Biochemistry

"Even cooked carrots can trigger allergic reactions" – hortidaily.com

The consumption of raw carrots triggers allergic reactions in many people. Contrary to popular belief, cooked carrots can also have this effect. This was recently discovered by a research team at the University of Bayreuth. The carrot's allergen, Dau c 1, assumes a structure that is harmless to allergy sufferers when highly heated. However, as soon as the temperature drops, it largely regains its natural structure. The researchers present their study in the journal "Molecular Nutrition & Food Research".

"The results of our research clearly suggest that sufferers who are sensitive to the carrot allergen should generally avoid eating carrots. Heating carrots does not destroy or only incompletely destroys the protein structures that can cause allergic reactions ", says Prof. Dr. Birgitta Whrl from the Biochemistry IV research group at the University of Bayreuth. "The risk of allergy patients developing an allergic reaction arises not only when eating freshly cooked carrots or canned carrots. It also arises when carrot extract is added to food," adds Thessa Jacob M.Sc., first author of the study and PhD student at the Biochemistry IV research group.

The natural carrot allergen Dau c 1 is actually a mixture of several, structurally very similar proteins. These so-called isoallergens were produced individually in the laboratory in bacteria. Both the protein mixture of the natural Dau c 1 and the individual isoallergens were examined at temperatures up to 95 degrees Celsius to see how their structures change upon increasing and decreasing the temperature. This analysis showed that the natural mixture and almost all isoallergens are still capable of causing allergies after cooling down to 25 degrees Celsius. Despite the previous heating, antibodies present in the organism of allergy patients will still trigger allergic reactions. Although in some cases this effect is less pronounced than before heating, it is generally maintained.

"This is the first time that the Dau c 1 isoallergens have been subjected to such an extensive series of tests. The separate examination of the structurally similar molecules was particularly important to us in order to determine which of the isoallergens trigger immune reactions under the tested conditions," says Thessa Jacob M.Sc.

The tests clearly showed that the structural stability of the carrot allergen does not depend on temperature alone. Acidity, as expressed by the pH value, is also important. Of particular interest is pH value 3, which typically prevails in the stomach after food intake. At this level of acidity and at normal room temperature, at least some epitopes can continue to exist despite previous heating. Epitopes are those molecular substructures by which the immune system of allergy sufferers recognises the respective allergen, allowing an allergic reaction to occur.

In their structural investigations of the Dau c 1 isoallergens, the researchers mainly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and CD spectroscopy in laboratories on the Bayreuth campus. For other analytical procedures, they received support from the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Langen and from Nano Temper Technologies in Munich.

Publication:Thessa Jacob et al.: Food Processing Does Not Abolish the Allergenicity of the Carrot Allergen Dau c 1: Influence of pH, Temperature, and the Food Matrix. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2020), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000334

For more information:Thessa Jacob M.Sc.Biochemistry IV - BiopolymersUniversity of BayreuthPhone: +49 (0)921 55 3869E-mail: thessa.jacob@uni-bayreuth.dewww.uni-bayreuth.de/en

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"Even cooked carrots can trigger allergic reactions" - hortidaily.com

Genetics

A Remarkable Run: Rothschild Reflects on 50 Years of Genetics – Pork Magazine

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A Remarkable Run: Rothschild Reflects on 50 Years of Genetics - Pork Magazine

Genetics

Genetic Study Uncovers Mutation Associated with Fibromuscular Dysplasia – University of Michigan Health System News

Understanding of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), a rare blood vessel disease, is making the jump from the laboratory to the clinic with new findings about a genetic variant.

Researchers found the mutation in a gene that is associated with classical Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome as well, in multifocal FMD. That means it could help clinicians understand whether a person inherited the disease from a relative or another mechanism, in affected families.

We identified four independent families with the same genetic variant in COL5A1 and vascular disease in a pattern of dysplasia-associated arterial disease, including arterial dissections and multifocal FMD, says senior author Santhi Ganesh, M.D., an associate professor of internal medicine and human genetics, and a cardiologist at the Michigan Medicine Frankel Cardiovascular Center. Notably, the variant appears to have been inherited from a shared ancestral founder.

Ganesh says the implication of this finding is that other carriers of this variant may exist in the population. The pattern of arterial involvement among carriers of the COL5A1 G514S variant is unique, providing clinicians with clues for when to suspect its involvement.

The identified genetic variant meets clinical criteria for pathogenicity a first for FMD, she says.

Further, additional variants in the COL5A1 gene were associated with a higher rate of arterial dissections among individuals with multifocal FMD.

Paper cited: A Novel Recurrent COL5A1 Genetic Variant Is Associated With a Dysplasia-Associated Arterial Disease Exhibiting Dissections and Fibromuscular Dysplasia. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313885

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Genetic Study Uncovers Mutation Associated with Fibromuscular Dysplasia - University of Michigan Health System News

Genetics

Unsuspecting Wadsworth woman finds close relatives through genetic testing – News 5 Cleveland

WADSWORTH, Ohio High-tech genetic ancestry tests retail for a couple hundred dollars.

You get to find out all this information about genetics and all of that, Tiffany Leonard said.

But the gift Leonard received after shipping off a quick swab of her saliva was priceless.

So I didn't know a lot about any genetics or medical issues that ran in our family, Leonard said. So that's really the focus of it, was to find out that stuff. I got a lot more than I bargained for.

Growing up, Leonard said she had questions about where she came from, but she was raised by a loving father and kept that skepticism tucked away for years.

I looked at the results and that was the end of it. I never looked at it again, Leonard said. My dad used to say he wasn't really sure if I was his or not because I had white hair and everybody else had brown hair.

However, she said her 23andMe results were impossible to ignore.

You'll have lots of relatives that you are like barely connected with, Leonard said. It says first cousins and second cousins. And I was like, That's weird because my dad was an only child.

Through some digging and connecting with relatives she discovered through the ancestry program, she learned the man who raised her was not her biological father.

So, of course, my whole world is reeling, Leonard said.

For more than a decade, her biological father was living just miles away.

He called me and said, Im your dad. And I was mind blown, Leonard said. And Ive worked at the hospital for 13 years and Ive passed his house for the last 13 years.

As a successful woman with three children of her own, Leonard said the last year has given her a mirror and a history she never knew existed.

I can see where my personal qualities come from, like walking into the screen door, and that part's been really fun, Leonard said. You kind of just stare at each other like, Holy mackerel. That's my dad.

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Unsuspecting Wadsworth woman finds close relatives through genetic testing - News 5 Cleveland

Human Behavior

Instagram and indiscretion are on the shame page – northglenn-thorntonsentinel.com

Instagram, Instagram, wherefore art thou, Instagram and why?

I guess it must be good for something.

But not a day goes by that someone isnt apologizing or being shamed, slammed or threatened because of something they posted on Instagram.

Is it worth it to put a comment or photo on Instagram?

People: People are mean. When are you going to learn?

It sounds like you can troll and run. Or leave your fingerprints and start a feud.

Why?

Who needs this? One billion is who.

As of May 2019, Instagram had 1 billion users.

I keep noticing celebrities and others apologizing for or pouting about something on their Instagram accounts.

No one is forced into social media, except, I suppose, by the urgency of peer pressure.

But by now it should be apparent that almost anything posted is likely to be subjected to ridicule, flak, and (a word that social media seemed to spawn) shaming.

Yahoo! must think informing us whenever a personality is shamed is a requisite of good journalism.

And it seems some personalities cant win. Id name them, but it would just be dogpiling, like ballplayers used to do after a walk-off home run. Now they simply gather and hop up and down near home plate.

I dont have any evidence, but I am going to pretend I do and say many of us have taken to the internet as never before during the coronavirus as a source of entertainment as well as information.

There sits a celebrity wearing a mask or not wearing a mask, or scoffing at local no-gathering ordinances, hosting a bash.

Remember barbershops? Before appointments became routine, youd wait your turn and look at magazines and newspapers that youd never see anywhere else. Its where I first saw the National Enquirer. The lurid headlines beckoned me.

Dachshund abducted by aliens, becomes their leader.

Who isnt fascinated by the behavior of others?

The behavior of others is credited with the genesis of an expression.

What was he thinking?

Jay Leno famously asked Hugh Grant, What were you thinking?

If none of us made bad choices, wed have no news, no documentaries, no films, no literature, and fewer attorneys.

Human behavior frequently exasperates me. But a persons weight loss or gain or plastic surgery has never caused me to berate or belittle them online.

One study showed that graffiti is progressive. Someone tags a wall and it gives others permission to do the same.

Likewise, shaming.

There was a back-and-forth debate online about a photo posted by a woman you may know that showed her, fully clothed, with her husband, fully clothed. It was criticized because of the location of her husbands hand on her body.

There are far racier hamburger commercials, but for certain conservatives it was highly inappropriate and deserving of backlash.

I am not on social media. Good thing. If I were I can only imagine.

Dont you own a comb?

Looks like youve discovered donuts.

Kids (remember Art Linkletter) say the darndest things. So does everyone else. Some of us even do the darndest things.

Craig Marshall Smith is an artist, educator and Highlands Ranch resident. He can be reached at craigmarshallsmith@comcast.net.

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Instagram and indiscretion are on the shame page - northglenn-thorntonsentinel.com

Human Behavior

How a tiny company paved the way for Big Tech and big problems – Christian Science Monitor

Sixty years ago, a little-known company called the Simulmatics Corporation claimed credit for helping elect John F. Kennedy president by inventing a computer program that could predict human behavior.

Simulmatics a portmanteau of simulation and automatic used bulky IBM computers to vacuum up punch cards full of data on slivers of the electorate and then spit out predictions about what voters might do. The Kennedy campaign followed Simulmaticss recommendation to address anti-Catholic prejudice head-on, something the candidate might have done anyway.

The publicity-savvy company used the buzz generated about its Kennedy campaign to get hired by Madison Avenue advertising firms. Then, as the 1960s took a darker turn, Simulmatics tried to guide counter-insurgency programs abroad and predict race riots at home.

To historian Jill Lepore, Simulmaticss creators are the long-dead, white-whiskered grandfathers of contemporary tech titans like Facebooks Mark Zuckerberg and Googles Sergey Brin, and the origin of the data analytics and algorithms that dominate our lives. At least, thats what Lepore argues in her latest book, If Then: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future.

Lepore, a Harvard professor and prolific New Yorker staff writer and book author, stumbled upon this missing link in the history of technology while researching a 2015 article on the use of data science in elections.

The challenge in writing this book is that, as Lepore admits, Simulmatics wasnt terribly effective during its decade or so in existence. The real Simulmatics Corporation was a tiny, struggling company, its technicians bumbling, its accounts disastrous. It soared and then it sank, like a helium balloon, Lepore writes.

Ad agencies quickly developed their own simulations to rival Simulmatics. The companys efforts to help The New York Times instantly analyze election results in 1962 proved disastrous. Simulmaticss contracts with the U.S. government in Vietnam ended with accusations of mismanagement and fraud.

Nevertheless, Lepore argues that Simulmaticss long-term influence extended well beyond its modest impact at the time, helping invent the data-mad and near-totalitarian twenty-first century, in which the only knowledge that counts is prediction.

Simulmatics certainly generated plenty of press thanks to its founder Ed Greenfield, a Madison Avenue ad man Lepore describes as a flimflam man and huckster who sold nothing so well as himself.

The idea that political campaigns could use technology to manipulate voters tapped into public anxiety about how new-fangled computers might take over the world. Eugene Burdick, for example, wrote a 1964 political thriller that used Simulmatics as the model for a sinister company that meddled with the presidential election using IBM computers.

Lepore devotes the first third of her book to introducing a cast of fascinating characters central to the Simulmatics. Burdick is one; he was a dashing Stanford political science professor and a prolific author who was once featured in Ballantine Ale ads wearing a scuba suit.

Burdick also did some work for Greenfield before becoming a fierce critic of his efforts to predict and manipulate voter behavior. His better-known dystopian novels, The Ugly American and Fail-Safe, both got turned into movies, and he would probably merit his own biography.

Another main character is Ithiel de Sola Pool, who before joining the company, developed the theory of social networks that came to undergird all social media companies. Pools work for Simulmatics made him a magnet for anti-war protestors before he emerged as a prophet to technological utopians. Lepore credits Pool with writing the founding political theory of the Internet.

Unfortunately, too much of the book is focused on introducing the cast, like a heist movie where the portion of the film devoted to assembling the team to pull off the job gets more screen time than the crime itself.

The book is also weighed down by Lepores efforts to use Simulmatics to tell the entire history of the 1960s from Kennedys Camelot era through the anti-war movement. Simulmatics was largely a bit player in most of these events, and the general history often reads like filler.

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Lepore, to put it mildly, doesnt buy into data analytics hype. As a historian, she is understandably dismissive of Big Techs obsession with predicting the future at the expense of the past. [T]omorrow is not all that matters, Lepore writes. Nor is technology, or the next president, or the best dog food. What matters is what remains, endures, and cures.

Seth Stern is an editor at Bloomberg Law.

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How a tiny company paved the way for Big Tech and big problems - Christian Science Monitor

Human Behavior

Relationship Between Video Games and Gun Violence Is Not What You Think – CSUF News

Concerns about the link between video gaming and gun violence may be overestimated, according to new research from Ofir Turel, professor of information systems and decision sciences at Cal State Fullerton.

Turel's research found that American adolescents ages 13-17, who game at low to moderate levels (a few minutes to 2.8 hours per day), are less likely to bring guns to school, compared to those who do not play video games. Presumably, lower levels of gaming can instead help protect adolescents by keeping them occupied with games rather than obtaining guns.

"There has been an ongoing and unresolved debate on the potential role of video games in driving aggressive, including gun-related behaviors," said Turel. "I sought to take a different look at the issue, by taking a balanced view, and pointing to the preventative role of games, in addition to their (small) potential to be associated with aggressive behaviors."

His theory proposed that video gaming and bringing a gun to school have a U-shaped association rather than a linear one. Previous research theorized that the more time spent playing video games, the more gun-related behaviors a person would exhibit, and vice versa, but results were inconsistent.

Using secondary data from 2012-17 national surveys of eighth- and 10th-grade students collected during class time at middle and high schools, he divided the sample of 51,322 students into two three-year sets (2012-14 and 2015-17) and performed statistical analyses on both for replication and validation purposes.

While Turel's findings suggest that the protective effect of gaming wears off at much higher levels of gaming (over five hours a day) and may then be associated with having aggressive, gun-related behavior, further research is needed to solidify this relationship.

He hopes that "... others study video games and aggressive behaviors in both experimental and natural settings and manage a control for many social and personal factors beyond the ones I used in my study, such that we eventually get a better understanding of if and how video games might relate to offline aggressions."

Read Turel's research in "Videogames and Guns in Adolescents: Preliminary Tests of a Bipartite Association," recently published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior.

Both data sets aboveshow the "U"-shaped relationship Turel hypothesized, suggesting gaming has a protective effect on thoseplaying less than five hours a day relative to those who don't game at all.

Contact: Karen Lindell,klindell@fullerton.edu

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Relationship Between Video Games and Gun Violence Is Not What You Think - CSUF News

Human Behavior

Grief and Geology Both Take Time in The Book of Unconformities – The New York Times

Rocks allow the contemplation of scale deep time, in McPhees words. They allow Raffles to tell the story of Manhattan, for example, from its very formation a jeweled paradise, with its fat veins of minerals. They also testify to a particular seam of human history, one of resource extraction, rapacity and systematic abuse. An unconformity is the geological term for a discontinuity in the deposition of sediment, in Raffless words. Put another way, its a physical manifestation of a gap in time. The stones in this book tell strikingly similar stories stories whose contours we might know, but whose details and particular, individual impacts have been lost or blunted.

Theres a trend for nonfiction to make large claims of how some phenomenon or another makes us human language, cooking, navigation, even animals. Raffles, however, traces how influence works in the opposite direction, how human behavior transforms the natural world. Theres no narrative here that is not also an account of human avarice. In one chapter, Raffles travels to Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago whose beaches comprise a grisly memento mori, covered with blubberstones gravel mingled with rendered fat, vestiges of the mass killings of seals and whales.

How lucid this book sounds in summary. In fact, Raffles is serenely indifferent to the imperatives and ordinary satisfactions of conventional storytelling. Character, coherence, a legible and meaningful structure these are not his concerns. The organization of the book feels profoundly random. There are no attempts to suture together the various stories, no attempts to enact something learned by the author. The photographs accompanying the text are dim and blotchy, and Raffles favors slabs of prose unbroken by punctuation. I intend all this as praise.

The epigraph, lines from Seamus Heaney, prepares us: Compose in darkness. / Expect aurora borealis / in the long foray / but no cascade of light. There is no great dawning of understanding; clarity arrives in sudden shafts and any coherence is for us to supply. Raffles makes us sift for meaning; how do they connect, these juxtaposed narratives about Indigenous history, whaling, his sister Frankis photographs of women at work?

Were called to engage in that signal human activity: interpretation. What intuition the book requires, what detective work and what magic tricks it performs. Stones speak, lost time leaves a literal record and, strangest of all, the consolation the writer seeks in the permanence of rocks, in their vast history, he finds instead in their vulnerability, caprice and still-unfolding story. In Svalbard, he regards the jagged coastline one wreck companionably observing another. He quotes the painter Anselm Kiefer: A ruin is not a catastrophe. It is the moment when things can start again.

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Grief and Geology Both Take Time in The Book of Unconformities - The New York Times

Human Behavior

Let Your Hair Down: The presence of toxic masculinity The Daily Free Press – Daily Free Press

We live in a world cluttered with outdated ideas of how men and women should be. Society often resorts to pasting labels onto different kinds of people in an attempt to simplify human behavior and make uncomplicated explanations for things that are often difficult to understand.

We see this time and time again: people create categories and rules about how others should look and act so that they themselves feel more comfortable.

This allows individuals to live in an untouched reality that molds itself solely to their opinions and affirms only their beliefs a reality they can control, make sense of and define in their particular terms. Meanwhile, they remain firmly unreceptive to new ideas or experiences alternate to their own.

Toxic masculinity is a direct product of this phenomenon, and rests on a rigid, fixed construct of how men should look, think and act. It is rooted in the notion that emotions are weaknesses, men must maintain an appearance of hardness, violence is an indicator of power, and sex and brutality are measurements of conquest and worth.

Toxic masculinity suggests that traits like stamina, resilience and ambition belong exclusively to the male gender. It claims other characteristics, such as self-awareness and empathy, are feminine and therefore unimportant and feeble these are ideas fully wrapped in gender stereotypes and sexism.

It should be noted that masculinity alone is not a problem, but toxic masculinity absolutely is. Without context, the term toxic masculinity can initially sound insulting, even a little aggressive. Far too often, it is completely misunderstood as an assertion that all men are naturally violent.

Toxic is not meant to denote masculinity or any other kind of self-expression. The phrase is used to analyze a form of gendered behavior that results from repressive ideologies of what it means to be masculine in society.

Although heterosexual males can take credit for the development of this dangerous brand of masculinity, it is not exclusive to the heteronormative community. The effects of toxic masculinity span across all kinds of contexts, including the gay community.

Due to the identity boxes that categorize heterosexual men, queer men are subject to an overwhelming list of stereotypes defining how their sexuality should look to others.

A common example of this can be seen through one of the double standards that separates bisexual women from bisexual men. While women who have sex with both men and other women may be approached with a level of acceptance and are often viewed as just experimenting, queer men often battle an assertion that they must be fully straight or gay.

This comes from a place of associating hyper-femininity with homosexuality among men.

The traditional gender construct that fuels toxic masculinity makes no space for men to also experiment. It suggests that if men are attracted to both women and men, they are simply gay or confused. Society often rejects the concept of bisexual men in its entirety, yet accepts that of women this is heavily rooted in the hyper-sexualization of females.

These culturally appropriate versions of manliness and sexuality are extremely problematic. They can feel absolutely suffocating for those who do not fall directly in alignment with those standards. The traditional masculine ideology denies people the freedom to actually explore what it means to be male.

Each of us is much more than just one single thing. In terms of sexual beings, the way we view ourselves is dependent on our own individual journeys and relationships with ourselves and the world around us it is no ones concern, nor place, to say what that should look like.

Toxic masculinity demands conformity at the risk of judgment. When it comes to self-identity, there is nothing more personal, undefinable and individualized than our sexuality. Just like all the aspects that piece together our sense of self, sexuality is flexible, evolving and self-conceptualized.

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Let Your Hair Down: The presence of toxic masculinity The Daily Free Press - Daily Free Press

Human Behavior

Editorial: Bet on Biden to stand up to climate change – The Columbus Dispatch

Staff Writer| The Columbus Dispatch

With the West Coast ablaze and the Gulf Coast drowning, Mother Nature is making a persuasive argument for climate change to play a decisive role in the upcoming presidential election.

Never mind the old adage that you cant do anything about the weather. Scientists have been warning for decades about devastation linked to human activity; they say a public policy focus on carbon emissions can, and must, make a difference.

There may be no issue that presents a clearer choice between President Donald Trump and his challenger, former Vice President Joe Biden.

Trump is a staunch science denier who has spent much of his 3 1/2 years in office undoing about 100 climate regulations enacted in previous administrations.

Biden is ramping up rhetoric on the environment, labeling Trump a climate arsonist and touting his $2 trillion four-year plan with a goal of producing 100% clean energy by 2035.

We need a president who respects science, who understands that the damage from climate change is already here and that unless we take urgent action, itll soon be more catastrophic, Biden said in a Monday speech.

For his part, Trumps plan is to wait and hope things get better on their own.

"It'll start getting cooler. You just watch," the president told a panel of California state officials Monday outside Sacramento.

They had just described West Coast wild fires that have claimed dozens of lives, destroyed thousands of homes and businesses and charred millions of acres. Out-of-control blazes once more common in California are now leveling towns and threatening suburbs in Oregon and Washington as well.

"I wish science agreed with you," Wade Crowfoot, Californias natural resources secretary, responded to Trump.

Confirming his credentials as a denier, Trump answered, "I don't think science knows, actually."

Meanwhile, Hurricane Sally soaked coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama in a week that saw five active cyclones all churning in the Atlantic Ocean at the same time something that has happened only once before, in 1971.

Voters should review the most recent State of the Climate report released in August by the American Meteorological Society. The National Centers for Environmental Information is responsible for creating this 30th annual report, drawn from contributions by more than 520 scientists in 60 countries around the world.

The report for 2019 highlights many indicators of a warming planet; among them:

Record high levels of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

Near record high global surface temperatures, which puts 2019 among the three warmest years since record-keeping began in the mid-1800s, with July 2019 as the hottest month recorded and each of the past six years being the warmest six years recorded.

Sea surface temperatures as the second-highest recorded, just below highs set in 2016 with a strong El Nino influence.

Record global sea level, setting a new high mark for the eighth year in a row, driven by melting glaciers and ice sheets.

Above average tropical cyclones, with 96 named tropical storms during the storm seasons of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, compared with an average of 82 from 1981-2010, and with five of them reaching the highest level of Category 5 intensity, where wind speeds exceed 155 mph.

These are among the data that scientists cite in support of consistent conclusions that Earths climate is being impacted by human behavior and that changing our behavior can help mitigate the damage.

Critics like to say that Trump tries to greenwash his record on the environment, claiming contrary to the evidence that he is the number one environmental president since Teddy Roosevelt.

HuffPost reported Sept. 8 that Roosevelt protected more than 230 million acres of federal land by establishing five national parks, 18 national monuments and dozens of national forests and wildlife refuges. Trump, by comparison, has weakened protections for 35 million acres and protected just 37,000 acres, HuffPost said.

Biden also takes some flak from environmentalists, but mostly for not going as far left as some in his Democratic Party would. But as he worked for party unity following a contentious primary season, Biden has stepped up proposals for addressing climate change and is selling his plan as economic development.

The former vice president vows to create 1 million jobs with carmakers and suppliers by transforming the federal fleet of vehicles from gas to electric and building 500,000 electric vehicle charging stations along the nations highways. Biden also sees job growth in cleaning up abandoned oil and gas wells and polluted industrial sites.

The Trump record on the environment is best assessed by his actions, not his words. He went against allies and domestic pleas to take the United States out of the Paris agreement on climate change, is opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil and gas exploration, has reduced restrictions on air and water pollution and has moved to repeal about 100 environmental regulations.

Most telling, he has called climate change a hoax his code word for just about anything that threatens his personal and family business interests.

Biden sides with scientists around the world in calling out the harmful effects of continuing to rely on carbon-based fossil fuels and offers a plan to invest in a future fueled by cleaner energy.

The differences between the Republican president and former Democratic vice president on the environment are stark, and Trump is on the wrong side of this issue.

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Editorial: Bet on Biden to stand up to climate change - The Columbus Dispatch