Unveiling the Disparity in Cardiovascular Health

Recent studies have highlighted an alarming health disparity: South Asians are at a significantly higher risk of developing heart disease than their white counterparts. This gap in health outcomes extends beyond geographical borders, affecting South Asians globally. But what contributes to this disparity? A series of recent studies aim to unpack the complex interplay of genetic, biological, and lifestyle factors at play.

Research suggests that unique biological factors may predispose South Asians to heart disease. For instance, South Asians reportedly have a decreased ability to repair blood vessels and lower levels of certain stem cells crucial for regenerating blood vessels. Impaired kidney function, another common issue in this population, further exacerbates the risk. In addition, South Asians have a fourfold higher risk of developing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) compared to the general population.

Interestingly, despite having lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), Indians develop ASCVD about a decade earlier than Western populations. In response to this, the Lipid Association of India (LAI) has updated their cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid management guidelines. These updated recommendations aim to better manage dyslipidemia in Indian patients, with the ultimate goal of curtailing the epidemic of ASCVD among Indians globally.

High total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and Non-HDL cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in South Asians. Studies reveal alarming trends in increasing population levels of these lipids, particularly in northern and western Indian cities. Emigrant Indians in the UK and USA also reportedly have higher triglycerides compared to Caucasians, underscoring the need for more nationwide surveys and prospective studies to assess the risk of CAD incidence.

Advancements in technology have allowed researchers to delve deeper into the genetic factors influencing heart disease. A study by researchers from Brigham and Womens Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Stanford Medicine has revealed links between genetic alterations in cells lining blood vessels and CAD risk. The study identified that a key biological mechanism involved in a rare vascular disease, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) signaling pathway, may influence CAD risk by impacting vascular inflammation, thrombosis, and the structural integrity of the endothelium.

While biological and genetic factors are significant, its crucial not to overlook the role of lifestyle and diet in cardiovascular health. Regular physical activity, managing stress, regular check-ups, and making dietary changes can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease among South Asians. Addressing the unique health needs of different ethnic groups will be key to reducing the burden of heart disease globally.

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Unveiling the Disparity in Cardiovascular Health: Biological Factors, Dyslipidemia, and Genetics - Medriva