Netflix Pls, the Dominance of Greys Anatomy, Girls5Eva, and Mare of Easttown Episode 4 – The Ringer

Chris and Andy talk about the news that Netflix is reportedly testing a service called N-Plus that would include podcasts about shows and other expanded watching experiences (4:05). After getting renewed for an 18th season, Greys Anatomy might be the most dominant show on television right now (13:23). Plus, love for Girls5Eva (22:21) and breaking down Mare of Easttown Episode 4 (29:07).

Hosts: Chris Ryan and Andy GreenwaldProducer: Kaya McMullen

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Netflix Pls, the Dominance of Greys Anatomy, Girls5Eva, and Mare of Easttown Episode 4 - The Ringer

The anatomy of a pitcher hitting a home run part 2- A Hunt and Peck – Viva El Birdos

On Friday night in the Cardinals game against the Rockies something rare and exciting happened. In the bottom of the third inning Jack Flaherty took former teammate Austin Gomber deep for his first ever major league homer. It looked a little something like this:

I have previously broken this down after John Gant hit his first big league homer, but I think it could use a little updating.

This part is not always pretty, but in the case of Jack Flaherty, his home run swing was done in style. Flaherty worked a 3-1 count and knew he was going to get something good to hit. With the bases empty and no one out, Flaherty put his best swing on the ball. Then added a small bat toss for good measure.

There are a few common reactions when a pitcher hits a home run. There is the sheepish homerun hitter:

There is The Person That Is More Excited Than Everyone Else. This is usually Carlos Martnez and while I cannot seem to find video of it (but see header image), I am assuming this holds true in this instant after reading this:

Finally, there is The Proud Dad, AKA Adam Wainwright. Adam Wainwright likes to hit and takes pride in being good at it for a pitcher. When other pitchers on the team hold their own with the bat, you can just see in eyes how happy he is. This is one of the best parts of The Pitcher Homer:

When a pitcher hits a home run, there is around a 50% chance of a curtain call at Busch Stadium, but that bumps up to 100% when it is the players first ever one. Is this superfluous? Of course. I hope it never ends.

Pitcher home runs are unlikely and often unexpected. That is what makes them fun!

The anatomy of a pitcher home run - A Hunt and Peck | Viva El Birdos

Jacob deGrom side injury update | MLB.com

MLB players who struggled first in the Minors | MLB.com

The Angels Finally Bite the Bullet by Cutting Albert Pujols | FanGraphs Baseball

Are Relievers Wilder Upon Entry? | FanGraphs Baseball

St. Louis Cardinals Stat of the Day: May 2021 | cardinals.com

Todd Frazier designated for assignment by Pirates | MLB.com

Brewers may have found a bargain in Brad Boxberger | Brew Crew Ball

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The anatomy of a pitcher hitting a home run part 2- A Hunt and Peck - Viva El Birdos

‘Grey’s Anatomy’: Jackson and April on New Horizons Best TV Quotes – TVLine

After youve sufficiently doted on the maternal figures in your life this Mothers Day and only after that! its time to scroll through our latest batch of Quotes of the Week.

In the list below, weve compiled more than two dozen of the weeks best TV sound bites, including moments both scripted and unscripted from broadcast, cable and streaming series.

This time around, weve got a contentious baby name debate on The Rookie, some tough love for the recently reunited members of Girls5eva, Drews uncontainable excitement for proper kidney function on B Positive and a feces-related conversation between two Real Housewives of New York City from which we simply couldnt look away.

Also featured in this weeks roundup: double doses of Mythic Quest, Legends of Tomorrow (read season premiere post mortem), Zoeys Extraordinary Playlist, S.W.A.T. and Greys Anatomy, plus dialogue from Young Rock, NCIS, Bobs Burgers and more series.

Scroll through the list below to see all of our picks for the week, then hit the comments and tell us if we missed any of your faves!

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'Grey's Anatomy': Jackson and April on New Horizons Best TV Quotes - TVLine

Patrick Dempsey on Returning to Greys Anatomy and How Television Can Be Healing – Hollywood Reporter

I didnt realize I was the first brand ambassador. That was news to me, Patrick Dempsey told The Hollywood Reporter during an interview about that new gig as the face for Porsche Design eyewear. While he may have been surprised by the milestone, its not a shock considering the 55-year-olds long-standing relationship with Porsche as one of the brands veteran drivers, a co-owner of a racing team and as someone who has stood on the podium hoisting a trophy at the iconic 24 Hours of Le Mans race.

He jokes that hes taking full advantage of his new status, however. When someone comes up to me and says, I love your glasses, I can just give them to people. Its the greatest, he says. Thats what it means to be an ambassador, youre bringing your heart and your soul and your passion into sharing it. Its an honor. Following a global virtual launch event, Dempsey spoke with THR about his favorite pair from the new Porsche Design collection, how it felt to return to Greys Anatomy last fall and what hes learned about himself during the pandemic.

Porsche Design Group CEO Jan Becker said it was your personality and your lifestyle that made this partnership work. How would you describe your personality and lifestyle?

I really love the [Porsche] lifestyle. Its the aspiration of what they are putting out there. Ive always loved it since I was a little kid. A lot of positive accomplishments have come through my collaboration and efforts with Porsche, like racing at Le Mans and being able to do an event like that as an amateur driver. It took about 10 years to get to that goal and achieve it with their support. There was a sort of systematic approach laid out like, OK, here are your strengths, here are your weaknesses, were going to work on developing your weaknesses and were going to do it in a good step-by-step process. That taught me a lot about how to be a better actor, a better person and a better man.

You said you fell in love with Porsche after seeing a poster on your friends wall the night before a ski race. From skiing to racing to cycling were you a daredevil straight out of the gate?

Yeah. Thats all I wanted to do as a kid, to be a ski racer. I wanted to be an Olympian. I wanted to be Ingemar Stenmark or like a Lindsey Vonn, Mikaela Shiffrin type of skier I wanted to be at that level. But where I grew up in a small town in Maine it was the hotbed for the new Vaudevillian group and they recruited me and I ran off with a circus. I was never a good student. I was always struggling. My heart was always in being an athlete and being a competitor. Ive always sort of felt slightly out of place in Hollywood, and I feel much more at home around athletes and within the racing community. Thats where I start to thrive and wake up.

What is it about Porsche that sets it above the rest?

Its a luxury brand, but its also an accessible one. You can get a car or even a used one thats relatively affordable, considering. We can all have that experience for the most part, and for me, to be able to [drive] at the highest level with them is a dream come true. Ive dreamt about it since I was a little kid, and to be able to realize it its transformative. Its still a family-owned company. I have a relationship with Dr. [Wolfgang] Porsche. Once youre in the family, you have to perform, you have to get results, but they help you. Once you do it, youre in, but you have to remain committed.

Its really been nice because Michael Fassbender is now racing and his goal is to get to Le Mans. When I saw him get involved, I was like, OK, now we passed the flint to the next person to go on that dream. And, as part of that team, its important that you support them. Thats the thing I learned the most is staying humble and working as a team to accomplish the goal. That really helps me in Hollywood a lot, by understanding that mentality and bringing that kind of ethic and approach to filmmaking and to my work. In sense, Ive done that. Ive changed as a person in, I think, in a positive way that keeps me wanting to grow and change.

What sparked that for you?

To be on the podium at Le Mans its hard to put into words. I mean, I sacrificed a lot to get there. Sometimes when you have a goal, you have to sacrifice. My goal was to get on the podium, and Porsches belief in me and their support allowed me to achieve that goal. I remember going there, I think it was in 2008 or 2009, I had a magical feeling walking around the paddock area, and to be there with an iconic brand like Porsche, which is really made its name at Le Mans, to be able to do that was really special. It was like a Hollywood movie.

Youve mentioned goals a couple of times, Im curious, what is the next one? What do you still want to accomplish?

To be able to bring the quality of the Le Mans experience in front of the camera. Ive not done that yet, where everything comes together. Whether its a film, as a director or [a performance] to bring that level in Hollywood that matches the Porsche mentality for me. I hope Im being clear on that but its something I was thinking about while watching the [Oscars]. Tyler Perrys speech really moved me as well, about coming to the center. How do we come to the center and stop divisiveness? How can you find a role that brings all of that together, where its inspiring, its entertaining and its healing but not preachy. Something that brings people together. Thats the next thing I want to try to find. And hopefully I can find a director whos going to believe in me and support me like Porsche has.

What did you think of the Oscars?

I have to tell you, the venue was great. I loved the venue. It gave it a sense of old Hollywood and had an intimate feel that made me flash back to the early days. There were a lot of positive messages, and I know a lot of people are going to judge it. But for me, when Tyler Perry said to come to the center, that has really stuck with me. I want to work with that man; he is an exceptional human being. I loved the story about his mother and how he urged compassion and empathy. I mean, thats what we need in society. We have to stop judging each other on how we look, but who are we inside, and meet people there with our hearts.

You just returned from Rome filming the second season of your show Devils. How was filming amid all the COVID protocols?

The procedures over there are really great. Theyre really rigorous in testing; we were tested every other day. We had people on set to make sure everyone was wearing masks. Everybody complies. Its not political at all when it comes to masks. They dont have the level of vaccine distribution that we do here, so were very fortunate. Im going to get my vaccine tomorrow and Im going to fly back to Europe to do the Enchanted sequel [Disenchanted]. But my experience in Rome was a really amazing experience. On that project, I play a very different character [for me], a darker character. The show addresses the abuse of capitalism, the lack of sustainability, and this year, its all about AI and controlling data and its information, in a fictional way. Were also using the same format we did during season one: real, actual footage. We talk about Bitcoin, COVID, the election and all of that. We talk about the war over who is controlling data and how theyre manipulating us, how they follow us. Its fun, educational and entertaining, hopefully. And I love working in Rome.

You were a part of spreading positive safety messages with COVID thanks to your return to Greys Anatomy, which was so well received. How has it felt to field all the fan reactions over the past few months?

When I reached out, Ellen and I went for a long walk asked ourselves, How can we do something positive? During the pandemic, you feel so helpless and everything was being politicized over mask-wearing. We just thought, well, why dont we do something. Then [showrunner Krista Vernoff] had an idea and Ellen asked, Would you come back? She laid out the storyline and I just said, Oh, thats brilliant. I have to do that. It was just really healing for all of us and, I think, for the fans as well. They were such a beloved couple, and people want to believe in love. They want to believe that theyre not alone in the world and that they have angels taking care of them. It was a great message. I was in Rome [when it aired] and people just went crazy and even here too, I think its been very positive. Thats the great thing about entertainment: It has a healing property if we tell the right stories.

The pandemic has led so many people to shift their priorities or rededicate to things they already knew were important. What have you learned about yourself during this time?I need less, certainly, and the most important thing is family and having loved ones around you. We need much more compassion and more people leading with their hearts. I think the problem with society is weve lost our compassion. People are so afraid now. So how do we take fear out of it? Thats what leadership has to bring forward compassionate, empathetic leadership, not divisive leadership. Youve seen where that takes us, and its not a healthy, sustainable place.

Back to Porsche eyewear. As best you can, what does it feel like to put on the glasses, drive your Porsche down PCH?

I had this epic journey coming home [from Rome]. It took 48 hours because of a terrible storm in Atlanta and both of my flights were canceled. There was a tornado or hurricane that came through and we had to come back because something hit the plane. I was stuck in a hotel room and Im like, OK, theres a message here somewhere. This is time to decompress. Once I finally arrived to California, I didnt turn the news on. I just got in my car and drove [to the studio today], it was fun to look at the ocean and enjoy the car, like a quiet, rolling meditation. My eyes were burning so I put the shades on as the light was coming up and I could see things in detail. Its like I had a different vision, in a sense. I know it all sounds kind of crazy, but it was really nice. It was calming. I was really grateful for everything that I have and thats what I remembered gratitude. The eyewear is so well made and theres so much heart, thought, precision and emotion that goes into the craftsmanship.

Do you have a favorite pair?

No, but whats so fun now is that I get to experiment and try on all of them to find the right size and fit and style. I like [the clear glasses] because I cant see anything when Im reading anymore. Its lightweight, and it doesnt feel like I have anything on. Also, what I love is because Im the ambassador, Im allotted a certain amount. When someone comes up to me and says, I love your glasses, I can just give them to people. Its the greatest. I can go back to them and say, I need a few more pairs. Its the best experience, like a true ambassador. Thats what it means to be an ambassador, youre bringing your heart and your soul and your passion into sharing it. Its an honor.

If I print this, youre going to have a lot of people coming up to you and asking for the sunglasses.

Well, then Ive got to tell Porsche to send me some more glasses.

Interview edited for length and clarity.

A version of this story first appeared in the May 5 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. Click here to subscribe.

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Patrick Dempsey on Returning to Greys Anatomy and How Television Can Be Healing - Hollywood Reporter

Spiral Director Talks the Anatomy of a Saw Trap and Cutting a Device for Being "Too Gnarly" – ComicBook.com

Fans of the Saw franchise will tell you that what keeps them coming back for sequels is the ever-evolving plot full of twists and turns that keep you guessing until its final moments, but another key component which much of the general public has latched onto is its gruesome and violent traps, which are once again on display in Spiral: From the Book of Saw. Director Darren Lynn Bousman is no stranger to Saw traps, having directed three previous installments, with Bousman recently detailing that, while the series is known for its carnage, the traps play only a small role in developing the narrative and the attention the production pays to making sure the fictional devices would be just as brutal in real life. Additionally, he confirmed that one trap was so brutal that it had to be cut from the movie. Spiral: From the Book of Saw hits theaters on May 14th.

"To be inventive and to have it fit the story, because it's easy to think of ways to kills people, but to think of ways to kill people that are based in their character," Bousman shared with ComicBook.com about developing the devices. "The traps go through this evolution, they start off as an idea. When you read the script, it's really funny, when you read the script, it doesn't say what the trap is the first time. It'll say, 'Insert trap here,' and then we'll move on, 'Insert trap here.' And throughout the preproduction process, we figure out what that trap is. So, for example, the first scene in the movie, the tongue trap, that just said, 'Bos trap goes here,' and we sit down and figure out what that trap is. So we knew that he lied under oath, 'Okay, he lies, how do you lie? You lie with your mouth, so let's do something with the mouth. Okay, we've already done the headtrap, so we can't do that, so let's remove the tongue.'"

He continued, "Originally, it was fishhooks in the tongue. For me, the traps have to work the way we show them to, so if a guy is on a ladder and jumps off with fishhooks, all it's gonna do is tear the tongue and rip through it, it's not gonna tear it out. So we're like, 'How do we tear the tongue out?' We go through this crazy process, and then they go to engineers, literal engineers, to figure out would this really work. And one of my favorite things, and I hope it makes the DVD, are the tests that the effects house and the engineering house where they actually do it."

A criminal mastermind unleashes a twisted form of justice in Spiral, the terrifying new chapter from the book of Saw. Working in the shadow of his father, an esteemed police veteran (Samuel L. Jackson), brash Detective Ezekiel "Zeke" Banks (Chris Rock) and his rookie partner (Max Minghella) take charge of a grisly investigation into murders that are eerily reminiscent of the citys gruesome past. Unwittingly entrapped in a deepening mystery, Zeke finds himself at the center of the killers morbid game.

With this being the first entry into the series since 2017's Jigsaw, Bousman knew he had to take the franchise to new heights, though fans will have to wait to find out what plan was too brutal even for Spiral.

"This is funny, and I might get in trouble for saying this, and I hope I don't, there was a trap that was cut out of the movie for being too gnarly that we actually shot," the filmmaker confirmed. "The traps are the most complicated part of the franchise at this point. We've killed so many people in so many different ways, the moment we think of a trap, I think, 'Oh, this is awesome,' and they're like, 'No, we did that in Saw V,' 'Oh, but what about...?' 'No, that was in Saw VIII,' and I'm just like, 'Goddammit.'"

Check out Spiral: From the Book of Saw only in theaters on May 14th.

Are you looking forward to the new film? Let us know in the comments below or contact Patrick Cavanaugh directly on Twitter to talk all things Star Wars and horror!

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Spiral Director Talks the Anatomy of a Saw Trap and Cutting a Device for Being "Too Gnarly" - ComicBook.com

Genetics of the fetus and placenta control developmental abnormalities – BioNews

10 May 2021

Developmental abnormalities, including those leading to miscarriage and autism, are primarily controlled by the genetics of the fetus and placenta.

Abnormalities of the placental trophoblast bilayer the primary barrier between maternal and fetal tissues are known as trophoblast inclusions. These abnormalities are linked with aneuploidy and miscarriage. However, it has not been known whether they occur due to the mother's uterine environment or the genetics of the fetus.

'Mothers often feel that they are responsible for these defects. But it's not their fault,' said Dr Harvey Kliman, senior author and researcher at Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut. 'This new research points to the genetics of these children as being the most important cause.'

In a study publishedin Placenta, the scientists examined placental data from 48 sets of identical and non-identical twins. They discovered that trophoblast inclusions were present with similar frequency in identical twins, yet non-identical twins showed a significantly different number of trophoblast inclusions.

Identical twins share the same DNA sequence, whereas non-identical twins share an average of half of their DNA sequence the same as non-twin siblings.

As a non-identical twin, lead author Julia Katz, a former Yale undergraduate who is now a medical student at Hofstra University, New York, included her own placental slides from birth in the study.

Katz's twin brother was born underweight and with several congenital abnormalities, 'I had a lot of guilt, growing up, about why my twin had certain conditions that I didn't,' Katz explained. 'I think mothers also tend to blame themselves.'

The authors concluded that developmental abnormalities are influenced by the genetic makeup of the fetus and that the resulting trophoblast inclusions can serve as a marker of genetic abnormality.

'This work suggests that developmental abnormalities are much more likely to be due to the genetics of the child, and not the mother's fault,' Dr Kliman concluded.

According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, birth defects affect one in every 33 babies born in the USA each year and are the leading cause of infant deaths, accounting for 20 percent of all infant deaths.

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Genetics of the fetus and placenta control developmental abnormalities - BioNews

Geisinger contracted to study links between genetic variations and cancer – NorthcentralPa.com

Danville, Pa. - Researchers from Geisinger have received a five-year, $3.6 million contract to study the role of genetic variation in cancer from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Geisinger will work together with NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG) to analyze data from Geisinger's MyCode Community Health Initiative, a project with over 276,000 voluntary participants.

The work will be led by David J. Carey, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics at Geisinger and a MyCode principal investigator, and Douglas Stewart, M.D., a senior investigator at DCEG.

The investigative team will use a genome-first approach, analyzing data from MyCode participants to identify specific gene variants and then linking that information to the participants electronic health records.

This approach will allow investigators to determine the effect of these gene variants on cancer risk.

The size and scope of the MyCode project provides an opportunity to investigate the relationship between multiple genes and cancers to develop a better understanding of genetic cancer risk in a large clinical population, expanding the list of relevant genes to investigate during genetic cancer screenings.

The project builds on a history of successful collaboration between Drs. Carey and Stewart in investigating the role of gene variants in specific cancers, including a recent study of DICER1 syndrome, which is linked to lung, thyroid, and other kinds of tumors, published in JAMA Network Open.

This partnership allows Geisinger and NCI investigators to combine our expertise in cancer diagnosis, epidemiology, cancer biology, and genetics, Dr. Carey said.

The data available through MyCode provides us with a unique opportunity to investigate the genetic risk of cancer in a large regional population," Dr. Carey continued.

Since 2007, MyCode has enrolled more than 276,000 participants in Pennsylvania. With DNA sequence and health data currently available on nearly 175,000 of these participants, MyCode is one of the largest studies of its kind in the world.

The project is funded with federal funding from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services.

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Geisinger contracted to study links between genetic variations and cancer - NorthcentralPa.com

The Science of Aliens, Part 2: What Kind of Genetic Code Would Extraterrestrials Have? – Air & Space Magazine

All cellular life on Earth is based on DNA, which transfers informationabout everything from hair color to personality traitsfrom one generation to the next. The four chemical bases that convey this information are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

The other essential information molecule on Earth is RNA, in which thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U). RNA has a one-string structure rather than a double-string structure like DNA. The first cellular life on our planet is thought to have relied exclusively on this means of transferring genetic informationin the so-called RNA worldand even today there are viruses (like the one that causes COVID) that only use RNA.

In a paper recently published in Science, a research group led by Dona Sleiman from the Institute Pasteur in Paris has discovered that some viruses show more variation in their genetic coding than was previously known. In the RNA of these viruses, adenine (A) is replaced with Z, where Z stands for diaminopurine.

This follows an earlier study by Zunyi Yang and colleagues at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Gainesville, Florida, showing that an artificial genetic system could be created by adding two additional non-standard bases to ordinary DNA. Amazingly, the artificial six-base system continued to evolve rather than reverting back to the natural four-base system. This implies that the DNA we take as standardmade of A, C, G, and Tis just one of many viable solutions to the challenge of biological information transfer.

The variability does not stop here. Strings of DNA are organized in base triplets that determine which of the standard 20 amino acids are assigned to synthesize proteins. However, these triplet assignments are not universal. For example, CUG, which usually codes for the amino acid serine, instead codes for the amino acid leucine in some types of fungi. Also, some organisms naturally encode for two additional amino acids instead of the standard 20 amino acids.

What does this brief excursion into genetics have to do with alien life? While it is believed that all life on our planet derives from one common ancestor, the genetic code is much more flexible and diverse than usually appreciated. The biochemistry of information transfer in an alien species would almost certainly use different building blocks and encodings, and perhaps even a different number of bases. Our genetic code is surely highly optimized for life on Earth, but I feel certain that there are many optimal solutionsperhaps some that are even betterfor transferring information chemically from one generation to the next.

We, of course, cannot say what type of genetic code an alien species would use. But given that it would most likely be biochemically different, it would mostly likely be easily distinguishable from life on Earth. It may even be more different than we expect. A fascinating out-of-the-box genetic system has been suggested by Gerald Feinberg and Robert Shapiro, based on magnetic orientations rather than chemistry. They showed how magnetized particles, when approaching a magnetic chain, will align with the chain. As a result, the chain is duplicated, and this method could in principle be used to convey information in a binary code.

So, while alien life may well transmit genetic information using structures similar to RNA and DNA, we should always be prepared to expect the unexpected.

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The Science of Aliens, Part 2: What Kind of Genetic Code Would Extraterrestrials Have? - Air & Space Magazine

The Genetics of Asthma – News-Medical.net

Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by lung airway inflammation that is caused by both genetic and environmental factors.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the airways of the lungs that is caused by increased airway responsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. This leads to symptoms of chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

When these symptoms occur (usually suddenly), it is known as an asthma attack. Reliever inhalers (normally blue) can be used as effective and quick emergency treatments to combat asthma attacks. However, if emergency inhalers are not available, or medical attention is not immediately sought, asthma attacks can be life-threatening and 3 people die every day in the UK due to untreated asthma attacks.

The worldwide prevalence of asthma has been increasing and continues to rise across the world. More specifically, asthma rates in urban areas are increasing more than in rural areas. Many of the causes of asthma may be attributed to environmental factors such as smoking, air pollution, climate change, but also increasing evidence points towards specific genetic factors that may directly cause asthma in families or predispose individuals to later-onset asthma especially in combination with environmental factors.

Image Credit: Lightspring/Shutterstock.com

Almost half of all people affected by asthma have a genetic susceptibility either inherited genetic mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which increase the risk of developing asthma especially in combination with certain environmental factors.

For example, people with no family history of asthma have a 5% risk of developing asthma. Having a sibling or a parent with asthma increases this risk to 25%, having both parents with asthma increases this risk to 50%, and having a monozygotic twin increases the risk to 75%. This clearly illustrates a strong genetic basis for asthma risk. The latter also highlights that asthma is not a purely genetic disease and the environment plays an important role in determining asthma risk too (otherwise the risk would be 100% with a monozygotic twin).

Where genes play a strong role as compared to the environment would be primarily in early-onset asthma. Having a family history of asthma usually results in earlier onset disease thus genes may be implicated in the age at onset of disease. Furthermore, the severity of the disease may also be uniform in families e.g., more severe asthmatic parent leading to a severely asthmatic child. Specific genes may increase the risk of allergic asthma (most common) whereas others are involved in non-allergic asthma (rarer but tends to be more severe and usually occurs later in life).

Most genes implicated in asthma are related to inflammation/modulation of the immune system, or to do with lung physiology. To date, over 100 such genes have been identified with more being identified each year. These genes include specific cytokines (inflammation/immunity), Toll-like receptors, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), receptors, cysteine leukotriene metabolic pathway, airway hyperresponsiveness, lung function as well as some other genes.

Specific genes commonly implicated in asthma include:

Many of these genes are involved in inflammation, immunity, and lung function. Mutations or polymorphisms to any of these genes compromise their normal function thus leading to dysregulated immune/inflammatory responses (i.e., exaggerated response), or remodeling of the airways decreasing lung function, or increasing hyperresponsiveness.

Collectively they contribute either to causing earlier-onset asthma, or predisposing adults to developing asthma later in life in combination with certain environmental factors (such as smoking, air pollution, dust mites, or pollen) or combination with other conditions such as dermatitis.

In summary, asthma is a complex multifactorial condition that has many causes both environmental and genetic. Having a family history of asthma increases the risk of asthma thus suggesting a strong genetic basis. Certain genes may only predispose individuals to asthma (later-onset/environmentally triggered), however, other genes may be directly causative of asthma particularly early-onset or that which is more severe (typically running in families). Knowing what genes cause asthma or increase the risk of asthma is important in the development of novel therapies and treatments.

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The Genetics of Asthma - News-Medical.net

COVID-19 one year into the pandemic: from genetics and genomics to therapy, vaccination, and policy – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Hum Genomics. 2021 May 10;15(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40246-021-00326-3.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 has engulfed the world and it will accompany us all for some time to come. Here, we review the current state at the milestone of 1 year into the pandemic, as declared by the WHO (World Health Organization). We review several aspects of the on-going pandemic, focusing first on two major topics: viral variants and the human genetic susceptibility to disease severity. We then consider recent and exciting new developments in therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, and in prevention strategies, such as vaccines. We also briefly discuss how advances in basic science and in biotechnology, under the threat of a worldwide emergency, have accelerated to an unprecedented degree of the transition from the laboratory to clinical applications. While every day we acquire more and more tools to deal with the on-going pandemic, we are aware that the path will be arduous and it will require all of us being community-minded. In this respect, we lament past delays in timely full investigations, and we call for bypassing local politics in the interest of humankind on all continents.

PMID:33966626 | DOI:10.1186/s40246-021-00326-3

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COVID-19 one year into the pandemic: from genetics and genomics to therapy, vaccination, and policy - DocWire News