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Genetics

The global animal genetics market is projected to reach USD 7.7 billion by 2026 from USD – GlobeNewswire

New York, June 14, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Animal Genetics Market by Products Genetic Testing ) - Global Forecast to 2026" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06094510/?utm_source=GNW On the other hand, the shortage of skilled professionals in veterinary research, and emergence of alternatives like lab-based meat are some factors restraining market growth.

The live animals accounted for the largest share of the animal genetics market in 2020.Based on products and services, the animal genetics market has been segmented into live animals, genetics materials, and animal genetic testing services.The factors attributing to the large revenue of the live animals segment include the high demand for live animals for breeding purposes.

The introduction of disease-resistant animals has further boosted the demand for live animals, as they are economically viable for owners and increase their profitability.

The market in Asia Pacific is projected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period (20212026).Europe accounted for the largest share of the animal genetics market in 2020. Better accessibility to technologies and well-established distribution channels, the growing demand for livestock food products, high intake of animal-derived proteins, and increasing animal welfare activities in the developed countries of Europe and North America account for their larger market shares.

A breakdown of the primary participants referred to for this report is provided below: By Company Type (Supply-side): Tier 1: 25%, Tier 2: 35%, and Tier 3: 40% By Designation: C-level: 20%, Director-level: 55%, and Managers: 25% By Region: North America: 40%, Europe: 25%, Asia-Pacific: 20%, Latin America: 10% and Middle East & Africa: 5%The major players in the animal genetics market include Neogen Corporation (US), Genus (UK), URUS (US), EW Group (Germany), Groupe Grimaud (France), CRV Holding (Netherlands), Topigs Norsvin (Netherlands), Zoetis (US), Envigo (US), Hendix Genetics (Netherlands), Animal Genetics (US), VetGen (US), DanBred (Denmark), Tropical Bovine Genetics (India), Trans Ova Genetics (US), Inguran LLC dba ST Genetics (US), Semex Alliance (Canada), Genetic Veterinary Sciences (US), Cobb-Vantress (US), Milk Source (US), Eurogene AI Services (Ireland).

Research Coverage:The report analyzes the animal genetics market and aims at estimating the market size and future growth potential of this market based on various segments such as product and services, and region. The report also includes competitive analysis of the key players in this market along with their company profiles, product and service offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Reasons to Buy the ReportThe report can help established firms as well as new entrants/smaller firms to gauge the pulse of the market, which, in turn, would help them garner a greater share. Firms purchasing the report could use one, or a combination of the below mentioned five strategies.

This report provides insights into the following pointers: Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the animal genetics market. The report analyzes the market based on the products and services, and region. Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research and development activities, and product launches in the animal genetics market. Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets. The report analyzes the markets for various types of animal genetics solutions across regions. Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about products, untapped regions, recent developments, and investments in the animal genetics market. Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, distribution networks, and manufacturing capabilities of the leading players in the animal genetics markets.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06094510/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The global animal genetics market is projected to reach USD 7.7 billion by 2026 from USD - GlobeNewswire

Genetics

Rapid Genetic Testing May Have Spared This Baby From Death – MedPage Today

For an infant with seizures, every passing hour risks more harm to the newborn's brain.

That's why this story from Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego is so inspiring, not just for parents and their children, but for doctors and geneticists.

It shows the huge progress since the start of the Human Genome Project 30 years ago, not only in faster sequencing of 3.2 billion base pairs, but the ability to convert that information into a diagnosis. This case, which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, is one that was easy and inexpensive to treat.

The ordeal began one Sunday night in October 2020 when a frightened couple took their 41-day-old child to Rady's emergency department (ED) because he wouldn't stop crying. The same thing happened to their newborn daughter 10 years earlier, before genetic testing was as advanced. The sister deteriorated rapidly and died before her first birthday. Would her brother have the same dire course?

'This Is Why I Chose Genetics'

"This [baby] is exactly the reason I chose biogenetics," said Anna-Kaisa Niemi, MD, who is both a Rady neonatologist and metabolic geneticist. "You always try to find the defect and the diagnosis and if you do, you're able to start treatment fast. But it's never happened this fast before."

Late that October night, a head CT showed worrisome changes and an MRI revealed concerning white patterns in the infant's basal ganglia. The ED team transferred the baby to the hospital's NICU. When Niemi arrived Monday morning, the child was still crying.

"It wasn't a hungry cry, or 'my diapers are dirty' cry, or even 'I have a broken bone' cry. It was non-stop, inconsolable crying, like something is very wrong in the brain," Niemi told MedPage Today. "I don't want to say scary, but it was very alarming to me. I knew we needed to figure it out right away."

A physical exam revealed downward eye deviation, and the parents disclosed they are first cousins, more hints for a possible genetic abnormality. An electroencephalogram identified brain seizures.

Mallory Owen, MBChB, a pediatric neurologist who then was working with the affiliated Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine (RCIGM), described what happened next.

"We got a call from the [hospital] medical director who said we have a baby in the NICU who I think might really benefit from having this research protocol, 'ultra-ultra' rapid whole genome sequencing," said Owen.

There are some 1,500 genetic diseases associated with epileptic encephalopathy with similar or identical symptoms but very different treatments, Owen said.

To attempt to figure out which one it could be, a blood sample was drawn by 4 p.m. Monday and sequencing began at 7:23 p.m. It was completed by 6:30 a.m. Tuesday, according to a timeline prepared by Owen, lead author of the case report.

By 7:24 a.m. Tuesday, the in-house sequencing process was aided by Rady's partners, Illumina, which has developed DNA PCR-Free Prep, and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, whose scientists helped narrow the list of variants to match the infant's symptoms.

One in a Million

The result, 10 minutes later, revealed the boy had autosomal recessive thiamine metabolism dysfunction, syndrome 2, (THMD2) a defect in the mechanism responsible for transporting thiamine from the blood to the brain. But lucky for him, oral supplements of two over-the-counter vitamins, thiamine and biotin, resolved the problem.

THMD2 is extremely rare, occurring in an estimated one-in-a-million babies, according to the institute's medical director, David Dimmock, MD. It's a two base-pair frameshift, which Owen described as like a line of text in which the last two letters of one word are shifted into the next word, "and suddenly all the words don't make sense because the spaces between the words are in the wrong places."

It is likely that because the mutation is homozygous, the child inherited one copy from his mom and one from his dad, who each had the same mutation because they are related, she said.

By 12:13 p.m. Tuesday, vitamin tablets were crushed, added to liquid in appropriate dosage and administered to the infant through a feeding tube. Six hours later, his crying, seizures and irritability had resolved and as of June 14, have not returned. "The baby looked completely different," said Niemi. "It's unbelievable how fast (the vitamins) worked."

Time will tell if the baby, now 9 months old, will have permanent damage from his first 5 weeks of life. Owen acknowledged some signs of delayed development that could resolve in time, though it's too soon to tell. "No baby with this particular disease has been treated this early," she said.

But without this diagnosis, Owen is confident the boy would follow the path of his sister, who had the same seizures and "basically made no developmental progress from 2 months of age to the time of her death."

RCIGM had been working on developing a way to sequence the entire genome faster for 6 years. At commercial labs nationally, standard whole-genome sequencing can take weeks to identify a culprit sequence variant.

'Ultra-Ultra-Rapid' Sequencing

Like several other genetic projects around the globe, the institute has developed faster techniques: a "rapid" method that takes less than a week and an "ultra-rapid" protocol that averages between 30 and 50 hours. Still experimental, however, is this 13.5-hour process, nicknamed "ultra-ultra-rapid" by the team.

Time is of the essence in newborns, and a week or two delay can be fatal. During that time, the clinician has already administered ineffective treatments that may even have caused harm. "There could already be permanent brain damage, and when that happens, it's irreversible," Owen said.

Marc Williams, MD, president of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, who heard about the case on social media, called Rady's latest sequencing speed "transformative," potentially saving many children from conditions such as intellectual disability or cerebral palsy.

For most hospitals today, if a clinician orders a sequence for a child with a suspected abnormality, it would be sent to an outside laboratory and take anywhere from 1 to 3 weeks to get back, and even then, may not give enough specific information.

"One could argue the difference between 50 hours or 30 hours or 13 hours isn't all that big of a deal," he told MedPage Today. But the bigger deal, he said, is now we have "a child who has a chance at a normal outcome, as opposed to either death or severe disability if we did things the way we've always done them."

Asked if there is a kind of race going on among geneticists to see who can beat the clock, Williams said Rady's team keeps trying to beat itself. "They're pushing the limit to show how fast we can do this, in some ways, like a sprinter who sets a world record, but now says I think I can go faster."

The institute now does sequencing for a network of 60 other children's hospitals in the U.S. and Canada. Since last October, it has performed ultra-ultra-rapid sequencing on two other babies and got a diagnosis for one of them, a rare mitochondrial disease. That case is being written up for publication.

Does Rady see itself as the go-to institute for hospitals with patients suspected of having treatable genetic conditions?

Mallory said that becoming a "center of excellence" for whole genome sequencing is one of its aims, especially for NICU babies. But, she said, "rapid sequencing needs to be something that is not led by a single center. It's a huge project, with huge massive data requirements, and really should be pushed forward by a large assortment of institutions, of which Rady is one."

Rady's ultra-ultra-rapid sequencing is still in the research phase. It was funded by numerous federal grants to its president/CEO, Stephen Kingsmore, MBChB, DSc, and did not cost the family.

Currently, the Rady institute's cost is around $10,000 for standard sequencing, although this varies case by case. When it's ready and has received required approvals, the ultra-ultra-rapid will cost much more.

That's why bills were recently introduced in the U.S. Senate and in the California legislature to cover the cost.

Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine), introduced S. 2022, the Ending the Diagnostic Odyssey Act, which would give states the option of providing federal matching funds for whole genome sequencing for Medicaid-eligible children with conditions that are suspected of having a genetic cause.

In California, state Assemblymember Brian Maienschein, whose district includes Rady Children's, has introduced AB 114, the Rare Disease Sequencing for Critically Ill Infants Act, which would improve access to rapid whole genome sequencing for Medi-Cal beneficiaries.

Cheryl Clark has been a medical & science journalist for more than three decades.

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Rapid Genetic Testing May Have Spared This Baby From Death - MedPage Today

Genetics

Woman finds her biological father through DNA kit, after decades of searching – wtkr.com

SEAFORD, Va. - This Fathers Day is one to remember for a father-daughter duo who recently met her biological dad, thanks to a 23andMe DNA kit after several years of searching for him.

Adopted at 5-years-old, 43-year-old Julie Lane had always wondered who her biological father was. After more than ten years of searching for her father, she had almost given up.

I always wanted to know. You feel like youre missing a part of who you are, she said.

Julie had tried several things from researching to several genetics companies. She says her dads common name made it hard to track him.

"The information I had, his name, his ex-wifes name, the fact that he was military. I thought surely I can find him. After about ten years, I had kind of given up.

Then her family encouraged her to try something new.

"My husband and best friend pushed me and said why dont you try one more genetic tests before you give up."

Thats when she brought a 23andMe DNA kit as a last resort. To her surprise, she matched with a cousin that led her to what she always wanted, her biological father.

I just didnt expect that when the results came, it to go like it did. It's 8 o clock at night and theyre calling around and saying hey there's this girl on 23andMe and she comes up as a DNA match and she thinks youre her dad, could it be."

Julie's father had been looking for her too.

"I started trying to find her in the mid-80s. It still is overwhelming," Jeff Williams said.

In March, her father drove up from Texas to meet her. She also met her brother JP, whos ten years younger than her. Her dad left her a briefcase full of pictures during the visit.

She says the first time she saw a picture of her brother she recently met, he looked almost identical to her son.

News 3 reached out to 23andMe and they released this statement:

With genetic testing readily available to consumers, we are increasingly hearing stories of families discovering and reuniting with newfound relatives, and of customers finding unexpected results in their reports. Although 23andMe was not designed specifically to help people confirm parentage or find biological parents, our DNA Relatives tool does help people find and connect with participating genetic relatives. This feature is completely optional, meaning customers must actively choose to participate and are informed up front that by using the tool, they may discover unexpected relationships.

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Woman finds her biological father through DNA kit, after decades of searching - wtkr.com

Genetics

Genetic Mutation Reveals Surprising Role of Bioelectricity in Early Brain Formation – SciTechDaily

In polymicrogyria, the cortex of the brain has many irregular, small folds (gyria) and disorganization of its layers, caused by mutations in one of several genes. Many affected children have severe developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy, Credit: Richard Smith/Sebastian Stankiewicz, Boston Childrens Hospital

A mutation in four children with polymicrogyria illuminates the role of bioelectricity in early brain development.

In polymicrogyria, the cortex of the brain has many irregular, small folds (gyria) and disorganization of its layers. Many affected children have severe developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy, and many need to use a wheelchair. Mutations in several different genes can cause this overfolding of the brain condition.

Studying four patients with polymicrogyria, Richard Smith, PhD, identified mutations in a gene that caused him to do a double-take. His curiosity drove him to investigate the role of this gene, called ATP1A3, in the developing brain.

ATP1A3 is critical to many cell biological processes, says Smith, an investigator theDivision of Genetics and GenomicsatBoston Childrens Hospital. Its one of the most important genes we have in our brains.

ATP1A3 encodes a protein that makes up part of a cellular pump. It moves sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, allowing our cells to maintain differing concentrations of charged ions on either side, similar to a battery. This difference enables electrical currents to flow into or out of cells, drivingaction potentialsin neurons and other essential cell functions.

For me it was very compelling to understand how these pump proteins, and the flow of ions, contribute to core mechanisms in brain development, says Smith, an electrophysiologist by training. We got a lot of great biological insights by studying these four patients.

When and where in the typical developing brain is ATP1A3 turned on? To answer this question, Smith, with senior investigatorChristopher Walsh, MD, PhDand colleagues at multiple other sites, obtained donated human tissues from several hospital tissue banks and the NIH NeuroBiobank. The investigators analyzed samples from two times in early brain development: at around 20 weeks gestation, when the fetal cortex, initially smooth, starts to fold, and in infants soon after birth.

Using single-cell RNA sequencing (DropSeq) in collaboration withMarta Florio, PhD, at Harvard Medical School, they looked for expression (turning on) of ATP1A3 in about 125,000 individual neurons from 11 areas of the prenatal cortex. They also profiled about 52,000 neurons from the infants, sampling four areas of the cortex.

Overall, ATP1A3 expression levels were highest in the prefrontal cortex at both time points, and highest in the most active, frequently-firing neurons in the cortex. In the fetal cortex, ATP1A3 expression was particularly high in the subplate, a layer that disappears later in development. Electrical activity in the subplate is thought to be a hub of signaling driving synapse formation, neuron migration, and other brain developmental processes.

In the infants, we found increased expression of the gene in interneurons, which are inhibitory, says Smith. We think that ATP1A3 mutations may disrupt the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain, which could contribute to epilepsy in other ATP1A3-related conditions.

The work, published inPNAS, underscores how research in rare diseases can yield fundamental insights in biology in this case, how the brain develops its contours and organizational pattern. It provides a map for future studies of how mutations in ATP1A3 cause the brain to form abnormally.

When we first published this as a preprint, we had a lot of people reach out to us with patients with overlapping phenotypes, so it is very exciting to better understand this disease, says Smith.

The findings may also inform scientists understanding of other known ATP1A3-related disorders. While the patients with polymicrogyria had severe mutations causing loss of function of the gene, milder mutations cause a spectrum of later-onset neurologic diseases including alternating hemiplegia of childhood, which causes bouts of temporary paralysis; amovement disorderknown as rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism; and childhood-onset schizophrenia. These later-onset disorders may be more amenable to therapeutic intervention.

Polymicrogyria is at the extreme end of severity, but we think that ATP1A3-related disorders in the middle of this spectrum could have early pathogenic roots that could possibly be treated before they become more severe, says Smith.

He adds that ifnewborn DNA sequencingbecomes common, it could offer a window of opportunity for treating ATP1A3 related disorders before they manifest clinically.

As for polymicrogyria, a structural malformation is trickier to reverse, but infant brains are amazingly plastic and capable of reorganizing, says Smith. So if you could lessen the epilepsy-related damage from the earliest point, you might be able to improve quality of life.

Reference: Early role for a Na+,K+-ATPase (ATP1A3) in brain development by Richard S. Smith, Marta Florio, Shyam K. Akula, Jennifer E. Neil, Yidi Wang, R. Sean Hill, Melissa Goldman, Christopher D. Mullally, Nora Reed, Luis Bello-Espinosa, Laura Flores-Sarnat, Fabiola Paoli Monteiro, Casella B. Erasmo, Filippo Pinto e Vairo, Eva Morava, A. James Barkovich, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, Catherine A. Brownstein, Steven A. McCarroll and Christopher A. Walsh, 14 June 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023333118

Smith is supported by the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Tommy Fuss Foundation. Walsh is a HHMI Investigator, and receives funding from the Paul Allen Discovery Foundation and the NIH.

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Genetic Mutation Reveals Surprising Role of Bioelectricity in Early Brain Formation - SciTechDaily

Cell Biology

Cell Biology Test Kits Market to Show Incredible Growth by 2027 The Manomet Current – The Manomet Current

In this Cell Biology Test Kits market report, the research analyses important industry trends such as product launches, agreements, expansions, alliances, mergers, and so on in order to appreciate current market structure and their impact over the 2021-2027 forecast period. A graphical analysis of prominent corporations global marketing strategies, market contribution, and current developments in marketing is also included in the report. This Cell Biology Test Kits market report comprises an in-depth review of the competitive marketplace, product market size, product comparisons, consumer preferences, product developments, financial analysis, strategic planning, and other topics. Nothing surpasses a market analysis research when it comes to presenting the most relevant facts regarding the business scenario. Other essential aspects of the study include market share, development, and statistical analysis and forecasting from 2021 to 2027.

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It serves as a foundation and a source of assistance for newcomers to the market. It assists them in making a long-term decision that will assist them in establishing themselves in the market. Furthermore, this study includes essential data, methods, and an evaluation of industry trends that assist industries in developing their strategy. Its simple to receive a thorough examination of macroeconomic data, parent industry trends, and major elements with this Cell Biology Test Kits Market report. It aids them in projecting future trends based on previous experiences, current market conditions, and future projections. It benefits the customers in every way, including monetarily, culturally, and economically.

Major Manufacture:NanoEntek Promega Bio-Rad Merck Thermo Fisher Scientific PerkinElmer TaKaRa MOLECULAR DEVICES BIOQUOCHEM PromoCell Universal Biologicals Bio Basic

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Worldwide Cell Biology Test Kits Market by Application:Pharmaceutical Research Institutes Biotech Laboratories Others

Segmentation on the Basis of Type:Bacteria Test Kits Protein Test Kits Others

Table of Content1 Report Overview1.1 Product Definition and Scope1.2 PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis of Cell Biology Test Kits Market2 Market Trends and Competitive Landscape3 Segmentation of Cell Biology Test Kits Market by Types4 Segmentation of Cell Biology Test Kits Market by End-Users5 Market Analysis by Major Regions6 Product Commodity of Cell Biology Test Kits Market in Major Countries7 North America Cell Biology Test Kits Landscape Analysis8 Europe Cell Biology Test Kits Landscape Analysis9 Asia Pacific Cell Biology Test Kits Landscape Analysis10 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Cell Biology Test Kits Landscape Analysis 11 Major Players Profile

Clear understanding of the target market is critical for the advancement of business development, and this Cell Biology Test Kits market Report provides critical statistics to identify the markets aim. It provides a clear view of the market in rich areas such as Europe, North America, the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. In addition, this Cell Biology Test Kits market Report focuses on offering relevant business metrics such as current market progression, market size, characteristics, and future opportunities and threats. This Cell Biology Test Kits market Report contains a comprehensive analysis of the industry, competitive pressures, growth regulators, restraints, business projections, perceptions of the target market, and best practices to follow in order to make the business profitable. It describes the current state of the business and suggests where it is likely to go in the future.

In-depth Cell Biology Test Kits Market Report: Intended AudienceCell Biology Test Kits manufacturersDownstream vendors and end-usersTraders, distributors, and resellers of Cell Biology Test KitsCell Biology Test Kits industry associations and research organizationsProduct managers, Cell Biology Test Kits industry administrator, C-level executives of the industriesMarket Research and consulting firms

The most important is that it not only reveals the real market scenario, but also covers the most prime effects of COVID-19 on the growth of different industries in the market. It covers a range of data covering all the important aspects that will assist the industry players to make a good and profitable decision. It serves as great guide and a model report for the new entrants by offering information on emerging developers, growth rate and industry segments. One can make higher gains by inverting precisely in the market because this Cell Biology Test Kits market analysis also graphs the most resourceful market strategies.

About Global Market MonitorGlobal Market Monitor is a professional modern consulting company, engaged in three major business categories such as market research services, business advisory, technology consulting.We always maintain the win-win spirit, reliable quality and the vision of keeping pace with The Times, to help enterprises achieve revenue growth, cost reduction, and efficiency improvement, and significantly avoid operational risks, to achieve lean growth. Global Market Monitor has provided professional market research, investment consulting, and competitive intelligence services to thousands of organizations, including start-ups, government agencies, banks, research institutes, industry associations, consulting firms, and investment firms.ContactGlobal Market MonitorOne Pierrepont Plaza, 300 Cadman Plaza W, Brooklyn,NY 11201, USAName: Rebecca HallPhone: + 1 (347) 467 7721Email: info@globalmarketmonitor.comWeb Site: https://www.globalmarketmonitor.com

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Cell Biology Test Kits Market to Show Incredible Growth by 2027 The Manomet Current - The Manomet Current

Cell Biology

Cell Biology Test Kits Market COVID -19 Impact | Growth, Analysis, Opportunities and Forecast To 2028 by Growing Players: Thermo Fisher Scientific,…

The Cell Biology Test Kits market is one of the fastest-growing markets in the US and the world. In just a short period, many innovations, the emergence of key players, and positive regulations by the authorities have resulted in consistent growth. Despite the slowdown in the global economy, the Cell Biology Test Kits Market has shown resistance to the recession and is one of the first markets to open in the green. To know how the Cell Biology Test Kits market has emerged from the slowdown and its future prospects, growth plans, risks analysis, and more, you need to have a comprehensive Cell Biology Test Kits market research report.

Post-COVID Global Cell Biology Test Kits Market Condition:

Just like all the markets in the world, the Cell Biology Test Kits market had also been affected by the COVID-19 global lockdown and the post-COVID rules and regulations. However, the market was quick to get off the slump thanks to the key players adapting to the best practices, safety measures, hygiene standards, and the government set regulations. The future prospects and business opportunities in the Cell Biology Test Kits market look good. If you want to gain in-depth insight into the Cell Biology Test Kits market, know what the post-COVID prospects and business revenue look like, check out the Cell Biology Test Kits market research report.

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Manufacturers Information:

Various key manufacturers operating in the global Cell Biology Test Kits market are

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Analysis of the major industry players based on their company profiles, annual revenue, sales margin, growth aspects are also covered in the Global Cell Biology Test Kits Market 2021 report, which will help other Cell Biology Test Kits market players in driving business insights.

The analysis featured in the Global Cell Biology Test Kits Market 2021 report includes important factors of the Cell Biology Test Kits market based on present industry situations, market demands, business strategies utilized by Cell Biology Test Kits market players and their growth synopsis. This report divides the Cell Biology Test Kits market based on the key players, Type, Applications, and Regions.

By the product type, the market is primarily split into:

By the end-users/application, this report covers the following segments:

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The Cell Biology Test Kits market takes a lot of its cues from the US market, and sometimes the Asian markets. However, the biggest mover is the US market which is seeing a resurgence thanks to a change in the government. Sweeping policy changes are to boost business and this will positively impact the Car AVN (Audio, Video, Navigation) market. Sine lockdown and trade restrictions have been eased, theres been a significant demand and supply increase with consumer behavior returning to normal. All of this and more has been covered in the Car AVN (Audio, Video, Navigation) market research report through which you will gain a deep understanding of the Car AVN (Audio, Video, Navigation) market and its facts & figures.

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Cell Biology Test Kits Market COVID -19 Impact | Growth, Analysis, Opportunities and Forecast To 2028 by Growing Players: Thermo Fisher Scientific,...

Cell Biology

The Future Of Synthetic Biology and The Companies Using These Technologies – BioSpace

The market of synthetic biology is estimated to worth 11 billion by 2028. The increasing demands by biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies have greatly contributed to the growth of its market.

Well look at what synthetic biology is all about and the latest trends of this technology.

RELATED: Current Trends in Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is defined as the design and fabrication of biological systems and components that do not exist in the real world thru editing alteration of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). At the same time, it is referred to as the redesign and fabrication of existing biological systems and DNA.

With this, we can re-engineer DNA sequences of anything and re-assemble them to new genomes.

It means we can eventually create synthetic things such as a flower changing color, sterile mosquitos, create fuel or perfume by programming microbes, or plants that glow, among others.

However, the downside of this is that it could harm us if used or engineered the wrong way. Synthetic biology can potentially be a threat if we create a harmful virus that can wipe out humanity.

The opportunities for the growth of this new technology are endless, such as manufacturing good chemicals from agricultural waste, discovering petroleum substitutes, and replicating rubber tires.

As this type of technology is starting to grow, companies that focus on synthetic biology are starting to grow. Some companies sell synthetic DNAs, and some do the building themselves.

Companies that sell synthetic DNAs:

Companies that build DNAs for multiple purposes such as healthcare, biofuels, and bioproducts:

Amyris, Inc.

Codexis, Inc.

Genencor International, Inc.(A Division of Danisco)

Life Science Technologies

Qteros

CODA Genomics, Inc.

Modular Genetics, Inc.

Verdezyne, Inc.

DSM

Myriant Technologies LLC

Gevo, Inc.

LS9, Inc.

OPX Biotechnologies

Solazyme, Inc.

Synthetic Genomics, Inc.

RELATED: De-Bottlenecking Molecular Biology

Scientists can now produce small molecules with the use of synthetic biology. The new products are commonly used for drug development.

AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LPand has been using this technology for therapeutics. They have produced drugs that can be taken orally or through the cell membranes.

Amgenalso uses small molecules for drugs. These drugs can only treat some diseases because they can penetrate cell walls to target specific cells.

Numerous other laboratories are now resulting in this kind of discovery. However, there are some downsides to it. Even though they can design and manufacture new kinds of molecules, the process can be tedious and have a long trial and error process.

It is because it is difficult to engineer new microbes that nature didnt intend. It may be a long process overall, but it can be rewarding what the final product can do.

It is slowly taking shape, but scientists are now using synthetic biology to create a new technology that could treat cancer patients.

In addition to transformational improvements in healthcare, patients can now enjoy chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology which attacks cancer cells. This technology engineers the T-cells (immune cells) of a patient to recognizes the cancer cells and eliminates them.

Some of the companies that use T-cell therapy include Kite Pharma, REGENXBIO, Autolus, American Gene Technologies, and Arcellx Inc..

Kite Pharma has its Yescarta, which is used for CAR T cell therapy. It is used as therapy for some non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

REGENXBIO has its ZOLGENSMA, a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) for children below two years.

Autolus focuses on solid tumors and hematological cancer treatments and is now developing treatments for CAR T cell therapy.

American Gene Technologies is developing a cure for HIV-positive patients by using their cells from T cells to disable diseases and build immunity.

Lastly, Arcelix is in its early stages of development for CAR T-Cell therapy.

In relation to the creation of chimeric antigen receptors, scientists are also engineering viruses to treat inherited diseases like Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) or epidermolysis bullosa.

This technology is possible by using a patients stem cell to replicate and create new cells to replace the mutated genes that cause diseases.

St. Jude Research Hospital managed to develop a genetically engineered virus to treat SCID on young children. They created a lentivector, a virus delivered to the genes to fix certain medical conditions without activating any genes that may cause cancer.

Computational protein design builds proteins from scratch (de novo design) and makes calculated variants of protein structures and variants (protein design).

Researchers build new enzymes that have never been seen and not common to nature using amino acids and co-factors that are not part of the standard macromolecular toolkit.

One company that uses this technology is Ginkgo Bioworks, which uses computer automation to create new organisms.

Arzeda is another company developing new enzymes from scratch to develop the production of rare sugars and natural sweeteners.

Cellular agriculture is replicating the way food is produced by animals without the need to have animals. Researchers are looking at how the by-products of animals we consume are made and done through tissue engineering and biotechnology.

Some examples of these are creating milk just like how a cow would produce them or creating eggs just like how chickens would produce them. This includes the creation of lab foods such as meat and fish.

One of the companies that use this technology is New Harvest. As mentioned above, this company is responsible for creating milk and eggs from cells instead of getting them from animals.

Another one is Meatable, which uses cellular agriculture for creating cell-based meats.

The future of synthetic biology is vast because of all the opportunities this technology can make.

From the development of pharmaceutical products to answer humanitys problems to producing agricultural products for our daily consumption, the possibilities are endless. They could lead to a very successful future for humankind.

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The Future Of Synthetic Biology and The Companies Using These Technologies - BioSpace

Cell Biology

Presence of certain stem cells linked to nongenetic resistance mechanisms of cancer cells – News-Medical.Net

Cancer cells can develop resistance to therapy through both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. But it is unclear how and why one of these routes to resistance prevails. Understanding this 'choice' by the cancer cells may help us devise better therapeutic strategies. Now, the team of Prof. Jean-Christophe Marine (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology) shows that the presence of certain stem cells correlates with the development of nongenetic resistance mechanisms. Their study is published in the prestigious journal Cancer Cell.

Even though cancer therapy has made great strides in the last few years, resistance remains a major problem. When cancer cells develop resistance against the drugs targeting them, they can continue to spread, even when the patient is going through therapy.

Until recently, it was thought that this resistance arises exclusively through mutations - genetic alterations - in the cancer cells. However, new studies have suggested that resistance against cancer drugs can also arise via non-genetic mechanisms that change the expression of certain genes without altering the DNA sequence.

Prof. Jean-Christophe Marine (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology): "The importance of nongenetic reprogramming as a driver of therapy resistance is not yet widely accepted in the field. Although my group has demonstrated that drug tolerance can be driven by nongenetic mechanisms, strong evidence that resistance can be acquired in absence of a genetic cause is still lacking."

In their study, the team of Prof. Marine firmly establishes that nongenetic mechanisms contribute to resistance to therapy in melanoma. The key question has become: "How do cancer cells 'choose' between the different routes to resistance?"

Surprisingly, the team demonstrates that the road to resistance is predetermined and not randomly selected. They show that the presence of a specific group of cells, neural crest stem cells, leads to non-genetic rather than genetic drug resistance in melanoma. A possible reason for this is that these neural crest stem cells exhibit 'epigenetic plasticity', which means that these cells have an increased ability to select which genes they express and how much. These cells literally reprogram themselves to evade the therapeutic pressure.

The researchers also identified the signaling pathway that drives the emergence of the neural crest stem cells and promotes their survival. This signaling pathway depends crucially on the protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (or FAK). By blocking the activity of this protein, the team was able to drastically reduce the occurrence of non-genetic drug resistance in patient-derived xenografts - tumor cells from human patients that were implanted in mice.

This combination of new basic insights into tumor cell biology and recently discovered non-genetic resistance mechanisms to cancer drugs has far-reaching clinical consequences.

Florian Rambow, senior postdoc who contributed to the study, explains:

These findings have several important clinical implications. Not only did we show a viable way to suppress non-genetic resistance, but we also demonstrated that the presence of specific cells dictates which resistance mechanism is likely to occur. This observation is the key to predicting potential resistance routes in patients and developing personalized therapies."

Source:

Journal reference:

Marin-Bejar, O., et al. (2021) Evolutionary predictability of genetic versus nongenetic resistance to anticancer drugs in melanoma. Cancer Cell. doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2021.05.015.

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Presence of certain stem cells linked to nongenetic resistance mechanisms of cancer cells - News-Medical.Net

Cell Biology

New Super-resolution Microscopy Method Approaches the Atomic Scale – Weill Cornell Medicine Newsroom

Click on the image to view a video about the paper.

Scientists at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed a computational technique that greatly increases the resolution of atomic force microscopy, a specialized type of microscope that feels the atoms at a surface. The method reveals atomic-level details on proteins and other biological structures under normal physiological conditions, opening a new window on cell biology, virology and other microscopic processes.

In a study, published June 16 in Nature, the investigators describe the new technique, which is based on a strategy used to improve resolution in light microscopy.

To study proteins and other biomolecules at high resolution, investigators have long relied on two techniques: X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. While both methods can determine molecular structures down to the resolution of individual atoms, they do so on molecules that are either scaffolded into crystals or frozen at ultra-cold temperatures, possibly altering them from their normal physiological shapes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can analyze biological molecules under normal physiological conditions, but the resulting images have been blurry and low resolution.

"Atomic force microscopy can easily resolve atoms in physics, on solid surfaces of silicates and on semiconductors, so it means that in principle the machine has the precision to do that," said senior author Dr. Simon Scheuring, professor of physiology and biophysics in anesthesiology at Weill Cornell Medicine. The technique is a bit like if you were to take a pen and scan over the Rocky Mountains, so that you get a topographic map of the object. In reality, our pen is a needle that is sharp down to a few atoms and the objects are single protein molecules."

However, biological molecules have many small parts that wiggle, blurring their AFM images. To address that problem, Dr. Scheuring and his colleagues adapted a concept from light microscopy called super-resolution microscopy. "Theoretically it wasn't possible by optical microscopy to resolve two fluorescent molecules that were closer together than half the wavelength of the light, he said. However, by stimulating the adjacent molecules to fluoresce at different times, microscopists can analyze the spread of each molecule and pinpoint their locations with high precision.

Instead of stimulating fluorescence, Dr. Scheuring's team noted that the natural fluctuations of biological molecules recorded over the course of AFM scans yield similar spreads of positional data. First author Dr. George Heath, who was a postdoctoral associate at Weill Cornell Medicine at the time of the study and is now a faculty member at the University of Leeds, engaged in cycles of experiments and computational simulations to understand the AFM imaging process in greater detail and extract the maximum of information from the atomic interactions between tip and sample.

Using a method like super-resolution analysis, they were able to extract much higher resolution images of the moving molecules. Continuing the topographic analogy, Dr. Scheuring explained that "if the rocks (i.e., atoms) wiggle a little bit up and down, you can detect this one, then that one, and then you average all detections over time and you receive high-resolution information."

Because previous AFM studies have routinely collected the necessary data, the new technique can be applied retroactively to the blurry images the field has generated for decades. As an example, the new paper includes an analysis of an AFM scan of an aquaporin membrane protein, originally acquired during Dr. Scheuring's doctoral thesis. The reanalysis generated a much sharper image that matches X-ray crystallography structures of the molecule closely. "You basically get quasi-atomic resolution on these surfaces now," said Dr. Scheuring. To showcase the power of the method, the authors provide new high-resolution data on annexin, a protein involved in cell membrane repair, and on a proton-chloride antiporter of which they also report structural changes related to its functional.

Besides allowing researchers to study biological molecules under physiologically relevant conditions, the new method has other advantages. For example, X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy rely on averaging data from large numbers of molecules, but AFM can generate images of single molecules. "Instead of having observations of hundreds of molecules, we observe one molecule a hundred times and calculate a high-resolution map," said Dr. Scheuring.

Imaging individual molecules as they carry out their functions could open entirely new types of analysis. "Let's say you have a [viral] spike protein that's in one conformation and then it gets activated and goes into another conformation, said Dr. Scheuring. You would in principle be able to calculate a high-resolution map from that same molecule as it transits from one conformation to the next, not from thousands of molecules in one or the other conformation." Such high-resolution single molecule data could provide more detailed information and avoid the potentially misleading results that can occur when averaging data from many molecules. Furthermore, the map might reveal new strategies for precisely redirecting or interrupting such processes.

Additional study co-authors include Drs. Ekaterina Kots, Shifra Lansky, George Khelashvili, and Harel Weinstein from the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at Weill Cornell Medicine and Dr. Janice Robertson from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at Washington University.

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New Super-resolution Microscopy Method Approaches the Atomic Scale - Weill Cornell Medicine Newsroom

Cell Biology

Post-doctoral Fellow, School of Biomedical Sciences job with THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG | 257563 – Times Higher Education (THE)

Work type: Full-timeDepartment: School of Biomedical Sciences (22600)Categories: Academic-related Staff

Applications are invited for appointment asPost-doctoral Fellow (several posts) in the School of Biomedical Sciences (Ref.: 504335), to commence as soon as possible for one year, with the possibility of renewal subject to satisfactory performance.

Applicants should have a Ph.D. degree preferably in Biomedical/Biological Sciences, Cell Biology, or a related discipline. Preference will be given to those with research experience in at least two of the areas including stem cells, regenerative medicine, cancer, heart disease, liver disease, animal models, immunology, embryology, genomics, genome-editing or drug screening. Applicants should have a good command of written and spoken English, strong communication skills, and a demonstrated track record of publishing academic research papers. They should also be self-motivated, innovative, and able to work well in an interdisciplinary team. The appointees are expected to contribute to a translational research programme in stem cell biology, and conduct research projects in a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and scientists. Working outside campus may be required. Enquiries about the posts should be sent to Professor Liu Pengtao atpliu88@hku.hk.

A highly competitive salary commensurate with qualifications and experience will be offered, in addition to annual leave and medical benefits.

The University only accepts online applications for the above posts. Applicants should apply online and upload an up-to-date C.V. Review of applications will start from July 1, 2021 and continue until September 30, 2021, or until the posts are filled, whichever is earlier.

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Post-doctoral Fellow, School of Biomedical Sciences job with THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG | 257563 - Times Higher Education (THE)