OCTC to offer 4-week winter session – The Owensboro Times

Owensboro Community & Technical College will offer a condensed four-week winter session due to the popularity of the initial offering in 2019. This term will begin on Dec. 14 and run through Jan. 10.

The session will include online courses in a condensed format, including Accounting; Principles of Marketing; Introduction to Art; Introduction to Biology; Basic Anatomy/Physiology with lab and Basic Anatomy/Physiology Lab (paired courses); Human Anatomy and Physiology/Human A7P with Lab (paired courses); Introduction to Computers; Basic Public Speaking; Introduction to Interpersonal Communication; and History of Women in America.

For the full listing of OCTC Winter session courses,click here. This is an opportunity for students to get ahead, catch up, or lighten their course load for future semesters.

Registration is open now and will continue through Dec. 14.

New students can sign up in person at the START Center, located in the upper level of the Campus Center at 4800 New Hartford Road, open 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m Monday through Thursday.

For a virtual or scheduled appointment new students may emailoctc.startcenter@kctcs.edu or call 270-686-4522.

Current students may register online or see an advisor in the Pathfinder Den, located in the lower level of the Campus Center.or a personal or virtual appointment students may call 270-686-4683 or emailoctc.pathfinderden@kctcs.edu.

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OCTC to offer 4-week winter session - The Owensboro Times

December: optimal stress levels | News and features – University of Bristol

Scientists have created an evolutionary model to predict how animals should react in stressful situations.

Almost all organisms have fast-acting stress responses, which help them respond to threats but being stressed uses energy, and chronic stress can be damaging.

The new study by an international team, including researchers from the Universities of Bristol and Exeter, suggests most animals remain stressed for longer than is optimal after a stress-inducing incident.

The reasons for this are not clear, but one possibility is that there is a limit to how quickly the body can remove stress hormones from circulation.

While the physiological basis for the stress response system has been extensively studied, we previously understood remarkably little about why this system has evolved,"saidDr Sian Englishfrom the University of Bristols School of Biological Sciences.

Weve shown that considering both mechanisms of hormone clearance, and features of the environment - how predictable the threat is across time - can help explain the universal stress response, and how it varies.

Our findings are all the more relevant today when we live in such uncertain times, and stress being a topic of every day discussion."

Dr English worked with experts in mathematical modelling, including Bristol Professor, John McNamara and Dr Tim Fawcett from the University of Exeter, to develop the conceptual framework and to consider the broader implications on stress in fish, birds and mammals.

We have created one of the first mathematical models to understand how organisms have evolved to deal with stressful events," said Dr Fawcett.

It combines existing research on stress physiology in a variety of organisms with analysis of optimal responses that balance the costs and benefits of stress.

We know stress responses vary hugely between different species and even among individuals of the same species as we see in humans.

Our study is a step towards understanding why stress responses are so variable.

The researchers define stress as the process of an organism responding to stressors (threats and challenges in their environment), including both detection and the stress response itself.

A key point highlighted in the study is the importance of how predictable threats are.

The model suggests that an animal living in a dangerous environment should have a high "baseline" stress level, while an animal in a safer environment would benefit from being able to raise and reduce stress levels rapidly.

"Our approach reveals environmental predictability and physiological limits as key factors shaping the evolution of stress responses," said lead author Professor Barbara Taborsky, of the University of Bern.

"More research is needed to advance scientific understanding of how this core physiological system has evolved."

The study was carried out by the universities of Bern, Exeter, Bristol, Stockholm and Turku, and the Brain Mind Institute at cole polytechnique fdrale de Lausanne.

Funding was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation.

Paper:

Towards an evolutionary theory of stress responses, by Taborsky, B., English, S., Fawcett, T.W. et al.; in Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

Life Sciences at the University of BristolThe Faculty of Life Sciences brings together the five Schools of:

We have a long-standing tradition of excellence in research and teaching. Our broad range of expertise opens up a wealth of opportunities for all our students. Hereyou can study a range of challenging, research-focused, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, all taught in the context of world-leading research environments, usingspecialist equipment and facilities. We also work closely with the Faculty of Health Sciences contributing to the delivery of the University's three professional programmes:Medicine,DentistryandVeterinary Science.

Our research addresses a range of the important challenges in the life sciences. From tackling ecosystem and global change, to innovation in fundamental biosciences for better human, animal, plant and ocean health. From understanding animal and human behaviour and wellbeing, to developing future synthetic biotechnologies and so driving the UK's bioeconomy. Early career research training in the faculty is supported by a powerful range of3 and 4 year Doctoral Training Programmes.

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December: optimal stress levels | News and features - University of Bristol

Elf Physiology, According to Lord of the Rings | CBR – CBR – Comic Book Resources

The Lord of the Rings' Elves are the height of grace amongst fantasy species, unique in their physiology and abilities.

The Elves in The Lord of the Rings are, in many ways, what people think of when they think of the mythical species theclassic, archetypical fantasy Elves with their lithe forms and mystical countenances. However, Tolkien's version of the beings is still unique, as there are many different interpretations of them throughout folklore. The Elves of The Lord of the Rings have specific characteristics that make them particularly special.

Elves are some of the Children of Ilvatar (the others being Men), and Ilvatar is this universe's supreme being. They were the first species to find Middle-earth. Some other names of the Elves are Quendi, which means "those who speak" in Quenya (one of the primary languages spoken by Elves),and Minnnar, which means "Firstborn." Elves are considered the closest beings to the Valar, who are akin to angels in this universe, and the Vala Orom was specifically bonded to the Elves. He was the one that prompted the arrest of the evil Melkor, who is akin to the devil, and the Sundering of the Elves.

RELATED: How Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings Movies Changed the Book's Characters

The Elves are split into groups, which are defined less by physical differences and more by the choices of their forebears. The Avari Elves, chose to remain in Middle-earth after Orom suggested they migrate to Valinor, the "Land of the Valar," in Aman, the "blessed realm;" others, theVanyar and the oldor, were quick to make the journey, while the Teleri arrived later and were therefore seen as lesser, and these groups became the Eldar. In Valinor, they learned to excel in art, building and metalwork. After Melkor escaped, sowed chaos in Valinor and prompted a war, some Elves returned to Middle-earth and lived there until the Third Age, when The Lord of the Rings takes place. This includes the Elves of Rivendell and Mirkwood, who are featured most prominently in the story. The Rivendell elves are some of the oldor, while Mirkwood's population is comprised of Sindar and Silvan Elves, descended from the Teleri.

Like many fictional immortal species, Elves are somewhat immortal not in the sense that they cannot be killed, but in the sense that they are long-lived, it is incredibly difficult to kill them and they are immune to things like age and illness. Some Elves have healing powers, which are connected to their fa or spirit, and can also create items to aid in healing. Physical injury can kill them, however, and they are capable of wasting away if they lose their will to live. When Elves do die, they pass to the Halls of Mandos in Valinor, where they wait and reflect on their lives until, (unless they do not wish to be or have committed serious crimes in their lives) they are reincarnated. If an Elf with mortal ancestry chooses to become fully mortal, like Arwen (Liv Tyler) did, they will be able to die of natural causes.

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Elf Physiology, According to Lord of the Rings | CBR - CBR - Comic Book Resources

In Alzheimers, Connection Between Bone, Brain, and Microbiome May Be Critical – Newswise

Newswise TROY, NY - An estimated 50 million people worldwide live with dementia, a syndrome that progressively affects a persons cognitive function. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia, but a full understanding of the mechanisms behind how and why it occurs remains elusive.

With the support of a new grant from the National Institutes of Health, a team from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute will examine the interactions between the brain, bone, and the gut microbiota in relation to Alzheimers disease. What the researchers learn could lead to new biomarker and therapeutic discoveries for both diagnosis and treatment.

We believe that we live in a very bone-centric world, said Deepak Vashishth, the director of the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) at Rensselaer. Anything that goes on in the body is somehow stored in bone, so it has a memory.

Vashishth, a foremost expert on osteoporosis, is leading this research with Blanca Barquera, a professor of biological sciences and member of CBIS. Their angle on Alzheimers is unique.

They are focusing their efforts on osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein that affects a number of physiological processes, including energy expenditure and glucose levels. Osteocalcin also has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, where it binds to neurons and affects the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Our theory is that the bone produces a protein, osteocalcin, which gets modified or not modified by the microbiome and then affects the brain function, Vashishth said. We are trying to determine if there is a correlation and a mechanistic link between the two, especially in the context of Alzheimers disease.

In the microbiota the collection of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that live inside the human body vitamin K, produced by some bacteria in the gut, regulates carboxylation, which in turn regulates the level of osteocalcin in the body. An altered composition of bacteria in the gut could affect vitamin K production, therefore affecting the level of osteocalcin in the body. Distorted levels of osteocalcin may affect glucose metabolism, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end-products, which are linked to Alzheimers disease and diabetes-related skeletal fragility.

This project, a collaboration between an engineer who studies bones and a biochemist who studies bacterial physiology, is an example of how fruitful interdisciplinary cooperation can be, Barquera said.

This collaboration embodies the New Polytechnic model that drives education and research at Rensselaer. Leaning on Vashishths expertise in bone health and Barqueras expertise on the gut microbiota, the team will determine the bone and microbiome alterations that happen alongside Alzheimers progression. Vashishth and Barquera will evaluate the effects of altering vitamin K production by gut bacteria on carboxylated osteocalcin, which may affect the onset of Alzheimers disease.

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In Alzheimers, Connection Between Bone, Brain, and Microbiome May Be Critical - Newswise

Lindsey Bryant: a track and field star for the Wildcats – The Orion

Ryan McCasland/Chico State Sports Information

Lindsey Bryant, a sophomore and exercise physiology major who is a current member of the high jump/javelin track and field team at Chico State.

Lindsey Bryant is a sophomore at Chico State and is a member of the womens track and field team. Bryant was born in Paradise and attended Durham High School.

Bryant represents the team as a member of the high jump and javelin squad. Bryants mom participated with the track and field team at Chico State as well, so the family legacy has been of great inspiration.

My mom did track at Chico State, Bryant said. She opened me up to the idea of doing it at Durham High School and from there, I fell in love with it. I missed it once I graduated high school.

Before coronavirus shut down the teams season last semester, Bryant got a chance to compete in an event called The Stanislaus State Kim Duyst International in Turlock, California on March 6 and 7.

In the final results of the Womens High Jump, Bryant finished in a three way tie for 11th place at 1.48m. She also took home ninth place in the Womens Javelin competition with a mark of 31.27m.

Even though sports are halted this semester, Bryant still finds ways to stay active so that when it comes time to return to action, she is ready to go.

I run on my own time, Bryant said. Ive been getting big into yoga because thats good for the mind especially with everything going on. I do workouts at home trying to stay fit that way.

While Bryant may not be out on the field competing, she does manage to keep strong relationships and friendships going with her roommates, Jacqueline Massey-Blake and Lara Condosta, both of which are also on the track and field team.

Shes very laid back, Condosta said. Shes one of the chillest people Ive ever met. She has a funny personality. Shes very honest in the best way. Shes just a very real friend.

When Bryant is not hanging with her friends, she is working hard in school and has a dog who she has a strong relationship with.

Im an exercise physiology major, Bryant said. I have a dog named Ace. He is my pride and joy. I spend a lot of time with him. I take him on walks and things like that.

With the pandemic going on and all classes being on Zoom, Bryants head coach Robert Nooney stays in touch with the team pretty regularly to make sure everyone is doing good. Nooney has a strong relationship with Bryant and has nothing but positive things to say about her.

Shes a local gal, Nooney said. Thats always really cool. Shes a very good athlete. Shes super positive and a great teammate. It was almost as if she had been with our team for a while.

Outside of just talking with one another whether its on the phone or via Zoom, Nooney and Bryant have even had a chance to workout together outside of school.

Ive had a chance to connect with her (Lindsey) in person just a few times weve done some curbside meetups, Nooney said. On Monday I would do the workout with her in the hills. It was fun. We didnt say much at times because we were training and we were tired, but I think there was that connection and that respect.

Alex Martin can be reached at [emailprotected] or @alexmartinjour on Twitter.

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Lindsey Bryant: a track and field star for the Wildcats - The Orion

Stunning imagery on display in 2020 ASCB Image and Video Contest – Newswise

Newswise The American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) hosted its second image and video contest, and we could not be more delighted with all entries that were submitted this year. We received 55 submissions in total, and they represent some of the most stunning cell biology visualizations and imaging techniques you can imagine.

Congratulations to the winners (see below) of the 2020 Cell Bio Image & Video Contest! Click here to see a video of all the winning images and videos.

Entries were judged by members of the ASCB Public Information Committee. Choosing winners was a difficult task. They looked for striking images that feature any aspect of cell biological research, including light and electron micrographs, movies, images of gels or other assays, data visualization, and computer simulations. Submissions were either still images or short (up to 15 seconds) videos. Click to see a gallery of all the submissions here.

Image Winners

1st place (tie) Aidan Fenix, University of Washington: Through the Worm Hole

1st place (tie) James Hayes and Dylan Burnette, Vanderbilt University: The Incredible Hulk of Cells: The Cardiac Myocyte

1st place (tie) Nilay Taneja, Vanderbilt University: Human Cardiac Myocyte

2nd place Dylan Burnette, Vanderbilt University: Actin Filaments, Mitochondria, and Golgi Apparatus

3rd place James Hayes and Dylan Burnette, Vanderbilt University: Natures Disco Ball

Video Winners

1st place Andrew Moore, Howard Hughes Medical Institute: Actin Dynamics in an Interphase HeLa Cell

2nd place Grace Hsu and Janet Iwasa, University of Utah: TRIM5 Forming a Lattice around HIV Capsid

3rd place Dylan Burnette, Vanderbilt University: Actin Filaments in a Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Z Series

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Stunning imagery on display in 2020 ASCB Image and Video Contest - Newswise

Planet of the Apes redux? Human brain gene inserted into monkey fetuses enlarged their brains, raising ethical concerns – Genetic Literacy Project

Researchers from Germanys Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Germany and Japans Central Institute for Experimental Animals introduced a specifically human gene,ARHGAP11B, into the fetus of a common marmoset monkey, causing the enlargement of its brains neocortex. The scientistsreported their findings in Science.

The neocortex is the newest part of the brain to evolve. Its in the nameneo meaning new, and cortex meaning, well, the bark of a tree. This outer shell makes up more than 75 percent of the human brain and is responsible for many of the perks and quirks that make us uniquely human, including reasoning and complex language.

The scientists call these human-monkey hybrids transgenic non-human primates, which may be enough to ring the alarm of any doomsdayer. It certainly raises a lot of ethical questions when doing experiments on primates, let alone when introducing human genes into other animals.

For this reason, the researchers limited their study to monkey fetuses, which were taken out by C-section after growing for 100 days. Allowing the experiment to go past the fetal phase and let the human gene-carrying monkeys to be born would beirresponsible and unethical, study coauthor Wieland Huttner said in the press release.

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Planet of the Apes redux? Human brain gene inserted into monkey fetuses enlarged their brains, raising ethical concerns - Genetic Literacy Project

Georgia Tech faculty member: I didnt think I connected with my students online. They disagreed. – Atlanta Journal Constitution

My students love not knowing me

The view from my virtual classroom is bleak. My desk -- a table salvaged from the basement -- sits in an unused corner of a spare bedroom that looks out over a radiator, a pull-out sofa, and the cats litter box. The curated science-themed bookshelf is behind me, a faade of normalcy. It is from here that I recorded dozens of videos for my cell biology course last semester. I spent my days alone with intracellular signaling pathways, motor proteins, and the cytoskeleton. I spoke to no one but my webcam. Each Sunday I sent the videos into the void and hoped some of the 60 students enrolled in my class would watch them.

Were my students even there?

Before the first exam, I held an online review session. One student showed up, connecting from the lodge at Yellowstone where she was vacationing with her family. She didnt have any questions, but it was raining outside so she decided to log in and meet me. We spoke for about 10 minutes, and she told me she didnt know anyone else in the class. I held other online office hours that no one attended. I held a review session for the final exam, and three people logged on. Within two weeks of the end of the semester, I forgot the names of everyone in the class.

Georgia Tech professor Jennifer Leavey

Credit: Christopher Moore

Credit: Christopher Moore

For me, this unexpectedly online course was a disappointment. This course was supposed to be taught at a study abroad program in Lyon, France, where I have been part of the faculty for five years. Most years, the class is small. We have seminar-style discussions. We take field trips to local tech companies so students have a sense of what research looks like in an industrial setting. I invite groups of students to my rented apartment where we get to know each other over home cooked meals I create with ingredients from the daily fresh market down the street.

We have conversations about the students hopes and dreams, and I help connect them with research advisors who share their interests. On occasion, I write them letters of recommendation for things like medical school or the Fulbright scholars program.

This semester, I didnt get to know anyone.

When my end-of-semester anonymous course evaluations arrived, I clicked the link with dread. Surely this semester would leave a stain, much like the rest of 2020. But as I started to read, it became clear that my students perception of our relationship was very different than my own. One student said, Dr. Leavey was always incredibly helpful when I ran into any issues I really appreciated her concern for us and our well-being! Another said, She respected her students and was very available for help.

Yet another said, She was very accessible and willing to go above and beyond to help students. She was very caring and considerate, especially as these are difficult and uncertain times for us all. How could this be? Somehow, I must have been conveying compassiondigitally.

I looked through my weekly class announcements for signs that I cared. Some of my notes reflected my own fears, like if you are in Georgia be safe out there. COVID-19 is worse now than it ever has been and Please stay safe and protect others by staying socially distant and wearing a mask. Other messages suggested I was available and accessible, and perhaps even desperate to connect: feel free to email me or any the TAs any time and Let me know if you would like to get together and discuss the course (or anything).

While I wasnt hearing from very many students in any given week, they must have been hearing me loud and clear.

Is it possible that remote learning can feel even more personal for the student than in-person instruction does? In a normal semester, I would be at the front of the room. Depending on where my students sit, they may not be able to see or hear me very well. But my remote class was somehow intimate. I was arriving in my students inbox every day. My face was on a screen in their lap. My voice was in their earbuds. The unused corner of my spare bedroom was in their house, no matter where they were in the world. And maybe my students knew me better than they ever have before. If only I knew them.

About the Author

Maureen Downey has written editorials and opinion pieces about local, state and federal education policy since the 1990s.

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Georgia Tech faculty member: I didnt think I connected with my students online. They disagreed. - Atlanta Journal Constitution

Differential Effects of Fingolimod and Natalizumab on B Cell Repertoires in Multiple Sclerosis Patients – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Neurotherapeutics. 2020 Nov 30. doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00975-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Natalizumab and fingolimod are effective multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies that disrupt lymphocyte migration but have differential effects on B cell maturation and trafficking. We investigated their effects on peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B cell repertoires using next-generation deep sequencing. Paired CSF and PB B cell subsets (nave, CD27+ memory, and CD27IgD double-negative B cells and plasmablasts) were collected by applying flow cytometry at baseline and after 6 months of treatment and their respective heavy-chain variable region repertoires assessed by Illumina MiSeq. Treatment with fingolimod contracted, whereas natalizumab expanded circulating PB B cells. CSF B cell numbers remained stable following fingolimod treatment but decreased with natalizumab therapy. Clonal overlap between CSF and PB B cells was reduced with natalizumab treatment but remained stable with fingolimod therapy. Lineage analyses of pre- and posttreatment CSF B cell repertoires revealed large, clonally expanded B cell clusters in natalizumab-treated MS patients but no intrathecal clonal expansion following fingolimod therapy. Our findings suggest that natalizumab diminishes the exchange of peripheral and intrathecal B cells without impacting intrathecal clonal expansion. In contrast, fingolimod treatment fails to alter blood-brain barrier B cell exchange but diminishes intrathecal clonal expansion. Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor inhibition may alter intrathecal B cell biology in MS.

PMID:33258072 | DOI:10.1007/s13311-020-00975-7

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Differential Effects of Fingolimod and Natalizumab on B Cell Repertoires in Multiple Sclerosis Patients - DocWire News

Trump Stole the Election from Himself, Here’s How – City Watch

But when viewed through the lens of philosophy and psychology (which happens to be my particular academic training), his actions are not all that confusing. Irrational and stupid, yes. But not confusing. In other words, when we look at his mistakes leading up to the election, it becomes clear that the laws of human behavior all but determined that he would engage in self-sabotage. These five laws are well known to anyone who has studied personality traits in-depth or have observed how easy it is for human beings to become their own worst enemy. That is what happened to Mr. Trump by the time Americans finally went to the polls on November 3rd.

Number one. Trump succumbed to a series ofSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies. A self-fulfilling prophecy is when you have such a strong-felt belief that something will happen that you can influence making it happen. In Georgia and other battleground states, for example, Trump told his supporters not to use mail-in ballots. For months, he could not stop predicting massive fraud and voter suppression, and guess what, he wound up suppressing his base. Georgia Secretary of State Raffensperger, a Republican, told Atlanta ABC affiliate WSB that the president hurt his cause by discouraging mail-in voting, which he portrayed as a scam. Raffensperger told the station that 24,000 Republican voters who voted absentee in the primary did not vote in the general election. Those 24,000 people did not vote in the fall, Raffensperger said. They did not vote absentee because they were told by the president, Dont vote absentee. Its not secure. But then they did not come out and vote in person.

The second law of human behavior that proved to be an obstacle to Trump is known as theHalo Effect, which suggests we use first impressions to make a total judgment about people and events. There are many examples of the Halo Effect corrupting his ability to discern friends from enemies. But the most obvious example is how he based his assessment of foreign rulers on first impressions and gut feelings. How many conservatives and moderate Republicans could not stomach the way he threw our allies under the bus and praised rogue actors such as Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin?

For instance, after his first meeting with the North Korean dictator-a man who supposedly fed his relatives to wild dogs- Trump said that he and Kim understand each other, and sometimes that can lead to very good things. About Erdogan, he once said, "He's tough, but I get along with him. And maybe that's a bad thing, but I think it's a really good thing." And about Putin, Trump never tired of lavishing praise. "The man (Putin) has very strong control over a country," he said. "Now, it's a very different system and I don't happen to like the system, but certainly in that system, he's been a leader. Far more than our president has been a leader."

It is a low bar indeed to refrain from congratulating and embracing thugs and mass murderers. Yet Mr. Trump could not get over that bar. No democrat told him to speak that way. It was no "Fake News" report that captured these statements. Trump said them on the air in front of millions of viewers. To this day, he has never really had a bad thing to say about these anti-democratic rulers. Who knows for sure how many swing voters he lost as a result, but it was his poor judgment that forced them away.

Trump also succumbed toThe Ignorance Law. The Ignorance Law posits that when people do not know the facts (about another person, situation, event), they assume the worst and act as if it is true. The killing of George Floyd and the moral outrage it unleashed in our nation is a prime example of this law taking effect in the mind of a profoundly prejudicial man. Rather than denouncing white supremacy, police brutality, and structural racism, Mr. Trump double-downed on his law and order rhetoric. He tried to paint a vision of America that looked more like 1960 than 2020, labeled Antifa a terrorist organization, sanctioned the deployment of chemical weapons to disperse citizens using their first amendment rights, and threw gasoline on the fire whenever he could. In a time when America was in desperate need of a unifying message and messenger, Trump attempted to spark a racial war. It was a terrible miscalculation of the national mood and one that cost him dearly on election day, especially with moderates, young voters, persons of color, and suburban women.

Related to the Law of Ignorance is the influence ofThe Assumption Theory, which suggests that whenever we encounter a situation (people, event, idea), we assume we know what situation we are in and respond with a pre-programmed behavior already established to manage it. His total failure to understand the suburbs cost him dearly in states such as Wisconsin, Nevada, Georgia, Arizona, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. Contrary to his characterizations, suburbs no longer look like the ones he remembers. Whites comprised less than ten percent of the growth of the suburban population in the 100 largest metros between the years 2000 and 2010.

What is more, a recent Monmouth poll showed that, overall, about '3 in 4 Americans believe that having more racially integrated neighborhoods in their local communities is either very (41%) or somewhat (33%) important.' His assumption that everyone who lives in a suburb is doing so because they want to live apart from people of color is a gross distortion of reality, one that was ultimately self-defeating.

And that brings us to the fourth law of human behavior simply calledMindset. A mindset can get in the way of us seeing new options or ways of handling new situations. Whenever we approach a new problem with the same skills, expectations, and past experiences to guide us, our critical thinking diminishes and solutions become less clear. In the case of the COVID pandemic, his inability to think differently about problems ended up costing him the election and contributed to the death of thousands. All he had to do was assertively endorse masks and social distancing, utilize the full potential of the Defense Authorization Act, and galvanize the American people around a shared goal. But he could not do it. His mindset got in the way.

Because of the way he views the world, and American politics, in particular, it was impossible for him to think outside of the us vs. them paradigm. And because he is a devout follower of positive thinking as taught by the late Norman Vincent Peale, Trump could not bring himself to listen to anyone who had a dire message about the pandemic. He truly believed that he could make it go away with happy thoughts. Moreover, Trump could not bring himself to order a national mask mandate because he was unwilling to wear one. Why? Because of his vanity.

He said more than once that wearing masks is not presidential, and it makes him uncomfortable. That is what is meant by a self-destructive mindset. No one in his inner circle could convince him that telling people to wear masks would save lives and that many of those lives would be people who supported him. As a result, it was not COVID that ruined his reelection prospects. It was his dismal response to the crisis that ensured he would leave office a loser.

The bottom line is that Mr. Trump stole the election from himself. No widespread fraud. No massive conspiracy. No one else to blame but himself.

(George Cassidy Payne is a social worker, adjunct instructor of philosophy and a CityWatch contributor. He lives and works in Rochester, NY.)

-cw

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Trump Stole the Election from Himself, Here's How - City Watch