All posts by medical

Powerful drug discovery protocol for autism is accelerating the development of new treatments – UB News Center

BUFFALO, N.Y. A sensitive and reliable new protocol for assessing social deficits in animal models of autism and certain psychiatric conditions is expediting the search for effective treatments. Developed by University at Buffalo researchers, the new protocol is described in a paper published today in Nature Protocols.

The protocol we developed is facilitating studies on social behaviors and mental disorders related to social impairment, said Zhen Yan, PhD, SUNY Distinguished Professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB and senior author on the paper.

She noted that a clinical trial for an autism treatment now underway by Oryzon, the European biopharmaceutical company, is, in part, based on preclinical studies conducted at UB with the protocol. That trial is focused on a form of autism called Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, which results from a single genetic deficiency in a gene called Shank3. The UB researchers have significantly contributed to the understanding of how that genetic mutation causes the social deficits.

Determining the effectiveness of a potential treatment for brain disorders cannot be done the way it is for many other diseases: by checking a biomarker in the blood or measuring tumor size and spread. The only way to determine how effective potential therapies for autism might be is to observe behavioral changes in preclinical models.

No biomarkers

We dont have a biomarker for autism, said Yan. Social deficits are the core symptom.

Thats why a sensitive and reliable protocol for measuring social deficits is so crucial to finding new autism treatments.

To find out whether a therapeutic strategy works or not, outcome measurements rely on behavior, Yan said. So a social preference protocol is a critical ingredient in determining the effectiveness of potential therapies in brain diseases like autism and certain mental disorders.

Social preference protocols for autism and similar conditions are based on the fact that normal animals will spend much more time interacting with a so-called social object, meaning another animal, than they will with a non-social, inanimate object, such as a block of wood.

In a mouse model of autism, this social preference will be significantly diminished, Yan said.

Assessing behavior changes

But assessing behavior changes in mouse models of autism isnt easy. A widely-used method for social preference has been a simple three-chamber assay, in which the test mouse is first habituated to an empty three-chamber apparatus. Then, one empty cup is placed in one side chamber, and another cup containing a mouse is placed in the other side chamber, and the amount of time spent interacting with either stimulus is recorded.

That type of test had an intrinsic bias, Yan explained. The social stimulus, which contains both a novel social stimulus (mouse) and a novel non-social stimulus (cup), is more salient than the non-social stimulus (cup alone), which may mask the presence of social preference deficits in autism models.

Similar protocols have produced inconsistent results, Yan said.

The protocol developed at UB is different for several reasons. The test mouse is first habituated to a three-chamber apparatus containing two empty cups in side chambers. The animal then is introduced to two identical inanimate objects (e.g. paper balls) placed within the cups. In the test phase, a social stimulus (mouse) is introduced under one cup and a novel non-social stimulus (e.g. wooden block) is placed under the other cup. The preference between social and non-social stimuli under conditions of equal salience is assessed.

Tests by Yan and her colleagues have demonstrated that this protocol successfully detects social preference deficits in several autism mouse models, and outperforms the widely-used method that differs in animal habituation and testing.

You need a measurement of the phenotype that is both sensitive and robust, and this protocol is both, said Yan.

Repeated measurements of social preference behavior using this protocol also enable longitudinal studies of therapeutic efficacy in autism models, as demonstrated by several publications from the Yan group.

Co-authors with Yan are Benjamin Rein, a doctoral candidate in neuroscience, and Kaijie Ma, research scientist, both in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics in the Jacobs School. The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation.

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Powerful drug discovery protocol for autism is accelerating the development of new treatments - UB News Center

The truth about Tony Abbott – Spectator.co.uk

Last nights confirmation that Tony Abbott is joining the Board of Trade has been reported, bizarrely, with accusations that he is somehow misogynist or homophobic. There was little mention of why the British government actually headhunted him: his ability to achieve big free trade deals quickly. In his two years in office, he did more to help Australias exporters than any other leader in the countrys history, finalising free trade deals with what are (now) Australias three most important markets: Japan, China and Korea. He also initiated talks on a trade deal with the EU after his Labor predecessors lazily ignored the opportunity for years.

But as this is not very well known in Britain, its easier for critics to ignore it all and recycle these ridiculous claims. Who is there to come to his defence, given that no one really knows him in Britain? Who can give a different picture: about the nature of the man, or his qualification for the job? I was his international adviser for four years and I can tell you the British government has just recruited an eminently-qualified trade adviser. I can also tell you how little foundation there is behind those smears.

The claim that he is in some way a misogynist was most famously made by Australian Labor prime minister Julia Gillard in 2012 while Abbott was leader of the opposition. She dug up a partial quote from 1998 where he questioned why women were under-represented in positions of power. In debate, he had raised whether men are by physiology or temperament more likely to take jobs of authority.

The source? From 1998 when Abbott was at a round table that included Michael Costa, then a minister in New South Wales he wasnt making a statement but asking a question in a wide-ranging discussion.

Abbott: If its true that men have more power, generally speaking, than women, is that a bad thing?

Costa: Clearly its a bad thing.

Abbott: Why is that, Michael?

Costa: I want my daughter to have as much opportunity as my son.

Abbott: Yeah, I completely agree, but what if men are by physiology or temperament more adapted to exercise authority or to issue commands?

Costa: Well see, I dont believe that. What I do think is that we should never be in a situation where women have got to define their notions of success and self-worth by negating a traditional role. But in terms of the power structure I think its very hard to deny that there is an under-representation of women.

He was testing the fairly-common idea that men tend to chase top jobs a pretty far cry from declaring that men are best-suited for the top jobs.

Gillard also attacked him for comments he made once on a visit to the town of Queanbeyan outside Canberra, warning of higher electricity prices under her governments emissions trading scheme and trying to express that in household consumption terms. What the housewives of Australia need to understand as they do the ironing is that if they get it done commercially it's going to go up in price, and their own power bills when they switch the iron on, are going to go up, he said. Perhaps this underestimated the role of men of Queanbeyan who doubtless do a lot of ironing. But does it expose the black heart of a sexist?

Gillards characterisation of Abbotts views of womens roles was obviously dishonest. In fact the womens rights issue he was criticised for most at the time was his championing of a plan to improve the rights of working women by introducing what would have been one of the worlds most generous paid parental schemes, providing six months of leave on full wages for one parent in all couples (including those of the same sex). Gillard opposed the scheme and it was later shelved for reasons of cost.

Her charge that Abbott was somehow opposed to power being given to women is undermined by the fact that one of the major elements contributing to his losing the prime ministership was the widespread view that he had given his female chief of staff Peta Credlin too much power. Despite mounting calls for him to sack her, including from Rupert Murdoch, he remained staunchly loyal.

Gillard also liked to quote something he said speaking at Adelaide University in 2004 on the ethical role of a Christian politician. How to understand the high number of abortions, he said? Well, you can consider some of the personal circumstances. To a pregnant 14-year-old struggling to grasp whats happening, for example, a senior student with a whole life mapped out or a mother already failing to cope under difficult circumstances, abortion is the easy way out. Its hardly surprising that people should choose the most convenient exit from awkward situations. What seems to be considered far less often is avoiding situations where difficult choices might arise. So he was advocating alternatives to unwanted pregnancy in the first place. But this sentence in this speech has been truncated by his critics to six words: abortion is the easy way out.

Abbott gets on well with Boris Johnson, and shares with the British prime ministers refusal to be strait-jacketed by politically-correct language rules. Ten years ago, for example, when enumerating the qualities of one of his partys female candidates, he included sex appeal among them. This may have made him seem old-fashioned, but the woman in question found it amusing and the comment could hardly be construed as misogyny.

Abbott has also been accused of being a homophobe for two television interviews in 2010 when he was being frank about his own feelings. He said he had once felt a bit threatened, as most people do by homosexuality because there is no doubt that it challenges, if you like, orthodox notions of the right order of things. Again, there can be little doubt that these views were influenced by his Catholicism were talking about a man who once trained to be a priest. But in the same interview, he said: it's a fact of life and we have to treat people as we find them. If you bought the Emily Thornberry or Kay Burley view of Abbott, youd also be surprised to learn that when one of his longtime friends transitioned from male to female, she asked Abbott to introduce a documentary about her story. He gladly did so.

In 2017 Abbott became the de facto leader of the opposition case for legalising same-sex marriage ahead of Australias referendum on the issue, arguing that it is not homophobic to maintain that, ideally, children should have both a mother and a father. That was much more gentle than the line of Australian Labor hero, former prime minister Paul Keating, who said that two blokes and a cocker spaniel dont make a family. But as a hero of the left, unlike Abbott, Keatings never been attacked as a bigot over the issue. After Australia voted yes to legalising same sex marriage, Abbott was again pragmatic. When his lesbian sister Christine Forster married the following year, Abbott sat in the front row and commented that it was a great family occasion, that he was very happy for his sister and her spouse and that he was looking forward to having a new sister-in-law. Forster has issued a statement calling the claims of misogyny and homophobia dishonest, describing her brother as an unabashed conservative but with great compassion, respect for others and an indelible sense of doing whats right.

Beyond Abbotts undoubted achievements, all who have had the privilege of working with him know that it would be hard to find a more decent, likeable or good-humoured figure in public life. And one of the qualities his detractors would prefer was ignored is his decades-long commitment to working to improve the life of the first Australians. The left likes to claim concern for the generally disadvantaged Aborigines as its issue. But Abbott, unlike any other senior political figure, over many years has stayed at remote Aboriginal communities on a regular basis including when prime minister to explore ways in which their welfare could be improved. Britain is lucky to have him.

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The truth about Tony Abbott - Spectator.co.uk

Pinning down the size of big tooth shark Megalodon – Gulf Times

If the serrated sharp teeth of a killer shark invaded the dreams of millions of movie buffs across the world 45 years ago when acclaimed director Steven Spielberg released his cult Hollywood film Jaws, the scientifically inaccurate The Meg refreshed those memories in 2018 by telling a story about a 75ft prehistoric shark, the Megalodon. So much for fiction, and now it is time to cut to reality. To date only the length of the legendary giant shark Megalodon had been estimated but, a new study led by the University of Bristol and Swansea University has revealed the size of the rest of its body, including fins as large as an adult human.There is a grim fascination in determining the size of the largest sharks, but this can be difficult for fossil forms where teeth are often all that remain. Today, the most fearsome living shark is the Great White, at over 6m (20ft) long, which bites with a force of two tonnes. Its fossil relative, the big tooth shark Megalodon, lived from 23 to around 3mn years ago, was over twice the length of a Great White and had a bite force of more than 10 tonnes. The fossils of the Megalodon are mostly huge triangular cutting teeth bigger than a human hand.Jack Cooper, who has just completed the MSc in Palaeobiology at the University of Bristols School of Earth Sciences, and colleagues from Bristol and Swansea used a number of mathematical methods to pin down the size and proportions of this monster, by making close comparisons to a diversity of living relatives with ecological and physiological similarities to Megalodon. The project was supervised by shark expert Dr Catalina Pimiento from Swansea University and Professor Mike Benton, a palaeontologist at Bristol. Dr Humberto Ferrn of Bristol also collaborated. Their findings have been published the other day in the journal Scientific Reports.Previously the fossil shark, known formally as Otodus megalodon, was only compared with the Great White. Jack and his colleagues, for the first time, expanded this analysis to include five modern sharks. Dr Pimiento said: Megalodon is not a direct ancestor of the Great White but is equally related to other macropredatory sharks such as the Makos, Salmon shark and Porbeagle shark, as well as the Great White. We pooled detailed measurements of all five to make predictions about Megalodon.Professor Benton added: Before we could do anything, we had to test whether these five modern sharks changed proportions as they grew up. If, for example, they had been like humans, where babies have big heads and short legs, we would have had some difficulties in projecting the adult proportions for such a huge extinct shark. But we were surprised, and relieved, to discover that in fact that the babies of all these modern predatory sharks start out as little adults, and they dont change in proportion as they get larger.As Jack Cooper said, this meant, the researchers could simply take the growth curves of the five modern forms and project the overall shape as they get larger and larger right up to a body length of 16m. The results suggest that a 16m long Otodus megalodon likely had a head round 4.65m long, a dorsal fin about 1.62m tall and a tail around 3.85m high. This means an adult human could stand on the back of this shark and would be about the same height as the dorsal fin.The reconstruction of the size of Megalodon body parts represents a fundamental step towards a better understanding of the physiology of this giant, and the intrinsic factors that may have made it prone to extinction.

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Pinning down the size of big tooth shark Megalodon - Gulf Times

Matthew Watt – The Conversation AU

Profile Articles Activity

Professor Matthew Watt heads the Department of Physiology at the University of Melbourne. His teams innovative research program seeks to identify how defects of lipid metabolism and inter-tissue communication cause obesity-related disorders, and to use this information to discover novel targets that can be transitioned to clinical therapeutics. Professor Watt has authored >180 peer-reviewed manuscripts and contributed to the discipline through his roles as National Secretary of the Australian Physiological Society and as a reviewing editor of the American Journal of Physiology (Endocrinology & Metabolism).

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Matthew Watt - The Conversation AU

Posters of the 2020 American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Annual Meeting: The Year There Was No Wall on Which to Hang Them – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

J Neurosci Nurs. 2020 Oct;52(5):E11-E12. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000541.

ABSTRACT

The 2020 annual meeting of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses was canceled because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a summary of 27 abstracts presented in poster format that were accepted to that meeting.

PMID:32890101 | DOI:10.1097/JNN.0000000000000541

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Posters of the 2020 American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Annual Meeting: The Year There Was No Wall on Which to Hang Them - DocWire News

Sleeping patterns of a person may help predict when will Alzheimer’s disease begin: Study – Times Now

Sleeping patterns of a person may help predict when will Alzheimer's disease begin: Study  |  Photo Credit: iStock Images

Washington:By observing one's sleeping patterns, neuroscientists, to some extent can estimate a time frame for when Alzheimer's is most likely to strike in a person's lifetime, according to a recent study.

Their findings suggest one defence against this virulent form of dementia - for which no treatment currently exists - is deep, restorative sleep, and plenty of it.

The research was led by UC Berkeley neuroscientists Matthew Walker and Joseph Winer that was published in the journal Current Biology.

"We have found that the sleep you're having right now is almost like a crystal ball telling you when and how fast Alzheimer's pathology will develop in your brain," said Walker, a UC Berkeley professor of psychology and neuroscience and senior author of the paper."The silver lining here is that there's something we can do about it," he added. "The brainwashes itself during deep sleep, and so there may be a chance to turn back the clock by getting more sleep earlier in life."

Walker and fellow researchers matched the overnight sleep quality of 32 healthy older adults against the buildup in their brains of the toxic plaque known as beta-amyloid, a key player in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's, which destroys memory pathways and other brain functions and afflicts more than 40 million people worldwide.

Their findings show that the study participants who started out experiencing more fragmented sleep and less non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) slow-wave sleep were most likely to show an increase in beta-amyloid over the course of the study.

Although all participants remained healthy throughout the study period, the trajectory of their beta-amyloid growth correlated with baseline sleep quality. The researchers were able to forecast the increase in beta-amyloid plaques, which are thought to mark the beginning of Alzheimer's.

"Rather than waiting for someone to develop dementia many years down the road, we are able to assess how sleep quality predicts changes in beta-amyloid plaques across multiple timepoints. In doing so, we can measure how quickly this toxic protein accumulates in the brain over time, which can indicate the beginning of Alzheimer's disease," said Winer, the study's lead author and a PhD student in Walker's Center for Human Sleep Science at UC Berkeley.

In addition to predicting the time it is likely to take for the onset of Alzheimer's, the results reinforce the link between poor sleep and the disease, which is particularly critical in the face of a tsunami of ageing baby boomers on the horizon.While previous studies have found that sleep cleanses the brain of beta-amyloid deposits, these new findings identify deep non-REM slow-wave sleep as the target of intervention against cognitive decline.And though genetic testing can predict one's inherent susceptibility to Alzheimer's, and blood tests offer a diagnostic tool, neither offers the potential for a lifestyle therapeutic intervention that sleep does, the researchers point out."If deep, restorative sleep can slow down this disease, we should be making it a major priority," Winer said. "And if physicians know about this connection, they can ask their older patients about their sleep quality and suggest sleep as a prevention strategy."

The 32 healthy participants in their 60s, 70s and 80s who are enrolled in the sleep study are part of the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study headed by UC Berkeley public health professor William Jagust, also a co-author on this latest study. The study of healthy ageing was launched in 2005 with a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

For the experiment, each participant spent an eight-hour night of sleep in Walker's lab while undergoing polysomnography, a battery of tests that record brain waves, heart rate, blood-oxygen levels and other physiological measures of sleep quality.

Over the course of the multi-year study, the researchers periodically tracked the growth rate of the beta-amyloid protein in the participants' brains using positron emission tomography, or PET scans and compared the individuals' beta-amyloid levels to their sleep profiles.

Researchers focused on brain activity present during deep slow-wave sleep. They also assessed the study participants' sleep efficiency, which is defined as actual time spent asleep, as opposed to lying sleepless in bed.

The results supported their hypothesis that sleep quality is a biomarker and predictor of the disease down the road.

"We know there's a connection between people's sleep quality and what's going on in the brain, in terms of Alzheimer's disease. But what hasn't been tested before is whether your sleep right now predicts what's going to happen to you years later," Winer said. "And that's the question we had."And they got their answer: "Measuring sleep effectively helps us travel into the future and estimate where your amyloid buildup will be," Walker said.

As for next steps, Walker and Winer are looking at how they can take the study participants who are at high risk of contracting Alzheimer's and implement methods that might boost the quality of their sleep.

"Our hope is that if we intervene, then in three or four years the buildup is no longer where we thought it would be because we improved their sleep," Winer said."Indeed, if we can bend the arrow of Alzheimer's risk downward by improving sleep, it would be a significant and hopeful advance," Walker concluded.

Continued here:
Sleeping patterns of a person may help predict when will Alzheimer's disease begin: Study - Times Now

A person`s sleep pattern may forecast when will Alzheimer`s disease begin – Zee News

Washington: Neuroscientists have found a way to estimate, with some degree of accuracy, a time frame for when Alzheimer`s is most likely to strike in a person`s lifetime, based on their sleep patterns. Their findings suggest one defence against this virulent form of dementia - for which no treatment currently exists - is deep, restorative sleep, and plenty of it.

The research was led by UC Berkeley neuroscientists Matthew Walker and Joseph Winer that was published in the journal Current Biology.

"We have found that the sleep you`re having right now is almost like a crystal ball telling you when and how fast Alzheimer`s pathology will develop in your brain," said Walker, a UC Berkeley professor of psychology and neuroscience and senior author of the paper. "The silver lining here is that there`s something we can do about it," he added.

"The brainwashes itself during deep sleep, and so there may be a chance to turn back the clock by getting more sleep earlier in life."

Walker and fellow researchers matched the overnight sleep quality of 32 healthy older adults against the buildup in their brains of the toxic plaque known as beta-amyloid, a key player in the onset and progression of Alzheimer`s, which destroys memory pathways and other brain functions and afflicts more than 40 million people worldwide.

Their findings show that the study participants who started out experiencing more fragmented sleep and less non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) slow-wave sleep were most likely to show an increase in beta-amyloid over the course of the study.

Although all participants remained healthy throughout the study period, the trajectory of their beta-amyloid growth correlated with baseline sleep quality. The researchers were able to forecast the increase in beta-amyloid plaques, which are thought to mark the beginning of Alzheimer`s.

"Rather than waiting for someone to develop dementia many years down the road, we are able to assess how sleep quality predicts changes in beta-amyloid plaques across multiple timepoints. In doing so, we can measure how quickly this toxic protein accumulates in the brain over time, which can indicate the beginning of Alzheimer`s disease," said Winer, the study`s lead author and a PhD student in Walker`s Center for Human Sleep Science at UC Berkeley.

In addition to predicting the time it is likely to take for the onset of Alzheimer`s, the results reinforce the link between poor sleep and the disease, which is particularly critical in the face of a tsunami of ageing baby boomers on the horizon.

While previous studies have found that sleep cleanses the brain of beta-amyloid deposits, these new findings identify deep non-REM slow-wave sleep as the target of intervention against cognitive decline. And though genetic testing can predict one`s inherent susceptibility to Alzheimer`s, and blood tests offer a diagnostic tool, neither offers the potential for a lifestyle therapeutic intervention that sleep does, the researchers point out.

"If deep, restorative sleep can slow down this disease, we should be making it a major priority," Winer said. "And if physicians know about this connection, they can ask their older patients about their sleep quality and suggest sleep as a prevention strategy."

The 32 healthy participants in their 60s, 70s and 80s who are enrolled in the sleep study are part of the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study headed by UC Berkeley public health professor William Jagust, also a co-author on this latest study. The study of healthy ageing was launched in 2005 with a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

For the experiment, each participant spent an eight-hour night of sleep in Walker`s lab while undergoing polysomnography, a battery of tests that record brain waves, heart rate, blood-oxygen levels and other physiological measures of sleep quality.

Over the course of the multi-year study, the researchers periodically tracked the growth rate of the beta-amyloid protein in the participants` brains using positron emission tomography, or PET scans and compared the individuals` beta-amyloid levels to their sleep profiles.

Researchers focused on brain activity present during deep slow-wave sleep. They also assessed the study participants` sleep efficiency, which is defined as actual time spent asleep, as opposed to lying sleepless in bed.The results supported their hypothesis that sleep quality is a biomarker and predictor of the disease down the road.

"We know there`s a connection between people`s sleep quality and what`s going on in the brain, in terms of Alzheimer`s disease. But what hasn`t been tested before is whether your sleep right now predicts what`s going to happen to you years later," Winer said.

"And that`s the question we had."And they got their answer: "Measuring sleep effectively helps us travel into the future and estimate where your amyloid buildup will be," Walker said.

As for next steps, Walker and Winer are looking at how they can take the study participants who are at high risk of contracting Alzheimer`s and implement methods that might boost the quality of their sleep.

"Our hope is that if we intervene, then in three or four years the buildup is no longer where we thought it would be because we improved their sleep," Winer said. "Indeed, if we can bend the arrow of Alzheimer`s risk downward by improving sleep, it would be a significant and hopeful advance," Walker concluded.

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A person`s sleep pattern may forecast when will Alzheimer`s disease begin - Zee News

There’s no evidence that blue-light blocking glasses help with sleep – The Conversation CA

Health products, like detox teas and mood-boosting waters, rely on a lack of neuroscientific knowledge to make their claims. Some of these claims are unsubstantiated, while others are completely made up.

My doctoral research investigates visual processing, but when I look at the big picture, I realize that what Im really studying are fundamental aspects of brain anatomy, connectivity and communication.

One specific function of the visual system that I have studied during my degree is the blue-light detecting molecule, melanopsin. In humans, melanopsin is seemingly restricted to a group of neurons in the eye, which preferentially target a structure in the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus the bodys clock.

This is where the (true) idea that blue light affects our sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm originates from. And also why many corrective lens producers have started cashing in on blue-light filtering glasses. The most common claims that go along with these lenses is that they will help restore our natural sleep-wake cycle.

Blue-filtering lenses are marketed as a solution to so many other vision problems. There are claims that they protect against a retinal disease called macular degeneration, decrease headaches and ward off eye cancer.

Ophthalmologists generally agree that there is a current lack of high-quality clinical evidence to support a beneficial effect with blueblocking spectacle lenses for reducing eye fatigue, enhancing sleep quality or preserving macular health in the general population.

Similar to the workings of any biological system, melanopsins contribution to vision is more complicated than it is made out to be.

For example, melanopsin like other light-sensitive molecules in our eyes can result in neural activity outside of blue light specifically. Blue is simply where it is most sensitive. So, then, blue light does indeed affect our sleep-wake cycle, but so will other wavelengths of light, to a lesser extent.

But what is the real culprit of the effects of digital screen light on our sleep-wake cycle? Is it necessarily blue light alone or is the problem likely worsened by people commonly staying up late and using their devices?

The science seems to be on the side that is against any substantial effects of blue-light blocking lenses. If you are staying up late anyway, blue-light blocking lenses arent proven to provide any help.

Research has shown that one likely cause for eye irritation and fatigue is the time we spend in front of our screens overall, which may decrease the amount of blinking we do.

The problem seems to be not only blue-light filtering lens sellers, but the way in which we talk about findings from research.

As of yet, there is no clinical evidence that supports the benefits of using blue-light filtering lenses. For now, this is another pseudoscience market thats taken advantage of its consumer base anyone who uses computers.

Expanding neuroscience literacy should be a public health goal: understanding how the brain and its partner organs like the eye work.

For now, keeping our eyes off screens at night and taking frequent breaks from screens is what will contribute most to our eye health and sleep hygiene.

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There's no evidence that blue-light blocking glasses help with sleep - The Conversation CA

Allergies vs. COVID: KU doctors give tips on knowing the difference – Salina Post

From left:: Dr. Dana Hawkinson, University of Kansas Health Center medical director of infection prevention and control; Dr. Steve Stites, chief medical officer; and Dr. Selina Gierer, specialist in allergy, immunology and rheumatology medicine. Image courtesy Hays Post

By CRISTINA JANNEYHays Post

Is that runny nose and cough COVID or just your run-of-the-mill seasonal allergies?

Doctors at the University of Kansas Health System tried to give viewers tips on how to distinguish between the two during their daily news briefing Wednesday.

Dr. Steve Stites, chief medical officer, and Dr.Dana Hawkinson, medical director of infection prevention and control, were joined byDr. Selina Gierer, specialist inallergy, immunology and rheumatology medicine, andear, nose and throat surgeon Dr. Keith Sale.

Gierer said Kansas has reached its peak allergy season. Children are also returning to school and can be exposed to viral infections.

"It is always a challenge when we go back to school when kids get any viral infection on top of season allergies trying to pick a part what's an illness and what is an allergy symptom," she said.

Itchy and water eyes as well as sneezing are common symptoms of allergies, but not of COVID-19.

Then there is an overlap zone for both allergies and COVID,Gierer said.

These include cough, fatigue, headache, sore throat, shortness of breath and runny nose.

"Ultimately, if you are having fever, if your symptoms are not typical for your allergy symptoms,"Gierer said, "perhaps this is not a typical allergy season for you.

"If you are having cough, if you are having congestion and you are having change in your sense of smell, it's time for you to be thinking about contacting your doctor to get tested for coronavirus."

She suggested keeping control of your allergy symptoms and avoiding people who are sick.

Monitor your triggers, such as dust, mold, pollen or animals. Monitor the local pollen count. Stay on your allergy medications.

"If you know you are going to be doing yard work, and the next day you feel itchy and drippy and sneezy, you can probably attribute that to your allergies and not an acute onset of coronavirus,"Gierer said.

Asthma is an underlying medical condition that increases the likelihood of complications from coronavirus. However, it is on the lower end of the range of complicating factors.

Asthma is much less common to cause complications than obesity and hypertension,Gierer said.

However, one of the biggest triggers of asthma is a viral infection. She said it is also important to keep your asthma under control by staying on medications, avoiding triggers and keeping a 30-day supply of medication on hand.

Sale saw a patient in his clinic who was having typical symptoms for allergies, such as a runny nose, but was not getting better on her normal medications.

She thought she had a sinus infection or something else. A friend from out of town had visited the week before. She was tested for COVID and was surprised with a positive COVID test, Sale said.

Sale said his office is taking COVID precautions, including using PPE, hand sanitizing between patients and patients wearing masks unless their nose or mouth is being examined.

Gierer said allergy medication or a rescue inhaler will probably not help with COVID-19 symptoms.

Sale said fatigue may be common to both allergies and COVID, but the persistence of the symptom may be a sign of the later.

Gierer said, "If the allergy medications are not working, that might trigger you to think there is something else going on."

Hawkinson said scientists are working to combine testing for flu and COVID-19. He said if a patient has a nasal swab for COVID-19, a lab could use that same sample to test for flu and RSV.

RSV, is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults, according the Centers for Disease Control.

The flu season is in full swing in South Africa and Australia and has been lighter this year there than in years past,Hawkinson said. He said that could be in part to mask use and increased hand washing.

KU Med is working on mass flu vaccination at this time.

Gierer urged members of the public to get flu vaccines. That is usually recommended starting in October.

The doctors also gave tips on staying in good general health.

You can naturally boost your immune system by getting adequate sleep, eating a healthy diet, as well as hand washing and staying away from people who are sick.

Those tips can help with COVID-19, flu or RSV.

Sale also said caring for your mental health can have an effect on maintaining physical health, which includes socializing in a safe way.

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Allergies vs. COVID: KU doctors give tips on knowing the difference - Salina Post

Immunology Drug Market To Witness An Impressive Growth During The Forecast Period 2017 2025 – The Daily Chronicle

Persistence Market Research recently published a market study that sheds light on the growth prospects of the global Immunology Drug market during the forecast period (20XX-20XX). In addition, the report also includes a detailed analysis of the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the future prospects of the Immunology Drug market. The report provides a thorough evaluation of the latest trends, market drivers, opportunities, and challenges within the global Immunology Drug market to assist our clients arrive at beneficial business decisions.

The Immunology Drug market study is a well-researched report encompassing a detailed analysis of this industry with respect to certain parameters such as the product capacity as well as the overall market remuneration. The report enumerates details about production and consumption patterns in the business as well, in addition to the current scenario of the Immunology Drug market and the trends that will prevail in this industry.

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What pointers are covered in the Immunology Drug market research study?

The Immunology Drug market report Elucidated with regards to the regional landscape of the industry:

The geographical reach of the Immunology Drug market has been meticulously segmented into United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia & India, according to the report.

The research enumerates the consumption market share of every region in minute detail, in conjunction with the production market share and revenue.

Also, the report is inclusive of the growth rate that each region is projected to register over the estimated period.

The Immunology Drug market report Elucidated with regards to the competitive landscape of the industry:

The competitive expanse of this business has been flawlessly categorized into companies such as

key players and products offered

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Exclusive details pertaining to the contribution that every firm has made to the industry have been outlined in the study. Not to mention, a brief gist of the company description has been provided as well.

Substantial information subject to the production patterns of each firm and the area that is catered to, has been elucidated.

The valuation that each company holds, in tandem with the description as well as substantial specifications of the manufactured products have been enumerated in the study as well.

The Immunology Drug market research study conscientiously mentions a separate section that enumerates details with regards to major parameters like the price fads of key raw material and industrial chain analysis, not to mention, details about the suppliers of the raw material. That said, it is pivotal to mention that the Immunology Drug market report also expounds an analysis of the industry distribution chain, further advancing on aspects such as important distributors and the customer pool.

The Immunology Drug market report enumerates information about the industry in terms of market share, market size, revenue forecasts, and regional outlook. The report further illustrates competitive insights of key players in the business vertical followed by an overview of their diverse portfolios and growth strategies.

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Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers:

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Immunology Drug Market To Witness An Impressive Growth During The Forecast Period 2017 2025 - The Daily Chronicle