Family Medicine

Perspectives of Family Medicine Providers on Nutrition of Maternal-Infant by Group Care Visits: A Cross-Sectional Study – Cureus

Specialty

Please choose I'm not a medical professional. Allergy and Immunology Anatomy Anesthesiology Biostatistics Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery Cardiology Critical Care Dentistry Dermatology Diabetes and Endocrinology Emergency Medicine Epidemiology and Public Health Family Medicine Forensic Medicine Gastroenterology General Practice Genetics Geriatrics Health Policy Hematology HIV/AIDS Hospital-based Medicine I'm not a medical professional. Infectious Disease Integrative/Complementary Medicine Internal Medicine Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Medical Education and Simulation Medical Physics Medical Student Nephrology Neurological Surgery Neurology Nuclear Medicine Nutrition Obstetrics and Gynecology Occupational Health Oncology Ophthalmology Optometry Oral Medicine Orthopaedics Osteopathic Medicine Otolaryngology Pain Management Palliative Care Pathology Pediatrics Pediatric Surgery Pharmacology Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Plastic Surgery Podiatry Preventive Medicine Psychiatry Psychology Pulmonology Radiation Oncology Radiology Rheumatology Substance Use and Addiction Surgery Therapeutics Trauma Urology Miscellaneous

See the article here:

Perspectives of Family Medicine Providers on Nutrition of Maternal-Infant by Group Care Visits: A Cross-Sectional Study - Cureus

Family Medicine

Ohio U., Cleveland Clinic graduate 1st class of accelerated program – Cleveland Clinic Newsroom

ATHENS, Ohio: The first seven students to complete the Transformative Care Continuum, a unique educational collaboration between Ohio Universitys Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Cleveland Clinic, will graduate from their residencies at the end of June.

The innovative program offers an accelerated curriculum designed to align physician training with the evolving demands of modern health care delivery.

Signing onto the TCC was a leap of faith. Students in our first cohort took this leap because they believe in team-based patient-centered care, they value a population care approach, and they have a deep affinity for the shared goals of Cleveland Clinic and Heritage College: to meet Ohios growing need for primary care physicians, said Ken Johnson, D.O., executive dean of the Heritage College and OHIOs chief medical affairs officer. The trailblazing spirit that landed them in the program has also allowed these students to shine in residency. The level of care they are bringing to their patients as they enter practice is of the highest quality, and I am proud to call them my colleagues.

In 2018, the first cohort entered the Transformative Care Continuum (TCC), an innovative program with an accelerated curriculum where select students at the Heritage College Cleveland campus are granted early admittance to family medicine residency programs at Cleveland Clinic Akron General or Cleveland Clinic Lakewood Family Health Center. They then spend three years in medical school, instead of the traditional four, before entering their residencies. While in medical school, the students work with health care teams in Cleveland.

By offering real-world clinical encounters and immersing students in health care teams, this unique program transforms medical training, said Sandra Synder, D.O., Cleveland Clinic program director of the Family Medicine Residency Program at Cleveland Clinic Lakewood Family Health Center. It equips this next generation of physicians with invaluable hands-on experience, ensuring they are prepared to tackle 21st-century health care challenges.

Heritage College faculty and Cleveland Clinic residency directors jointly developed the curriculum, forming a collaboration between medical education and health care to align physician training with what medicine needs.

We need to figure out what doctor we want at the end and give them those skills while in medical school. Teach them the knowledge, the attitudes, the behaviors, and then have them practice them at an advanced level while in residency. Thats what TCC has been able to accomplish, said Leanne Chrisman-Khawam, M.D., Transformative Care Continuum director.

Jacob Wolfe, D.O., a member of TCCs first cohort, has signed on to work with Cleveland Clinic post-residency. He believes the changes the TCC is bringing to medical education helped him to enter residency with more confidence.

Becoming a resident in the same clinic that I spent three years in, just made the transition so seamless and so smooth, and allowed me to focus on taking care of patients and not worrying about how to use the electronic medical record or the names of the staff members in the office, because I already knew them, said Dr. Wolfe.

A key component of the TCC is working in the community. In the third year of the TCC, students complete research, quality improvement or programmatic projects they design in partnership with community organizations and aimed at addressing local health challenges.

The one thing that TCC has also done is go out into the community and make partnerships in community organizations to help bridge those differences that happen in communities. We have to change education, while we change the model, while we change the health system, while we move into the community, said Dr. Chrisman-Khawam.

By working in the Cleveland community, TCC students can gain a wider understanding of all of the factors that can impact a patients health.

The TCC, especially, really understands that everything we do in health care is only 20 percent of an outcome, said Isaac Kirstein, D.O., dean of the Heritage College, Cleveland. So, its an education where they look at the other 80 percent. They look at the zip code, transportation, poverty, education and everything as a way of improving a system to get better health outcomes for a zip code.

First cohort member Olga Grech, D.O., has signed on to work with Cleveland Clinic post-residency. She hopes to work closely with people experiencing homelessness in Cleveland, something she began while in the TCC.

I would say some of the most important lessons Ive learned through TCC training is just to have so much empathy with our patients and just really look at them as a whole person and get to know them more than just their medical diagnosis, said Dr. Grech.

The TCC has helped to position the Heritage College and Cleveland Clinic at the forefront of adapting medical education to meet the needs of the 21st century. Heritage College was one of 37 medical schools nationwide in the American Medical Associations Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium, a collaboration that allowed for the sharing of innovative ideas and programs within medical education that ran from 2013-2022. The findings from the Consortium, including information from the Heritage College are now being used by the American Medical Association to continue the work of furthering medical education.

MEDIA CONTACTS:

Cleveland Clinic: Alicia Reale, 216.408.7444, realeca@ccf.org Ohio University: Lisa Forster, 740.517.3282, forsterl@ohio.edu

Excerpt from:

Ohio U., Cleveland Clinic graduate 1st class of accelerated program - Cleveland Clinic Newsroom

Family Medicine

Annals of Family Medicine: New Articles Highlight Team-Based Innovations That May Reduce Burnout and Improve … – PR Newswire

PROVIDENCE, R.I., May 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Annals of Family Medicine is excited to announce the publication of three innovative articles in the latest May/June 2024 issue that introduce team-based approaches to improve primary care efficiency and address physician burnout, a critical issue impacting health care quality and delivery. These articles present novel strategies in primary care and academic settings that aim to improve workflow and efficiency while potentially mitigating burnout.

Team-Based Management of High-Priority Messages Shown to Reduce Physician Burnout

In this article, a clinical team from the University of Michigan's Department of Family Medicine describes a system to manage high-priority in-basket messages collaboratively. Physicians shared inbox access and rotated the workload, reportedly reducing feelings of burnout. This approach aims to ensure urgent patient concerns are promptly addressed without overwhelming individual physicians.

Utilizing Medical Assistants to Manage Patient Portal Messages Shown to Support Practice and Physician Efficiency

Dr. Jennifer N. Lee, MD, and her team at Penn Family Care, part of the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at Penn Medicine, introduced a model where certified medical assistants triage and distribute incoming patient messages. This initiative reduced the number of messages sent directly to primary care physicians by 40%, improving practice and clinician efficiency. Medical assistants maintained high response rates, potentially alleviating the burden on physicians and supporting a team-based care model.

Harmonizing Academic Missions in Family Medicine: One Department's Experience

This theory article presents a case example from the University of Minnesota Medical School, where the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health created a shared vision of harmonized missions. Historically, faculty had experienced care, education, and research missions as separate and isolated from each other, with ongoing tension as they were pulled in different directions by competing tasks and interests. The article highlights the department's specific strategies for harmonizing missions, such as creating a harmonization group and applying simple rules for mission alignment. This approach improved faculty well-being and increased scholarly output, providing a model for a learning and adaptive health system.

Why It Matters

Physician burnout is a critical issue affecting health care delivery, patient outcomes, and clinician well-being. These articles emphasize the importance of team-based care, workflow innovations, and systematic changes. Innovations that optimize team-based care may achieve both improved clinical effectiveness and reduce physician burnout.

Articles Cited:

Team-Based Management of High-Priority In-Basket MessagesGregoryShumer, MD, MHSA, Anup Bhandiwad, MD, MS, John Holkeboer, Lauren Marshall, MPH, MPP

Utilizing Medical Assistants to Manage Patient Portal MessagesJenniferN. Lee, MD, Laura Kurash, MD, Max Yang, Joseph Teel, MD, FAAFP

Harmonizing the Tripartite Mission in Academic Family Medicine: A Longitudinal Case Example C. J. Peek, PhD, Michele Allen, Katie A. Loth, Peter G. Harper, Casey Martin, James T. Pacala, Angela Buffington, Jerica M. Berge, PhD, MPH, LMFT, CFLE

Annals of Family Medicine is a peer-reviewed, indexed research journal that provides a cross-disciplinary forum for new, evidence-based information affecting the primary care disciplines. Launched in May 2003, Annals of Family Medicine is sponsored by seven family medical organizations, including the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Board of Family Medicine, the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, the Association of Departments of Family Medicine, the Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors, the North American Primary Care Research Group, and the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Annals of Family Medicine is published online six times each year and contains original research from the clinical, biomedical, social, and health services areas, as well as contributions on methodology and theory, selected reviews, essays, and editorials. Complete editorial content and interactive discussion groups for each published article can be accessed for free on the journal's website,www.AnnFamMed.org.

SOURCE Annals of Family Medicine

Follow this link:

Annals of Family Medicine: New Articles Highlight Team-Based Innovations That May Reduce Burnout and Improve ... - PR Newswire

Family Medicine

Penn Medicine named LGBTQ+ Health Care Leader by HRC – Penn Medicine

PHILADELPHIA Six hospitals in the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) earned perfect scores as part of Penn Medicine once again being named a 2024 LGBTQ+ Healthcare Equality Leader by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) Foundation. The 16th annual Healthcare Equality Index (HEI) surveyed 1,065 participating institutions, with scoring based on how many LGBTQ+ inclusive policies and practices they have in place in four different criteria areas: the foundational elements of LGBTQ+ patient-centered care, patient services and support, employee benefits and policies, and patient and community engagement.

Based on these criteria, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Chester County Hospital, Lancaster General Health, Princeton Health and Pennsylvania Hospital received the top score of 100 points

We are proud of our continued recognition, as it represents our ongoing commitment to providing high quality care for LGBTQ+ patients across the system, said Kevin Kline, MD, an assistant professor of Family Medicine and Community Health in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the inaugural medical director for LGBTQ+ Health.

The Healthcare Equality Index is a project of the Health & Aging Program at the Human Rights Campaign Foundation. The Health & Aging Program researches, develops, and advocates for LGBTQ+ health and aging initiatives at the federal, state, and local levels, and provides support to institutions seeking to enhance LGBTQ+ well-being via education, policy, research, and technical assistance.

Penn Medicineis one of the worlds leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, excellence in patient care, and community service. The organization consists of theUniversity of Pennsylvania Health System and PennsRaymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, founded in 1765 as the nations first medical school.

The Perelman School of Medicine is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $550 million awarded in the 2022 fiscal year. Home to a proud history of firsts in medicine, Penn Medicine teams have pioneered discoveries and innovations that have shaped modern medicine, including recent breakthroughs such as CAR T cell therapy for cancer and the mRNA technology used in COVID-19 vaccines.

The University of Pennsylvania Health Systems patient care facilities stretch from the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania to the New Jersey shore. These include the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Chester County Hospital, Lancaster General Health, Penn Medicine Princeton Health, and Pennsylvania Hospitalthe nations first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional facilities and enterprises include Good Shepherd Penn Partners, Penn Medicine at Home, Lancaster Behavioral Health Hospital, and Princeton House Behavioral Health, among others.

Penn Medicine is an $11.1 billion enterprise powered by more than 49,000 talented faculty and staff.

See the rest here:

Penn Medicine named LGBTQ+ Health Care Leader by HRC - Penn Medicine

Family Medicine

Dalrymple receives rural family medicine award – Lexington Clipper Herald

Anna Dalrymple, MD, FAAFP, is making a significant impact on family practice medicine and rural health in Nebraska through her passion and leadership.

In March, Dalrymple was honored with the prestigious Theodore H. Koefoot, Jr., MD 2024 Outstanding Preceptor in Rural Family Medicine award.

Additionally, she assumed the office of president for the Nebraska Academy of Family Physicians.

In May, she completed the yearlong Rural Physician Leadership Academy through the University of Nebraska College of Business Administration. Her active engagement with these organizations and programs inspires and equips others to serve in rural settings effectively.

The Koefoot award is granted to a rural Nebraska family physician who provides outstanding teaching and mentoring of medical students during their family medicine rural preceptorship and serves as an outstanding community physician.

Established in 2005 in memory of Dr. Theodore Koefoot, this award highlights Dalrymples contributions as a rural family physician for nine years, particularly her dedication to mentoring students over the past several years.

According to Dalrymple, receiving the Outstanding Preceptor award, which is a student-nominated award, was very meaningful to her.

Reflecting on her own experience, she said, When I was a third-year medical student, I saved my family medicine rotation until last because it interested me the least. I worked with Dr. Matt Byrd in Ogallala, and it changed everything for me. Dr. Byrd was the recipient of the Outstanding Preceptor award that year. I couldnt believe the honor of receiving the very same award for my work with students.

Dalrymple works with third-year University of Nebraska Medical Center students during their eight-week clerkship rotation in family medicine.

The students actively participate in patient care, mirroring Dalrymples activities.

The goal is to have the student see the patient first, formulate and present a plan to me, and then follow up with the patient together, she said. I love teaching. Having students is a privilege, and they teach me many things in the process.

Completing the Leadership Academy has also profoundly impacted Dalrymple. Her interest in the program stemmed from its focus on rural physicians.

When you work in a rural setting, you are called upon to do other roles and be on various committees. I am grateful for the opportunity to hone my leadership skills, which will be helpful in my new role as the president of NAFP, Dalrymple said.

The Heartland Health Alliance works in partnership with the UNL College of Business Administration to provide the nine-month RPLA program to equip rural physicians with essential leadership skills to address the unique challenges of practicing healthmcare in rural settings.

The NAFP aims to promote, support and serve the family physician members as they strive to improve health for all Nebraskans, according to their website. With more than 1,300 members, the NAFP represents Nebraskas family physicians and promotes ongoing, personal patient-physician relationship focused integrated care.

To learn more about Dalrymple, visit gothenburghealth.org or to schedule an appointment with Dalrymple, call 308-537-3661.

Get local news delivered to your inbox!

Read more here:

Dalrymple receives rural family medicine award - Lexington Clipper Herald

Family Medicine

Medical experts say summer camping and festivals could lead to summer illness – News Channel 5 Nashville

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) Memorial Day weekend is over and for many of you that can mean fun summer plans like baseball games, music festivals, camping and even a family trip.

Health and science experts say there are some ways you can stay healthy so that things can go as planned.

Family Medicine Physician Dr. Barbara Bawer says just because we're past the winter months, we're not in the clear from potential illness.

"Those are the typical months when we think of people having flu and cold and COVID and all these other viruses, because, you know, it's colder and because we're indoors, it doesn't mean that these things cannot happen the rest of the year," Bawer said.

She says as you partake in those summer activities, be on the lookout for enterovirus, which more often during this time of the year. They can lead to summer flus or mild infections like hand, foot and mouth disease. Children are more likely to become since from this than adults and most of the time the cases are mild, but most of the time this comes from summer travel and music festivals which can expose us to more germs.

"You've had alcohol, potentially, maybe some caffeine to kind of keep you up longer listening to the music. Your immune system is also lower, and so you have a much higher risk of getting these diseases. If you're screaming and your throat is dry, those are all risk factors," said Dr. Bawer.

Summer activities like camping or outdoor barbeques also bring risks of foodborne illnesses. They are commonly caused by norovirus or bacteria like salmonella. 1 in 6 Americans get some sort of foodborne illness each year.

The USDA says bacteria that causes these illnesses grow the quickest between temperature ranges of 40 and 140 degrees. Never leave food out of refrigeration for two hours.

"90 degrees and above, after an hour of sitting out in those temperatures, that's when your food will begin to spoil. Even if it looks okay," said Kenneth King, USDA Food Safety Public Affairs Specialist.

These are just precautions to keep you aware for you and your family so those summer plans play out safely. Don't let those illnesses stop you from enjoying those summer activities by planning ahead with hand washing and other safe practices.

Wonder Woman; school celebrates beloved teacher living with brain cancer

I think we can all remember our favorite teachers. In so many ways they leave an imprint on our lives. Get your tissue ready for Forrest Sanders' story on Ms. McMurray. She has poured so much into her students, and they are returning the love when it's needed most.

-Carrie Sharp

See original here:

Medical experts say summer camping and festivals could lead to summer illness - News Channel 5 Nashville

Endocrinology

YPrime Transforms Endocrinology and Autoimmune Trials through New Glucometer and eCOA Integrated Functionality – GlobeNewswire

MALVERN, Pa., May 21, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- YPrime, the leading pioneer in clinical trial technology, today announced the launch of its groundbreaking glucometer functionality designed to integrate seamlessly with its eCOA platform. This functionality, developed in close collaboration with patients living with diabetes, will transform endocrinology and autoimmune clinical trials by delivering a patient-centric, intuitive, and connected experience.

This release supports a wide selection of glucometer devices, enhancing YPrime's eCOA connected device strategy as the Company continues to expand device integrations to support multiple therapeutic areas. The new glucometer functionality addresses the unique needs of diabetes patients, sites, and clinical trial sponsors.

Key highlights include:

"We are thrilled to introduce this revolutionary glucometer functionality, born out of our commitment to patient-focused innovation," said Mike Hughes, Chief Product Officer of YPrime. "By listening closely to patients living with diabetes and leveraging our expertise in eCOA, we have created a solution that truly empowers patients and unlocks new possibilities for endocrinology clinical trials and any indication requiring blood glucose logs."

The YPrime Glucometer/eCOA functionality, developed in close collaboration with patients living with diabetes, delivers a patient-centric, intuitive, and connected experience.

YPrime's dedication to patient-centricity was evident throughout the development process of the glucometer functionality. The Company conducted in-depth interviews with patients and received valuable insights about their lived experiences to drive the feature's design and functionality. This collaborative approach ensures that the blood glucose monitoring functionality meets the real-world needs of its users. Automating data collection and transfer minimizes the burden on patients and site staff while ensuring data integrity.

In related news, YPrimerecently announcedan eCOA assessment for Tender Swollen Joint Count (TSJC), increasing the accuracy and efficiency of clinical trials for diseases that affect the joints. Visithttp://www.yprime.com/tsjcto learn how this user-centric functionality will reduce the burden for patients and site staff.

To learn more about how YPrime's eCOA enables industry leaders to solve for certainty or to request a demo, visit http://www.yprime.com/ecoa/.

About YPrime At YPrime, we streamline the clinical trial journey with a configurable platform designed for speed, quality, and certainty. With 50% faster IRT startup times, up to 30% faster eCOA launch times, and quality standards 50% above the industry average, YPrime can help you solve for certainty. Discover how by visitingwww.yprime.com or emailing marketing@yprime.com.

Media Contact Terry Rehm Head of Thought Leadership and Public Relations, YPrime trehm@yprime.com862-288-0329

See original here:

YPrime Transforms Endocrinology and Autoimmune Trials through New Glucometer and eCOA Integrated Functionality - GlobeNewswire

Cell Biology

Advancing Cell Biology and Cancer Research via Cell Culture and Microscopy Imaging Techniques – Lab Manager Magazine

Tech Trends Webinar

Tuesday, June 25, 2024 1 PM EDT

Cell culture is a fundamental technique in biology and biotechnology that involves the growth and maintenance of cells outside their natural environment, typically in a laboratory setting. Cells can be cultured from various sources, including animal tissues, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Cell culture techniques are widely used in various fields, including basic research, drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and biotechnology. They allow researchers to study cell behavior, function, and interactions in controlled conditions, providing insights into biological processes and disease mechanisms. Additionally, cell culture is essential for producing biological products like vaccines, therapeutic proteins, and tissue-engineered constructs for transplantation.

Cell culture and microscopy imaging are integral to biological research, with microscopy enabling high-resolution visualization and analysis of cellular structure, function, and behavior. Techniques such as live cell imaging allow researchers to directly observe cell health and growth patterns in real time. Meanwhile, fluorescence microscopy provides detailed views of specific cellular structures and organelles, helping to elucidate cellular interactions and the impact of environmental changes on biological systems. Additionally, microscopy imaging is extensively used to examine cellular responses to treatments, thereby aiding in the development of new therapeutic approaches and medical diagnostics.

Overall, the combination of cell culture and microscopy imaging is essential for advancing our understanding of cell biology, disease mechanisms, and drug development. It enables researchers to observe and analyze cellular processes with high precision and detail, leading to discoveries that drive scientific progress and innovation.

Zulin Yu Head of Light Microscopy Stowers Institute

Sponsored By

View post:
Advancing Cell Biology and Cancer Research via Cell Culture and Microscopy Imaging Techniques - Lab Manager Magazine

Cell Biology

Adding intrinsically disordered proteins to biological ageing clocks – Nature.com

Moqri, M. et al. Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions. Cell 186, 37583775 (2023).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lpez-Otn, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M. & Kroemer, G. Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell 186, 243278 (2023).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Gladyshev, V. N. et al. Molecular damage in aging. Nat. Aging 1, 10961106 (2021).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Horvath, S. & Raj, K. DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing. Nat. Rev. Genet. 19, 371384 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Field, A. E. et al. DNA methylation clocks in aging: categories, causes, and consequences. Mol. Cell 71, 882895 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lee, H. Y., Lee, S. D. & Shin, K.-J. Forensic DNA methylation profiling from evidence material for investigative leads. BMB Rep. 49, 359369 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Jackson, S. H. D., Weale, M. R. & Weale, R. A. Biological agewhat is it and can it be measured? Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 36, 103115 (2003).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Vaiserman, A. & Krasnienkov, D. Telomere length as a marker of biological age: state-of-the-art, open issues, and future perspectives. Front. Genet. 11, 630186 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Babu, M. M., Kriwacki, R. W. & Pappu, R. V. Structural biology. Versatility from protein disorder. Science 337, 14601461 (2012).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Dyson, H. J. & Wright, P. E. Intrinsically unstructured proteins and their functions. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 197208 (2005).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Dobson, C. M. Protein misfolding, evolution and disease. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24, 329332 (1999).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Scheres, S. H. W., Ryskeldi-Falcon, B. & Goedert, M. Molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases by cryo-EM of amyloids. Nature 621, 701710 (2023).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Arseni, D. et al. Structure of pathological TDP-43 filaments from ALS with FTLD. Nature 601, 139143 (2022).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Chatani, E. & Yamamoto, N. Recent progress on understanding the mechanisms of amyloid nucleation. Biophys. Rev. 10, 527534 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Ke, P. C. et al. Half a century of amyloids: past, present and future. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 54735509 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Dobson, C. M., Knowles, T. P. J. & Vendruscolo, M. The amyloid phenomenon and its significance in biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 12, a033878 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Chiti, F. & Dobson, C. M. Protein misfolding, amyloid formation, and human disease: a summary of progress over the last decade. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 86, 2768 (2017).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Iadanza, M. G., Jackson, M. P., Hewitt, E. W., Ranson, N. A. & Radford, S. E. A new era for understanding amyloid structures and disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 19, 755773 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Alberti, S. & Hyman, A. A. Biomolecular condensates at the nexus of cellular stress, protein aggregation disease and ageing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 196213 (2021).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Vendruscolo, M. & Fuxreiter, M. Sequence determinants of the aggregation of proteins within condensates generated by liquid-liquid phase separation. J. Mol. Biol. 434, 167201 (2022).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Alberti, S. & Dormann, D. Liquid-liquid phase separation in disease. Annu Rev. Genet 53, 171194 (2019).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Serio, T. R. et al. Nucleated conformational conversion and the replication of conformational information by a prion determinant. Science 289, 13171321 (2000).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Serio, T. R. & Lindquist, S. L. Protein-only inheritance in yeast: something to get [PSI+]-ched about. Trends Cell Biol. 10, 98105 (2000).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

ari, A., Chebaro, Y. C., Knowles, T. P. J. & Frenkel, D. Crucial role of non-specific interactions in amyloid nucleation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 1786917874 (2014).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Ray, S. et al. Mass photometric detection and quantification of nanoscale -synuclein phase separation. Nat. Chem. 15, 13061316 (2023).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Kar, M. et al. Phase separating RNA binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2202222119 (2022).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Shin, Y. & Brangwynne, C. P. Liquid phase condensation in cell physiology and disease. Science 357, eaaf4382 (2017).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Boeynaems, S. et al. Protein phase separation: a new phase in cell biology. Trends Cell Biol. 28, 420435 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Patel, A. et al. A liquid-to-solid phase transition of the ALS protein FUS accelerated by disease mutation. Cell 162, 10661077 (2015).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Zhang, P. et al. Chronic optogenetic induction of stress granules is cytotoxic and reveals the evolution of ALS-FTD pathology. eLife 8, e39578 (2019).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Shen, Y. et al. The liquid-to-solid transition of FUS is promoted by the condensate surface. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2301366120 (2023).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Linsenmeier, M. et al. The interface of condensates of the hnRNPA1 low-complexity domain promotes formation of amyloid fibrils. Nat. Chem. 15, 13401349 (2023).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Emmanouilidis, L. et al. A solid beta-sheet structure is formed at the surface of FUS droplets during aging. Nat. Chem. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-024-01573-w (2024).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Lashuel, H. A. Rethinking protein aggregation and drug discovery in neurodegenerative diseases: why we need to embrace complexity? Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 64, 6775 (2021).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Bolognesi, B. et al. The mutational landscape of a prion-like domain. Nat. Commun. 10, 4162 (2019).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Labbadia, J. & Morimoto, R. I. The biology of proteostasis in aging and disease. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 84, 435464 (2015).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Hipp, M. S., Kasturi, P. & Hartl, F. U. The proteostasis network and its decline in ageing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 421435 (2019).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Patel, A. et al. ATP as a biological hydrotrope. Science 356, 753756 (2017).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Gallotta, I. et al. Extracellular proteostasis prevents aggregation during pathogenic attack. Nature 584, 410414 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Rutledge, B. S., Choy, W.-Y. & Duennwald, M. L. Folding or holding?Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperoning of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative disease. J. Biol. Chem. 298, 101905 (2022).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Hofweber, M. et al. Phase separation of FUS is suppressed by its nuclear import receptor and arginine methylation. Cell 173, 706719.e13 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Yoshizawa, T. et al. Nuclear import receptor inhibits phase separation of FUS through binding to multiple sites. Cell 173, 693705.e22 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Guo, L. et al. Nuclear-import receptors reverse aberrant phase transitions of rna-binding proteins with prion-like domains. Cell 173, 677692.e20 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Milles, S. et al. Facilitated aggregation of FG nucleoporins under molecular crowding conditions. EMBO Rep. 14, 178183 (2013).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Mateju, D. et al. An aberrant phase transition of stress granules triggered by misfolded protein and prevented by chaperone function. EMBO J. 36, 16691687 (2017).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bah, A. & Forman-Kay, J. D. Modulation of intrinsically disordered protein function by post-translational modifications. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 66966705 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Hofweber, M. & Dormann, D. Friend or foePost-translational modifications as regulators of phase separation and RNP granule dynamics. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 71377150 (2019).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Simandi, Z. et al. Arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 provides cellular stress tolerance in aging motoneurons. J. Neurosci. 38, 76837700 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Das, T. et al. Metastable condensates suppress conversion to amyloid fibrils. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.28.582569 (2024).

Mann, J. R. et al. RNA binding antagonizes neurotoxic phase transitions of TDP-43. Neuron 102, 321338.e8 (2019).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Maharana, S. et al. RNA buffers the phase separation behavior of prion-like RNA binding proteins. Science 360, 918921 (2018).

Continued here:
Adding intrinsically disordered proteins to biological ageing clocks - Nature.com

Cell Biology

Study explores how different modes of cell division evolved in close relatives of fungi and animals – News-Medical.Net

Cell division is one of the most fundamental processes of life. From bacteria to blue whales, every living being on Earth relies on cell division for growth, reproduction, and species survival. Yet, there is remarkable diversity in the way different organisms carry out this universal process. A new study from EMBL Heidelberg's Dey group and their collaborators, recently published in Nature, explores how different modes of cell division evolved in close relatives of fungi and animals, demonstrating, for the first time, the link between an organism's life cycle and the way their cells divide.

Despite last sharing a common ancestor over a billion years ago, animals and fungi are similar in many ways. Both belong to a broader group called 'eukaryotes' organisms whose cells store their genetic material inside a closed compartment called the 'nucleus'. The two differ, however, in how they carry out many physiological processes, including the most common type of cell division mitosis.

Most animal cells undergo 'open' mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope the two-layered membrane separating the nucleus from the rest of the cell breaks down when cell division begins. However, most fungi use a different form of cell division called 'closed' mitosis in which the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the division process. However, very little is known about why or how these two distinct modes of cell division evolved and what factors determine which mode would be predominantly followed by a particular species.

This question captured the attention of scientists in the Dey Group at EMBL Heidelberg, who investigate the evolutionary origins of the nucleus and cell division.

By studying diversity across organisms and reconstructing how things evolved, we can begin to ask if there are universal rules that underlie how such fundamental biological processes work."

Gautam Dey, Group Leader at EMBL Heidelberg

In 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown, an unexpected path to answering this question grew out of discussions between Dey's group and Omaya Dudin's team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne. Dudin is an expert in an unusual group of marine protists Ichthyosporea. Ichthyosporea are closely related to both fungi and animals, with different species lying closer to one or the other group on the evolutionary family tree.

The Dey and Dudin groups, in collaboration with Yannick Schwab's group at EMBL Heidelberg, decided to probe the origins of open and closed mitosis using Ichthyosporea as a model. Interestingly, the researchers found that certain species of Ichthyosporea undergo closed mitosis while others undergo open mitosis. Therefore, by comparing and contrasting their biology, they could obtain insights into how organisms adapt to and use these two cell division modes.

Hiral Shah, an EIPOD fellow working across the three groups, led the study. "Having recognized very early that Ichthyosporea, with their many nuclei and key evolutionary position between animal and fungi, were well-suited for addressing this question, it was clear that this would require bringing together the cell biological and technical expertise of the Dey, Dudin, and Schwab groups, and this is exactly what the EIPOD fellowship allowed me to do," said Shah.

Upon closely probing the mechanisms of cell division in two species of Ichthyosporeans, the researchers found that one species, S. arctica, favours closed mitosis, similar to fungi. S. arctica also has a life cycle with a multinucleate stage, where many nuclei exist within the same cell another feature shared with many fungal species as well as the embryonic stages of certain animals, such as fruit flies. Another species, C. perkinsii, turned out to be much more animal-like, relying on open mitosis. Its life cycle involves primarily mononucleate stages, where each cell has a single nucleus.

"Our findings led to the key inference that the way animal cells do mitosis evolved hundreds of millions of years before animals did. The work therefore has direct implications for our general understanding of how eukaryotic cell division mechanisms evolve and diversify in the context of diverse life cycles, and provides a key piece of the animal origins puzzle," said Dey.

The study combined expertise in comparative phylogenetics, electron microscopy (from the Schwab Group and the electron microscopy core facility (EMCF) at EMBL Heidelberg), and ultrastructure expansion microscopy, a technique that involves embedding biological samples in a transparent gel and physically expanding it. Additionally, Eelco Tromer, from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, and Iva Tolic, from the Ruer Bokovi Institute in Zagreb, Croatia, provided expertise in comparative genomics and mitotic spindle geometry and biophysics, respectively.

"The first time we saw an expanded S. arctica nucleus, we knew this technique would change the way we study the cell biology of non-model organisms," said Shah, who brought back the expansion microscopy technique to EMBL Heidelberg after a stint at the Dudin lab. Dey agrees: "A key breakthrough in this study came with our application of ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to the analysis of the ichthyosporean cytoskeleton. Without U-ExM, immunofluorescence and most dye labelling protocols do not work in this understudied group of marine holozoans."

This study also demonstrates the importance of going beyond traditional model organism research when trying to answer broad biological questions, and the potential insights further research on Ichthyosporean systems might reveal. "Ichthyosporean development displays remarkable diversity," said Dudin. "On one hand, several species exhibit developmental patterns similar to those of early insect embryos, featuring multinucleated stages and synchronised cellularisation. On the other hand, C. perkinsii undergoes cleavage division, symmetry breaking, and forms multicellular colonies with distinct cell types, similar to the 'canonical view' of early animal embryos. This diversity not only helps in understanding the path to animals but also offers a fascinating opportunity for comparative embryology outside of animals, which is, in itself, very exciting."

The project's inherent interdisciplinarity served not only as a good testbed for this type of collaborative research but also for the unique postdoctoral training afforded at EMBL. "Hiral's project nicely illustrates the virtue of the EIPOD programme: a truly interdisciplinary project, bundling innovative biology with advanced methods, all contributing to a truly spectacular personal development," said Schwab. "We (as mentors) witnessed the birth of a strong scientist, and this is really rewarding!"

The Dey, Dudin, and Schwab groups are currently also collaborating on the PlanExM project, part of the TREC expedition an EMBL-led initiative to explore and sample the biodiversity along European coasts. PlanExM aims to apply expansion microscopy to study the ultrastructural diversity of marine protists directly in environmental samples. "The project grew out of the realisation that U-ExM is going to be a game-changer for protistology and marine microbiology," said Dey. With this project, as well as others currently underway, the research team hopes to shed further light on the diversity of life on Earth and the evolution of the fundamental biological processes.

Source:

Journal reference:

Shah, H., et al. (2024). Life-cycle-coupled evolution of mitosis in close relatives of animals.Nature. doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07430-z.

Read more here:
Study explores how different modes of cell division evolved in close relatives of fungi and animals - News-Medical.Net