Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market | Present Scenario, Key Vendors, Industry Share, and Growth Forecast up to 2027 | Thermo Fisher Scientific., Itaconix…

January 31, 2021 medical

The Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Marketreport mainly encompasses fundamental dynamics of the market which include drivers, restraints, opportunities and challenges faced by the industry.It provides valuable insights with an emphasis on global market including some of the major players.The report puts a light on the market structures, driving forces, scope, and competitive landscape for your business whichhelps ineffortless decision-making process.

The report displays the systematic investigation of current scenario of the market, which covers several market dynamics. The principal areas of market analysis such as market definition, competitive analysis,market segmentation, and research methodology are studied very vigilantly and precisely throughout the report.

Market Definition & Scope:

Bio-based itaconic acid market is expected to grow at a rate of 5.50% for the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Data Bridge Market Research report on bio-based itaconic acid market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecasted period while providing their impacts on the markets growth.The changing trend towards eco-friendly products due to growing awareness regarding green house emissions will help impact the bio-based itaconic acid market growth in the forecast period.

Competitors Analysis:CompetitorsProfiles Includes: Overview, Product & Services Offerings, Financials,New Developments and Innovation

The major players covered in the bio-based itaconic acid market report are Thermo Fisher Scientific., Itaconix Corporation, Qingdao Kehai Biochemistry Co., LTD., AEKYUNG PETROCHEMICAL Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Guoguang Biochemistry Co.,Ltd., Spectrum Ultimate Chem India Pvt. Ltd, Alpha Chemika, Haihang Industry Co., Ltd, Ronas Chemicals Ind. Co., Ltd., Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd., Alfa Aesar, Merck KGaA, Choice Organochem Llp., FUSO CHEMICAL CO., LTD., Henan Haofei Chemical Co.,Ltd., Chemical Manufacturing Corp and FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

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Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market report covers the different market scenarios that have direct impact on the growth of the market. The report is structured with the meticulous efforts of an innovative, enthusiastic, knowledgeable and experienced team of analysts, researchers, industry experts, and forecasters. In the end, the report makes some important proposal of the new project of Bio-Based Itaconic Acid industry before evaluating its feasibility.

Report includes analysis on:

Key Market Development:

The report provides in-depth information about profitable showing markets and analyzes the markets for the global Bio-Based Itaconic Acid market. It provides full information about new product launches, current developments, and investments in the global market. The report delivers an complete evaluation of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of the top players in the global market.

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This Bio-Based Itaconic Acid report provides Scope of the market where it identifies industry trends, determines brand awareness and influence, provides industry insights and offers competitive intelligence. Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market report includes noteworthy information alongside future conjecture and point by point market scanning on a worldwide, regional and local level for the industry.

Key Pointers in Table of Content:

Chapter 1. Research Objective1.1 Objective,Definition & Scope1.2 Methodology1.2.1 Primary Research1.2.2 Secondary Research1.2.3 Market Forecast Estimation & Approach1.2.4 Assumptions & Assessments1.3 Insights and Growth Relevancy Mapping1.4 Data mining & efficiency

Chapter 2. Executive Summary2.1 Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Overview2.2 Interconnectivity & Related markets2.3 Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Business Segmentation2.4 Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Geographic Segmentation2.5 Competition Outlook2.6 Key Statistics

Chapter 3. Strategic Analysis3.1 Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Revenue Opportunities3.2 Cost Optimization3.3 Covid19 aftermath Analyst view

Chapter 4. Market Dynamics4.1 DROC4.1.1 Drivers4.1.2 Restraints4.1.3 Opportunities4.1.4 Challenges4.2 PEST Analysis4.2.1 Political4.2.2 Economic4.2.3 Social4.2.4 Technological4.3 Market Impacting Trends4.4 Porters 5-force Analysis

Chapter 5. Segmentation & Statistics5.1 Segmentation Overview5.2 Demand Forecast & Market SizingContinued..

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Human Behavior

Wildlife movement is strongly influenced by human behavior Earth.com – Earth.com

January 31, 2021 medical

In order for animals to thrive in the wild, they must have natural habitats known as wildlife corridors that connect neighboring populations. Otherwise, a group of animals may become isolated and unable to breed and survive. A new study describes the strong influence that humans have on wildlife movement.

Past studies on wildlife connectivity have focused on measuring various aspects of the landscape, and the potential impacts of human behavior have largely been overlooked.

An international team of researchers led by the University of Gttingen and Humboldt University Berlin have introduced a new concept that they call anthropogenic resistance. The experts say that this aspect of wildlife movement must be considered to secure sustainable landscapes for both animals and people in the future.

Human disturbances, including rapid urbanization and deforestation, are increasingly impacting natural landscapes. When these changes are assessed, the analyses are largely focused on properties of the land such as agriculture, urbanization, forestland, or elevation.

Meanwhile, human impacts are usually lumped together in categories such as population density, or distance from settlements or roads.

The researchers propose that it is not merely the presence, absence, or number of people that affects wildlife movement. Instead, it is what the people are actually doing that alters the behavior of nearby animals.

According to the study authors, a range of psychological and socioeconomic factors can play a part in anthropogenic resistance, including hunting or supplementary feeding.

For their investigation, the researchers analyzed three case studies on wolves in Washington State, leopards in Iran, and large carnivores in central India.

The same concept can be applied to other species as well. For example, roe deer use croplands for both shelter and food but reduce their presence during the hunting season.

The experts report that differences in human behavior based on cultural and religious beliefs strongly influence wildlife movement.

Anthropogenic resistance is also relevant to the BearConnect project, which aims to understand the factors that determine connectivity in European populations of the brown bear. Bears are capable of moving across huge distances, as shown by bear JJ1, better known as Bruno, who traveled from the Italian Trento region all the way to Bavaria, where he was shot, explained Professor Niko Balkenhol.

It is important to note that, although Bruno was able to cross the physical landscape, he was stopped by the severe anthropogenic resistance provided by humans who could not tolerate his behavior.

Our paper shows that anthropogenic resistance is an important piece of the puzzle for connectivity-planning to ensure the functionality of corridors for wildlife and people, said study senior author Dr. Trishna Dutta. It reveals that there are advantages for social and natural scientists to collaborate in understanding the effects of anthropogenic resistance in future studies.

The study is published in the journal One Earth.

By Chrissy Sexton, Earth.com Staff Writer

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Wildlife movement is strongly influenced by human behavior Earth.com - Earth.com

Human Behavior

COVID-19: What have we learned about human behavior in 2020? – opinion – The Jerusalem Post

January 31, 2021 medical

Without a doubt, we learned a lot about compliance, the act of getting people to do what we think they should be doing. When it comes to the pandemic, compliance involved wearing masks, distancing from others and not gathering in large groups. And what we in fact learned is what we should have already known. Getting people to comply is not easy. The pandemic has shown us how complicated simple things can be. Although many people did follow the rules, many, many others simply did not or were not able to be consistent. They could not keep away from others, could not keep away from family, could not wear a mask properly and could not disconnect socially. Some people did not believe, some people could not believe, and some people mimicked others and behaved as they saw others around them behaving.On the face of it, noncompliance may be a source of annoyance and irritation for some, especially those who do make an effort to comply. But if we look at the scientific literature regarding adherence and compliance, none of this should have at all been surprising. All the more reason to question why, with an event like a pandemic that has so many national health implications, we were not better prepared to implement policies that would deal with the reality that compliance would be far from perfect. The lack of a sensible plan on how to respond no doubt contributed to worsening infection rates and, as a consequence, created a catastrophic economic collapse for so many. Were the expectations regarding compliance realistic? If we look at the science, the answer is an unequivocal no. People who know smoking is bad continue to smoke, people who should keep to a diet continue to cheat, people who should exercise sit on the couch and people who should take medication often set it aside. But it is not only with respect to health that guidelines are not followed. How often do we follow the speed limit to the letter of the law and how often do we jaywalk? How often do people make noise late into the night? How often do people take a chance and swim without a lifeguard? In wartime as well, when one would think life and death means something, we have seen situations where some people would not wear gas masks, where some would not enter shelters and where some would stand on rooftops to watch missiles coming in. WITH ALL this as known behavior, perhaps the expectations regarding adherence to guidelines should have considered that widespread compliance is but a fantasy. Human behavior is consistent, so we do see this lack of compliance all over the free world. Masking is inconsistent, infection rates are high and nowhere, except in some exceptional circumstances where cultural factors are very different, do we see success. Expecting anything different was always an illusion. No matter how hard we would try, there would be leakage in keeping to the rules because people do not listen. And when each leaked drop is a potential weapon, a virus that can disable and kill, we have a problem.

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Human Behavior

Men and women on the move | Stanford News – Stanford University News

January 31, 2021 medical

Navigating, exploring and thinking about space are part of daily life, whether its carving a path through a crowd, hiking a backcountry trail or maneuvering into a parking spot.

A group of Hadza relocating to a new camp, 2005. (Image credit: Brian Wood)

For most of human history, the driving force for day-to-day wayfinding and movement across the landscape was a need for food. And unlike other primates, our species has consistently divided this labor along gender lines.

In new research published in Nature Human Behaviour, scientists including James Holland Jones of Stanford and lead author Brian Wood of University of California, Los Angeles, argue that the increasingly gendered division of labor in human societies during the past 2.5 million years dramatically shaped how our species uses space, and possibly how we think about it.

Underlying these conclusions is a huge and detailed trove of travel data revealing stark differences in the ways men and women among the nomadic Hadza people of Tanzania use space. A contemporary hunter-gatherer society, the Hadza provide a window into a highly mobile lifestyle, which was the norm for our species before the widespread adoption of agriculture.

Were taking gender differences as a given in this particular cultural setting, and then asking what consequences they have downstream, said Jones, an associate professor of Earth system science at Stanfords School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences (Stanford Earth) and a senior fellow at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment.

A better understanding of this dynamic could yield clues about why men and women seem to think about space differently. Research in many human populations suggests men and women are better at different types of spatial tasks. On average, women tend to excel on spatial memory tasks, while men tend to score higher on two basic measures of spatial cognition associated with movement: mental rotation of objects and accurately pointing to distant locations.

The paper examines a popular theory that mens hunting for wild game would produce more extensive and sinuous travel, and that womens harvesting of plant foods would lead to more concentrated, straight-line travel to and from known locations.

A view of all GPS tracks collected from one Hadza camp, with male tracks in red, female tracks in green. (Image credit: Brian Wood)

While previous efforts to substantiate the theory have relied heavily on verbal accounts, the researchers here tested it by examining more than 13,000 miles of travel logged on lightweight GPS trackers worn by Hadza foragers between 2005 and 2018. One or two researchers would walk through camp early in the morning as people were rousing, the authors write. We would greet people at their homes or hearths and hand out GPS devices to be worn during the day.

Around nightfall, when most people had returned to camp, Wood and assistants hired in the Hadza community removed the devices. They ultimately used data from 179 people, representing 15 camps and ranging in age from 2 to 84 years old.

The authors also examined the degree of overlap in the lands visited by men and women. One of the most surprising results of this study was the fact that Hadza men and women essentially occupy different worlds from a young age. In our data, most of the landscape was effectively gender-segregated, said Wood, an assistant professor of anthropology at UCLA who began working on this paper a decade ago as a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford.

To analyze the movement data, the researchers adopted techniques from the field of movement ecology and also developed custom software. As expected, the results show men walked further per day, covered more land in less direct paths and were more likely to travel alone. In this hunting and gathering context, male work is more navigationally challenging, the researchers write.

Although some individual day journeys extended to 20 miles or more, Hadza men overall averaged 8 miles per day and women many of them accompanied by young children averaged nearly 5 miles. Gender differences emerged by the age of 6. From the mid-40s, the gender difference declined, mostly due to decreasing travel by men while women sustained more of their daily mileage.

Detailed spatial data like those amassed in this study will aid future comparative research into human mobility, according to the authors. This holds particular resonance in light of a pandemic that has forced sudden revisions of normal movement patterns and heightened attention to the costs and benefits of different spatial habits.

Three Hadza men at an overlook scouting for game, west of Lake Eyasi. (Image credit: Brian Wood)

Already, Wood has begun to apply technical, logistical and scientific lessons from this study to a new National Science Foundation project meant to help identify research and policy priorities to prepare the U.S. for inevitable future pandemics in part by measuring mobility and modeling patterns of social interaction. The study of human movement can be used to identify at-risk communities for disease transmission and spread, Wood explained.

Even when were not in a pandemic, Jones said, peoples mobility drives economic activity, social cohesion and environmental impacts. And the environment, in turn, shapes spatial behavior. That feedback loop is at the heart of some of the internal migration patterns already emerging as a response to global warming. As once-rare weather events become commonplace, Jones explained, migrant laborers will likely travel longer distances for work; more people will engage in seasonal migration to pursue agricultural work or escape hurricanes and droughts, and crop failures will drive more rural residents to urban areas.

Changing mobility is going to be one of the key ways that humans adapt to a heated world, Jones said. Knowing more about gender differences and other drivers for spatial behaviors across a wide swath of human populations and ecological contexts will help us anticipate how this adaptation will play out and inform policies to manage it.

The research received funding from the National Science Foundation, the Leakey Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the National Geographic Society, Yale University, UCLA and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Wood is also affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Coauthors are affiliated with the Max Planck Institute, Arizona State University, University of Southern California, Duke University, University of Chicago, University of Roehampton, University of Nevada, University of Dar es Salaam and University of Utah.

To read all stories about Stanford science, subscribe to the biweeklyStanford Science Digest.

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Men and women on the move | Stanford News - Stanford University News

Human Behavior

Better behavior, fledgling population immunity behind US case decline – FRANCE 24

January 31, 2021 medical

Washington (AFP)

The trend line is now unmistakable: the US Covid outbreak is easing, with new cases and hospitalizations down two weeks in a row, even though the overall numbers still remain far higher than prior to the fall-winter surge.

What's behind the slide? Experts say there are many reasons, from a better adherence to masking and distancing measures, to the fact that the holiday period is now well behind us.

Another factor, at least in some areas of the country, is that the virus has already burned through much of the population and is running out of targets -- but easing restrictions too fast could still upset the current equilibrium and trigger a new spike, scientists warn.

Here's what you need to know.

- Holiday super-surge over -

After a summer lull, the US infection rate began to pick up again last fall, when gatherings began to move indoors and people started letting their guards down.

Then came the holiday season: Thanksgiving, Christmas, then New Year's: a coronavirus triple-threat that sent cases soaring as millions of Americans ignored official guidance and visited their families and friends.

The US was clocking a daily case average of more than 250,000 by the second week of January, and more than 130,000 hospitalizations, according to data from the Covid Tracking Project.

There are still more than 3,000 deaths on average per day, because of the lag time, but overall the metrics are heading in the right direction.

"That holiday travel which the virus was exploiting has kind of dissipated," Amesh Adalja of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security told AFP.

- Caution rises with cases -

The spread of infectious diseases is innately linked to human behavior.

Natalie Dean, a biostatistics and infectious disease expert at University of Florida, told AFP she saw a "population-level feedback mechanism, such that people respond to rising numbers in their areas."

She cited how Florida, Texas and Arizona quickly turned things around after their summer surges. "Whether through policies or many small behavior changes, the numbers slow," she added.

Brandon Brown, a public health specialist at the University of California, added "there is also less misinformation compared to before, and it's hard to deny the over 400,000 deaths."

But if people respond to rising cases by becoming more cautious, the opposite can also be true when infections decline, warned the experts.

- Inching towards immunity -

The current number of confirmed cases in the US is around 25 million -- but we know by now the true figure is likely to be much higher, and could be as high as 100 to 125 million people, Stanford professor Jay Bhattacharya told AFP.

We know that natural infection confers a high degree of immunity, at least for a period of time, then you can add the people who have received at least one vaccine dose (which confers partial immunity) -- currently 21 million.

The two figures together get you to around 40 percent of the population of 330 million -- inching towards the goal of 85 percent thrown around for "true herd immunity," but still some way to go.

The vaccinations already delivered to nursing homes is probably responsible for pushing down the hospitalization and death rate, said Adalja.

Jeffrey Shaman, an epidemiologist at Columbia who has been modeling the population immunity question, says that according to his team's calculations, "between 50-70 percent of North Dakota's population has been infected with the virus."

While this is one extreme, Shaman said that between rising national-level population immunity, and current behavior patterns, the outbreak "should be self-limiting at this point."

The problem would be if behaviors changed, breaking this delicate balance, said Shaman and Bhattacharya.

As spring comes, people may start moving around more than they are currently, and more infected people could then come into contact with people who are not immune.

Finally, new variants present "wild cards," whose transmissibility advantage would raise the statistical threshold needed for true population immunity -- and in the case of the South Africa variant, pose a greater reinfection risk.

2021 AFP

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Better behavior, fledgling population immunity behind US case decline - FRANCE 24

Human Behavior

ABC Channel 9 Reporter Performs Operation in a Virtual Operating Room – PR Web

January 31, 2021 medical

As the world sees the value and embraces artificial intelligence, this type of technology will become crucial in order to train and test those algorithms to be completely helpful, safe, and unbiased

CINCINNATI (PRWEB) January 30, 2021

WCPO Channel 9 reporter Lisa Smith put on the VR headset and was instantly transported into a virtual operating room, complete with patient, surgeons, and the latest medical instruments.

Her story presents a deep dive into Kinetic Visions latest technology, AiVision Simulate, which is a Digital Twin software platform that utilizes motion capture (mocap), virtual reality, and game engine technology.

To watch the Channel 9 news story click HERE.

The system creates an infrared matrix that captures the users every motion, down to their fingertips, and transfers that motion to digital avatars in the virtual environment, or digital twin. Digital twins have existed in various forms for a few years, but Kinetic Visions breakthrough is the incorporation of real human action and interaction into the process.

In addition to medical applications, Kinetic Visions Machine Learning + Training Data group is applying this technology to a number of industries, from consumer retail, where store shopping behavior is analyzed, to aviation, where the ergonomics of controls are being studied.

We created this system to optimize current surgical procedures and devices, and speed the development of new innovations. Its much faster and less expensive to test digitally versus utilizing real rooms, equipment, and people. In the not-too-distant future, this system will be expanded to test, train, and perfect a much wider range of human activities, from building construction to conducting experiments on the International Space Station, said Jeremy Jarrett, Executive Vice President of Kinetic Vision.

As AI (artificial intelligence) becomes ubiquitous in almost all aspects of product development, manufacturing, quality control, and distribution, the data to train machine learning models will become more valuable, but harder to create. Digital twins solve this conundrum by being accurate enough to be used for the creation of synthetic training data, which enables AI systems to be developed, tested, and optimized within the virtual twin. By incorporating real-time human behavior, Kinetic Vision has evolved the digital twin concept into a true digital representation of reality.

As the world sees the value and embraces artificial intelligence, this type of technology will become crucial in order to train and test those algorithms to be completely helpful, safe, and unbiased, said Jarrett.

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ABC Channel 9 Reporter Performs Operation in a Virtual Operating Room - PR Web

Human Behavior

The Duchess of Cornwall Recommends "Heart-breaking" Novel Where The Crawdads Sing – Yahoo Lifestyle

January 31, 2021 medical

Photo credit: Getty Images

From House Beautiful

Since the Duchess of Cornwall released her lockdown reading list last year, she has been contacted by people from all over the world wanting to share their thoughts and book recommendations. And now, Camilla is highlighting four titles every eight weeks in a bid to continue sharing her enjoyment of reading with others.

The latest work to be the focus of her Instagram-based book club is best-selling novel Where the Crawdads Sing by Delia Owens, which tells the story of young Kya Clark growing up alone in the marshes of North Carolina. All is not as it seems in this beautifully written, heart-breaking coming-of-age novel. I couldnt put it (or my handkerchief) down! the Duchess says about the book. For her part, author Owens has shared thoughts on the story, which is her debut novel.

When I wrote Where the Crawdads Sing I had a particular story in mind that I wanted to tell, Owens says in a video shared with T&C (above). After studying wildlife in Africa for 23 years, I had learned how much human behavior is still similar to the behavior of wild animals. So, I wanted to write this novel that it would explore how much we can learn about human behavior, and how much we learn about human nature from nature itself.

Owens adds that she included a lot of different traits and different behavior patterns in her characters, saying, I wanted to include some of these behaviors that we still exhibit like wild animals. Describing the book as spanning multiple genres, Owens says: I don't know of anybody's life that is just a love story, or just a mystery. Most peoples lives include a lot of different aspects, so I think it was fairly realistic that way.

Where the Crawdads Sing is the second book to be featured on The Duchess of Cornwalls Reading Room. The first was Hilary Mantels The Mirror and The Light. The final two books which will be highlighted in season one of the book club are Restless by William Boyd and The Architects Apprentice by Elif Shafak.

Story continues

The Duchess of Cornwall, who married into the royal family in 2005, has long used her platform to advocate for literacy charities and organizations. In a recently-released video she described reading as a passion, adding that once the lockdown began she saved up all the books I wanted to read and sat down and read them. She concluded, You know, whatever other awful things came out of lockdown I think reading has come out extremely well and I think its revived and we just want to keep that going.

Dogs synchronize their behavior with children, but not as much as with adults, study finds – The News Guard

January 31, 2021 medical

Dogs synchronize their behavior with the children in their family, but not as much as they do with adults, a new study from Oregon State University researchers found.

The findings are important because there is a growing body of evidence that dogs can help children in many ways, including with social development, increasing physical activity, managing anxiety or as a source of attachment in the face of changing family structures, the researchers said. Yet, very little research has focused on how dogs perceive and socially engage with children.

The great news is that this study suggests dogs are paying a lot of attention to the kids that they live with, said Oregon State animal behaviorist Monique Udell, the lead author of the study. They are responsive to them and, in many cases, behaving in synchrony with them, indicators of positive affiliation and a foundation for building strong bonds.

One interesting thing we have observed is that dogs are matching their childs behavior less frequently than what we have seen between dogs and adult caretakers, which suggests that while they may view children as social companions, there are also some differences that we need to understand better.

The paper was recently published in the journal Animal Cognition. Co-authors were Shelby Wanser, a faculty research assistant in Udells lab, and Megan MacDonald, an associate professor in Oregon States College of Public Health and Human Sciences, who studies how motor skills and physically active lifestyles improve the lives of children with and without disabilities

The researchers recruited 30 youth between the ages of 8 and 17 years old 83% of which had a developmental disability to take part in the study with their family dog. The experiments took place in a large empty room. Color-coded taped lines were placed on the floor, and the children were given instructions on how to walk the lines in a standardized way with their off-leash dog.

The researchers videotaped the experiments and analyzed behavior based on three things: (1) activity synchrony, which means how much time the dog and child were moving or stationary at the same time; (2) proximity, or how much time the dog and child were within 1 meter of each other; and (3) orientation, how much time the dog was oriented in the same direction as the child.

They found that dogs exhibited behavioral synchronization with the children at a higher rate than would be expected by chance for all three variables. During their assessments, they found:

Active synchrony for an average of 60.2% of the time. Broken down further, the dogs were moving an average of 73.1% of the time that the children were moving and were stationary an average of 41.2% of the time the children were stationary.

Proximity within 1 meter of each other for an average of 27.1% of the time.

Orientation in the same direction for an average of 33.5% of the time.

While child-dog synchrony occurred more often that what would be expected by chance, those percentages are all lower than what other researchers have found when studying interactions between dogs and adults in their household. Those studies found active synchrony 81.8% of the time, but at 49.1% with shelter dogs. They found proximity 72.9% of the time and 39.7% with shelter dogs. No studies on dog-human behavioral synchronization have previously assessed body orientation.

The Oregon State researchers are conducting more research to better understand factors that contribute to differences in levels of synchrony and other aspects of bond quality between dogs and children compared to dogs and adults, including participation in animal assisted interventions and increasing the childs responsibility for the dogs care.

While research has found dogs can have a lot of positive impacts on a childs life, there are also risks associated with the dog-child relationship, the researchers said. For example, other studies have found dogs are more apt to bite children versus adults.

We still have a lot to learn about the dog-child relationship Udell said. Were hoping this research can inform the best ways to shape positive outcomes and mitigate risks by helping children interact with dogs in a manner that improves the relationship and ultimately the welfare of both individuals.

Based on this study, Udell also offered some takeaways for families with children and dogs.

What we are finding is that kids are very capable of training dogs, and that dogs are paying attention to the kids and can learn from them, she said. Sometimes we dont give children and dogs enough credit. Our research suggests that with some guidance we can provide important and positive learning experiences for our kids and our dogs starting at a much earlier age, something that can make a world of difference to the lives of both.

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Dogs synchronize their behavior with children, but not as much as with adults, study finds - The News Guard

Human Behavior

Data Collected from IoT Devices Will Breed the Next New ‘Uber’ or ‘Netflix’, Predicts Eseye – insideBIGDATA

January 31, 2021 medical

What organizations can do with data is set to dramatically shift in 2021 and beyond, according to IoT connectivity specialist Eseye, as more IoT devices are deployed and the data they generate dwarfs that collected through traditional online channels. Eseye predicts that data mined from user interactions with things rather than digital services will create a wealth of rich data, bigger and more detailed than online data ever was, enabling new business models, the creation of new products and services and new levels of understanding of human behavior.

Services like Amazon, Facebook and Netflix capture a wealth of consumer usage and behavior data which is stored, analyzed, and used to digitize and reinvent shopping, social interactions, and entertainment as custom personalized, data-driven services. This has had an extraordinary effect on the creation of new personalized services and new disruptive business models. As radical a change as this was, now IoT data is set to power unprecedented levels of innovation over the coming years.

According to Eseye, this innovation will be seen not just in the next generation of classic IoT devices, which will become much more interactive and personalized to real time behavior, but also in the development of a new set of devices created through the fusion of multiple sensors, cellular connectivity to the cloud and advanced AI techniques. This combination will enable near real time predictions of what services should be dynamically configured into those devices to maximize revenue and collect even more data and deliver huge value.

IoT companies that see the potential, not just in the device but also in the data collected, will be the big winners, comments Nick Earle, CEO, Eseye. As we come out of the pandemic, organizations will be looking for new ways to innovate, and IoT data has the potential to disrupt business models and processes in practically every industry. Disruption, by its nature, comes from places we havent even dreamed of, but it can be radical. For example, the people who invented the internet could never have predicted the emergence of services such as Uber and Netflix. Likewise, we can only speculate around what IoT entrepreneurs will come up with once they have access to data from billions of devices capturing rich intelligence on every aspect of our lives and businesses. We predict it will be an even bigger wave of innovation than the first wave of IoT adoption.

One of Eseyes customers is already using rich data to predict diseases before they happen. A leading digital therapeutics provider manufactures and sells a next-generation clinical-grade wearable, which delivers actionable insights powered by machine learning, deep neural networks, and AI on real time disease trajectory. This helps clinicians predict and prevent serious medical events. For example, chronic diseases, like heart failure, can lead to billions of pounds of unnecessary hospitalizations and re-admissions. Therefore, the potential benefits across the healthcare sector if this model becomes widely adopted are enormous.

Another example is how IoT is helping vulnerable people remain independent through condition monitoring, whereby such devices use personal health data combined with behavioral patterns, and analytics predict when changes in care regimes might be required. These are just two examples of millions of potential applications.

In 2020 the pandemic has accelerated many of the IoT trends we predicted last year. Thats because an economic slowdown, like we are experiencing, puts enormous pressure on enterprises to reduce costs and increase customer delivered value. IoT does both of these things, and so the pressure for adoption is growing. This sudden need for new technological approaches has happened at a time when IoT is reaching a level of cost and maturity that allows for mainstream adoption. This will increase the ability to collect rich data from these next generation IoT devices, delivering unimaginable insights to power innovation in years to come, adds Earle.

This is just one of 10 IoT predictions that Eseye is forecasting for 2021 and beyond. Others include how IoT can deliver real time visibility into the food supply chain with technology advances such as printing IoT circuits, batteries, and cellular connectivity onto flexible labels. Its exploring how IoT as it becomes more integrated into consumer and industrial products can provide brands with a direct line to customers, collapsing supply chains to bring original equipment manufacturers closer to consumers.

Furthermore, Eseye is also analyzing how mobile network operators (MNOs) are adapting to compete globally and why a federation approach creates a more viable economic model for MNOs to deliver IoT, as well as the emergence of virtual MNOs. Eseye announced its global alliance of MNOs, The AnyNet Federation, in 2019 and over the last year the AnyNet Federation has grown to 12 MNO members, a number which Eseye expects to further grow in 2021.

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Data Collected from IoT Devices Will Breed the Next New 'Uber' or 'Netflix', Predicts Eseye - insideBIGDATA

Human Behavior

How Bonobos Help Explain The Evolution Of Nice : Short Wave – NPR

January 31, 2021 medical

MADDIE SOFIA, BYLINE: You're listening to SHORT WAVE...

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

SOFIA: ...From NPR.

EMILY KWONG, HOST:

Hey, everybody. Emily Kwong here. Today, we are talking about how humans evolved some key behaviors, like sharing, with our brain guy, NPR science correspondent Jon Hamilton. Hi, Jon.

JON HAMILTON, BYLINE: Hey, Emily.

KWONG: Hi. OK, Jon, are you saying that evolution somehow made us nice?

HAMILTON: I'm saying evolution gave us a brain that is capable of being nice. Of course, our brains are also capable of being, you know, not so nice.

KWONG: Important distinction, yes. So where did this kinder, gentler side come from?

HAMILTON: I actually went to a place where scientists are trying to answer that very question. This was before COVID, I should say, when travel was a bit easier. I went with my colleague Scott Hensley. The place we visited is an animal sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

(SOUNDBITE OF BONOBOS CHIRPING)

KWONG: Oh, this is beautiful. What are we listening to?

HAMILTON: That is a group of bonobos getting ready to have a meal.

KWONG: How would you describe bonobos within the world of primates?

HAMILTON: Well, they look like chimps, and genetically, they are nearly identical, but bonobos don't act like chimps. For example, they don't kill each other. They welcome strangers. And they like to share food.

(SOUNDBITE OF BONOBOS SCREECHING)

KWONG: Those are some chatty bonobos. What is all this shrieking about?

HAMILTON: Right. That was my question, too. So I asked Suzy Kwetuenda. She's a biologist in charge of bonobo well-being at Lola ya Bonobo. That's the name of the sanctuary.

SUZY KWETUENDA: So this is some - is a way, a localization to say that food is coming. So they saw Patrick was going to feed them, so it's just a signal to say ready, food is coming.

KWONG: Is Suzy saying the bonobos are sending out a dinner invite?

HAMILTON: Pretty much. And within a couple of minutes, all these bonobos started coming out of the forest. And then they all sat down together and ate peacefully.

KWONG: These bonobos - what role models for all of us.

HAMILTON: Well, Suzy would definitely agree with you. She told me that years of watching bonobos has made her realize something about her own species.

KWETUENDA: People can also do the same - to stay on the same table and sharing ideas and try to listen each other and to be more patient, tolerant.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

KWONG: Today on the show, how our ability to share, empathize and cooperate shows up in bonobos, too, these remarkable creatures Jon got to know very, very well.

HAMILTON: And why a species that embodies these traits is threatened by another species - us.

KWONG: You're listening to SHORT WAVE from NPR.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

KWONG: So, Jon, tell me more about this sanctuary you visited in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

HAMILTON: Lola ya Bonobo means bonobo paradise, and it is. It's in the forest about 10 miles outside of Kinshasa, lots of birds. It's got a river running through it, which is convenient because bonobos can't swim. The adult bonobos do live in fenced enclosures, but they have enough space so they can pretty much disappear into the forest when they want to.

KWONG: And how many bonobos live here?

HAMILTON: There are about 60 at Lola, several dozen more at a second location where bonobos who were raised here are being released into the wild. And that's a - you know, that's a big deal because there are only about 20,000 bonobos left in the world, and the DRC is the only place where they live outside captivity.

KWONG: And, Jon, scientists are interested in bonobos because they are a close relative of ours, right?

HAMILTON: Yes. Scientists consider chimps and bonobos our closest living relatives. But bonobos haven't been studied as much as chimps because they are so rare and they kind of flew under the radar. They were really only recognized as a separate species in 1929.

KWONG: Got it. So what new things are scientists learning about bonobos?

HAMILTON: Well, one thing they're learning is just how different they are from chimps when it comes to behavior. With chimps, you know, aggression is pretty common, and physical strength is key, so the animal in charge is invariably a dominant male. Bonobos aren't like that. Here's something Dr. Jonas Mukamba told us. He's the lead veterinarian at the sanctuary.

JONAS MUKAMBA: (Non-English language spoken).

HAMILTON: What he's saying is that with bonobos, the females dominate and that a female is always the head of the group. And we saw lots of examples of that. I mean, one day, we were watching a caretaker toss pineapples to the bonobos in one group. It was very organized. Each bonobo seemed to be waiting their turn. Adults were sharing their food with babies. So I asked Suzy Kwetuenda to explain the dynamic, and she started looking around for this one particular female.

KWETUENDA: Sam, Sam (ph). Sammy (ph). Yeah, so she's coming. This is Samantha (ph) - big mom, tough mom. And as you can see, she's in the front. She has to show that she's very concerned by all organization in the group.

KWONG: So the big mama is in charge, and all the males follow.

HAMILTON: The males are bigger than the females, but if a male gets too aggressive, all of the females will go after him and bite him. And they might even chase him into the forest for a day or two.

KWONG: Jon, this is more than bonobo paradise. This is paradise paradise. When I die, I want to come back as a bonobo.

HAMILTON: Yeah, it's very different. And the female's goal is to maintain harmony in the whole group.

KWONG: OK.

HAMILTON: So, like, at feeding time, they make sure that everyone shares. And Suzy told me they have another tactic.

KWETUENDA: And as you see, there is many, many action of sex, many negotiation, so that make peace.

KWONG: So the rumors are true. Bonobos really do have a lot of sex.

HAMILTON: A lot, a lot, especially at meals.

KWONG: OK. And how do scientists go about studying bonobos? How do they even know about these traits of theirs?

HAMILTON: Bonobos in the wild are almost impossible to study, so scientists have spent a lot of time at Lola. You know, a few years ago, a researcher from Duke University named Brian Hare did an experiment there that really surprised a lot of people. Suzy told me about it.

KWETUENDA: So I want to show you - so this is normally the lab. As you see, it has - it's very large, and we have many rooms.

HAMILTON: The scientist would put two bonobos in adjacent rooms. Then they would give one of the bonobos some really special food.

KWETUENDA: It must be the favorite food, like apples. They love bananas. And most of times, we were like - we were normally trying to put bonobo sauce - I remember it was the milk, cream.

KWONG: This all sounds so delicious.

HAMILTON: It does. But the question is, would you eat your special meal alone, or would you share it with your neighbor?

KWONG: Depends on the day, depends on the neighbor.

HAMILTON: Right? Right? As humans, we could go either way. And the scientists really weren't sure what a bonobo would do.

KWETUENDA: In our mind, we thought that because of nice food, they would first eat, but we are surprised to see that roommate is more important than food - than favorite food.

KWONG: The roommate was more important than the food - interesting.

HAMILTON: The bonobo with the plate would invite their neighbor in, and they would eat together. Sometimes there was sex, too. But then, the scientist did the experiment again with three bonobos, including one who was a stranger. And most of the time, the bonobo with the food would share it with the stranger first, then the friend.

KWONG: Wow. So when humans are nice, are we tapping into our bonobo side?

HAMILTON: Maybe. We know that humans can be clever and aggressive.

KWONG: Yes.

HAMILTON: And those are behaviors you definitely see in chimps. But we also can be remarkably tolerant and empathetic. And those are behaviors you are much more likely to see in bonobos.

KWONG: OK, because going back to chimps for a second, I can see why cleverness and aggressiveness would be advantageous - passed on through natural selection, survival of the fittest. But sharing - what difference does that make to the survival of a species?

HAMILTON: Well, remember Brian Hare, who did the sharing experiment?

KWONG: Yeah.

HAMILTON: He and his partner, Vanessa Woods, wrote a book called "Survival Of The Friendliest." And it makes the argument that what they call prosocial traits are what gave Homo sapiens an advantage over other early humans. You know, the idea is that being the smartest or strongest only gets you so far. It's cooperation that has allowed us to farm and form governments and send people into space. And cooperation requires a brain that is able to empathize and trust and communicate shared goals.

KWONG: I mean, it kind of sounds like there's a lot to learn about how we're stronger together. But, Jon, I'm also thinking about how being nice hasn't worked out so well for the bonobos themselves. I mean, this is an endangered species after all.

HAMILTON: Yeah. They've been the victims of human behavior that's not so nice. Of course, humans have encroached on their habitat. Also, bonobos in the wild have been hunted for meat, and poachers have killed adult bonobos so they could sell their babies as exotic pets. But bonobos' friendly side has won them a lot of human friends.

CLAUDINE ANDRE: I am Claudine Andre, and I am the founder of Lola ya Bonobo, the paradise of bonobo.

HAMILTON: Claudine grew up in the Congo. Her father was a veterinarian, and she has spent more than 20 years trying to make sure that bonobos have a future. She's also what you might call the alpha female at Lola.

ANDRE: I love men a lot (laughter). I'm a bonobo, you know? But, you know, in the sanctuary is more women than men.

HAMILTON: I should mention that this sanctuary is partly an orphanage. Most of the bonobos were brought here when they were very young. Many of them actually saw their mother killed. And bonobos are like human children. They need many years of parenting. You know, they have tantrums.

(SOUNDBITE OF BONOBO CRYING)

KWONG: Oh, poor baby bonobo - sounds like a human.

HAMILTON: So each baby bonobo gets a human mother, someone who carries them around and plays with them and teaches them until they're ready to join the adults. It's kind of like visiting a bonobo daycare. I was interviewing one of the surrogate moms, Mama Yvonne, one day when a baby named Asake (ph) decided she really wanted the microphone.

KWONG: Got to watch your gear, Jon.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Yelling in non-English language).

HAMILTON: It's OK. It's OK.

YVONNE VELA: So this is to be dad, yeah.

HAMILTON: (Laughter).

VELA: So you say that she was...

HAMILTON: What stands out when you visit Lola is just how socially aware bonobos are. Claudine Andre told me that that is what first got her attention.

ANDRE: I cross eyes of one bonobo one day in '91 in the zoology garden of Kinshasa, and I think I fall in love with this species.

HAMILTON: Claudine told me that for her, it was all about the eyes.

ANDRE: If you look to a chimpanzee, every three seconds, it turn its eyes. A bonobo - he want to know, who are you? What is the connection we can have?

KWONG: I mean, these creatures are so remarkably intelligent and clearly important. Can this one sanctuary in the DRC really save an entire species?

HAMILTON: Sadly, no. I mean, fortunately, the government has made it illegal to kill or own a bonobo in the DRC, but the entire nation will have to embrace this idea that bonobos are a national treasure. So Lola has its own educator on staff, and they've brought thousands of schoolchildren to the sanctuary.

UNIDENTIFIED SCHOOLCHILDREN: (Chanting in non-English language).

HAMILTON: But he told me they get calls from some of these kids years later, and they're calling to report a bonobo who needs rescuing.

KWONG: Wow. The folks at Lola are really thinking about how to pass on this work to the next generation. Jon, thank you for sharing this reporting and your stories from this trip. It has been such a journey.

HAMILTON: Always fun to talk, Emily.

UNIDENTIFIED SCHOOLCHILDREN: (Chanting in non-English language).

KWONG: This episode was produced by Brit Hanson, edited by Gisele Grayson and fact-checked by Rasha Aridi. I'm Emily Kwong. Thanks for listening to SHORT WAVE from NPR.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Laughter) What is your name?

HAMILTON: Jon.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: Bonjour, Mr. Jon.

UNIDENTIFIED SCHOOLCHILDREN: (Non-English language spoken).

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How Bonobos Help Explain The Evolution Of Nice : Short Wave - NPR