Boost for women with infertility issues – The Herald

The Herald

Tendai Rupapa Senior ReporterInfertility in both women and men has resulted in many negative social issues that can cause significant stress and unhappiness in couples.

In Zimbabwe, many women failing to bow to societal pressures, end up suffering from depression as blame is usually put on them. Infertility is largely attributed to women, while turning a blind eye on the fact that men, too, can be infertile.

Hundreds of women with fertility challenges across Zimbabwe have come together and formed a group called Hannahs Tears.

They said they considered that, without children, their lives were hopeless.

But all hope is not lost, as First Lady Auxillia Mnangagwa, through her Angel of Hope Foundation, joined hands with an international philanthropic organisation, Merck Foundation, in fighting stigma and empowering them economically.

This was after the women knocked at the First Ladys door, and touched by their plight, the Angel of Hope Foundation patron and Merck Foundation, are working on a number of initiatives to give them hope.

Amai Mnangagwa is the Merck More than a Mother ambassador in Zimbabwe and the countrys health ambassador.

The Merck More than a Mother initiative aims to empower infertile women through access to information, education, empowerment projects, health and by changing mindsets.

It was an emotional moment yesterday when the women took turns to narrate their ordeals to the First Lady during a social gathering she convened in Harare.

They narrated the challenges they were facing in their homes and communities.

Mrs Elah Kache said at one point she thought death was the only solution to her griefs.

When you are barren, society considers you useless, she said. At one time due to pressure from my husband, in-laws and society, I thought of ending my life and bought rat poison. This was after my husband had sent me packing and I had nowhere to go, neither did I have bus fare.

Murume wangu akandishungurudza mumba zvakanyanya and would tell me every day that I was useless. The day I wanted to commit suicide is the day I heard about Hannahs Tears on the radio and how they were working with the First Lady giving hope to the hopeless.

That strengthened me and I abandoned the thought of ending my life. Through the meetings we always hold with Amai, our eyes are now open and she has been giving us a shoulder to cry on. She is a listening mother.

Mrs Jennifer Sixpense said she had been married for seven years and was yet to conceive. She praised her husband for being supportive.

When we failed to have a baby after our marriage, society turned to me calling me different names, blaming me, said Mrs Sixpense.

During that time, my husband said he would stand by me through thick and thin. We later visited health experts and I was told that all was well with me, but my husband was said to have low sperm count. We have come to accept that Gods time is the best. We are still together and happily married.

The running partnership between the Angel of Hope Foundation and Merck Foundation brought smiles to the womens faces yesterday as they were given broilers to start a poultry project, stock feed and vaccines.

More projects are on the way.

Amai Mnangagwa also gave the women foodstuffs and toiletries. Addressing the gathering, the First Lady said there had been a prevailing stigma against childlessness in society and it was time that more light was shed on the issue.

She said infertility was a condition, not a curse.

Since my meeting at Merck Foundation First Ladys initiative in March 2019, I was appointed ambassador of Merck more than a mother, in order to empower infertile women through access to information, education, change of mind-set and economic empowerment, said the First Lady.

This powerful initiative supports governments in defining policies to enhance access to regulated, safe and effective fertility care.

It defines interventions to break the stigma around infertile women and raises awareness about infertility prevention and management. In partnership with academia, ministries of health and international fertility societies, the initiative also provides medical education and training for health care providers and embryologists to build and advance fertility care capacity in Africa and developing countries.

The First Lady said with Merck more than a mother, they initiated a cultural transformation to de-stigmatise infertility at all levels by providing awareness, training, the skills of local experts and building advocacy in corporation, adding that there was need for a paradigm shift in relation to infertility.

Amai Mnangagwa said there was need to explore other horizons which traditions had shunned due to lack of awareness avenues such as adoption and foster care.

The First Lady, together with Merck Foundation, is working flat-out to improve the countrys health sector by unlocking specialised training opportunities for 117 local doctors in oncology and fertility issues, among many other disciplines of need.

Angel of Hope Foundation in partnership with Merck Foundation selected 11 doctors who are undergoing infertility specialist and embryology training, so as other diseases too, making it 117 doctors in different health disciplines to be the first fertility care team in our country and this will be the best support for infertile women and couples in our nation, she said.

We have also enrolled five doctors to receive Merk Foundation oncology fellowship and Masters degree programmes in India and Egypt in different specialties in oncology.

Moreover, we have also selected five doctors to be provided with one-year online diabetes diploma as part of Merck Foundations diabetes blue point programme. We need to unite in the fight against infertility related stigma.

Sensia Maponga, founder of Hannahs Tears, applauded the First Lady for standing with them and giving them a shoulder to lean on.

Mama muri musoro wechitima, you are leading us the way. We were not recognised as were shunned in societies we live, but Amai, you recognised us and since then you have been walking with us.

Womens Affairs, Community, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Minister Dr Sithembiso Nyoni thanked the First Lady for her relentless efforts in supporting initiatives targeting the needy in society.

We want to thank Amai for this novel initiative that focuses on educating people about that not to be discussed taboo subject of infertile women, she said. This interface will motivate us through the life stories of other women and enrich us with information from experts and get proper advice.

There is so much stigma attached to being infertile in our society, making the issue important to address.

Dr Munyaradzi Murwira from the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council imparted knowledge to the couples on factors that may cause infertility and how to overcome some of them.

Womens Bank chief executive, Dr Mandas Marikanda, took the audience through financial literacy and said her bank was willing to assist them.

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Bench-top Veterinary Biochemistry Analyzers Market Size, Growth Trends, Top Players, Application Potential and Forecast to 2025 – AlgosOnline

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National Academy of Sciences features undergraduate research that identifies new genetic factors contributing to small body size in dogs – Clemson…

Sydney Abrams (left) and Leigh Anne Clark pose with a trio of feisty Shetland Sheepdogs. Editors note: Special thanks to Debbi Kaplan, owner of Shadow Hill South Shelties, for providing the beautiful dogs shown in the photo above. From left: 10-year-old Jake, GCHB Shadow Hill The Bachelor; 2-year-old Garrett, Shadow Hill South Be The Difference; and 4-month-old Heath, Shadow Hill South The Influencer. For more information, visit http://www.ShadowHillSouthShelties.com.Image Credit: College of Science / Pete Martin

CLEMSON, S.C. When a beautiful pup has a dental problem, its time to call a veterinarian. But when it runs in the family, researchers take the case.

Clemson University researcher Leigh Anne Clark and her graduate student, Sydney Abrams, study inherited diseases in canines. They have worked previously on conditions that affect Shetland Sheepdogs, those fluffy Sheltie herding dogs that closely resemble a miniature version of Lassie. The pair collaborated on a paper titled Variants in FtsJ RNA 2-O-Methyltransferase 3 and Growth Hormone 1 are associated with small body size and a dental anomaly in dogs, which was published Sept. 21 in PNAS, the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

After Sheltie breeders sought answers about maxillary canine-tooth mesioversion, Clark and Abrams subsequent research led to a groundbreaking discovery.

We wanted to find the genetic basis for lance canines and ended up discovering that its related to the dogs body size, said Abrams, who is lead author on the paper. This is one of the first times a trait in dogs has been attributed directly to genes influencing growth.

The condition is known among Sheltie breeders as lance canine, added Clark, an associate professor in the College of Sciences Department of Genetics and Biochemistry. Thats because that canine tooth points forward, like a lance or spear, instead of pointing down like it should.

Some Shelties are born with lance-like canines that have to be corrected or removed so that the dog can live a healthy life.Image Credit: Photo courtesy of Mary Mahaffey

The tooth can be extracted or fixed with orthodontics, but that doesnt address its cause. If left untreated, it can cause ulcerations on the lip or prevent the dog from closing its mouth. It can also lead to periodontal disease.

It was having an impact on the breed because when you compete in conformation trials, the teeth are one of the things they look at, Clark said. You must have your canine tooth and it has to be pointing down otherwise, its a fault.

Dogs with lance canine can become pets, of course, but they are not shown.

If youre not shown, you are less likely to be bred, Clark said. These dogs are getting pulled from the breeding pool and youre losing genetic diversity over a crooked tooth.

Because the condition is rarely seen outside the Sheltie breed, Clark said she was sure it was heritable. Getting to its source would help breeders work toward eliminating it.

We took a genome-wide approach looking at genetic markers that span the entire genome hoping to find one or more of these markers associated with lance canine, she said.

This was no small task. Abrams began this study while she was still an undergraduate.

I started working on dental abnormalities in Shelties in 2017 as an undergraduate and received funding from the Clemson University Honors College, Abrams said. This enabled me to continue my research at a high level.

It took years to collect these samples, Clark added. Its slow and tedious to get enough samples to do these kinds of studies.

The dogs whose samples were used could not share common grandparents, so Abrams collected more than 200 samples and ultimately used 78 of those in genome-wide research.

This chart demonstrates that Shetland Sheepdogs with lance canines are significantly shorter and lighter than their counterparts.Image Credit: College of Science

I contacted owners from all over the world to collect the samples, said Abrams, who received her Bachelor of Science in genetics in 2019 before joining Clarks laboratory as a graduate student. I even got to present a portion of this work at a canine and feline genetics conference in Bern (Switzerland) in May 2019.

Abrams and Clarks efforts paid off in a surprising way.

We did find an association on chromosome 9, Clark said. In this region of the chromosome, there were about 30 genes. We generated sequence from a Sheltie with both canine teeth affected. We looked at those 30 genes for a variation that might have an effect. We found two variations in two different genes that looked like they could be problematic. One of the genes was growth hormone.

Because that gene is necessary for normal growth, Clark and Abrams went back to the study population and asked the owners to submit their dogs height and weight.

What we discovered is that dogs with lance canine are, on average, one inch shorter and six pounds lighter than unaffected Shetland Sheepdogs, Clark said.

And in a small breed that averages about 20 pounds and is 13 to 16 inches at the shoulder, this variation is significant.

Nobody had noticed before, Clark said.

But owners quickly had an aha moment as they made the connection.

Next, we looked at these two variations in the genomes of 224 other breeds and wild canids, Clark said. But they were only in toy breeds. They are all tiny dogs. The consequence of the growth hormone gene mutation is a mutant protein that is exactly the same as the one found in humans with pituitary dwarfism.

There is more work to be done, including exploration of why some canines are prone to missing teeth and what connection that might have to other health issues.

Missing teeth is interesting because it is in all breeds, but is more common in small breeds, Clark said. Dogs with two lance canines are significantly more likely to have missing teeth than a dog that has one lance canine. Theres some relationship there.

In addition to Abrams and Clark, other authors include Alexandra Hawks, Jacquelyn Evans and Jennifer Mason from the Clemson Universitys Department of Genetics and Biochemistry; Thomas Famula from the University of California, Davis; Mary Mahaffey from the University of Georgia; and Gary S. Johnson from the University of Missouri.

Abrams is supported by the Collie Health Foundation, and one of her latest projects is to study the genetics of epilepsy.

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Preclinical Software for Physiology Data Assessment and Animal Supervision Market: COVID-19 Business Continuity Plan | Evolving Opportunities with…

LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The global preclinical software for physiology data assessment and animal supervision market is expected to grow by USD 2.97 million as per Technavio. This marks a significant market slow down compared to the 2019 growth estimates due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020. However, steady growth is expected to continue throughout the forecast period, and the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 5%.

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Read the 120-page report with TOC on "Preclinical Software for Physiology Data Assessment and Animal Supervision Market Analysis Report by End-user (Industrial labs and CROs and Academic, government, and research labs), Geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and ROW), and the Segment Forecasts, 2020-2024". Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders. Track key industry opportunities, trends and threats. Information on marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions. https://www.technavio.com/report/preclinical-software-for-physiology-data-assessment-and-animal-supervision-market-industry-analysis

The preclinical software for physiology data assessment and animal supervision market is driven by the emerging role of bioinformatics tools and software in preclinical research. In addition, the rising digitalization in preclinical research is anticipated to boost the growth of the preclinical software for physiology data assessment and animal supervision market.

Bioinformatics tools are widely used in various stages of drug development such as secondary research, managing data during clinical trials, and expanding knowledge related to human disease and overall health. These tools are also extensively used during preclinical research for randomization in planning the study design and eliminating glitches. The growing prevalence of various chronic diseases such as cancer, hepatitis, HIV, and others has increased the need for effective therapeutics. This has significantly increased the use of bioinformatics tools and software in preclinical researches. All these factors are contributing to the growth of the global preclinical software for physiology data assessment and animal supervision market.

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Major Five Preclinical Software for Physiology Data Assessment and Animal Supervision Companies:

ADInstruments Pty Ltd.

ADInstruments Pty Ltd. operates its business through a unified product segment. The company offers LabChart for Research. This software groups the channel calculations, reports, and plots to gain insights for each application, both in humans and in animals or in vitro.

BIOPAC Systems Inc.

BIOPAC Systems Inc. operates its business through segments such as Research, Education, and Consumables. The company offers AcqKnowledge which is an interactive, intuitive program that allows instant viewing, measuring, transformation, replay, and analysis of data.

emka TECHNOLOGIES

emka TECHNOLOGIES operates its business through a unified segment. The company offers IOX2 Data Acquisition & Analysis Software. This software allows researchers to acquire, analyze, view, and store data generated during an experiment.

ETISENSE SAS

ETISENSE SAS operates its business through a Unified segment. The company offers DECRO-LASA Software. This software gives full control on data processing with a display at every stage of the analysis and capability to export raw data and analyzed parameters.

Harvard Bioscience Inc.

Harvard Bioscience Inc. operates its business through a unified segment. The company offers Ponemah Software, which is used by physiologists, pharmacologists, and toxicologists to confidently collect, accurately analyze, and quickly summarize data acquired from preclinical research.

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AI Aids DOD in Early Detection of COVID-19 – Department of Defense

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency and Defense Innovation Unit are applying commercial technology for early detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, which causes the COVID-19 coronavirus disease.

That technology is known as Rapid Analysis of Threat Exposure, or RATE, and it consists of non-invasive, wearable devices that provide early warning of infection up to 48 hours before a person becomes symptomatic, helping ensure military readiness, and protect against the threat of further spread of the disease, said DTRA Science and Technology Manager Ed Argenta.

Just like the ''check engine''warning that comes on in a car, said DIU Human Systems Director Dr. Christian Whitchurch, the system is designed to alert service personnel that something is wrong, leading them to pursue early diagnostic testing with their physician and then treatment.

RATE integrates consumer commercial-of-the-shelf wearables to measure key biomarkers. That data is then processed in the cloud to allow users to see their hourly RATE score through a secure website, he noted.

Data from 165 different biomarkers is collected by RATE and that data is then processed in the cloud to allow users to see their hourly RATE score through a secure website, he noted.

The innovative technology uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to increase effectiveness of detection, he added

Using RATE, researchers discovered that exposure to infectious agents causes subtle changes in people's physiology before they experience symptoms. Identifying these changes early in the infection is critical to containing the spread, as asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals don't yet show signs of infection, and can unwittingly spread the disease to others, Argenta said. An early warning solution could potentially alert people to their possible infection, and enable them to quarantine and change their behaviors sooner to avoid infecting others.

The RATE model was trained via AI and ML on 293,109 participants, including 256,320 controls and 36,782 with known hospital acquired infections and correlated to these common attributes: temperature, pulse oximeter and cardiac measures, he explained.

Dr. Joe Frassica, the chief medical officer and head of Philips Research North America, the company assisting DTRA, said ''As we continue to get new data from monitored cases of COVID-19, we will be able to refine the RATE-COVID algorithm in the near future. We hope that this will not only allow us to protect people from contracting the disease, but to also intervene early and treat those who are infected.''

Whitchurch said developing RATE began in March 2018, and it did test for another coronavirus, SARS, as well as pneumonia in that DTRA/DIU development prototype. As the effort quickly pivoted in 2020 to identifying COVID-19, the CARES Act provided additional funding for a total of $7 million to refine the technology.

The Defense Department is set to oversee an extensive rollout of RATE devices to nearly 5,000 people in the coming weeks, Whitchurch said. The Navy, Office of the Secretary of Defense and DTRA and DIU personnel began receiving RATE devices in June. U.S. Northern Command is receiving RATE devices this month and the U.S. Military Academy is slated to receive theirs next month.

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AI Aids DOD in Early Detection of COVID-19 - Department of Defense

New Research Illuminates Dominant Functions of Sleep and How They Change Through Our Lives | Medicine, Physiology – Sci-News.com

Before the age of 2 or 3 years, the human brain grows very rapidly and, during REM sleep, is busy building and strengthening synapses. After 2 or 3 years, however, sleeps primary purpose switches from brain building to brain maintenance and repair, a role it maintains for the rest of our lives, according to new research led by the University of California, Los Angeles.

Cao et al show that differences in sleep across phylogeny and during late ontogeny (after 2 or 3 years in humans) are primarily due to sleep functioning for repair or clearance, while changes in sleep during early ontogeny (before 2 or 3 years) primarily support neural reorganization and learning. Image credit: Sweet Briar College.

All animals naturally experience a certain amount of neurological damage during waking hours, and the resulting debris, including damaged genes and proteins within neurons, can build up and cause brain disease.

Sleep helps repair this damage and clear the debris essentially decluttering the brain and taking out the trash that can lead to serious illness.

Nearly all of this brain repair occurs during sleep, said study senior author Professor Van Savage, a researcher in the Departments of Computational Medicine and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Santa Fe Institute.

I was shocked how huge a change this is over a short period of time, and that this switch occurs when were so young. Its a transition that is analogous to when water freezes to ice.

Professor Savage and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Minnesota, Santa Fe Institute, Imperial College London, and the University of California, Los Angeles conducted the most comprehensive statistical analysis of sleep to date, using data from more than 60 sleep studies involving humans and other mammals.

The scientists examined data on sleep throughout development including total sleep time, REM sleep time, brain size and body size and built and tested a mathematical model to explain how sleep changes with brain and body size.

The data were remarkably consistent: all species experienced a dramatic decline in REM sleep when they reached the human developmental equivalent of about 2.5 years of age.

The fraction of time spent in REM sleep before and after that point was roughly the same, whether the researchers studied rabbits, rats, pigs or humans.

The authors found that REM sleep decreases with the growth in brain size throughout development.

While newborns spend about 50% of their sleep time in REM sleep, that falls to about 25% by the age of 10 and continues to decrease with age.

Adults older than 50 spend approximately 15% of their time asleep in REM.

The significant dropoff in REM sleep at about 2.5 years happens just as the major change in the function of sleep occurs, said study co-author Professor Gina Poe, a researcher in the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

For most adults, a regular 7.5 hours of sleep a night is normal and time lying awake doesnt count, she said.

While children need more sleep, babies need much more, roughly twice as much as adults.

The large percentage of REM sleep in babies is in stark contrast to the amount of REM sleep observed in adult mammals across an enormous range of brain sizes and body sizes.

Adult humans have five REM cycles during a full night of sleep and can have a few dreams in each cycle.

A good nights sleep is excellent medicine. And its free, she added.

The results were published in the September 18, 2020 issue of the journal Science Advances.

_____

Junyu Cao et al. 2020. Unraveling why we sleep: Quantitative analysis reveals abrupt transition from neural reorganization to repair in early development. Science Advances 6 (38): eaba0398; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0398

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From students to faculty: Alumni use their W&M experiences to teach the next generation – William & Mary News

Natoya Haskins Ph.D. 11, Associate Professor, School of Education: After growing up in Williamsburg, Haskins wanted to go a little farther from home for her undergraduate degree. When it came time to get her Ph.D., she knew she wanted to come back to William & Mary for its strong school counseling program. Photo by Stephen Salpukas

by Claire De Lisle, University Advancement | September 22, 2020

Whats it like to see William & Mary from both sides of the classroom as a student and then as a faculty member? In fall 2020, there were 50 faculty members in a wide variety of departments who are also undergraduate or graduate alumni of William & Mary.

Three alumni faculty members Daniel Maliniak 06, Natoya Haskins Ph.D. 11 and M. Brennan Harris 93 shared how their experiences as W&M students influence their teaching today.

Maliniak feels like he has come full circle. His journey to becoming a William & Mary professor began with a situation familiar to many students this year a pandemic interrupted his travel plans.

He was supposed to teach English in Vietnam during the summer between his freshman and sophomore years. Unfortunately, the SARS outbreak in southeast Asia prompted a travel ban. He went back to the professors who had given him letters of recommendation for the program to let them know.

My econ professor asked me if I had any interest in staying at W&M over the summer and doing research, he said. I thought, Im a freshman; I dont really know what research is or how I could be helpful, but sure!

He found himself working with Economics Professor Sarah Stafford (now also chair of the department) and another alumnus, Government Professor Mike Tierney 87, M.A. 88 (now the George & Mary Hylton Professor of International Relations and co-director of the Global Research Institute). He became a double major in economics and government and continued doing research semester after semester.

That summer changed everything. I realized all the incredible opportunities research could bring, he said. I thought it was really interesting and inspiring to add to what we knew about the world to stand on the shoulders of giants.

As Maliniaks graduation neared, Tierney encouraged him to consider a Ph.D. and perhaps become a professor. Maliniak went on to graduate school at the University of California, San Diego, then started applying for faculty jobs and found his way back to where his love of research all began.

This semester, hes co-teaching Introduction to Environmental Science and Policy with Doug DeBerry M.A. 89, Ph.D. 06, another W&M alumnus who is now a visiting assistant professor. Hes also teaching Global Environmental Governance. Both his classes are remote synchronous this semester, and his students are tuning in from all over the world.

Hes continuing a wide variety of research projects with students and postdocs, including looking at racial gerrymandering, the publics perception of environmental science issues and the promotion of democracy in the country of Georgia.

Maliniaks experience as a W&M undergraduate showed him just how important one-on-one interactions with professors can be in a students life. He serves as a first-year advisor and enjoys the opportunity to encourage students to take classes that he himself took as an undergraduate, sometimes with the same professors he had as a student.

It also showed him the importance of including students who may not have a 4.0 GPA in research.

I know the high quality of William & Mary students, so when I started teaching here I knew I could jump right into research with them, he said. Students who may not perform well on exams can shine in a lab or social science setting. Ive tried to recruit students into my research from a range of disciplines and learning styles to make sure they have these opportunities.

After growing up in Williamsburg, Haskins wanted to go a little farther from home for her undergraduate degree. She received her Bachelor of Science from James Madison University, then continued on to Virginia Commonwealth University and Virginia Union University for two masters degrees.

When it came time to get her Ph.D., though, she knew she wanted to come back to William & Mary for its strong school counseling program.

I was the only Black student in my cohort. In some ways, it was challenging, but it also allowed me to build a foundation as an expert in my subject area and break new ground, she said. Its been a great opportunity to be able to come back home and give back to my program and my community.

Haskins research focuses on the experiences of underrepresented students and faculty in counseling education. Drawing from her research and her own experience teaching at both the University of Georgia and William & Mary, she is continually looking for ways to support fellow Black women students, postdocs and faculty. For example, this October, she is launching a virtual affinity group for Black doctoral students nationwide.

We still have so much work to do to support our underrepresented faculty at research institutions, she said. It continues to be part of my journey and the work I do.

This semester, Haskins is teaching Advanced Theories and Qualitative Methods classes for doctoral students and an internship class for masters students. She also teaches Advanced Social Justice and Multicultural Counseling for doctoral students, which is a course she created and is now a requirement for the school counseling program.

Its one of those things that I wish Id had when I was a doc student, she said. Being able to come in and add to the educational experience has been one of the most rewarding pieces of coming back.

Haskins also directs the Social Justice and Diversity Graduate Research Fellows program, which supports and provides mentorship for graduate students conducting research in the areas of social justice and diversity.

This particular area of research is sadly one that tends to be marginalized, minimized and sometimes even invalidated as a rigorous type of research, Haskins said. So, we provide training and a supportive community for our students, and we bring in outside experts who are doing this type of research to share their perspectives.

This year, with the national spotlight focused on racial injustice nationwide, Haskins received more applications than ever from both white and underrepresented students who are interested in pursuing social justice research. And, as the pandemic moved classes and activities online, she also has been able to involve more nontraditional students, including those enrolled in online-only programs.

Shes found her discussions with students are just as rich in an online environment.

Racial issues are something that were talking about just about every class, she said. At this point it feels very natural, just talking about things that are happening around us, the impact that it has on us and our clients. At the department level, too, were having courageous conversations, and those spill over into our classrooms.

She also represents her fellow faculty members on the Faculty Assembly, where she says the tough conversations about diversity and equity continue.

Ive been heartened to see how President Katherine Rowe has really pushed the envelope in addressing diversity among the faculty, and Im excited to see who we become over the next five to 10 years, she said. We are becoming it, not just saying it.

Harris jokes that after growing up in Kansas and touring colleges in cold climates, William & Mary was the warmest and best choice for his undergraduate education.

It certainly worked out at William & Mary, he discovered his passion for kinesiology, met and married his wife, Terri Hamlett Harris 93, and embarked on a career inspiring the next generation of students.

He got off to a bit of a rocky start, though, training for triathlons instead of focusing on classes for his physics major. His advisor, Professor Hans von Baeyer, encouraged him to consider classes in what was then the physical education department and then changed to kinesiology his sophomore year (now health sciences). Harris ignored him until the second semester of his sophomore year, when he took a kinesiology class with Professor John Charles.Harris was hooked so much so that he changed his major to kinesiology and decided to go to graduate school in the subject.

My undergrad advisor in kinesiology was Professor Ken Kambis, who just retired this year. Before I graduated W&M, I asked him, You have a great job. What do I have to do to get your job? He told me to pursue the best research and the best academics, and he continued to advise me every step of the way, Harris said.

After a masters from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin and then postdoc in vascular biology at the Medical College of Georgia, Harris was hired into William & Marys faculty.

Now, he teaches Exercise Physiology, a class he took over about 15 years ago from his recently retired mentor, Kambis.

I felt really well prepared for my masters because of Kens course, Harris said. So I teach this course like a masters level class at other universities. Our students do us proud when they go on to their next steps.

He also teaches a first-year seminar titled Physiology of the Marathon, which is a writing-intensive course in the COLL Curriculum. As a student, he was in the pilot program for those seminars, and he saw firsthand how they can give students the tools they need to be successful in their educations.

I dont enjoy writing; Id much prefer to be moving, he said. I know there are students like me at William & Mary today, so I thought, How can I reach them? So I made my topic the physiology of the marathon something they wouldnt mind thinking and reading about, so they want to write.

One of his freshman seminar professors was George Greenia from the modern languages department, with whom Harris now works on research about the physical effects of walking pilgrimages through the Institute of Pilgrimage Studies.

Harris is also the principal investigator of the Molecular & Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory at William & Mary and continues to collaborate with Kambis at the Jack Borgenicht Hypoxia/Altitude Physiology Research Facility. Although human subject research is on hold during the pandemic, he continues to work with students on background research, planning and grant writing.

Over time, Harris has seen the his department transition from kinesiology to health sciences expanding its focus on nutrition and public health, as well as increase research opportunities for students. He is thankful to be part of it.

My wife and I, we love it here. We are glad we had the opportunity to come back, he said. W&M represents the sweet spot between doing research and teaching.

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From students to faculty: Alumni use their W&M experiences to teach the next generation - William & Mary News

AI-Based Digital Biomarker Could Assist in Early Intervention in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients – HospiMedica

Image: AI-Based Digital Biomarker Could Assist in Early Intervention in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients (Photo courtesy of Business Wire)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH Bethesda, MA, USA) have awarded a contract to PhysIQ (Chicago, IL, USA) to develop an AI-based COVID-19 Decompensation Index (CDI) Digital Biomarker to address the rapid decline of high-risk COVID-19 patients. The new early warning system under development could allow providers to intervene sooner when a COVID-19 patient is clinically surveilled from home and begins to worsen. Rather than relying on point measurements, such as temperature and SpO2, that are known to be lagging or insensitive indicators of COVID-19 decompensation, continuous multi-parameter vital signs will be used to establish a targeted biomarker for COVID-19.

PhysIQ will develop and validate a CDI algorithm that builds off existing wearable biosensor-derived analytics generated by physIQs pinpointIQ end-to-end cloud platform for continuous monitoring of physiology. The data will be gathered through a clinical study of COVID-19 positive patients and build upon work already in-place for monitoring COVID-19 patients convalescing at home. For patients who participate in the program, physiological data will be collected before and after their admission to the hospital.

In the development phase of this project, physIQ and its clinical partner will monitor participants who are confirmed COVID-19 positive, whether recovering at home or following a discharge from the hospital. During the validation phase, physIQ will evaluate lead time to event statistics, decompensation severity assessments, and the ability for CDI to predict decompensation severity. The study is designed to capture data from a large, diverse population to investigate CDI performance differences among subgroups based on sex/gender and racial/ethnic characteristics. The project will not only enable the development and validation of the CDI, but also collect rich clinical data correlative with outcomes and symptomology related to COVID-19 infection. The index will build on physIQs prior FDA-cleared, AI-based multivariate change index (MCI) that has amassed more than 1.5 million hours of physiologic data, supporting development of this targeted digital biomarker for COVID-19.

Despite the technological advances and attention paid to COVID-19, the healthcare community is still monitoring patient vitals the very same way as we did in the 1800s, said Steven Steinhubl MD, Director of Digital Medicine at Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) and a physIQ advisor. With the advances in digital technology, AI and wearable biosensors, we can deliver personalized medicine remotely giving caregivers new tools to proactively address this pandemic. For that reason alone, this decision by the NIH has the potential to have a monumental impact on our healthcare system and how we manage COVID-19 patients.

Related Links:The National Institutes of Health (NIH)PhysIQ

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AI-Based Digital Biomarker Could Assist in Early Intervention in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients - HospiMedica

NMSU researcher co-authors article on damaging effects of social isolation due to COVID-19 – Las Cruces Bulletin

By Adriana M. Chavez

While scientists and doctors are still working to understand the virus that causes COVID-19, the pandemic has also had many indirect effects on the health of people working remotely while in isolation.

A group of researchers from Australia and the U.S., including New Mexico State University, recently co-authored an article for the International Journal of Sports Science offering tips to increase physical activity, which will not only benefit physical health but mental health as well.

Joseph Berning, interim head of the Department of Kinesiology and Dance in NMSUs College of Education, co-authored COVID-19: Sedentary Isolation A Bad Combination. The article states that before the COVID-19 virus outbreak was declared a pandemic in March by the World Health Organization, people were already living mostly sedentary lifestyles.

While some people have bits and pieces of exercise equipment laying around at home, most do not and find themselves developing cabin fever staying at home, Berning said. The walls may seem to be closing in around you, which can be a source of stress in and of itself. Often times, unfortunately, when boredom or stress works its way into our lives, we tend to binge eat. Before you know it, youve gained five to 10 pounds of fat weight, the exact opposite of the definition of good health.

Berning and the articles co-authors have experience in higher education and research in applied and clinical exercise physiology for almost three decades each. Berning said he and his colleagues have adopted health and wellness as a lifestyle and exercise is a part of their normal daily routines.

When COVID-19 set in, nothing changed for each of us and our training routines, Berning said. In fact, because so many of us are working from home, we found we could actually increase workouts.

However, Berning and his colleagues have had to adapt to more time in front of their computers as online meetings have become the norm.

Online hasnt always made things easier and an argument can be made that online has actually created more meetings and therefore decreased our physical movement, Berning said. I admit, I find myself standing behind a computer from morning to night, and often seven days a week. I know the only way to combat this is to force yourself to get out and move.

According to the article, social isolation has been recognized to have a profound impact on health and longevity. Anxiety, depression, dementia and Alzheimers disease, among other mental health issues, have been shown to be related to social isolation. Major chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, obesity and weakened immune systems are also exacerbated by social isolation.

Our body was designed to work, be active and move, Berning said. We know relative to positive health, people who perform regular daily exercise live longer, experience less damaging health risks, experience fewer sick days per year, sleep better, perform better academically, decrease stress and maintain a higher quality of life.

Berning said that once people adopt physical exercise as a lifestyle, getting up to exercise isnt a forced activity, but a welcome one.

This research is so important because it reminds all of us that we need to keep moving, said Henrietta Pichon, interim dean of the College of Education. Hopefully, this can serve as a reminder to individuals that now is the best time to start or restart an exercise routine.

The article offers the following tips for physical activity: Move more, sit less. Accumulate at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity activity, such as walking briskly, dancing or general yard work; or 75 minutes a week of vigorous activity such as jogging, energetic dancing or heavy yard work. Perform muscle strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups two to three days a week.

The bottom line: dont make excuses. Berning said. Get up and off the chair or couch several times a day if even for 10 minutes at a time. This isnt about the perfect exercise prescription. This is about being active and the mental and physical health benefits associated with human movement.

Phillip Post, interim associate dean for academics in the College of Education, said the work and recommendations made in the article by Berning and his colleagues are more important than ever.

Currently there is no medication that can do what exercise can do for the body and mind, Post said. We know that exercise enhances the immune system, cognitive functioning, physiological functioning and emotional well-being. Given COVID-19, we could all reap the benefits of moving more and regularly incorporating exercise into our daily routine. I hope our community reads and adopts Dr. Bernings physical activity recommendations.

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NMSU researcher co-authors article on damaging effects of social isolation due to COVID-19 - Las Cruces Bulletin

STING: A hot target in immunology research and drug discovery – BioWorld Online

The importance of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in orchestrating the bodys innate response to pathogenic, tumor or self-DNA in the cytoplasm has made it a hot target in immunology research and drug discovery, and several biopharma companies have started programs dedicated to that area, spanning infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. The second part of this feature examines the products undergoing preclinical development as well as the ones that are now in clinical testing.

Preclinical development

In June, Mersana Therapeutics Inc., of Cambridge, Mass., which is developing antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapies to treat cancer, closed a public offering of $174.8 million. In its pipeline it has Immunosynthen STING-agonist ADCs and, at the AACR 2020 virtual meeting, it presented preclinical data on multiple candidates that showed complete tumor regressions that were observed after a single dose. Those data also showed that the Immunosynthen STING-agonist ADCs were more active (over 100-fold increased potency) with significantly lower induction of systemic cytokines when compared to intravenously administered unconjugated (free) agonist, demonstrating the potential to confer an improved therapeutic index. In addition, potent ADC-mediated tumor regression led to durable immunological memory in an immune competent model. The company said selection of its first candidate remains on track for this year.

Codiak Biosciences Inc., of Cambridge, Mass., which is working on the development of exosome-based therapeutics targeting solid tumors, filed this month with the SEC to raise up to $100 million in an IPO. The company originally filed for an IPO in April 2019, aiming to raise $86 million, but withdrew it a few months later, citing market conditions.

One of the lead product candidates in the companys pipeline is exoSTING for the treatment of multiple solid tumors. Developed from its engex platform, the company explains that it is designed to selectively activate the STING pathway in tumor-resident antigen-presenting cells and attract and expand immune effector cells in the tumor microenvironment. Data from the companys preclinical studies suggest that, when administered intratumorally, the compound generates potent, targeted and systemic antitumor immunity without inflammatory cytokine-driven adverse events. A phase I/II trial in patients with a select group of solid tumors is being planned.

Boston-based Silicon Therapeutics Inc. reported at the annual AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics last year preclinical studies on its small-molecule, intravenously delivered STING agonist, SITX-799, demonstrating the compound produced robust and durable antitumor immunity and tumor regression.

In vivo studies showed that a single dose of SITX-799 produced complete regression of colon cancer tumors in mice and robust induction of type I interferons. Cured mice were re-challenged with tumors 90 days after initial treatment and remained tumor free, demonstrating durable, antitumor immunity. No antitumor response to treatment was observed in mice lacking a functional immune system, demonstrating the immune-therapeutic mechanism of action. SITX-799 was shown to be well-tolerated and demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.

Onxeo SA, of Paris, said preclinical studies show OX-401, a PARP agonist, has strong antitumor activity and immunological properties. OX-401s antitumor activity was demonstrated in an animal model of breast cancer, related to PARP hyperactivation and diversion of its DNA repair function in specific tumor cells, the company said. The activity on PARP induces a strong engagement of the cGAS-STING pathway, as shown by the increase in key biomarkers of the tumor immune response, the company said. The next key preclinical milestone will be a study combining OX401 with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

In the clinic

In a research note, SVB Leerinks Daina Graybosch noted at the ongoing European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) virtual meeting, Merck & Co. Inc. reminded us that they are still interested in STING agonism, presenting a trial in progress poster for their phase II proof-of-concept trial in head and neck cancer.

The study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of intratumoral MK-1454, an investigational cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist, plus I.V. Keytruda (pembrolizumab) combination therapy vs. I.V. Keytruda anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic or unresectable recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Cambridge, Mass.-based Synlogic Inc. is using synthetic biology to develop therapeutics. A paper published in Nature Communications highlighted the use for its engineered bacteria to target STING activation in tumors and activate innate immune pathways. The paper highlights preclinical data supporting its first clinical immuno-oncology program, SYNB-1891, which is being evaluated in a phase I trial in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Data described in the publication demonstrate that SYNB-1891 treatment cleared tumors and stimulated antitumor immunity in preclinical models of cancer.

The product is an engineered strain of E. coli Nissle, that produces cyclic di-AMP, a stimulator of the STING pathway. Synlogic said it expects to release data from the monotherapy arm of this study late this year. After establishing a maximum tolerated dose as a monotherapy, a planned second arm of the study will involve subjects receiving escalating dose levels of SYNB-1891 in combination with a fixed dose of the checkpoint inhibitor Tecentriq (atezolizumab, Roche Holding AG) to establish a recommended dose for the combination regimen.

Noxopharm Ltd. is developing Veyonda, which has two main drug actions inhibition of sphingosine kinase and inhibition of STING signaling that provides an anti-inflammatory effect, also contributing to an anticancer action, but also potentially blocking sepsis.

It has recently begun a phase I Noxcovid-1 study in COVID-19 patients. The company believes the mechanism of action prevents the progression of the disease via the STING pathway into the cytokine storm leading onto septic shock. The study will involve approximately 40 patients and a range of doses of Veyonda will be administered to patients hospitalized with moderate symptoms who are at high risk of tipping over into a cytokine storm and developing septic shock.

One of the key endpoints is the effect of treatment on blood cytokine levels, and findings of the study are anticipated to be released in early-2021.

Venture capital

Ventus Therapeutics Inc. received $60 million from a series A funding to help leverage insights from its structural biology programs for inflammasome activation and cGAS-Sting signaling. The signal pathways underpinning those two sensory systems contain a significant number of validated drug targets that Ventus will be actively interrogating.

Actym Therapeutics Inc., of Berkeley, Calif., said it completed a $34 million series A financing led by Boehringer Ingelheim Venture Fund and Panacea Venture, with participation from Illumina Ventures, Korea Investment Partners and Jlo Ventures. The company will use the proceeds to advance development of immunotherapies from its microbial-based STACT (S. Typhimurium Attenuated Cancer Therapy) platform into the clinic for the treatment of various cancers, which includes a potentially first-in-class, systemically administered STING pathway agonist.

In May, Toronto-based Portage Biotech Inc. made an additional 900,000 (US$1.05 million) investment in its associate, Stimunity, a Paris-based cancer immunotherapy company focused on STING. The company had reached a significant milestone in its preclinical development plan and the additional financing will enable it to start the manufacturing of its biologic STING activating cGAMP- Virus-Like Particle (STI-001) lead compound.

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STING: A hot target in immunology research and drug discovery - BioWorld Online