The Crown, George Clooney in GQ, and Greys Anatomy – The Ringer

Juliet Litman and Amanda Dobbins are discussing their passions: the fourth season of The Crown and the introduction to Princess Diana (1:00), George Clooneys profile in GQ in which he discloses how he gave 14 friends $1 million (22:42), and McDreamy making a special appearance on the latest episode of Greys Anatomy (32:00).

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The Crown, George Clooney in GQ, and Greys Anatomy - The Ringer

Patrick Dempseys Return to Greys Anatomy Was Extremely Heartfelt and Organic – Us Weekly

An epic homecoming. Patrick Dempseys unexpected return to Greys Anatomy on Thursday, November 12, proved to be a great experience for the cast and crew.

The timing for Patricks return had finally come. He was extremely professional, friendly, funny, and his chemistry with Ellen [Pompeo] was still there, a source tells Us Weekly exclusively. The crew enjoyed the time with Patrick, and there was a lot of catching up.

The source added that the Greys Anatomy team are a big family and Patrick may have left it for a bit, but as families do, they come back together. It was extremely heartfelt and organic to watch it all.

The Bridget Joness Baby actor, 54, exited the long-running medical drama in April 2015 after portraying Dr. Derek Shepherd (a.k.a. McDreamy) for nearly 11 years. In his final episode, his character died after a tragic car crash.

This month, Dempseys deceased character returned to the show for its season 17 premiere. During the episodes final moments, Meredith Grey (Pompeo) was found unconscious in a hospital parking lot. When they cut to her thought process in her mind, Meredith was reuniting with her former husband, Derek (Dempsey), on the beach.

After the episode aired, Pompeo, 51, told Deadline that having the reunion occur amid a time of so much darkness was meant to serve as a ray of light for longtime fans. Dempsey, for his part, said that they had a ball filming the special moment.

I think the whole atmosphere has changed, certainly working at the beach, and seeing everybody again was really a very healing process, and really rewarding, and a lot of fun, he explained to the publication on Thursday. And hopefully, that feeling translates, and the fans enjoy it. I know that theyve been wanting us to get back together, and I think this will satisfy a lot of people, and surprise a lot of people, hopefully.

Following his departure in 2015, the Cant Buy Me Love actor spoke with Entertainment Weekly about how his dramatic exit came to be. It just sort of unfolded in a very organic way, he said at the time. I dont remember the date. It was not in the fall. Maybe February or March. It happened very quickly.

Dempsey also noted that being on the acclaimed series impacted his personal life, adding, Its 10 months, 15 hours a day. You never know your schedule, so your kid asks you, What are you doing on Monday? and you go, I dont know, because I dont know my schedule. Doing that for 11 years is challenging. What I would like to do is focus on not being spread so thin. Those days are over!

Greys Anatomy airs on ABC Thursdays at 9 p.m. ET.

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Patrick Dempseys Return to Greys Anatomy Was Extremely Heartfelt and Organic - Us Weekly

Debbie Allen On The Future Of Greys Anatomy: I Think It Can Keep Going – ETCanada.com

By Aynslee Darmon.2 hours ago

Debbie Allen hopes Greys Anatomy will keep going.

The actress, 70, who plays Dr. Catherine Avery/Fox on the hit medical drama, joined Andy Cohen on SiriusXMs Radio Andy and discussed the shows future after 17 successful seasons.

How much longer do you think Greys will go? Cohen asked.

RELATED: Debbie Allens Reimagined Nutcracker Takes Center Stage In New Shonda Rhimes Doc Watch The Trailer!

The show is better this year than ever, Allen said.

Adding, This was supposed to be out last year but Im not sure I think it can keep going.

RELATED: Ellen Pompeo, Debbie Allen, Krista Vernoff & Chandra Wilson Discuss The End Of Greys Anatomy

Allens comments come just days after Greys won big at the Peoples Choice Awards. Not only did the series win TV Show but Ellen Pompeo also took home Female TV Star for her role as Meredith Grey.

Allen has been a series regular on Greys since 2011 as Dr. Jackson Averys (Jesse Williams) mother. As of season 12, she served as an executive producer.

Greys Anatomy has been on the air since 2005.

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Debbie Allen On The Future Of Greys Anatomy: I Think It Can Keep Going - ETCanada.com

‘Grey’s Anatomy’: People Love Richard So Much They Forget All the Terrible Things He’s Done – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

There are some characters that seem to have a knack for getting away with almost anything, and on Greys Anatomy, Dr. Richard Webber is at the top of the list.

He has been forgiven for things other doctors would have been sued or arrested for, but fans on Reddit are rooting for Webber anyway. So what has he done that is worthy of being fired for, and why does everyone love him in spite of it?

Dr Richard Webber, played by James Pickens, Jr., watches over everyone who works at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. The doctors under him often find themselves spilling their guts to him, even though hes their boss. Few employers in real life are able to earn the love and trust of those working under him the way Richard Webber does.

He has a very close relationship with several of his employees, such as Derek Shepherd, Miranda Bailey, and Meredith Grey. He often makes decisions to protect them that could cost him his career. The most memorable incident was when he took the fall for Merediths choice to mess with Dereks medical trial in order to save Adele. He was forced to step down as the chief of surgery as a result.

Perhaps its the charm James Pickens, Jr. brings to the character, but Richard Webber has a way of drawing in both other characters and fans in spite of his many flaws.

RELATED: Some Greys Anatomy Fans Had No Sympathy for Callie During Her Custody Battle for Sophia

While Webber is like a father figure, he has committed several acts that would be considered medical malpractice in the real world. This could result in lawsuits or even jail time. Still, Webber always seems to get away with it.

While Webber is most remembered for cheating on his wife with Merediths mom and tearing up a bar, there are a number of times on the show when he has been less than ethical.

According to one fan on Reddit: Operated on people drunk. Cheated on Adele. Went along with cheating the clinical trial for Adele. Covered for Izzie cutting LVAD wires. Thats just off the top of my head.

To be fair, hes not the only one. Christina Yang and Izzy Stevens were once caught taking money to show off a tumor removed from a patient. Later, several new interns decided to perform procedures on themselves when Yang refused to teach them, and that was just in the first few seasons.

Ben Warren performed an emergency C-Section on a patient in the hallway, which resulted in both mother and child dying. Callie Torres was one of the few doctors who found herself in court when she left a sponge inside of a patient, but she refused to admit she had done anything wrong and was found not guilty.

Time after time, doctors are fired and reinstated on Greys Anatomy even though they are guilty of committing some truly spectacular mistakes. In spite of this, they are portrayed as the best of the best, and fans tend to forgive them because it seems like their heart is in the right place.

Webber has lost many of his cheerleaders. Some of the things hes done over the years hasnt sat right with some viewers, and his failure to even attempt to save his marriage with Catherine was the last straw for many fans.

In spite of all this, its entirely possible that Webber will win fans back over, especially given his current diagnosis. As one Reddit user put it, Lmfao FACTS. Operating on patients DRUNK?! Hes a wild boy for that one! But all these problematic Richie tales make me adore him more.

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Grey’s Anatomy: The 5 Most Annoying Things Izzie Ever Did (& 5 Sweetest) – Screen Rant

Izzie may no longer be a part of Grey's Anatomy, but all of the great and not-so-great things she did left an indelible mark.

The hit ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy has made fans laugh, cry, and share every joy and pain in the central protagonist Meredith Grey's life for sixteen long years.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: 5 Times Izzie Stevens Was An Overrated Character (& 5 She Was Underrated)

Izzie or Isobel Stevens was one of the primary characters in Meredith's gang for the first several seasons. She was one of the most compassionate and soft-hearted of the lot and some of the main storylines in the earlier seasons revolved around her. However, despite being the sweetest, there were also moments when Izzie could be exceptionally annoying.

Izzie was shown to be best friends with George O' Malley, and his only confidante for a time. But their charming little friendship took a turn for the weird when Izzie started hating Callie, with whom George had a whirlwind relationship and marriage.

Not only did she hate Calliefor no apparent reason, but also started poisoning George against her. True, George might have got into a commitment without a lot of foresight, but Izzie's constant poking into something that was none of her business was literally annoying.

Izzie was the only one among Meredith'sgang of friends who never gave up on Alex Karev even though the latter was nothing but an insolent smartmouth to all and sundry.

Izzie had faith in Alex when no one else did and she was one of the reasons that Alex gradually became a more mellow, humane, and genial individual. It was unbelievably sweet of Izzie and of course, the two eventually fell in love.

One of the weirdest and most annoying storylines in the earlier seasons of Grey's Anatomy was the awkward relationship between Izzie and George. Although both were fan favorites, a sexual relationship between the two made absolutely no sense and was actually rather frustrating.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: 20 Things Wrong With Izzie Stevens We All Choose To Ignore

Moreover, Georgeand Izzie sleeping together, with George ending up cheating on Callie, went against the grain of both characters who were shown to be good people who would never hurt anyone intentionally. Thankfully, the writers probably realized that the couple made no sense as such and discarded that particular plot.

Izzie was always the most compassionate and human of the surgical interns and could be incredibly sweet at times.

She went out of her way to help a patient who didn't speak her language, and couldn't communicate with her. But she never gave up and went out in secret on a rainy evening to help her patient, who was an illegal immigrant and couldn't afford the treatment.

One of the primary storylines involvingIzzie Stevens in season 2 was when she tried to save her patient, and lover, Denny Duquette's life, by famously cutting the L-Vad wire so that Denny would be bumped to the top of the heart transplant list.

While the gesture resulted from absolute desperation and deep love, it was also extremely thoughtless and annoying since Izzie risked putting not only her own but also the careers of all her friends who had known that she had literally stolen a heart for Denny that wasn't supposed to go to him in the first place.

Denny died shockingly even after all the desperate measurestaken by Izzie and left her a whopping 8.7 million dollars.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: The 5 Best (& 5 Worst) Doctors On Call

Izzie caused a lot of panicamong her roommates like George and Meredith when she didn't deposit the check straight away. Finally though, instead of using the money for her own gain, Izzie, true to her compassionate self, gave it to Bailey to kick start the free clinic, the Denny Duquette Memorial Clinic, which was meant to offer medical services to patients for free. It was a lovely decision and the perfect way to commemorate Denny.

Another time Izzie nagged someone and brought on the fans' ire on her was when she suspected Ava of lying to Alex about her pregnancy, with the intention of getting rid of a rival.

The Alex-Ava storyline was definitely poorly conceived but Izzie's zealous interference, again, into something that didn't really concern her was annoying to watch.She clearly had feelings for Alex but could have let him figure out about Ava's mental condition on his own, instead of behaving like a bull in a china shop.

Izzie was soft-hearted, which extended not only to other people around her but also to animals in need.

When a young boy and his father showed up with an injured deer, it was Izzie who didn't give up in spite of all her interns making fun of her for wasting time on an animal. She even managed to save the deer in the end, proving she had both tenacity and goodness of heart.

After Izzie started recovering from her surgery, she and Alex got into a tiff, and Izzie eventually left, without so much as a word to anybody, let alone to Alex.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: Why Meredith and Izzie Aren't Real Friends

Other than the fact that actress Katherine Heigl who played Izzie was leaving the show, the exit was sudden and frustrating since Izzie had become a primary character on the show over the years. And for someone like her to leave her husband without a word seemed bizarre and abrupt.

In season 16, it was revealed that Izzie had gone on to recover completely from her cancer and had even had kids.She had undergone artificial insemination with Alex's sperms that the two had frozen years ago with a lot of foresight.

The fact that Izzie Stevens. Alex's one great love had had his twins who were happy and healthy did leave a lot of fans teary-eyed, even if that meant an abrupt departure for Alex Karev. Izzie, always a good, sweet soul, kept true to Alex after all.

NEXT:Grey's Anatomy: 10 Other Ways Alex Karev Could Have Left The Show

Next Bob's Burgers: 10 Scenes Gene Proved He Was The Funniest Character

Surangama, or Sue, as she is called by many, has been writing on films, television, literature, social issues for over a decade now. A teacher, writer, and editor, she loves nothing better than to curl up on a lazy afternoon with her favorite book, or with a pen and a notebook (a laptop would have to do!) and a foaming cuppa tea on the side.

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Grey's Anatomy: The 5 Most Annoying Things Izzie Ever Did (& 5 Sweetest) - Screen Rant

Grey’s Anatomy: 10 Things That Make No Sense About The Patients – Screen Rant

Fans might not realize it, but a lot of the patients' storylines and cases on Grey's Anatomy don't exactly make a lot of sense.

ConsideringGrey's Anatomy has over 350 episodes, it's safe to say that fans believe the writers are doing a good job. From the dynamic characters to the intriguing storylines, the viewers love to tune in to see what their favorite surgeons are getting up to. However, that is not to say that there aren't some things they wouldn't want to change.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: 10 Unpopular Opinions (According To Reddit)

Fans might not realize but a lot of the patients' storylines and cases don't exactly make a lot of sense. Sometimes it's because of a writing inconsistency. Sometimes it's because of a continuity error but most of the time it's because of medical inaccuracy.Here are some examples.

Over the last 17 seasons, there have been a lot of characters that have been on death's door. In season 14, fans were surprised to see April's life hang in the balance after she got in an accident, which resulted in her falling into a lake. When April arrived at the hospital, it was revealed that she had no pulse and was hypothermic.

For hours, the viewers saw the doctors take several turns to help keep the circulation going, eventually placing her on bypass. However, what didn't make sense is why they spent hours working on April when she wasn't stable. There have been plenty of episodes where the doctors have called time on a patient after they had been down 20 minutes. Why doesn't the same procedure apply here when April was in a worse condition?

In one of the show's most controversial storylines, the viewers also saw the loyalties between the Grey-Sloan surgeons were divided after it was revealed that Alex had almost beat Deluca to death. Fans were shocked to see the extent of his injuries, especially as Jackson informed everyone that Deluca had suffered a broken nose, a fractured eye socket, and a fractured clavicle.

When fans got a glimpse of Deluca, it was clear that he was going to be out of commission for weeks. However, fans were quite surprised to see him back at work just a couple of days after the attack. Considering the operation he had, was it practical for him to be scrubbing in on surgeries? Surely, the recovery time is usually longer.

Within the last 17 years, fans will also agree that there has been a lot of romances that have had quite an impact on fans. But that's not to say all of them were well-received by fans. A prime example of this being the Denny Duquette saga.

RELATED:10 Biggest (& Best) Romantic Gestures In Grey's Anatomy

The writers made it out to be a tragic love story. However, hindsight has made a few people change their minds. Not only was this relationship unethical and unprofessional, but why would they become engaged when they didn't know anything about each other personally. If Denny really loved Izzie, he would have at least told her about his family life and not allow her to be ambushed by his father.

Another patient storyline that didn't make much sense was the one where a patient watched an adult movie for pain relief. In season 2, Bailey and the interns were taken aback when they discovered that one of their patients was watching an erotic movie on the tv to help with his pain management.

Although he ran into a problem when the power cut out, he managed to find a new form of relief when Cristina decided to tell him a story. However, what fans can't seem to figure out is why he didn't have a back-up plan. Could he not have been more discreet by bringing a portable DVD player? Or an erotic novel? While he didn't deserve to be in pain, it did seem like he was embarrassing his wife. This situation did look like it could have been avoided.

If there was one episode in season 2 that stood out the most, it would have to be the one where there was a bomb threat. Here, the viewers saw Meredith, Cristina, Derek, and Burke put their lives on the line as they worked to extract the bomb out of the patient's abdomen while attempting to keep him alive.

However, what fans can't seem to figure out is how the patient managed to come out of the operation healthy and well. Not only did he spend a few hours being moved from room to room (while his chest was open) but the rocket did explode. In fact, it caused quite a bit of destruction to the corridor and almost killed Meredith. How did Burke manage to keep a steady hand when it went off?

Although season 5 was a fan favorite, most fans will agree that it still had some faults. One plot the viewers couldn't seem to understand is how the writers approached Izzie's tumor. As many fans remember, Izzie began to hallucinate that Denny was alive and began a romantic relationship with him.

RELATED:Grey's Anatomy: 10 Storylines They Completely Ignored

What didn't make sense to fans was why Izzie took so long to figure it out. She recognized that something was wrong but was quite happy to remain oblivious to the problem. She even allowed it to distract her from her work-life. Considering she was a doctor, it seemed irrational and irresponsible to do so. It also felt a little strange that a tumor (with a 5% survival rate) didn't have any long term effects.

Season 8 was also seen to have some very memorable medical cases. There was the miracle of heart-in-the-box, the conjoined twins' separation case, Callie rebuilding a man's hand from scratch, and Derek managing to successfully remove an 'inoperable' tumor. However, no one could forget the woman who had a pet lion.

It's quite apparent where the issue lies in this case. For one, fans didn't understand why and how she kept a lion as a pet. How did none of her neighbors hear it when they were at home? How did she even acquire the feline in the first place? Logically, it made no sense whatsoever.

As many people know, there have been some strange operations that have been dramatic and action-packed. However, there is the odd occasion where the writers have thought too much 'outside of the box.' This could be seen in the season 4 finale when the surgeons were seen working on a teenager who got himself stuck in concrete.

While some fans loved it, some viewers in the medical community found some issues with the plotline. Theystatedthat not onlywould the appliance of vinegar have "caused more burns" but electrolyte abnormalities would be "unlikely." If this is true then the writers may have to improve their researching skills.

During the early stages of the chief resident race, fans saw Sydney Heron and Bailey square off and fight for control in the clinic. Since Sydney and Bailey were concentrating too much on their rivalry, they almost discharged a patient who had spinal fluid leaking out of his nose.

In this instance, what didn't make sense was the patient's background history. If this was his fourth time returning to the clinic, why had the doctors attempted to brush him off again? All previous treatment hadn't worked so why didn't they order the extensive tests the second time he came?

Another bizarre case that fans would never forget was the one where a patient fell 12,000ft and survived. In season 4, the surgeons were all shocked to discover the patient alive and well after the EMTs revealed he had been in a bad skydiving accident.

Along with the rest of the fans, the surgeons were even more surprised to discover that Rick had managed to walk away with no serious injuries. He only needed an appendectomy. However, this was where the problem lay. There was no way that he would have no internal injuries or damaged organs. His head and back would have definitely taken some damage.

NEXT:Grey's Anatomy: 5 Best Character Arcs (& 5 Most Disappointing)

Next The 10 Best Episodes Of Yellowstone, According To IMDb

A writer, reader and tv fanatic, Kayleigh enjoys reading movie news and your film reviews. She has attained an Undergraduate degree in Creative Writing and is also the creator of the film and television blog 'The Critics' Corner'.

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Asgardian Anatomy: The Weirdest Things About Thor and Marvel’s Other Gods – CBR – Comic Book Resources

One of the Marvel Universe's oldest races has some of its strangest secrets, and they're locked away in the anatomy of the Asgardians.

Thor is far from alone when it comes to Marvel's pantheon, and he has a whole host of his cast made up of other Asgardians ready to follow him into battle. This superhuman race of near-immortals walked the Earth for millennia, with powers so fantastical they were worshipped as gods by premodern humanity.

Science came a long way in the past few centuries, however, and if there's one thing Marvel Handbooks love digging into, it's the anatomy of fascinating beings like the Asgardians. With that said, here are some of the things that really make Asgardians distinct.

RELATED:Thor: Marvel Reveals The Missing Link In The Asgardian's Family Tree

Though specific Asgardians like Thor and Odin havemarvelous powersgreater than any of their counterparts, even the average Asgardian's physique is superior to mortal human beings. With dense muscle and bone tissue that promotes physical strength exceeding 30 tons, evena run-of-the-millAsgardian warrior is a sight to behold on the battlefield. Their bodies produce fewer fatigue toxins and stand up to immense punishment, making it easy to see why they earned such a divine reputation.

When a more groundedapproach to these superbeings isn't being taken, a frequent mainstay in the lore of Asgardians is the immortal nature that makes them akin to gods. They age at a mere fraction of the rate of human beings, and as an extra layer of security, they have an astonishing ability to endure and regenerate from any damage they do sustain.

During macabre experiments, Dr. Doom even found that Asgardians are ableto survive without a heart and can completely regrow it under the right conditions. However, while history has shown that Asgardians can be killed, don't be surprised when they are reborn, as the cycle of Ragnarok demanded eons of death and rebirth as a part of their godly life cycles.

RELATED:Marvel Introduces Thors DAUGHTER - and Shes Got Her Own Hammer

Given their intrinsically divine nature, Asgardians have an advanced ability to generate and manipulate energy. This causes notable Asgardians to become capable magicians or sorcerers, such as the Enchantress, but even those who do not focus on magic show a talent for the manipulation of energy. Lower tier Asgardians likeSkurgeand Baldur can channel beams of energy through their weapons, although it's important to keep in mind that weapons are often the focus. Most Asgardians would rather swing an ax than wave a wand, so much of this potential goes untapped.

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Asgardian Anatomy: The Weirdest Things About Thor and Marvel's Other Gods - CBR - Comic Book Resources

Grey’s Anatomy cast: 19 famous guest stars and celebrity cameos from the last fifteen years – 9TheFIX

Grey's Anatomy has been on the air for 15 years, so it makes sense that a lot of big Hollywood names have popped up for guest slots over the last 16 seasons.

Established actors like Christina Ricci and Sarah Paulson have graced the halls of Seattle Grace hospital, as well as some young actors who went on to have big careers: Millie Bobby Brown and Abigail Breslin, to name a few.

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Yale team finds way to protect genetic privacy in research – Yale News

(Illustration by Wendolyn Hill)

The era of functional genomics has enabled scientists to analyze massive amounts of data on cellular activity in disease and health. The more these data are shared between labs, the greater the power scientists have for finding genes linked to disease.

This widespread sharing of functional genomics data, however, creates a conundrum as it also makes the genetic privacy of individuals harder to protect.

In a new report, a team of Yale scientists has developed a way to protect peoples private genetic information while preserving the benefits of a free exchange of functional genomics data between researchers.

The report, published Nov. 12 in the journal Cell, was led by senior authorMark Gerstein, the Albert L Williams Professor of Biomedical Informatics and professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry, of computer science, and of statistics and data science, and first authorGamze Gursoy, a postdoctoral researcher in Gersteins lab.

Genetic information is the most fundamental information of all, Gerstein said. If somebody gets access to your financial information, you can still get a new credit card. But once a genome is in a database, you are stuck and so are your children and grandchildren.

Genetic information is the most fundamental information of all. If somebody gets access to your financial information, you can still get a new credit card. But once a genome is in a database, you are stuck and so are your children and grandchildren.

Mark Gerstein

The widespread use of genetic testing by services such as Ancestry.com has already allowed individuals to identify relatives they had not known about. However, the huge genetic databases collected by scientists potentially can also be used for less benign uses.

For instance, a person with malicious intent and possession of DNA taken from a coffee cup could in theory identify a person who has HIV if that person had previously participated in a study about AIDs. In addition to the potential threat of blackmail, life insurance companies could refuse coverage for that individual. Similar risks exist for others who are, say, at high risk of developing cancer.

The privacy risk spans generations. Since individual genomic data are never erased, the grandson of a man with schizophrenia might one day face discrimination because of his inherited genetic predisposition for developing the disease.

There are societal risks as well. For instance, hostile foreign governments could hack databases looking for potentially damaging genetic information about U.S. citizens. Or authoritarian governments could use some data, as in so-called eugenics programs, to identify and harm individuals with undesirable traits.

Genetics has a problematic history, Gerstein says.

To overcome these privacy threats, Gursoy and Gerstein developed a method to quantify how much data from studies might be leaking or contain information that identifies individuals in the study. They then were able to sanitize or block access to small amounts of individually identifiable genetic information, while preserving the great majority of data for use by researchers.

We can protect individual privacy while still encouraging people to participate in genetic studies that are undeniably good for society, Gerstein said.

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Yale team finds way to protect genetic privacy in research - Yale News

Study: The Link Between ApoE4 and Genetic Ancestries of Latinx Population – Being Patient

While researchers have known that the ApoE4 genetic variant is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimers and related dementias, this finding is largely based on studies of people of European descent.

In a recent study published in the journal Alzheimers & Dementia, scientists found that the Amerindian (indigenous American) genetic ancestry is linked to a protective effect against the risk of ApoE4 on significant cognitive decline, furthering their understanding of how the genetic variant may have different effects among populations of Latino backgrounds.

Latinx populations suffer more from Alzheimers and dementia than other populations, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, an author on the study and a research fellow in the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders at Brigham and Womens Hospital, said in a news release.

Historically, Latinx populations have been underrepresented in research, especially genetic research, she said. But our findings highlight how important it is to look beyond European ancestry and European genetic risk factors to understand in what ways genetics may or may not contribute to their risk.

Granot-Hershkovitz and colleagues examined data of 4,183 Latinx individuals from Cuban, Central American, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American backgrounds with a mean age of 62.

The participants, who had European, African, and Amerindian genetic ancestries, received cognitive assessments after an average of seven years since their first assessment. Because many of them were too young to have developed Alzheimers and related dementias, the researchers examined related conditions such as significant cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, which can be precursors of dementia, while controlling for variables such as age and education.

The researchers found that ApoE4 was linked to the risk of cognitive decline in Latinx populations, especially for Cubans who had the lowest proportion of Amerindian ancestry compared to those with other backgrounds. They then found that a greater proportion of Amerindian genetic ancestry may protect againstthe risk of cognitive decline which accompanies ApoE4.

Lifestyle and environmental factors ranging from smoking and nutrition to sleep and air pollution may also play a role, the researchers noted, and future studies with older Latino populations that account for these factors is needed to tease out the associations.

Meanwhile, the study as well as past research focusing on Latino populations may help researchers better understand how APOE is linked to Alzheimers and related dementias in diverse populations, the scientists wrote, which can advance the development of personalized risk prediction and strategies to address Latinos health disparities in neurodegenerative aging and disorders.

Latinx populations should know that they are represented in this area of genetic research now, Granot-Hershkovitz said. Its not easy to participate in a research study, but there are revelatory findings from this amazing dataset, and hopefully there will be more in the future. This brings us a step further in addressing Latinx health disparities.

Contact Nicholas Chan at nicholas@beingpatient.com

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Study: The Link Between ApoE4 and Genetic Ancestries of Latinx Population - Being Patient