Duke University recently announced plans to close and re-home its century-old herbarium.
But with climate change and a looming biodiversity crisis, scientists say these preserved collections of old plants are more important than ever.
Today, On Point: The hidden value of herbariums.
Kathleen Pryer, professor of biology and director of the Duke University Herbarium.
Jacquelyn Gill, associate professor of paleoecology and plant ecology, School of Biology and Ecology and Climate Change Institute.
Joyce Onyenedum, assistant professor and principal investigator at NYUs Department of Environmental Studies.
Susan Alberts, dean of natural sciences at Duke University.
Part I
MEGHNA CHAKRABARTI: What happens when a little-known place, home to great treasures, may soon have no home at all? That's the puzzle Kathleen Pryer is facing. She's a professor of biology at Duke University and she joins us today. Professor Pryer, welcome to On Point.
KATHLEEN PRYER: Hello. Thank you.
CHAKRABARTI: So what is this little-known place, home to great treasures that you care so much about?
PRYER: I wouldn't call it little-known. The Duke herbarium is perhaps the 6th largest university herbarium in the United States. And it is tied with Cornell. So it's very well known in the area of biodiversity research and climate change research, but it's stunning that now, it's being told it needs to find a better home.
CHAKRABARTI: Okay, so what, for those people who don't know, can you describe Duke's herbarium a little bit? First of all, what is a herbarium? And then what is in Duke's that's so unique and valuable, as you say, to science?
PRYER: So every herbarium is unique. It's a collection of dried plant materials that have been collected over time from various professors, students, researchers that have gone on explorations, and brought these treasures home. So no herbarium replicates what another herbarium has. It's unique to the history of Duke and the people who worked at the Duke herbarium.
And so our collection of 825,000 specimens is special only to, it's special to Duke. It's not replicated anywhere else.
CHAKRABARTI: And 825,000 specimens, is that the equivalent to the number of different species represented in the collection, or is it just specimens?
PRYER: No, it's just specimens.
CHAKRABARTI: Okay. So can you just give me a visual tour of what it looks like? How are these specimens stored? When you want to look at them, what do you see?
PRYER: Duke is also well known for a lemur center. And the lemur center is easy to sell when you have creatures with bushy tails and bright eyes.
When you walk into a herbarium, it is a room filled with steel cases. And each case holds about a thousand specimens. And so the Duke herbarium is in two different locations. One is the smallest part of the collection, is within the bio side building, which is slated to go under renovation in the next couple of years. And the larger part of the collection, 70% of the collection is housed in a, essentially, brand-new facility underneath a research building.
... And so when you open a case, you're faced with all these sheets that are stored in boulders. And so these plants, whenever they were pressed and dried, glued to these sheets, are stored according to a very special classification. So they're easy to find and you locate the cabinet you wish, and you go in and have a look at the material that you need to maybe describe a new species, maybe to look at the variation a species encompasses.
CHAKRABARTI: And so are they stored in books? Sheaths? What, how are they stored?
PRYER: The very earliest herbaria, about 500 years ago, were books. And today that stopped a long time ago. And today, specimens are glued on to archival sheets that are 11 by 17 inches. So a very standard sheet size, and in the left, in the right-hand corner of every sheet, is a label that tells you what the plant is or who collected it, when they collected it, where they collected it.
And so it represents a specific plant that existed in a place at a special time and point. And so it has absolutely unique history. An orchid in our collection, say Cypripedium, the pink lady slipper from North Carolina. Other herbaria may have, certainly have specimens of the pink lady slipper, but no one has our specimen.
And so when you look at material from across a breadth of herbaria, you begin to understand the variation within a species. Yeah so we'll talk more about what is going to happen to the Duke herbarium. Because its home is in peril. That's why we're having this conversation with you.
But Professor Pryer, I'd still, I would love to hear a little bit more about some of the remarkable specimens in the collection. I understand there's one called the Lady Gaga fern, is that right?
PRYER: Yes, indeed it is the home to the lady. 15 years ago, my lab group was very intent on listening to her music in the lab while we were looking at herbarium specimens, processing them for extracting their DNA and that sort of thing. And I hadn't heard of her, but watched her on the Grammys in 2010, and she appeared in a costume that was so remarkable in that it looked exactly like the sexual stage of a fern gametophyte. And ferns are what I study.
And so I began to understand more about her music and what she stood for and so we named a group of ferns that is endemic to Southeastern United States and Central America. It was a group of ferns that needed a new name. And we gave it the name Gaga because of her voice as a champion for justice, for compassion and right to individual expression.
CHAKRABARTI: That's a beautiful story. And is there also a genetic component here? Because in terms that you were extracting DNA and looking, obviously, at what the DNA revealed. And please correct me if I'm wrong, but I understand that there was also like maybe a section of DNA that was GHEA.
PRYER: So that was the most unexpected part. Was that as DNA is made up of four nucleotides, ACGT, and they occur in random order.
But when we had the sequence data, all aligned at 1 point in a certain gene, there was a molecular signature where the nucleotides G, Alined up for all 19 species of the Gaga fern. And so the closest relatives and that area did not spell out Gaga. They spelled out something else. And so that was taken as a signal to us that we were doing the right thing.
CHAKRABARTI: I love that. I love that story. So let me ask you, what brought you, what made you fall in love with botany and the study of plants and took you to a place where you began, you were the director of, you are still the director of the Duke University Herbarium.
PRYER: I grew up in northern Quebec in Canada, surrounded by nature.
So I've always been fond of going out in the woods and looking at things. And my undergraduate career at McGill University, I was focused on becoming an animal behaviorist. Because I was thrilled with Jane Goodall and her stories and you could major at the time in animal behavior, which I signed up for.
But in my senior year, I took a botany course and the whole trajectory of my life changed. I found my people.
CHAKRABARTI: What is going to happen to Duke's herbarium? When I said earlier that it could soon no longer have a home, what has Duke said it wants to do with this collection?
PRYER: I don't think it really knows. So Duke is celebrating its 100th centennial and this collection is the same age as the university. It's a collection that's been built over a hundred years and it's very well-known across the world for the diversity of plants that we have, not only from a regional area, but also from a global perspective. Especially the neotropics. And it suddenly, we have been taking good care of it for 100 years and we are seeing now as not no longer being a place that should be a steward of such a treasure. It should go somewhere else. And this is rather unbelievable, because it really doesn't need much in order to survive.
The collection I told you about, the 70% of the collection that is in the newer facility, cost a million dollars to refurbish and that money came from NSF and Duke 15 years ago. And that collection is on a mobile carriage system, like you have in library, so you can compact the rows, and the plants are perfectly happy there.
They don't need watering. They just are safe and secure. And it's really a puzzle to us why that facility, which people who visit us marvel at. And wish that they had something so spectacular, that we have to go. And there is no place where it can go, where it could be accepted in its entirety at the present.
And so the idea of it being rifled through and bits and pieces sent to various places, it's actually quite horrific to us.
CHAKRABARTI: So to be clear, Duke is saying that it no longer, the university no longer feels that it's the best place for this herbarium and the implication there being that the space that the herbarium occupies may be better suited for other purposes.
We'll hear from some quotes from a university representative a little bit later in the show, but it really brings home this question, like in modern science, in a modern university, like there's costs and benefits to everything a university undertakes. And how to best balance that is now being played out with the story of Duke University's Herbarium, and we'll have a lot more when we come back. This is On Point.
Go here to read the rest:
The hidden value of herbariums | On Point - WBUR News
- AACR 2024 Plenary: New Insights Into Early Cancer Biology - American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Students create 3 D skulls in project funded by Costello award connecting biology, computer science and art | Fredonia ... - Fredonia.edu - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Seed Health launches computational biology platform to expand pipeline beyond the gut - NutraIngredients-usa.com - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Analytics for Spatial Biology: DNA and RNA Imaging - LCGC Chromatography Online - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Here's what I teach my students about finding jobs in marine biology and conservation - Southern Fried Science - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Biology, not technology, will save the planet | Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber - Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Bonobos are more aggressive than previously thought - EurekAlert - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Debating sex and gender: Whose 'biological reality' is it anyway? - The Boston Globe - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Why detecting the earliest biological signs of Parkinson's disease is so crucial - Scope - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Cicada experts and resources available from UWMadison - University of Wisconsin-Madison - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Iconic savanna mammals face genetic problems due to fences and roads - EurekAlert - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Advice to a Young Mathematical Biologist - University of Birmingham - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- New project explores warfare in animal societies - EurekAlert - April 15th, 2024 [April 15th, 2024]
- Unheard of in Structural Biology New Research Unveils Enzymatic Keys to Immune System Regulation - SciTechDaily - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Pygmy Slow Lorises Are Born at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute - Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology... - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- VespAI: a deep learning-based system for the detection of invasive hornets | Communications Biology - Nature.com - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Inside the new Seattle Hub for Synthetic Biology, which uses DNA to 'record biology over time' - GeekWire - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- The Biology of Kindness review: Living well and prospering - New Scientist - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- UND biologist explains composition of dirt to kids - UND Today - UND Blogs and E-Newsletters - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- In the evolution of walking, the hip bone connected to the rib bones - EurekAlert - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Synaptic ribbon dynamics after noise exposure in the hearing cochlea | Communications Biology - Nature.com - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Biologist Beth Shapiro on the 'de-extinction' of woolly mammoths - STAT - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- MCC students inducted into new honor society geared toward biology - Mohave Valley News - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- FRIDAY FACULTY FEATURE: Boente's Biology Background the Rock Online - The Rock Online - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Measuring the Intelligence of a Cell - University of California San Diego - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Shy sea anemones are more likely to survive heatwaves - EurekAlert - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Akoya Biosciences Showcases Spatial Biology 2.0 Solutions at AACR Annual Meeting with Case Studies ... - GlobeNewswire - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- BD Increases Access to Cutting-Edge Image-Enabled, Spectral Cell Sorters - BioSpace - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- We've had bird evolution all wrong - EurekAlert - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Altered brain morphology and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women - EurekAlert - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- BPGbio Presents Key Advances in its Oncology Pipeline related to the NAi Interrogative Biology Platform - StreetInsider.com - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- Research Technician in the Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dr. Kristin Gunsalus job with NEW YORK ... - Times Higher Education - April 7th, 2024 [April 7th, 2024]
- The Road to Biology 2.0 Will Pass Through Black-Box Data - Towards Data Science - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Nobel-winning biologist on the most promising ways to stop ageing - New Scientist - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- How to better research the possible threats posed by AI-driven misuse of biology - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Fired Biology Professor Fights Back and Wins, Has a Message For Fellow Christians - CBN.com - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Understanding Reductionism and ID - Discovery Institute - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- All creatures great and small: Sequencing the blue whale and Etruscan shrew genomes - University of Wisconsin-Madison - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Seeing Double: USU Biologist Carl Rothfels is Developing Novel Polyploid Phylogenetics Tools - Utah State University - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Department of Biology Special Seminar: Angela Hancock - The Hub at Johns Hopkins - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- New Imaging Tool Advances Study of Lipid Biology - University of California San Diego - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Saving Biology With Blue Biotechnology - The Maritime Executive - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- The Human Element: For Student Scientists, Learning to Place Biology in Social Context - Tufts Now - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- A theoretical framework to improve the adoption of green Integrated Pest Management tactics | Communications Biology - Nature.com - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Advancing the scale of synthetic biology via cross-species transfer of cellular functions enabled by iModulon engraftment - Nature.com - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- A.I. Is Learning What It Means to Be Alive - The New York Times - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- This Towson University senior found her purpose in biology - Technical.ly - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- W&M Experiential Courses Bring Biology to Life and Transform the Student Experience - WYDaily - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Professor of Biology/Zoology/Physiology (Tenure-Track) job with BLACKBURN COLLEGE | 37620424 - The Chronicle of Higher Education - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Generative AI in Biology Market Poised for Remarkable Growth, to Surpass USD 346.9 Billion by 2032, - PharmiWeb.com - March 19th, 2024 [March 19th, 2024]
- Advancements in Understanding the Immune System Biology: Research Contributions - Medriva - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Developing Cancer Therapies at the Intersection of Chemistry and Biology - American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Recent Advances in the Understanding of MCL Biology - Cancer Network - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Biological Mechanism of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Discovered - The Hearing Review - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Genomic attributes of airway commensal bacteria and mucosa | Communications Biology - Nature.com - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- UCLA Receives $4.6 Million Grant from The Warren Alpert Foundation to Launch Computational Biology/AI Training ... - UCLA Health Connect - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Former Zookeeper Hopes to Share Passion for Biology as a Science Educator - Georgia State University News - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Uses BgRT Radiation Therapy to Target Tumor - City of Hope - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Renowned evolutionary biologist to speak for SFA's Darwin Day event | SFA - Stephen F. Austin State University - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- State biologists want you to send them owl vomit - Bangor Daily News - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Dan Bush named a pioneer member for the American Society of Plant Biology - College of Natural Sciences - Colorado State University - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Real-time simultaneous refractive index and thickness mapping of sub-cellular biology at the diffraction limit ... - Nature.com - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Letter: Unraveling the threat of misinformation in ballot biology and mountain lion hunting - Vail Daily - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Clownfish: Studying their Complex Lives and Anemone Homes | The Brink - Boston University - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Rucaparib and its major metabolite exhibit differential biological activity and synergy - News-Medical.Net - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Beyond Nature's Limits: Ethical Dilemmas in the Age of Synthetic Biology - Medium - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Biological Research And Self-driving Labs In Deep Space Supported By Artificial Intelligence - Astrobiology - Astrobiology News - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Surprising behavior in one of the least studied mammals in the world - EurekAlert - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Exploring the Role of Non-Protein Ubiquitination in Cellular Biology - Medriva - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Researchers call for antitrust measures to safeguard innovation in spatial biology - Phys.org - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Lost Loves: USU Neuroscientists Learn About Grief From Widowed Coyotes - Utah State University - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Unraveling the Complexities of Multiple Sclerosis: A New Approach to Understanding Chronic Diseases - Medriva - February 13th, 2024 [February 13th, 2024]
- Synthetic biology aims to tackle disease and give cells superpowers - Science News Explores - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- Ecological determinants of Cope's rule and its inverse | Communications Biology - Nature.com - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- New Evolution Theory Explains Why Animals Shrink Over Time - SciTechDaily - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- Biology major finds UWO perfect for college education and first professional job - UW Oshkosh Today - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- Gustavus BMB Major Earns Prestigious Accreditation - The American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ... - Gustavus Adolphus College - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- SARS-CoV-2 biology and host interactions - Nature.com - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- Biology faculty member rethinks office hours with student needs first - University Times - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]
- Penn State Altoona biology student to offer research presentation - Pennsylvania State University - January 19th, 2024 [January 19th, 2024]