All posts by medical

Cell Biology

3D Cell Culture Market Size, Share, Worth, Latest Trend, Research Insights, Overview & Industry Forecast till 2027 The Manomet Current – The…

Global 3D Cell Culture Market

3D Cell Culture is defined as a practice of growing biological cells and allow them to interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. This technique enables the cells to grow in their natural environment in an in vivo condition. Numerous techniques are used to carry out culturing of cells in all the three dimensions. 3-dimension cell culture is a man-made environment. Cells grown in 3-dimension cell culture with similar properties of cells found inside living organisms in terms of cellular characteristics & behavior.

As three-dimension cell cultures can mimic the structure, activity, as well as microenvironment of the in-vivo tissues, this technique has varied applications in the fields of regenerative medicine, drug screening, stem cell therapies, cancer research & cell biology. The extracellular matrix in three-dimension cell cultures alows cellcell communication by direct contact as in in-vivo environment by secreting cytokines & trophic factors. These factors are changed in a 2D environment which can significantly affect the cellcell communication, which in turn can alter the cell morphology & proliferation. As 2-Dimesion cultures cannot recapitulate the architecture & complex cellular matrices as in 3-Dimension cultures, this technique is gaining popularity in healthcare research industry. Also, 3D cell cultures can offer results with improved efficiency & reduce the cost of overall research and development process.

Get Request sample copy @ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/3D-Cell-Culture-Market/request-sample

The cancer and stem cell segment is anticipated to grow at the highest CAGR over the forecast period. On the basis of application, the 3D cell culture market is categorized into drug discovery & toxicology testing, cancer & stem cell research, and tissue engineering & regenerative medicine. The cancer and stem cell research segment hold the largest revenue share of the market and is projected to register the highest CAGR during this forecast period. The increase in prevalence of cancer and significant funding for cancer research are major prominent factors driving the growth of this application segment.

Lack of consistency in products is anticipated hamper growth of the global 3D cell culture market. The lack of consistency between wells & batches of cell culture are the other major challenges in the adoption of 3D cell culture. In addition, matrices made from animal tissues may contain unwanted growth factors & viruses, which could negatively affect the cell culture productivity &reproducibility.

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 crisis has resulted in nationwide lockdowns, thereby impacting every industry, Likewise, market is also affected by the pandemic. The 3D cell culture industry is facing various challenges to cope up with the demand & supply of 3D cell culture components due to the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, inconsistent &interrupted supply chain activities and availability of human resources are projected to impact the market growth. Moreover, surge in research practices for developing novel therapies against COVID-19 (Coronavirus) is serving as a huge opportunity for the key market players. Research associated with stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine has shown promising results for treating the COVID-19, this is anticipated to compensate the deleterious impact caused by lockdowns across the globe. Thus, the overall COVID-19 impact is expected to remain moderate for the prominent players in the global 3D cell culture market.

Market Segmentation

The Global 3D Cell Culture Market is categorized into product including Scaffold-based 3D Cell Cultures, (Solid Scaffolds, Hydrogels/ECM Analogs, and Micropatterned Surfaces), Scaffold-free 3D Cell Cultures (Low Attachment Plates, Hanging Drop Plates, 3D Bioreactors, 3D Petri Dishes), Microfluidics-based 3D Cell Cultures , and Magnetic & Bioprinted 3D Cell Cultures, by application market is segmented into Cancer & Stem Cell Research, Drug Discovery & Toxicology Testing, and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine. Further, market is segmented into end user such as Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Research Institutes, Cosmetics Industry, and Others.

Also, the Global 3D Cell Culture Marketis segmented into five regionssuch as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

Regional Analysis

North America led the market share in the year 2020 & accounted for the highest revenue share throughout the forecast period. Due to availability of private & government funding for the development of advanced 3D cell culture models, high healthcare spending, and the presence of a large number of universities & research organizations investigating various stem cell-based approaches. For instance, in December 2020, researchers from Mayo Clinic & Terasaki Institute, U.S., had developed visible hydrogels which can be used for the monitoring & control of hemorrhage. However, the Asia Pacific region is estimated to be the fastest-growing market due to the increase investments by various international companies in the emerging economies of this region.

Market Key Players

Various key players are listed in this report such as Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Merck KGaA, PromoCell GmbH, Corning, Inc., Greiner Bio One International GmbH, 3D Biomatrix,Lonza, Tecan Trading AG, 3D Biotek LLC, Global Cell Solutions, Inc., InSphero, etc.

Market Taxonomy

By Product

By Application

By End User

Browse full Research Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/3D-Cell-Culture-Market

About Us

QualiKet Research is a leading Market Research and Competitive Intelligence partner helping leaders across the world to develop robust strategy and stay ahead for evolution by providing actionable insights about ever changing market scenario, competition and customers. QualiKet Research is dedicated to enhancing the ability of faster decision making by providing timely and scalable intelligence. We use different intelligence tools to come up with evidence that showcases the threats and opportunities which help our clients outperform their competition.

Contact Person:

Vishal Thakur

Research Support Specialist

QualiKet Research

6060 N Central Expy #500, TX 75204, U.S.A

Email: sales@qualiketresearch.com

Website: https://qualiketresearch.com

Read this article:
3D Cell Culture Market Size, Share, Worth, Latest Trend, Research Insights, Overview & Industry Forecast till 2027 The Manomet Current - The...

Cell Biology

Could Regenerative Biology Work in Humans? – Harvard Magazine

Chop a three-banded panther worm in half, and the head and tail will swirl around as if nothing had happened. Even more astonishing, a few days later, the halves will grow to become two complete and almost indistinguishable worms.

Loeb associate professor of the natural sciences Mansi Srivastava has studied this process of healing and regeneration for more than a decade. Together with members of her research group, she has been working to uncover the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying whole-body regeneration, and tracing their evolutionary history. Understanding both these aspects of regeneration, she believes, could aid in efforts to develop the field of human regenerative medicine.

Srivastava chose to study the three-banded panther worm because this tiny, carnivorous Bermuda native is especially adept at whole-body regeneration: able to heal and then recreate an entire organism from even a small fragment of its body. Moreover, the species is sufficiently similar to planarians, worms widely studied in the field of regeneration biology, that scientists can make comparisons between the two species, whose last common ancestor lived 550 million years ago. If there are similarities in the molecular mechanisms they use to regenerate, Srivastava explains, identifying and investigating these shared elements could lead to an understanding of the fundamental principles controlling this feat.

An advance in this direction came in 2019 when her research group reported the discovery of a pioneer factor, a molecular agent responsible for initiating the cascade of genetic signals necessary for regeneration. In the moments after an injury, she explains, cells around the damaged site sound an alarm by generating proteins that activate the choreography of regeneration. But what intracellular factor causes the genes encoding those proteins to switch on? How does an incomplete animal know what is missing, and how to recreate it? Who or what decides how to proceed?

Her team probed these questions using a technique known as ATACseq that allowed them to zoom in on the structure of chromatinthe packaging material of cellular DNA. They focused on regions of the chromatin structure that opened up soon after amputation. These sites marked genes likely activated in response to injury. By analyzing the commonalities among multiple regions of open chromatin across many cells found near the damage site, Srivastava and colleagues were able to identify one such decision-maker, or factor responsible for the observed changes in the products of these activated genes. Known as EGR, the protein proved crucial for regeneration: when the researchers turned off its production, many of the genes that should have been switched on werentand the worm never regenerated.

This work provided a broad look, Srivastava says, at the early steps following amputation. Her team is currently developing a more detailed picture of these molecular events. To do so, they have applied the same analysis of the chromatin structure to individual cells of the worm. By looking at chromatin changes within single cells, they hope to learn exactly how the process that directs regeneration unfolds.

By tagging a single potentially pluripotent cell (above, at far left) with a red fluorescent protein, researchers can watch as it divides, eventually becoming a complete worm.

Courtesy of Mansi Srivastava

At the same time, Srivastava has turned her attention to the raw material the worms use to regenerate tissues, a form of adult stem cell called a neoblast. In response to amputation, these typically dormant cells wake up and undergo rapid bursts of division. A sort of cellular alchemy ensues, she explains: like embryonic stem cells, which are active during development, the neoblasts turn into neurons, muscles, skin, whatever you need. This ability to become any cell type, known as pluripotency, is a well-described feature of embryonic stem cells. But panther worms are somehow able to maintain pluripotency of neoblasts into adulthood.

By investigating the cellular origins of the worms embryonic and adult pluripotent stem cells, and characterizing the differences and similarities between the two, Srivastava hopes to learn how neoblasts persist and reawaken, and why human and other mammalian stem cells are limited in their regenerative capacities.

Using ultraviolet light to tag cells of interest and follow them during their life cycle, her team has made significant progress toward identifying the cellular lineage that gives rise to stem cells during the worms early development. We now want to use that same approach in adults, she says, to understand how the worms make and then maintain a neoblast, to keep it hanging out, happily pluripotent, in its body. I dont think my work is going to help anyone grow a limb five years from now, she adds, but I do think it could lead to an understanding of pluripotency, and how genomes are regulated during regeneration. That could lead to breakthroughs in the nascent field of human regenerative medicine.

Visit link:
Could Regenerative Biology Work in Humans? - Harvard Magazine

Cell Biology

Age-related cognitive decline may be linked to key blood cell protein – New Atlas

New research published in the journal PLOS Biology is describing the discovery of a link between cognitive decline and a protein in red blood cells. The research found mice depleted of this protein suffered from rapid cognitive decline, and a potential new anti-aging therapeutic target could be possible if the same observation can be validated in humans.

"Red blood cells have an irreplaceable function to deliver oxygen to maintain bioenergetics of every single cell within our body, explains lead author on the new study, Yang Xia. However, their function in age-related cognition and hearing function remains largely unknown.

The new research is based on the hypothesis that a progressive decrease in oxygen supply to tissues is a key factor in aging. Adenosine receptor A2B (ADORA2B) is a protein that aids the release of oxygen from red blood cells, and to test what effect reduced levels of this protein has on cognition, the researchers developed mouse models engineered to lack this vital protein.

Using a number of cognitive and physiological tests the animals were compared healthy mice. The mice lacking ADORA2B displayed faster declines in memory and hearing as they aged compared the control animals, and when the animals were deprived of oxygen in a simulated hypoxia scenario, this age-related cognitive decline accelerated even more rapidly.

The researchers hypothesize ADORA2B is vitally important at maintaining tissue oxygenation in the brain and as we age levels of the key protein decline. This means brain aging could potentially be slowed by finding ways to maintain levels of this protein.

The idea that decreasing tissue oxygenation plays a role in the onset of brain aging and cognitive decline is still unproven. However, this new research does offer some mechanism to explain prior studies finding transplanting blood from young mice into old mice improves cognition. The research also offers clues to explain how hyperbaric oxygen treatments can generate anti-aging effects.

Our findings reveal that the red blood cell ADORA2B signaling cascade combats early onset of age-related decline in cognition, memory and hearing by promoting oxygen delivery in mice and immediately highlight multiple new rejuvenating targets, adds Xia.

It is still very early days for this research avenue so dont expect a novel anti-aging treatment to stem from these findings any time soon. There are clues that very mild oxygen deprivation occurs with aging in human brains but much more work will be needed to explore how much of a role this plays in age-related cognitive decline. It is also unclear whether modulating ADORA2B in humans is a safe or effective anti-aging therapy. But nevertheless, this new discovery offers researchers a novel pathway to explore potential anti-aging treatments in the future.

The new study was published in the journal PLOS Biology.

Source: PLOS

Read this article:
Age-related cognitive decline may be linked to key blood cell protein - New Atlas

Biochemistry

Global Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2021 Segmentation, Strategy, Share, Growth Factors, Analysis and Forecast to 2026 The Manomet…

Global Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2021 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026 introduced by MarketQuest.biz contains a carefully investigated comprehensive and professional market research study that begins with a market overview and moves on to cover the growth prospects of the market during the 2021 to 2026 time period. The report focuses on top players and their business strategies, geographical extension, market segments, competitive landscape, assembling, and evaluating and cost structures. The report offers the current state of the market around the world. The report starts with the market outline and key components of the global Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers market.

The report offers the key focuses to upgrade the development in the market. Some fundamental ideas are likewise presented by reports, for example, item definition, its application, industry esteem chain structure. The report covers data relevant to new market entrants or established players. Furthermore, details of well-established contenders functioning in the global Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers market along with their product/service contributions, manufacturing process, income details, capacity, new product launches, acquisitions, partnership, and business synopsis are given in this report.

NOTE: Consumer behaviour has changed within all sectors of the society amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Industries on the other hand will have to restructure their strategies in order to adjust with the changing market requirements. This report offers you an analysis of the COVID-19 impact on the Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers market and will help you in strategising your business as per the new industry norms.

DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://www.marketquest.biz/sample-request/51923

The report also presents the market competitive landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/key players in the market:

Roche, Danaher, Siemens, Abbott, Hitachi, Horiba Medical, Mindray, ThermoFisher, Shanghai Kehua Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Senlo, Sunostik, ELITec Group, Sysmex, Jiangxi TECom, URIT Medical Electronic, Randox Laboratories, Dirui, Shenzhen Rayto, Convergent Technologies, Meizhou Cornley, Diestro, Caretium, Erba Mannheim, Hycel Medical, Idexx Laboratories, Nova Biomedical, SFRI, Medica, Shenzhen Genius Biotech Inc, Sensa Core

Each part of the analysis study is extraordinarily set up to investigate key aspects of the worldwide Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers market. The market elements segment dives profound into the drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities of the market. The study comprises primary information about the products. It also includes raw materials used and the manufacturing process of the market. The business chain structure records significant players, cost structure, material analysis, work costs, promoting channels, and downstream investigations.

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share, and growth rate of each type, primarily split into:

Electrolyte Analyzers, Biochemistry Analyzers

On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share, and growth rate for each application, including :

Hospital, Clinic, Labs, Others

Geographically, the following regions together with the listed:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America), Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)

ACCESS FULL REPORT: https://www.marketquest.biz/report/51923/global-electrolyte-and-biochemistry-analyzers-market-2021-by-manufacturers-regions-type-and-application-forecast-to-2026

Key Questions Answered In The Report:

Customization of the Report:

This report can be customized to meet the clients requirements. Please connect with our sales team (sales@marketquest.biz), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on +1-201-465-4211 to share your research requirements.

Contact UsMark StoneHead of Business DevelopmentPhone: +1-201-465-4211Email: sales@marketquest.bizWeb: http://www.marketquest.biz

See more here:
Global Electrolyte and Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2021 Segmentation, Strategy, Share, Growth Factors, Analysis and Forecast to 2026 The Manomet...

Biochemistry

Structural basis of ribosomal frameshifting during translation of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome – Science Magazine

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 critically depends on the ribosomal frameshifting that occurs between two large open reading frames in its genomic RNA for expression of viral replicase. Programmed frameshifting occurs during translation, when the ribosome encounters a stimulatory pseudoknot RNA fold. Using a combination of cryoelectron microscopy and biochemistry, Bhatt et al. revealed that the pseudoknot resists unfolding as it lodges at the entry of the ribosomal messenger RNA channel. This causes back slippage of the viral RNA, resulting in a minus-1 shift of the reading frame of translation. A partially folded nascent viral polyprotein forms specific interactions inside the ribosomal tunnel that can influence the efficiency of frameshifting.

Science, abf3546, this issue p. 1306

See more here:
Structural basis of ribosomal frameshifting during translation of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome - Science Magazine

Biochemistry

Craig Lindsley named to Medicinal Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society Hall of Fame – Vanderbilt University News

Craig Lindsley, the William K. Warren, Jr. Chair in Medicine and University Professor of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Chemistry

Craig Lindsley, the William K. Warren, Jr. Chair in Medicine and director of Vanderbilt Universitys Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, will be inducted as a member of the 2021 class of theDivision of Medicinal Chemistry Hall of Fame. MEDI is a subunit of theAmerican Chemical Society, the worlds largest scientific society and the premier home ofchemistryprofessionals.

Lindsley, the youngest inductee to the Hall of Fame, was selected because of his contributions to the field of medicinal chemistry.

This is a huge, career-defining honor and an amazing group of medicinal chemists and drug discovery scientists amongst whom to be included. This is a tremendous acknowledgement of the WCNDDs work and influence in the medicinal chemistry field, said Lindsley, also University Professor of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Chemistry. In all honesty, this honor belongs to all of my former and current colleagues from Lilly, Merck and the WCNDD. Medicinal chemistry is just one arm of successful drug discovery, and no one person can do this alone or take creditit is big team science.

Craig Lindsley is a great medicinal chemist whose impact has been recognized not only by his induction into the MEDI Hall of Fame but also by his recent appointment as editor in chief of theJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, the premier journal in the field, saidLawrence Marnett, dean of the School of Medicine Basic Sciences. He brings great credit to the Basic Sciences and to Vanderbilt, but his greatest legacy may be the contributions he is making to improving the lives of individuals suffering from neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Induction into the ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry Hall of Fame is an acknowledgement by leaders in our field that an individual scientist has had a sustained and substantial impact on research, teaching or service to the division, saidJacob Schwarz, chair of the ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry executive committee. Dr. Lindsley is a rare example of someone who embodies all three of these achievements: from his early career work in the pharmaceutical industry, to his current role as educator and research mentor and finally as an ad hoc member of the MEDI executive committee. Dr. Lindsley has become well-known in our scientific community thanks to his tireless efforts both as author and editor, advancing the field of neuroscience drug discovery through research and training and by being an active social media presence highlighting exciting new developments.

Other 2021 MEDI Hall of Fame inductees areEdward Roberts, professor of molecular medicine and Scripps Research, andAnabella Villalobos, medicinal chemist and senior pharmaceutical executive at Biogen. Inductees are selected annually from nominations submitted by MEDI members and who have previously received theEdward E.Smissman Award, theDivision of Medicinal Chemistry award, an ACSGlaxoSmithKline Alfred Burger Awardor anE. B. Hershberg Award.

The 2021 Hall of Fame inductees will be recognized at the ACS National Meeting in Atlanta on Aug. 22, 2021.

Original post:
Craig Lindsley named to Medicinal Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society Hall of Fame - Vanderbilt University News

Biochemistry

Metabolomics Reagents Market to Witness Robust Expansion by 2028 with Top Key players like Kerafast, Nitto Boseki, BD, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry …

The report scope furnishes vital statistics about the current Metabolomics Reagents market status and key companies. It analyzes the in-depth business by considering different aspects, directions for companies, and strategies in the industry. After analyzing the report and all the aspects of the new investment projects, it is assessed the overall research and closure offered.The report also summarizes the various types of Metabolomics Reagents Market factors that influence the market growth of particular product category type and market status for it. A detailed study of the Metabolomics Reagents Market has been done to understand the various applications of the usage and features of the product. Readers looking for scope of growth with respect to product categories can get all the desired information over here, along with supporting figures and facts.

The report additionally provides a PESTEL analysis along with the SWOT analysis for all companies profiled in the report. The report also consists of various company profiles and their key players; it also includes the competitive scenario, opportunities, and market of geographic regions. The regional outlook on the Metabolomics Reagents market covers areas such as Europe, Asia, China, India, North America, and the rest of the globe.

Top Key Companies:Kerafast, Nitto Boseki, BD, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, Randox Laboratories Limited, Biosino, Luxcel Biosciences, Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology, Pointe Scientific, Biovision, Abbott, Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck[PDF] Get Latest Sample Report of Global Metabolomics ReagentsMarket 2021-2028: https://www.lexisbusinessinsights.com/request-sample-220167

The report has segmented Market 2021?2028 into different components on the basis of products, Application, geography and end users wherever needed. With thorough analysis and detailed study of past, present and future market 2017?2028 conditions, the report is able to deliver factual and reliable information to the users.

By Region / Countries

Key questions answered in the report include:

Our Research Experts have made this insightful report on Metabolomics Reagentsmarket, which is available for user on the site of Market Research Vision. The report carries various factors and elements of the industry in picture, all around the globe, be it its potential or probable threat to its growth or simply the way and method of its functioning during covid-19.

Reasons for Buying this Report:

TABLE OF CONTENT:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Metabolomics Reagents Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 United States

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2015-2028

14 Analyst?s Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

Feel free with your queries to get a call from our research expert @ https://www.lexisbusinessinsights.com/request-sample-220167

About Lexis Business Insights Market Research:

Lexis Business Insights is one of the top resellers of market research reports, including market intelligence, data solutions, competitive positioning, and custom intelligence to an array of organizations globally. Our customer portfolio includes business organizations from fortune 500 companies, SME?s, start-ups, financial technology start-ups, and venture capitalists. We have an exhaustive database of market research reports provided by more than 20 leading publishers across different industry verticals.

We provide tailored solutions that can be utilized to solve business challenges and problems faced by organizations in different regions. Additionally, our bouquet of solutions assists enterprises in strategic planning and staying ahead of the competition while getting access to extensive market forecast and trend mapping over the future course of time. In addition to the market forecast and other vital components of the market analysis, our reports include in-depth micro-macro analysis of the market, which aids the customers in analyzing the market ecosystem, thus assisting in the existing and new players in the development of strategic plans.Contact Us:James(Key Account Manager)

US: +1 210 907 4145

6851 N Loop

1604 W San Antonio,

TX 78249

sales@lexisbusinessinsights.com

http://www.lexisbusinessinsights.com

Visit link:
Metabolomics Reagents Market to Witness Robust Expansion by 2028 with Top Key players like Kerafast, Nitto Boseki, BD, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry ...

Cell Biology

Who’s to Die and Who’s to Live: Mechanical Cue Is at the Origin of Cell Death Decision – SciTechDaily

In many species including humans, the cells responsible for reproduction, the germ cells, are often highly interconnected and share their cytoplasm. In the hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, up to 500 germ cells are connected to each other in the gonad, the tissue that produces eggs and sperm. These cells are arranged around a central cytoplasmic corridor and exchange cytoplasmic material fostering cell growth, and ultimately produce oocytes ready to be fertilized.

In past studies, researchers have found that C. elegans gonads generate more germ cells than needed and that only half of them grow to become oocytes, while the rest shrinks and die by physiological apoptosis, a programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Now, scientists from the Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden (BIOTEC), the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), the Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL) at the TU Dresden, the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), the Flatiron Institute, NY, and the University of California, Berkeley, found evidence to answer the question of what triggers this cell fate decision between life and death in the germline.

Hydraulic instabilities dictate the volumes of germ cells and balloons Left: Picture of two balloons connected through a central tube, any new air coming through the white pipe will inflate the red balloon rather than the blue one. Right: Spinning-disk confocal image of interconnected C. elegans germ cells. Cortical actin showing the cell cortex is labelled in magenta and myosin, delineating the germ cells openings through which both cells exchange cytoplasmic material, is labelled in green. Credit: TU Dresden

Prior studies revealed the genetic basis and biochemical signals that drive physiological cell death, but the mechanisms that select and initiate apoptosis in individual germ cells remained unclear. As germ cells mature along the gonad of the nematode, they first collectively grow in size and in volume homogenously. In the study just published in Nature Physics, the scientists show that this homogenous growth suddenly shifts to a heterogenous growth where some cells become bigger and some cells become smaller.

The researcher Nicolas Chartier in the group of Stephan Grill, and co-first author of the study, explains: By precisely analyzing germ cell volumes and cytoplasmic material fluxes in living worms and by developing theoretical modeling, we have identified a hydraulic instability that amplifies small initial random volume differences, which causes some germ cells to increase in volume at the expense of the others that shrink. It is a phenomenon, which can be compared to the two-balloon instability, well known of physicists. Such an instability arises when simultaneously blowing into two rubber balloons attempting to inflate them both. Only the larger balloon will inflate, because it has a lower internal pressure than the smaller one, and is therefore easier to inflate.

This is what is at play in the selection of germ cells: such pressure differences tend to destabilize the symmetric configuration with equal germ cell volumes, so-called hydraulic instabilities, leading to the growth of the larger germ cell at the expense of the smaller one. By artificially reducing germ cell volumes via thermoviscous pumping (FLUCS method: focused-light-induced cytoplasmic streaming), the team demonstrated that the reduction in cell volumes leads to their extrusion and cell death, indicating that once a cell is below a critical size, apoptosis is induced and the cell dies.

By using confocal imaging, the researchers could image the full organism of the living worm to receive a global and precise picture of the volumes of all the gonad cells, as well as the exchange of fluids between the cells. Stephan Grill, Speaker of the Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL) and supervisor of the multidisciplinary work, adds These findings are very exciting because they reveal that the life and death decision in the cells is of mechanical nature and related to tissue hydraulics. It helps to understand how the organism auto-selects a cell that will become an egg. Furthermore, the study is another example of the excellent cooperation between biologists, physicists and mathematicians in Dresden.

Reference: A hydraulic instability drives the cell death decision in the nematode germline by Nicolas T. Chartier, Arghyadip Mukherjee, Julia Pfanzelter, Sebastian Frthauer, Ben T. Larson, Anatol W. Fritsch, Rana Amini, Moritz Kreysing, Frank Jlicher and Stephan W. Grill, 20 May 2021, Nature Physics.DOI: 10.1038/s41567-021-01235-x

Read more:
Who's to Die and Who's to Live: Mechanical Cue Is at the Origin of Cell Death Decision - SciTechDaily

Cell Biology

Bruker Launches timsTOF trueSCP for Unbiased Single Cell 4D-Proteomics and Next-gen timsTOF Pro 2 with Unprecedented Proteomic Depth – Business Wire

BILLERICA, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--At Brukers virtual 4D-Proteomics eXceed Symposium (eXceed Symposia 2021 | Bruker), Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR) today announced the launch of two new timsTOF instruments. They further advance and enable new applications and methods in unbiased proteomics, epiproteomics/PTM characterization, and unbiased, deep multiomic biomarker discovery, for example in cancer liquid biopsy research. Brukers collaborators are making major progress in unbiased single cell proteomics, phosphoproteomics and plasma proteomics, leveraging the speed, sensitivity and dynamic range of large-scale CCS-enabled 4D-Proteomics and 4D-Epiproteomics.

At the end of 2020, a breakthrough paper by the Mann-group demonstrated unbiased, true single-cell proteomics on over 1,400 protein groups on a timsTOF R&D prototype to address new quantitative questions in single-cell biology and pathobiology.1 Bruker has accelerated its product development and today launches the ultra-high sensitivity timsTOF trueSCP system for unbiased, quantitative single-cell 4D-Proteomics, and for ultra-sensitive neoantigen discovery in immunopeptidomics.

Since its introduction in 2017, the timsTOF Pro system has offered researchers new capabilities in unbiased CCS-enabled 4D-Proteomics, typically on 5x-20x lower sample amounts and with 3x-5x faster run times for single shot, deep proteomics - with higher throughput and unprecedented robustness.

With the introduction of the next-generation timsTOF Pro 2, Bruker continues the revolution in CCS-enabled 4D-Proteomics, as well as in 4D-Epiproteomics, defined here broadly as the characterization of all protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs). The timsTOF Pro 2 offers deeper proteome coverage of >6,000 protein groups and >60,000 unique peptides in 60 minute gradients on 200 ng HeLa digests. It also achieves good depth of proteome and epiproteome coverage at 10x lower amounts, e.g., with ~4,000 proteins and ~30,000 peptides on 20 ng digests. The outstanding timsTOF Pro 2 sensitivity significantly enhances methods to detect post-translational modificiations (PTMs), such as phosphoproteomics and ubiquitination studies, for CCS-enabled, unbiased, large-scale 4D-Epiproteomics, which is tremendously important in physiology, cell biology and disease biology, especially in cancer.

Bruker also announced new capabilities in PaSER real-time search software for 4D-Proteomics. The new PaSER 2022 offers large-scale CCS-enabled bioinformatics, leveraging the unique tims/PASEF methods. For example, the new TIMScore increases the confidence of peptide IDs by leveraging the fourth dimension of large-scale collision cross sections (CCS) on all measured peptides. Increased confidence using CCS reduces ambiguities of redundant peptide sequences - resulting in more protein group and unique peptide identifications based on the same FDR threshold.

Frank H. Laukien, Bruker President and CEO, commented: I believe that the timsTOF trueSCP is a revolutionary new tool for unbiased, deep and quantitative single-cell biology that is complementary to scRNA-seq. In the future, basic research in single-cell biology and pathogenesis will greatly benefit from having both eyes open in gene expression, by combining transcriptomics with unbiased, deep and quantitative proteomics and epiproteomics data for multiomic biomarker panels.

Dr. Laukien continued: In liquid biopsies there is an unmet clinical need for greater cancer stage I/II detection sensitivity and improved positive predictive values, as well as for earlier detection of therapy resistance. For integrated multiomic deep learning in both, cancer cell genomics and epiproteomics, as well as in host immune response and tumor microenvironment, unbiased proteomics and PTMs are highly complementary to NGS for achieving further major progress in PPV for the benefit of patients.

A. timsTOF trueSCP Launch

The timsTOF trueSCP is the culmination of a collaboration with the laboratory of Professor Matthias Mann at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany, and with Evosep on new Whisper methods at ultra-low flow rates of ~100 nL/min.

The timsTOF trueSCP achieves 5 times higher ion transmission for data-independent dia-PASEF, or parallel reaction monitoring prm-PASEF methods. The dia-PASEF 2 method has demonstrated true, unbiased 4D-Proteomics from single cells 1 with quantitation of ~1,500 proteins/cell, in hundreds of isolated single cells ex situ, in combination with the Evosep One LC with Whisper. The timsTOF trueSCP is a dedicated ultra-high sensitivity instrument for unbiased single cell proteomics, after laser capture microdissection of one or a few cells, as well as for ultra-sensitive neoantigen discovery in immunopeptidomics in the field of immunooncology research. With the timsTOF trueSCP, a system is now available to expand the single-cell biology horizons beyond genomics and transcriptomics to unbiased, quantitative 4D-Proteomics.

Quantitative biology can now be done also with unbiased single cell proteomics, as cells at different stages in the growth cycle have a protein core with sufficient copy numbers to observe statistically relevant changes in abundance, when compared to sparse mRNA copy numbers.

Professor Matthias Mann commented: I always said that single cell proteomics would not happen in my lifetime, but Im happy to have been proven wrong. Single-cell technologies are revolutionizing biology but are today mainly limited to imaging and deep sequencing. However, proteins are the main drivers of cellular function and in-depth characterization of individual cells by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics using instrumentation like the timsTOF trueSCP will be highly complementary. Our laboratory has been very pleased with the collaboration with Bruker, and I congratulate the Bruker team on the rapid commercialization of the novel timsTOF trueSCP technology.

B. Next-generation timsTOF Pro 2 Launch

The timsTOF Pro 2 is the new proteomics workhorse for robust, unbiased, deep and quantitative 4D-Proteomics and 4D-Epiproteomics for plasma, tissue samples and from cell cultures. Further design advances combined with enhanced dda-PASEF, dia-PASEF and prm-PASEF methods deliver industry-leading performance, with unparalleled robustness and throughput. The timsTOF Pro 2 allows the detection of > 6,000 proteins and > 60,000 peptides by dda-PASEF with 60 minute gradients on 200 ng of digest. It also has new high sensitivity methods that enable very good proteome coverage with 10x less digest, down to 20 ng, for >3,500 protein groups and >25,000 unique peptides using a 30 minute gradient. dia-PASEF workflows on timsTOF Pro 2 include an improved interface for designing experiments, and can now identify ~8,000 protein groups and 70,000 peptides in 60 minutes on 200 ng of digests.

These timsTOF Pro 2 performance improvements are important for 4D-Epiproteomics, and particularly phosphoproteomics. Phosphorylation is key to signaling and is often mis-regulated in cancer and other diseases. Phosphopeptides are enriched prior to analysis, and researchers often started with several milligrams of biological material to isolate a sufficient quantity of phosphopeptides for analysis. As shown by Professor Stefan Tenzer at the Institute for Immunology of the University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, with the timsTOF Pro 2 it is now possible to start from just 150 ug of protein and identify 27,768 unique phosphopeptides. In particular, 457 co-eluting positional phosphorylation isomers were resolved by the combination of TIMS and PASEF. Even with 25 ug of protein, >4,400 phosphopeptides can be reproducibly identified, paving the way toward phosphoproteomics on needle biopsies.

Professor Tenzer stated: Besides its high sensitivity, a unique aspect of the TIMS technology is its capability to resolve positional phosphorylation isomers in the gas phase by ion mobility, thus providing more detailed insights into signaling pathways.

Sensitivity is absolutely crucial in immunopeptidomics, and Professor Janne Lehti of the Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, added: We have been impressed with the performance of the timsTOF Pro. In particular, the speed and sensitivity of the instrument enable us to see more immunopeptides from limited amounts of starting material, which we expect to be particularly valuable for neoantigen discovery and the development of personalized therapies for cancer immunooncology treatments.

C. New PaSER Capabilities

New functionalities of PaSER 2022 include: MOMA Viewer, real-time de novo peptide sequencing and TIMScore for unbiased 4D-Proteomics, in addition to Run & Done search.

Sebastian Vaca, PhD, Research Scientist in the Carr Lab at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, explained: Real-time results by PaSER on our timsTOF Pro have been a huge time saver. They allows us to develop methods faster, inform on LC and instrument performance, and provide a major gain in the efficiency of proteomics and PTM research.

PaSER now has a MOMA (mobility offset mass aligned) viewer to characterize co-eluting isomeric or isobaric ions by large-scale CCS. The GPU-based search has been extended into immunoproteomics. Working with Professor Tony Purcell and Bioinformatics Solutions Inc., the ability to perform real-time de novo sequence assignment delivers new capabilities for novel neoantigen discovery.

Finally, PaSER 2022 incorporates a new CCS-enabled database search algorithm, called TIMScore, developed together with Professor John Yates, and driven by machine learning. TIMScore becomes the first fundamentally CCS-enabled database search algorithm, increasing the number of protein and peptides identified, while maintaining FDR control and real-time search speeds.

About Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR)

Bruker is enabling scientists to make breakthrough discoveries and develop new applications that improve the quality of human life. Brukers high performance scientific instruments and high value analytical and diagnostic solutions enable scientists to explore life and materials at molecular, cellular and microscopic levels. In close cooperation with our customers, Bruker is enabling innovation, improved productivity and customer success in life science molecular and cell biology research, in applied and pharma applications, in microscopy and nanoanalysis, as well as in industrial applications. Bruker offers differentiated, high-value life science and diagnostics systems and solutions in preclinical imaging, clinical phenomics research, proteomics and multiomics, spatial and single-cell biology, functional structural and condensate biology, as well as in clinical microbiology and molecular diagnostics. For more information, please visit: http://www.bruker.com.

More here:
Bruker Launches timsTOF trueSCP for Unbiased Single Cell 4D-Proteomics and Next-gen timsTOF Pro 2 with Unprecedented Proteomic Depth - Business Wire

Cell Biology

Braintale Appoints Industry Leaders Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas and Nitza Thomasson to Its Board of Directors – BioSpace

We welcome both Spyros and Nitza as international recognized leaders in their respective fields who will help us expand our strategic vision and grow Braintale internationally as they deeply understand our science-based approach and the entrepreneur journey said Julie Rachline, CEO. We are thrilled to complement our board with such distinguished experts, and we are looking forward to a fruitful collaboration comments Vincent Perlbarg, president.

Professor Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas, a molecular biologist and developmental geneticist, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School. He is the founding Director of the Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program at Harvard Medical School. He joined the Yale faculty in 1981 in the Department of Biology and in 1989 was concurrently, Professor at the Department of Cell Biology at the Yale School of Medicine and served as the Director of the Biological Sciences Division at Yale. He was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator from 1987 to 1998 when he left for Harvard, where he was appointed Professor of Cell Biology. In 1999 he was elected Professor at the Collge de France, in Paris, holding the Chair of Biology and Genetics of Development until 2012 when he became Professeur honoraire. He is the Founding Director of the Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology at Institut Curie, Paris, 2007-2009.

From 2012 to March 2017, he served as Chief Scientific Officer and Executive Vice President at Biogen Inc.

He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an associate member of EMBO, and a corresponding member of the Academy of Athens and a member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. He is the co- founder and President of Fondation Sante a charitable organization supporting Biomedical research in Greece and a co-founder of the Biotechnology companies Exelixis, Cellzome and Anadys.

Dr Nitza Thomasson is the co-founder of Gensight Biologics (Gene therapy for ophthalmologic diseases) and BrainEver (Advanced medicinal products to treat neurodegenerative diseases). After a post doc at Northwestern & Rush University (Chicago, USA), she joined the pharma industry to develop medicines for neurologic and psychiatric disorders at Servier. Then she moved to the biotech world, joining Fovea Pharma in 2009, that became Ophthalmology Division of Sanofi. She contributed to the start of Tissium (2014 - Head of Development), while co-founding GenSight Biologics (2013 - Preclinical and CMC Officer), then BrainEver (2015 - Chief Operating Officer). In 2018, Nitza founded NtzConsulting.

Nitza is also Venture Partner at OmnesCapital. She is board member to support innovation and growth in the healthcare company portfolio.

About Braintale Braintale is an innovative company opening a new era in medicine by providing physicians with clinically validated prognostic solutions for the management of brain injured patients through sensitive and reliable measurements of brain white-matter microstructure alterations. Building on more than 15 years in clinical development, Braintales products are developed collaboratively to address medical need and fulfill expectations of healthcare professionals and patients alike.Since its inception in 2018, the company has set up a complete quality management system and is now ISO :13485 :2016 certified, with a suite of products available on the European market.For more information, please visit http://www.braintale.fr

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210603005591/en/

Excerpt from:
Braintale Appoints Industry Leaders Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas and Nitza Thomasson to Its Board of Directors - BioSpace