Experts on COVID-19 – University of Victoria News

The following University of Victoria experts are available to media to discuss the COVID-19 pandemic:

Colin Bennett (Political Science) is an expert on access to information and privacy protection legislation. With many people and businesses moving online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bennett can provide insights on how personal data is captured, the pressing need for transparency, the importance of online privacy rights and healthy practices for data collection.(Email at cjb@uvic.ca)

Susan Breau (Law) is dean of the Faculty of Law and an expert in international humanitarian law, international human rights law and international disaster law. She can discuss emergency legislation/acts in a broad legal context, both in Canada and internationally. (Email at lawdean@uvic.ca)

Elizabeth Borycki (Health Information Science) is an expert inthe role of health information technologies in enabling patient-centred care and information safety when facing an epidemic or outbreak.She can also discuss virtual care, remote monitoring technologies,telehealth and electronic health records. (Email at emb@uvic.ca)

Martin Bunton(History) is an expert in modern Middle Eastern history. He can speak about how the Middle East in general has been affected, the impact on populations and how governments are responding. (Email at mbunton@uvic.ca)

Mark Colgate (Gustavson School of Business) is director of Gustavsons corporate MBA programs and is an expert on customer service excellence. He is able to speak about the business impacts of COVID-19 on large and small organizations, as well as consumer trends and tendencies including panic buying. (Email at colgate@uvic.ca)

Stacey Fitzsimmons(Gustavson School of Business) is an expert in international business and organizational behaviour. She can speak about the impacts of the coronavirus on employees and managers, including remote working, employee or consumer behavior in response to uncertainty and anxiety, and the effects of this situation on women, or people who have families in multiple countries, such as newcomers to Canada. (Email at sfitzsim@uvic.ca)

Rob Gillezeau (Economics) is an economist with expertise in public policy. He can speak aboutfederal, provincial and municipal economic policies related to bridging supports for individuals, firms and non-profits during the COVID-19 crisis. He can also speak to the broader economic shock of the crisis, the nature of the probable recession and what economic stimulus should look like after the COVID-19 pandemic is eventually contained.(Email at gillezr@uvic.ca)

Fred Grouzet (Psychology) is a social psychologist who can speak about how people react to fear and threat, as well as how they perceive risk. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, he can offer his expertise on how people can maintain positive mental health at home. Grouzet is also French-fluent. (Email at fgrouzet@uvic.ca)

Mitch Hammond (History) is a historian who specialises in early modern Europe health and epidemic disease. He can speak about the social and historical dimensions of pandemics and epidemics, including research from his new book Epidemics and the Modern World. (Email at mlewham@uvic.ca)

Edwin Hodge (Sociology) is an expert in the areas of social movement theory, gender theory and political sociology. He can speak about how the COVID-19 pandemic affects people and social groups in different ways, including conspiracy theories about the outbreak. His research interests include right-wing and traditionalist social movements, extremism and white supremacist activism in North American societies. (Email at edhodge@uvic.ca)

Olav Krigolson (Neuroscience) is an expert in living in isolation (having completed an astronaut-simulation research project in the HI-SEAS Mars Habitat in Hawaii), decision-making and statistics. In the context of COVID-19, he can discuss what happens to the brain during isolation, and how isolation affects decision-making and performance. (Email at krigolson@uvic.ca)

Andrew Marton (Pacific and Asian Studies) is an expert in contemporary Chinese studies. He can speak about the dimensions of the outbreak related to large cities and mobility in China. (Email at amarton@uvic.ca)

Bernie Pauly (Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research/Nursing) is a nurse researcher with expertise in public health, substance use, harm reduction and health equity. She is a researcher with the Canadian Homelessness Researcher Network and was involved in pandemic planning for homeless populations during H1N1. Currently, she leads the Canadian Managed Alcohol Program (MAP) study and is an expert resource on MAPs during COVID 19. (Email at bpauly@uvic.ca)

Junling Ma (Mathematics and Statistics) is an expert in the mathematical and statistical modelling of the spread of infectious diseases, optimal control strategies and the spread of specific diseases such as influenza, HIV, Ebola and cholera. (Email at junlingm@uvic.ca)

Cheryl Mitchell (Gustavson School of Business) is the incoming academic director for the Sustainable Innovation MBA program. She can speak about organizational culture, team dynamics, leading in times of crisis, health systems, public service, stakeholder engagement, avoiding blame in crisis, decision-making and critical thinking, remote working and being creative online. (Email at clmitch@uvic.ca)

Jillian Roberts(Educational Psychology) is an expert in child psychology. She can discuss how parents and other adults can support children and their worries during times of uncertainty.She is available from 9 to 10 a.m. daily.(Email at jjrobert@uvic.ca)

Oliver Schmidtke (Centre for Global Studies/History/Political Science) is a political scientist and expert in European politics and history. He is able to speak about the evolving situation around COVID-19 in Europe, including the non-coordinated national attempts to contain the virus, border policies and the role of the European Union in managing the crisis. (Email at ofs@uvic.ca)

Chris Upton (Biochemistry and Microbiology/Science) is a microbiologist and virologist who can speak about using highly interactive software and other bioinformatics tools to enable users to view and analyze viral genomes. Upton, who was involved in sequencing of the first SARS genome, can also speak to how scientists with this area expertise can use databases and other sequencing technologies in their research. (Email at cupton@uvic.ca)

Note: Please use email as first point of contact for all experts. During this time, not all experts will be able to respond immediately to your request. Please cc Stephanie Harrington and/or Suzanne Ahearne so we can provide additional support as needed. Broadcasters: Experts' access/availability via Skype/Facetime varies. Please ask individually.

Stephanie Harrington (University Communications + Marketing ) at 250-721-6248 or smharrin@uvic.ca

Suzanne Ahearne (University Communications + Marketing) at 250-721-6139 or sahearne@uvic.ca

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Experts on COVID-19 - University of Victoria News

Podcast: Supercomputing the Coronavirus on Frontera – insideHPC

Scientists are preparing a massive computer model of the coronavirus that they expect will give insight into how it infects in the body. Theyve taken the first steps, testing the first parts of the model and optimizing code on the Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center of UT Austin. The knowledge gained from the full model can help researchers design new drugs and vaccines to combat the coronavirus.

Rommie Amaro is leading efforts to build the first complete all-atom model of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus envelope, its exterior component. If we have a good model for what the outside of the particle looks like and how it behaves, were going to get a good view of the different components that are involved in molecular recognition. Molecular recognition involves how the virus interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and possibly other targets within the host cell membrane. Amaro is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego.

The coronavirus model is anticipated by Amaro to contain roughly 200 million atoms, a daunting undertaking, as the interaction of each atom with one another has to be computed. Her teams workflow takes a hybrid, or integrative modeling approach.

Were trying to combine data at different resolutions into one cohesive model that can be simulated on leadership-class facilities like Frontera. How we do this is that we basically start with the individual components, where their structures have been resolved at atomic or near atomic resolution, and we have to basically carefully get each of these components up and running and into a state where they are stable. Then we can introduce them into the bigger envelope simulations with neighboring molecules, Amaro said.

The Frontera supercomputer aided efforts of the Amaro Lab on March 12-13, 2020, by running NAMD molecular dynamics simulations on up to 4,000 nodes, or about 250,000 of its processing cores. This is a remarkably large-scale simulation run in itself on Frontera, the #5 top supercomputer in the world and #1 academic supercomputer according to November 2019 rankings of the Top500 organization. Frontera is the leadership-class system in the cyberinfrastructure ecosystem of the National Science Foundation.

Rommie Amaro, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego.

Simulations of that size are only possible to run on a machine like Frontera or on a machine possibly at the Department of Energy, Amaro said. We straightaway contacted the Frontera team, and theyve been very gracious in giving us priority status for benchmarking and trying to optimize the code so that these simulations can run as efficiently as possible, once the system is actually up and running.

Its exciting to work on one of these brand new machines, for sure. Our experience so far has been very good. The initial benchmarks have been really impressive for this system. Were going to continue to optimize the codes for these ultra large systems so that we can ultimately get even better performance. I would say that working with the team at Frontera has also been fantastic. Theyre at the ready to help and have been extremely responsive during this critical time window. Its been a very positive experience, Amaro said.

TACC is proud to support this critical and groundbreaking research, said Dan Stanzione, Executive Director of TACC and Principal Investigator of the Frontera supercomputer project. We will continue to support Amaros simulations and other important work related to understanding and finding a way to defeat this new threat.

Amaros work with the coronavirus comes on the coattails of her success with recently published work in ACS Central Science, February of 2020, on an all-atom simulation of the influenza virus envelope. She said that the influenza work will have a remarkable number of similarities to what theyre now pursuing with the coronavirus.

The NSF-funded Frontera supercomputer at TACC is ranked #5 fastest in the world and #1 for academic systems, according to the November 2019 Top500 rankings. (Credit: TACC)

Its a brilliant test of our methods and our abilities to adapt to new data and to get this up and running right off the fly, Amaro said. It took us a year or more to build the influenza viral envelope and get it up and running on the national supercomputers. For influenza, we used the Blue Waters supercomputer, which was in some ways the predecessor to Frontera. The work, however, with the coronavirus obviously is proceeding at a much, much faster pace. This is enabled, in part because of the work that we did on Blue Waters earlier.

Said Amaro: These simulations will give us new insights into the different parts of the coronavirus that are required for infectivity. And why we care about that is because if we can understand these different features, scientists have a better chance to design new drugs; to understand how current drugs work and potential drug combinations work. The information that we get from these simulations is multifaceted and multidimensional and will be of use for scientists on the front lines immediately and also in the longer term. Hopefully the public will understand that theres many different components and facets of science to push forward to understand this virus. These simulations on Frontera are just one of those components, but hopefully an important and a gainful one.

Source: Jorge Salazar at TACC

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Podcast: Supercomputing the Coronavirus on Frontera - insideHPC

John Paul II’s ‘Evangelium Vitae’ Gave a Voice to Those Promoting Respect for Life – National Catholic Register

John Paul IIs Evangelium Vitae Gave a Voice to Those Promoting Respect for Life

COMMENTARY: Four reasons why, 25 years later, the documents value has not diminished but increased.

Twenty-five years after it was issued, Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) still matters to everyone struggling to increase respect for human life.

First, it explained what we knew deep down: that the legal and cultural struggles over abortion and euthanasia were always about much more. They were about whether or not truth existed, whether God was the Lord of Life, and whether we were first self-maximizing individuals or rather interdependent members of a community with special responsibility for the weakest. It always seemed to members of the communities fighting for respect for life that we were fighting for this and more.

John Paul II gave this voice. He pointed to elements of the spirit of the age, which he described as: skeptical or even in denial about the existence of truth; wedded to individual autonomy; categorically opposed to suffering and dependency; and convinced of individualistic, material and man-made notions of progress and freedom.

His words were oddly reassuring to those concerned about promoting respect for life. In the course of a typical argument, our opponents seemed to deny everything written in embryology textbooks, the fact of radical human weakness and interdependence, and God. Evangelium Vitae confirmed that this was probably true in many cases, meaning that a full-blown pro-life argument always also needed to engage these points, as well. This predisposition of the spirit of the age also helped to explain why its so darn hard to change another persons mind. Respect for human life is always also about all these other things, not just about whether or not its okay to end another human life.

Second and closely related, Evangelium Vitae brought us to the full realization of how impoverished our understanding of family had become. Instead of thinking about our family as the human beings hand-picked for us to specially care for, the movements for abortion and euthanasia suggested that we had a special right to terminate the lives of family members. As John Paul II wrote:

Even more serious is the fact that, most often, those attacks are carried out in the very heart of and with the complicity of the family the family which by its nature is called to be the sanctuary of life (11).

The work of respect for life at every stage would have to pay attention to strengthening a sense of obligation and service to family, especially the weakest members.

Third, Evangelium Vitae explained that, no, we werent crazy to wonder how abortion rights or the right to die got so popular precisely at the same time as a noticeable intensifying of movements on behalf of human rights. John Paul II wondered aloud, too, asking how [t]he process which once led to discovering the idea of human rights rights inherent in every person and before any constitution and state legislation is today marked by a surprising contradiction. Precisely in an age when the inviolable rights of the person are solemnly proclaimed the very right to life is being denied. He added further that the state is allowing attacks [against] human life at the time of its greatest frailty, when it lacks any means of self-defense.

In other words, the pro-life movements are also charged with convincing our hard-charging, self-maximizing, autonomy-craving friends and neighbors that a truly human life and a valid set of human rights pays extraordinary attention to the weakest, including the unborn, the disabled and the elderly in particular.

And fourth, Evangelium Vitae reminded even the cynics among us of the gorgeous case for the value and beauty of every human life. Its sweeping review of both the Old and the New Testament evidence makes the case that against all the odds, it seems God finds us worthy of love and wants us to make this visible to all those given to us in the Good Samaritan way. This usually begins with family but extends to all who are strewn across our path.

So did Evangelium Vitaes insights make everything all right? Of course not, but it put all the movements for life on a superior footing and revealed the full extent of their vocation. The movements could better understand what is really ailing contemporary society and the breadth of the work before them. They are ever more aware that no one wants to have a baby without a loving community to welcome them and that no one wants to live at all without the hope of deep, abiding relationships.

John Paul IIs call in Evangelium Vitae for a new feminism for women to take leadership roles so as to transform culture so that it supports life has also been a galloping success. It is stunning to see the number of women today running not only centers for pregnant women, but a wide array of the leading pro-life efforts.

At the same time, it must be said that some of the trends John Paul II highlighted have stayed the same or worsened. The notion of the self-made man or woman has reached new heights/depths with the movement for transgenderism. Demands for human rights still and regularly fail to mention the unborn, the elderly and the disabled; and they more often prescribe death as the compassionate solution to their problems.

Still, Evangelium Vitae reminds all of us in the trenches that we are in excellent company and executing worthy work work that accomplishes far more than meets the eye, even as it clashes with powerful and entrenched worldviews. And it reminds us that we have the constant companionship in our labors of one of the great intellects, hearts and souls of the 20th and 21st centuries: Pope St. John Paul II.

Helen Alvar is a professor

of law at Antonin

Scalia Law School at

George Mason University.

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John Paul II's 'Evangelium Vitae' Gave a Voice to Those Promoting Respect for Life - National Catholic Register

Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses – Associated Press

EMERYVILLE, Calif., March 25, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Today Berkeley Lights, Inc., announced the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) with founding members Dr. James Crowe and Dr. Robert Carnahan at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Dr. Erica Ollman Saphire at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and Dr. Frances Eun-Hyung Lee at Emory University with the aim to accelerate the discovery of neutralizing antibodies from patient blood samples. Processing precious blood samples and fragile cells can be challenging with traditional technologies. The consortium will leverage Berkeley Lights Beacon platform for antibody discovery using the blood of recovering patients as the foundation for therapeutics, with COVID-19 as a first target.

While researchers around the world are quickly characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ability to screen single B cells expressing a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody remains a significant and time-consuming challenge. The body has billions of B cells. After a patient recovers from SAR-CoV-2, they generate many B cells specific for the virus; however, some B cells will make antibodies that just bind to the virus but are not protective. Hence, finding the special B cells that eliminate or neutralize the virus is exceedingly rare. It is like finding a needle in a haystack. The existing technologies can only search for binders, not neutralizers so researchers are forced to sequence and re-express the antibody from non-specific B cells wasting significant time and resources. The Beacon system and the viral neutralization assay is designed to address this problem by directly screening single cells for neutralizing function in a single day.

The primary goal of the GEPAD Consortium is to enable the quickest therapeutic response to emerging pathogens. The GEPAD Consortium is requesting that anyone interested in this viral neutralization workflow and advancing the state of the art reach out and join them in forming a defensive barrier worldwide against diseases caused by emerging pathogens. Members will be enabled to rapidly discover potential treatments using small volume blood samples from recovering patientsboth acute and convalescent. The consortium is rapidly iterating and improving the viral neutralization workflow executing on the Berkeley Lights platform and hopes that more collaborators will come forward to participate in fighting this epidemic and be better prepared for the next one.

We have long sought to study the antiviral capacity of antibodies secreted by single human B cells, but the instruments and protocols for doing those studies didnt exist. Partnering with Berkeley Lights on developing innovative approaches to this single-cell biology task is now becoming a reality, said Dr. James Crowe, MD, Director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center.

We have developed a specialized survival media for plasma cells and envision the use of it for rapid upfront selection of a rare target monoclonal antibody, said Dr. Lee. Berkeley Lights together with this consortium will make this method a reality for COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies. We hope this helps in this pandemic to save lives.

Theres an opportunity here to quickly mobilize something that could protect frontline workers or treat those who have been infected, explained Dr. Saphire. Vaccines arent available yet. Providing some immediate immunity using antibodies could be lifesaving for those who havent been vaccinated or cant be vaccinated, or if the eventual vaccines arent completely protective.

COVID-19 is a serious threat to our health, our way of life, and the world economy, said Dr. Eric Hobbs, CEO of Berkeley Lights. We are committed to doing our part by developing assays and workflows that researchers and therapeutic developers can use to rapidly discover antibodies that are key to treatments.

About Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) is one of the nations largest academic medical centers. As part of its research enterprise, in partnership with the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center is participating in the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agencys (DARPAs) Pandemic Protection Platform (P3) program, a five-year cooperative agreement to develop protective antibody treatments that can be rushed to health care providers within 60 days after the outbreak of viral diseases anywhere in the world.

About La Jolla Institute for Immunology La Jolla Institute for Immunology is dedicated to understanding the intricacies and power of the immune system so that we may apply that knowledge to promote human health and prevent a wide range of diseases. Since its founding in 1988 as an independent, nonprofit research organization, the Institute has made numerous advances leading towards its goal: life without disease.

About Emory University Emory University is one of the worlds leading research universities. Its mission is to create, preserve, teach and apply knowledge in the service of humanity. The Emory effort is led by Dr. Lee of the Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Division, The Lowance Center for Human Immunology and the Emory Vaccine Center. She contributes culture methods developed in her lab that greatly improve the survival of B cells and plasma cells thereby facilitating the isolation of extremely rare cells producing the antibodies of interest. Dr. Lees work is supported by NIH, the Lowance Center, Gates Foundation, and the Georgia Research Alliance.

About Berkeley Lights Here at Berkeley Lights, we think cells are awesome! Cells are capable of manufacturing cures for diseases, fibers for clothing, energy in the form of biofuels, and food proteins for nutrition. So the question is, if nature is capable of manufacturing the products we need in a scalable way, why arent we doing more of this? Well, the answer is that with the solutions available today, it is hard. It takes a long time to find the right cell for a specific job, costs lots of money, and if you have picked a suboptimal cell line, has a very low process yield. Berkeley Lights has the complete solution to find the best cells by functionally screening and recovering individual cells for antibody discovery, cell line development, T cell analysis, and synthetic biology. Our proprietary technology, including the Beacon and Lightning platforms accelerate the rate you can discover and develop cell-based products in a fraction of the time and at a fraction of the cost of conventional, legacy research methods. Using our tools and solutions, scientists can find the best cells, the first time they look. For more information, visit http://www.berkeleylights.com.

Berkeley Lights Beacon and Lightning systems and Culture Station instrument are:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

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Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses - Associated Press

Uni kit to help with virus tests – Kent Online

With stricter measures now enforced upon the country, staff and students at the University of Kent are doing their bit to try and help with the coronavirus outbreak.

As the bioscience laboratories at the university are now closed, they're lending specialist equipment to hospitals in Kent to help increase the number of coronavirus tests that can be taken, while more than 30 members of staff, academics and PHD students from the biosciences school have also volunteered to help.

KMTV's Kristina Curtis reports on how students and staff at the University of Kent are doing to help tackle the coronavirus outbreak

Prof. Dan Mulvihill, Head of the School of Biosciences at the university said: "Staff, PHD students, researchers and academics have volunteered to give up their time to help in the labs in NHS hospitals.

"We have a variety of people with molecular biology skills, what we're trained to do here, and theyre able to use these skills working alongside NHS workers so we can expand the number of tests that can be done in any one day.

"Weve all been trained in this particular skill set, theres a need for it now and this is the time for us to step up. Were in the privileged position of being able to help and therefore we are."

Dr. Jill Shepherd, a lecturer in stem cell biology at the university, added: "The first thing I think most people in bio-sciences wanted to do is come forward and see what we can do. Its a great opportunity to be able to use the skills that our workforce have, the molecular biology skills that we use to produce great research science every day, to come into the labs to do something to help with something thats happening at the moment.

"Its an interesting time for us, were feeling very privileged to be a part of this and to be able to help with the effort.

"Its one of the positive things that can come out of something like this, people can work together more closely and relationships can be developed further."

The machines that have been lent to the hospitals are Quantitative PCR machines which allow tests to be undertaken to detect if the patients have coronavirus or not. Although hospitals in the county already have access to the machines, having additional ones is hoped to significantly increase the amount of tests that can be carried out each day.

Prof Mulvihill said: "These machines, which we use in our research labs on a daily basis, theyre extremely sensitive so they allow you to detect within samples a trace, or not, of nucleic acid from the virus itself. So we can identify whether or not theyve been infected with a high degree of certainty.

"Our machines will be able to increase the hospitals capacity to fulfil demand in the coming months."All five of the machines are set to be delivered to the hospitals in Kent this week, with the volunteers ready to put their hard-earned skills and research to practice.

The University of Kent is also set to begin working with Imperial College London on a research project to develop antibodies that target the novel coronavirus with the aim of developing a new therapy for COVID-19.

The research project will look to develop a potential antibody therapy, with the aim of progressing the therapy to be ready to for clinical trials. These trials will determine if the developed therapies can treat coronavirus infections including the COVID-19.

For this project, Kent will be working alongside Hong Kong University and the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, as well as Imperial College.

Positive results from this research could include vital breakthroughs in actions against the virus, putting the NHS in a stronger position and providing hope for the pandemics eventual close.

For the latest coronavirus news and advice, click here.

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How the discovery of HIV led to a transatlantic research war – PBS NewsHour

As the world struggles to constrain the new coronavirus, COVID-19, its worth remembering the discovery of another deadly, global virus HIV (or Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and a controversy that played out among the researchers who brought it to light.

Since the start of the AIDS epidemic, 32 million people have died from related illnesses and 74.9 million have become infected with HIV. Though the number of deaths has been greatly reduced over the decades, AIDS killed more than 770,000 people and infected 1.7 million people in 2018 alone.

In the 1980s, a virologist named Dr. Robert Gallo was the head of the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. He was a pioneer in the detection of infectious forms of cancer, once called human RNA tumor viruses and now known as retroviruses. Gallo and his team discovered interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which is associated with specific leukemias and lymphomas.

Gallo published a set of four papers in the journal Science in May 1984 that identified a retrovirus they called HTLV-III, a name he initially chose because he considered it to be a relative of the leukemia viruses his lab was studying. HTLV-III is better known today as HIV-I and Gallos papers correctly identified it as the cause of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In the papers, Gallo claimed to have grown the virus in large quantities in their laboratory. Only a year earlier, however, on May 20, 1983, the French virologist Luc Montagnier and his team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, had published a paper in Science identifying a retrovirus they called Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV), which they isolated from a patient with AIDS.

Soon after the Gallo papers were published, DNA analyses demonstrated that the American HIV virus and the French LAV virus were the same. What followed was a loud whisper campaign suggesting that Gallo somehow acquired the Montagnier virus by nefarious means, and used it as his own.

Matters came to a head after the development of an HIV-antibody test a huge advance in an era where we hardly understood AIDS and doctors were not yet able to precisely identify who was at risk and who was infected. The test was created at the NIH and there were great financial rewards in the offing. But who was entitled to the patent? The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Gallo) or Frances Pasteur Institute (Montagnier), or both?

To challenge the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services patent on the clinical HIV lab test, the Pasteur Institute filed a lawsuit in December 1985. The volume on this ugly war was finally dialed down in 1987 by the President Ronald Reagan and French President Franois Mitterrand, with a formal agreement to divide the scientific credit and patent royalties from all HIV work and the blood test that detected it.

The National Institutes of Health conducted an investigation and exonerated Gallo of any charges of wrongdoing, as well as proving that Gallo and his colleagues had many isolates of HIV from their own work. Yet there was a huge but to the official report: One of the samples found in the Gallo labs viral archives for 1983-1985 did originate from the Montagnier lab, which was requested by the Gallo lab and sent to them from Paris. The sample contained two viruses (it was a virus from one patient who had somehow contaminated a virus sample from another patient). Hence the sample the Montangier lab sent and that the Gallo lab was studied was actually a pooled culture. The Gallo lab admitted to inadvertently using the Montagnier sample in their pathbreaking work.

Both Gallo and Montagnier later agreed to share the title of co-discovers of the virus and they wrote several papers together describing their work in Science (Dec. 29, 2002) and the New England Journal of Medicine (Dec. 11, 2003).

For his share of the work, Gallo won the prestigious Lasker Award in 1986 (his second, having won it in 1982 for his work on retroviruses). Thereafter, the murmurings in hospitals and laboratories across the United States was that it would not be long before Stockholm called with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

But when the call came in the fall of 2008, it was only for Luc Montagnier. He shared the 2008 Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Franoise Barr-Sinoussi, who worked with him at the Pasteur Institute on HIV and with Harald zur Hausen, the discoverer of the human papillomavirus (HPV).

The scientific world was shocked to learn that the Nobel Committee snubbed Gallos work, but because those archival records are locked up until 2058, we will not know the precise argument behind this decision until most of us have shuffled off this mortal coil. Some have speculated it may have been the controversy over how Gallo obtained his viral samples that repelled the prize committee; others, more cynically, have described it as a popularity contest and that Gallo was disliked by those who had the power to grant the prize.

The old sports television series Wide World of Sports used to begin with its catch phrase: the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat. Those nine pithy words may describe the career of Gallo, whose birthday we celebrate this week. As Montagnier said when he won his Nobel Prize, It was very important to prove that HIV was the cause of AIDS, and Gallo had a very important role in that. Im very sorry for Robert Gallo.

In the broader scope of history, however, Gallos great contribution to science and society overshadows any scandal.

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How the discovery of HIV led to a transatlantic research war - PBS NewsHour

Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus – BioSpace

The genesig real-time PCR Coronavirus (COVID-2019) CE-IVD assay is validated for use on Bruker-Hain Diagnostics GenoXtract (GXT) automated nucleic acid extraction devices with associated extraction kits. Shipments to Spain, France, Germany and the UK have already started.

The genesig assay has been validated for respiratory samples (nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, sputum) on commonly available laboratory thermocyclers. The kit includes all necessary reagents to produce up to 96 results in under two hours. The genesig assay is designed for very high specificity for the 2019-nCoV virus strain that is implicated in COVID-19. The genesig test is CE-IVD marked and intended for in vitro diagnostic use in Europe.

Graham Mullis, CEO of Novacyt SA, stated: With Bruker we have found a strong distribution partner with a Microbiology & Diagnostics business that has significant reach into a large number of European infectious disease laboratories. This will help to bring our genesig test into laboratories quickly, where its diagnostic results can help to prevent the further spreading of COVID-19.

Dr. Wolfgang Pusch, Executive Vice President Microbiology & Diagnostics at Bruker Daltonics, commented: Bruker is joining the fight against COVID-19. In combination with our validated GenoXtract (GXT) products for nucleic acid extraction, we now offer a solution for preparation and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We have also seen accelerated orders of our MALDI Biotyper systems from Chinese CDC laboratories, e.g. to rule in or out bacterial infections in severe respiratory disease.

About Bruker-Hain Diagnostics

Bruker-Hain Diagnostics is focused on Molecular Diagnostics (MDx) products within Brukers Microbiology & Diagnostics business. Hain Lifescience GmbH is the legal manufacturer of the Fluorocycler XT, MTBDR 2.0 assay and of GXT nucleic acid preparation kits. For more information, please visit, http://www.hain-lifescience.de.

About Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR)

Bruker is enabling scientists to make breakthrough discoveries and develop new applications that improve the quality of human life. Brukers high-performance scientific instruments and high-value analytical and diagnostic solutions enable scientists to explore life and materials at molecular, cellular and microscopic levels. In close cooperation with our customers, Bruker is enabling innovation, improved productivity and customer success in life science molecular research, in applied and pharma applications, in microscopy and nanoanalysis, and in industrial applications, as well as in cell biology, preclinical imaging, clinical phenomics and proteomics research and clinical microbiology. For more information, please visit: http://www.bruker.com.

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Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus - BioSpace

Scores of data released on coronavirus – Washington Times

The coronavirus pandemic has prompted colleges, think tanks, medical journals and governments to release scores of stats and studies some good, while others fail peer review.

The research touches on comparative death counts, the sneezing range of nose droplets, cigarettes and how long the deadly virus can last on a piece of plastic such as a bottle or shopping bag.

The problem with the media is the mindless reporting of cases, as more testing means more cases, most of which are asymptomatic, Steve Milloy, who researches for the Junk Science website, told The Washington Times. A lot of hysteria, not much good data.

Indeed, as more people are being tested in America, the case load is expanding and the mortality rate is dropping, to .012% from more than 3%.

Some recent scientific findings:

As the U.S. death toll approaches 1,000, The New York Times and other liberal media paint the U.S. mortality rate as near the top globally.

Not really, according to a chart created by Our World in Data at Oxford University. Founder Mark Roser crunched the mortality rate numbers on a per-capita basis, per million people, a statistic not produced by most raw data web sites. The U.S. has about 2 deaths per million, while Italy has more than 80, Spain has nearly 40 and France has 10.

Italys imposed isolation on March 9 appears to have reduced the countrys case growth rate, according to an article Tuesday in The Lancet medical journal. Before, experts estimated there would be 30,000 infections by March 15. Actual number for that date: 24,747.

We urge all countries to acknowledge the Italian lesson and to immediately adopt very restrictive measures to limit viral diffusion, ensure appropriate health-system response, and reduce mortality, which appears to be higher than previously estimated, with a crude case-fatality rate of almost 4%, the article said.

Press reports consistently say the elderly are at the highest risk from COVID-19. A study on Italys outbreak, with an epicenter the in Lombardy region, confirms this to the extreme.

According to the Italian National Institute of Healths website Epicentro, the countrys 5,019 non-health care worker death toll is almost all seniors: Age 60-69, 11%; age 70-79, 35%; age 80-89, 40%; and 90 and older, 9%. No deaths were reported for 29 years old and younger.

The New England Journal of Medicine put out a scary report. The coronavirus can live for hours on certain surfaces, with up to a 72-hour span on everyday plastic.

But Carolyn Machamer, a professor of cell biology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, says the study exaggerates.

Whats getting a lot of press and is presented out of context is that the virus can last on plastic for 72 hours, which sounds really scary, Ms. Machamer told the school. But whats more important is the amount of the virus that remains. Its less than 0.1% of the starting virus material. Infection is theoretically possible but unlikely at the levels remaining after a few days. People need to know this.

The same New England Journal study said COVID-19 droplets can remain in the air for several hours.

Dr. Machamer rebuts this. The New England Journal researchers used an aerosol spray, which produces a finer mist than the liquid from a cough or sneeze that falls to the ground.

While the New England Journal of Medicine study found that the COVID virus can be detected in the air for 3 hours, in nature, respiratory droplets sink to the ground faster than the aerosols produced in this study, she said. The experimental aerosols used in labs are smaller than what comes out of a cough or sneeze, so they remain in the air at face-level longer than heavier particles would in nature.

A Viewpoint article in The Journal of Clinical Investigation promotes antibodies as an immediate preventive measure or therapy for the sick. But as therapy, the serum must be injected soon after the infection is diagnosed.

This Viewpoint argues that human convalescent serum is an option for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease that could be rapidly available when there are sufficient numbers of people who have recovered and can donate immunoglobulin-containing serum, wrote Arturo Casadevall and Liise-anne Pirofski, both of the Johns Hopkins Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a Trump administration point-man on COVID-19, has said that antibodies stand today as the most promising viral treatment.

Drs. Casadevaill and Pirofski explain: Passive antibody therapy involves the administration of antibodies against a given agent to a susceptible individual for the purpose of preventing or treating an infectious disease due to that agent. In contrast, active vaccination requires the induction of an immune response that takes time to develop and varies depending on the vaccine recipient. Thus, passive antibody administration is the only means of providing immediate immunity to susceptible persons.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization agree that the first two signs of infections are a fever and dry cough.

Now the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology has added a new symptom: lost sense of taste.

In a Sky News report, the association of ear, nose and throat physicians said: We have also identified a new symptom (loss of sense of smell and taste) that may mean that people without other symptoms but with just the loss of this sense may have to self-isolate again to reduce the spread of the virus.

Professor Nirmal Kumarm said: In young patients, they do not have any significant symptoms such as the cough and fever but they may have just the loss of sense of smell and taste, which suggests that these viruses are lodging in the nose.

An article posted Wednesday in the publication New Science points to a new study by Jeffrey Shaman at Columbia University. He purports to document the spread of COVID-19 in China in January, the month the virus went, as they say, viral.

Mr. Shaman looked at the spread between Jan. 10 and Jan. 23 and concluded that the infected who had no or mild symptoms, or 86%, created the lions share of infected.

New Science wrote: Such undocumented cases are still contagious and the study found them to be the source of most of the viruss spread in China before the restrictions came in. Even though these people were only 55 percent as contagious as people with symptoms, the study found that they were the source of 79 per cent of further infections, due to there being more of them, and the higher likelihood that they were out and about.

A new study in The American Journal of Gastroenterology reported March 20 on a new COVID-19 symptom that might be the most important: diarrhea.

Researchers looked at early cases in Wuhan, China, and found that 99 of 204 infected residents first had symptoms of gastrointestinal distress before fever and coughing. And they had a higher incidence of mortality.

Contrarian news for cigarette smokers: A research article in the European Journal of Internal Medicine said there was no link between Chinese smokers and the severity of their COVID-19.

China is a smokers holiday with more than 50% of men puffing away, while fewer than 2% of women light up. Because the virus death rate is higher for men, a suspect factor is cigarettes.

Researchers looked at patients with severe disease and found no difference in non- and active smokers.

In conclusion, they wrote. The results of this preliminary meta-analysis based on Chinese patients suggest that active smoking does not apparently seem to be significantly associated with enhanced risk of progressing towards severe disease in COVID-19.

Junk Sciences Mr. Milloy said of all the scholarship: If you are looking for useful facts, you arent likely to find any anytime soon. Sick and vulnerable people should stay home. The Democrat-owned and operated public health community should be reamed on this. Those are my facts.

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Scores of data released on coronavirus - Washington Times

KINNEY: The foundations of socialism and capitalism | Opinion – Main Street Newspapers

At their foundations, Socialism (central planning) and Capitalism (free markets) arise from two very different, opposing views of human behavior.

The fundamental differences between the two economic models explain why. Historically, free markets have flourished and central planning has a record of abject failure.

Capitalism embraces the reality that the human race responds best to a program that rewards initiative and satisfies the self interests of the individual.

Free markets embody that philosophy believing we are all better off in an economy that allows the most people to pursue their personal goals independent from outside political pressures, regulations and directives.

Socialism requires a strong central planning element that defines the best outcomes for all the citizens regardless of the personal goals and ambitions of any individual.

Central planning is built on the idealistic model that a few well-informed and well-intentioned people in authority can build a successful economy better than one driven by the individual goals and ambitions of its citizens.

Neither Socialism nor Capitalism as implemented by its proponents functions without problems and disparities ... but the economic model which best describes and harnesses human nature has a proven record of creating wealth and the highest standards of living for its citizens.

Free market economies have proven historically to harness the power of individual goals and dreams for the maximum benefit for the maximum number of its citizens.

Central planning economies have a history of failing to produce the utopian promises of its leaders and traps more people in poverty and despair than free markets have ever done.

Socialism functions for the benefit of the ruling elite who are prospering from the hard work of others. Although motivated by their own personal self interests, they expect the citizens to be more motivated by selfless altruism foregoing personal self interest. On the other hand, Capitalism acknowledges that humans produce the best results when pursuing their own self-interests.

Ironically, studies on the subject shows that the more freedom and opportunities an economy provides, the more philanthropic its citizens. While in societies directed by authoritarian central planning efforts there is measurably less willingness by its citizens to give to charitable causes.

It is impossible for a socialist economic model of any size and complexity to function without a strong bureaucratic government. Said another way ... with minor exceptions, history reveals that to establish and maintain a socialist state, the development of a strong authoritarian government is a prerequisite.

Capitalism, at its core believes what you produce is yours .... Socialism believes what you produce is theirs.

Capitalism, at its core believes you can spend your money best .... Socialism believes they can spend it better for you.

Capitalism, at its core believes you can best define your own self-interests .... Socialism believes they know whats best for you.

Capitalism, at its core believes you preform best when pursuing your own self-interests .... Socialism believes top performance can be achieved without personal incentives.

Capitalism, at its core believes in personal property rights .... Socialism believes the government owns it all.

Capitalism, at its core believes you are smart enough to make your own decisions .... Socialism believes you need their help.

Capitalism, at its core believes in smaller government .... Socialism demands bigger government.

Capitalism, at its core prioritizes the value of each individual .... Socialism elevates the state above all.

As they say, It dont take a rocket scientist to figure out why free markets work and central planning doesnt!

Capt. Jim Kinney USN (ret) is a highly decorated 26 year veteran of Naval aviation with extensive experience in DC. He served on Gov. Huckabees presidential campaign staff. A noted international speaker, Capt. Kinney is available to speak to civic groups for special events, luncheons, dinners and retreats. Contact him at Captain5772@gmail.com

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KINNEY: The foundations of socialism and capitalism | Opinion - Main Street Newspapers

Coronavirus a ‘Clear Warning Shot’ From Nature to Humanity, Top Scientists Say – Common Dreams

While healthcare providers and government officials around the world work to slow the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and mitigate the effects of a resulting economic crisis, scientists urged authorities to also seriously consider a long-term strategy for preventing another infectious disease outbreakcalling the coronavirus a "clear warning shot" from nature.

Previous warningstaking the form of the Ebola epidemic of 2014, the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003, and MERS in 2012have gone unheeded, U.N. Environmental Program director Inger Andersen said Wednesday

"Never before have so many opportunities existed for pathogens to pass from wild and domestic animals to people," she told The Guardian, thanks to widespread habitat destruction through deforestation, mining, exploitation of animals for profit, and the climate crisis.

"Our long-term response must tackle habitat and biodiversity loss," Andersen said.

Wildfires throughout Australia and Brazilwith the latter linked to President Jair Bolsonaro's administration in the interest of ranching and agribusiness interestsrising global temperatures brought on by fossil fuel extraction, and other extreme weather caused by the climate crisis are all to blame for a loss of "wild spaces," Andersen said.

This "continued erosion," she told the outlet, "has brought us uncomfortably close to animals and plants that harbor diseases that can jump to humans."

"We are intimately interconnected with nature, whether we like it or not. If we don't take care of nature, we can't take care of ourselves." Inger Andersen, U.N. Environment Program

With 75% of infectious diseases originating from wildlife, Andersen and other experts said, increased demand for animal products around the world could be putting humans at risk for outbreaks like the coronavirus pandemic.

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The coronavirus, officially known at SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, is thought to have spread from a species of horseshoe bat to another animal in a live animal market in Wuhan, China, allowing it to spread to humans.

"The origin and pathway of the coronavirus pandemic shouldn't surprise us," World Bank environmental specialist Daniel Mira-Salama wrote last week."TheSARS epidemic in 2003jumped to humans from civet cats, sold in markets as pets and as a delicacy.MERS was transmitted to humans from camelsin 2012. Avian influenza, Nipah virus, Ebola, HIV all of these and many other Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) originated in animals and were transmitted to humansa phenomenon called zoonosis."

Ending illegal animal trades would help cut down on the spread of infectious diseases in markets, which the experts called an "ideal mixing bowl," according to The Guardian.

"We should be taking this as a clear warning shot,"Professor Andrew Cunningham of the Zoological Society of London toldThe Guardian. "It's almost always a human behavior that causes it and there will be more in the future unless we change."

A global governmental effort similar to the concrete, far-reaching government reforms to stop the climate crisis demanded by Greta Thunberg and other campaigners around the world is needed to face "the deadly impacts of collapsing ecosystems," Irish Wildlife Trust campaign officerPdraic Fogarty tweeted.

While President Donald Trump has claimed numerous times that COVID-19 "came out of nowhere" and is a crisis that "nobody expected," its emergence and spread was "not only predictable, it was predicted," Cunningham told The Guardian.

Scientists have warned for years that "there would be another viral emergence from wildlife that would be a public health threat."

Humans, particularly those in positions of power, the experts said, must now face the consequences of their appetite for illegal animal trades, extractive industry profits, and other profit-driven activities which lead to the destruction of animals' habitats around the world. Once the coronavirus pandemic is over, there must be a new focus on protecting biodiversity and wildlife.

"We are intimately interconnected with nature, whether we like it or not," Andersen said. "If we don't take care of nature, we can't take care of ourselves. And as we hurtle towards a population of 10 billion people on this planet, we need to go into this future armed with nature as our strongest ally."

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Coronavirus a 'Clear Warning Shot' From Nature to Humanity, Top Scientists Say - Common Dreams