Cheryl Keech, MD, Ph.D. has joined Uvax Bio as a Consultant and Acting Chief Medical Officer – BioSpace

"We are pleased to have Cheryl join our leadership team as we continue to optimize our commercial and business strategies and to progress our promising pipeline of vaccines positioned to address major areas of unmet need in global health. Her depth of experience in strategic clinical vaccine development will be especially valuable during this pivotal time at the company." said Ji Li, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer at Uvax Bio.

Dr. Keech brings to Uvax Bio two decades of life sciences experience in clinical vaccine development, medical affairs and medical/commercial strategy, including multiple product launches. Most recently, she served as Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President at iLiAD Biotechnologies, where she was responsible for the clinical development and execution of BPZE1- a next generation live attenuated pertussis vaccine that is delivered via nasal immunization. Dr. Keech also served as the Senior Vice President and Acting Chief Medical Officer for Novavax, initiating the SARS-CoV2 and overseeing the phase 3 Influenza vaccine programs. Prior to that, she served as the Executive Medical Director, Global Product Development and Therapeutic Area Head at PPD, and held positions with PATH, GlaxoSmithKline, and Eli Lilly.

Dr. Keech earned her Doctor of Medicine degree from Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine (internal medicine, board certified) and held a clinical appointment at IU. She received her Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the University of Colorado Anshutz Medical Campus, and her masters degree in reproductive physiology from Texas A&M University.

"I am excited to be joining Uvax Bio and look forward to working with the rest of the management team here in advancing the company's multiple vaccine programs through the clinical development process" said Dr. Keech. "I believe that Uvax Bios unique vaccine platform has the potential to combat multiple unmet medical needs and serve the global community."

ABOUT UVAX BIO LLC

Uvax Bio is a privately held biotechnology company focused on the development of protein nanoparticle vaccines for infectious diseases. For more information visit http://www.uvaxbio.com.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211103006354/en/

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Cheryl Keech, MD, Ph.D. has joined Uvax Bio as a Consultant and Acting Chief Medical Officer - BioSpace

List of full professors in the faculty of agriculture in Nigerian universities Nigeria news – Legit.ng

The faculty of Agriculture is one of the best faculties in the Nigerian educational system. With different departments, the faculty boasts of having brilliant academics at its disposal.

In this article, Legit.ng lists the names of professors in this department as released by the national university commission.

ABDULSALAM, Zakari is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

ABOLAGBA, Okhumen Joel is a Professor of Fish Postharvest Technology in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City.

ABU, Sunday is a Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ABUBAKAR, Bello Zaki is a Professor of Rural and Community Development in the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

ABUBAKAR, Ibrahim Umar is a Professor of Agronomy in the Faculty of Agriculture and Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ABUBAKAR, Lawali is a Professor of Plant Breeding in the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS).

ACHIKE, Anthonia is a Professor of Agricultural Economics, in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka.

ACHINEWHU, Simeon Chituru is a Professor of Food and Nutritional Biochemistry. He is a Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology.

ADAMU, Usman Izge is Professor of Genetics and Plant Breeding in the Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse.

ADEBAYO, Elizabeth Femi is a Professor of Agricultural Economics (Production Economics and Farm Management) in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.

ADEBAYO, Isaac is a Professor of Veterinary Virology in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

ADEBOOYE, Odunayo Clement is a Professor of Agronomy/Sustainable Crop Production/Physiology.

ADEKPE, David Idoko is a Professor of Agronomy in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ADEKUNLE, Adefunke is a Professor of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City.

ADEKUNLE, Ojo is a Professor of Plant Nematology in the Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.

ADEKUNLE, Victor Ajibola Jimoh is a Professor of Forest Ecology and Inventory in the Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

ADELOYE, Abiodun Adefunmilayo is a Professor of Animal Science in the University of Ilorin.

ADENIJI, Adedayo is a Professor of Animal Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja.

ADENIJI, Oladimeji Bolaji is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti.

ADENIYI, Olawamiwa Reuben is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, Bowen University, Iwo.

ADEPARUSI, Eunice is a Professor of Fish Nutrition in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

ADESOPE, Olufemi Martins is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Port-Harcourt.

ADEWUMI, Matthew is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

Adeyemi, Segun is a Professor of Fisheries in the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Anyigba.

ADEYEMO, Abiodun Oluseye is a Professor of Fisheries in the Faculty of Agriculture, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

ADEYEMO, Adebisi Ilesanmi is a Professor of Wildlife Ecology and Nutrition, Ecotourism and Hospitality in the Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

AFOLAMI, Carolyn is A Professor of Agricultural Economics in the College of Agricultural Management and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.

AFOLAMI, Stephen is a Professor of Nematology in the College of Plant Science and Crop Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB).

AGANGA, Ademiju Adeolu is a Professor of Animal Production and Nutritional Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti.

AGBEBI, Olubunmi is a Professor of Fish Breeding and Genetics in the College of Environmental Resources Management. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.

AGBEDE, Johnson is a Professor of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA).

AGBELUSI, Emmanuel Abayomi is a Professor of Wildlife Ecology in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

AGELE, Samuel Ohikhena is a Professor of Crop Physiology in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

AGIANG, Emmanuel is a Professor of Animal Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wild Life Resources, University of Calabar.

AGU, Clifford Madubuko is a Professor of Crop Science in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

AGUMAGU, Anthony is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

AGWUNOBI, Leonard is a Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Faculty Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar.

AHMED, Benjamin is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria.

AHMED, Hamidu Gwandu is a Professor of Agronomy (Crop Production) in the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

AIHONSU, John is a Professor of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye.

Aiyedun, Ernest is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agricultural Science.

AIYELOJA, Adedapo is a Professor of Forest Economics and Management in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt.

AJAYI, Adedayo is a Professor of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in the Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.

AJAYI, Babatunde is a Professor of Wood Products and Bio Resources Technology in the School of Agriculture, FUTA, Akure.

AJAYI, Sunday Adesola is a Professor of Seed Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. He holds.

AJIBEFUN, Igbekele Amos is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the School of Agric. & Agric. Technology, FUTA

AJIEH, Patrick is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Abraka. He holds a Ph.D from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His email is

AKANDE, John Adebayo is a Professor of Environmental Management and Forestry in the Faculty of Agriculture, Bowen University, Iwo.

Akanni, Kassim is a Professor of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management in the Faculty of Agricultural Management and Rural Development, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye.

AKEGBEJO-SAMSONS, Yemi is a Professor of Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Management in the College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.

AKINBOLA, Gabriel is a Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.

AKINDELE, Shadrach Olufemi is a Professor of Forestry in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

AKINLADE, Jelili is a Professor of Animal Production and Health in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso.

AKINYELE, Benjamin Oluwole is a Professor of Plant Genetics in the School of Agriculture and Agric. Technology, FUTA.

AKPA, Abubakar Dominic is a Professor of Plant Pathology in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.

AKPABIO, Iniobong is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo.

AKPODIETE, Job is a Professor of Agricultural Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition in the Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Abraka.

ALA, Ahmed Ladan is a Professor of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

ALABI, Olufunmilola is a Professor of Plant Pathology in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ALADESANWA, Rex is a Professor of Chemical Plant Protection in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT), FUTA.

ALAO, Johnson is a Professor of Forestry in the Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua.

ALAWA, John Peter is a Professor of Animal Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt.

ALEMEDE, Iyabode is a Professor of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

ALHASSAN, Abdullahi Bala is a Professor of Soil and Water Management in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri.

ALIMBA, Jonathan Okechukwu is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.

ALIYU, Olawale Mashood is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics in the Kwara State University, Malete.

ALIYU, Umar is Professor of Agronomy in the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

ALOKAN, Julius is a Professor of Ruminant Nutrition and Management, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, FUTA.

ALUFOHAI, Grace is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin.

AMAKIRI, Mildred is a Professor of Soil Microbiology in the Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt.

AMALU, Uche Cyprian is a Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

AMAPU, Ishaku Yoila is a Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

AMAZA, Paul Sambo is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jos.

AMINU, Abba is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano.

AMINU, Abubakar is a Professor of Agricultural Economics, in Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

AMOS, Taiwo is a Professor of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

ANENE, Afamdi is a Professor of Fisheries in the Faculty of Agriculture, Abia State University, Uturu.

ANGBA, Augustine Oko is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar.

ANI, Anthony Okorie is a Professor of Agricultural Extension/Rural Sociology, who teaches in the Department of Agricultural Extension of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

ANI, Augustine is a Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

ANI, Jane is a Professor of Food Chemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

ANIKWE, Martin is a Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria.

ANYANWU, Sixtus O. is a Professor of Agricultural Economics in the Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt.

APATA, David is a Professor of Mono-gastric Nutrition and Feed Toxicology in the College of Agriculture, Kwara State University, Ilorin.

APATA, Olasimbo Motunrayo is a Professor of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.

ARDO, Mohammed Baba is a Professor of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.

AREMU, Ayo is a Professor of Animal Production in the School of Agriculture And Agricultural Technology Federal University of Technology, Minna.

AREMU, Okunlola is a Professor of Wildlife Ecology and Management in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City.

ARIFALO, Ebenezer Ibukun is a Professor of Forestry Economic and Policy in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology.

AROMOLARAN, Adebayo is a Professor of Agricultural and Development Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State.

ARULEBA, Joseph Olusegun is a Professor of Soil Survey, Pedology and Land Evaluation, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti.

ASADU, Charles is a Professor of Pedology and Soil Survey in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

ASIABAKA, Chigozie Cyril is a Professor of Agricultural Extension in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

ATUNGWU, Jonathan is a Professor of Plant Nematology in the College of Plant Science and Crop Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.

AWONIYI, Tunde Amos McJones is a Professor of Public Health and Farm Hygiene in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, FUTA.

AYANLAJA, Samson Adenola is a Professor of Soil Science in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye.

AYANWALE, Bisi is a Professor of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna. He holds a Ph.D from University of Ibadan (1992).

AYOTUNDE, Ezekiel Olatunji, is a Professor of Fisheries Management, with research interest in Ecotoxicology and Water Chemistry.

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List of full professors in the faculty of agriculture in Nigerian universities Nigeria news - Legit.ng

Merck Foundation Calls for Application for Scholarships for Doctors in Critical and Underserved Specialties in Africa and Developing Countries – THE…

(Eds: Disclaimer: The following press release comes to you under an arrangement with Business Wire India. PTI takes no editorial responsibility for the same.)Mumbai, Maharashtra, India&Monrovia, Liberia Business Wire India

Merck Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Merck KGaA Germany announced the call for applications for medical training scholarships for healthcare providers in critical and underserved specialities for medical graduates from Africa and developing countries.

Senator, Dr. Rasha Kelej, CEO of Merck Foundation explained, We strongly believe that building professional healthcare capacity and train healthcare providers is the right strategy to transform patient care in the public sector in Africa and developing countries. I am happy to announce the call for applications for scholarships for young local doctors in many critical underserved medical specialties. Our aim is to provide access to quality and equitable healthcare solutions by building professional capacity. I feel beyond proud that more than 1200 doctors from 44 countries have already benefitted from Merck Foundation scholarships in various critical and underserved fields such as Oncology, Diabetes, Preventative Cardiovascular Medicine, Endocrinology, Sexual and Reproductive Medicine, Acute Medicine, Respiratory Medicine, Embryology & Fertility specialty, Rheumatology, Gastroenterology, Dermatology, Psychiatry, Emergency and Resuscitation Medicine, Critical Care, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Neonatal Medicine, Advanced Surgical Practice, Pain Management, Urology, General Surgery, Clinical Microbiology and infectious diseases, Ophthalmology, Internal Medicine, Trauma & Orthopedics, Neuroimaging for research Biotechnology in ART and more.

Merck Foundation has announced Call for Applications for the following online courses:

No.

Degree and Duration

Online Course Name

1

PG Diploma (1 year)

Diabetes

2

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Preventative Cardiovascular Medicine

3

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Sexual and Reproductive Medicine

4

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Endocrinology

5

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Respiratory Medicine

6

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Acute Medicine

7

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Rheumatology

8

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Gastroenterology

9

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Dermatology in Clinical Practice

10

PG Diploma (1 Year)

Clinical Psychiatry

11

MSc (15 Months)

Biotechnology of Human Assisted Reproduction and Embryology

12

PG Diploma (18 months)

Cancer and Clinical Oncology

13

PG Diploma (18 months)

Endocrinology and Diabetes

14

PG Diploma (21 months)

Emergency and Resuscitation Medicine

15

PG Diploma (21 Months)

Laparoscopic Surgical Skills

16

MSc (3 years)

Psychiatry

17

MSc (2 years)

Critical Care

18

MSc (2 years)

Advanced Surgical Practice

19

PG Diploma (2 years)

Neonatal Medicine

20

MSc (2 years)

Pain Management

21

PG Diploma (2 years)

Pediatric Emergency Medicine

22

ChM (Urology) (2 Years)

Urology

23

ChM (General Surgery) (2 Years)

General Surgery

24

ChM (Trauma and Orthopedics) (2 years)

Trauma and orthopedics

25

PG Diploma (2 Years)

Clinical Microbiology and infectious diseases

26

PG Diploma (2 years)

Primary Care Ophthalmology

27

PG Diploma (2 Years)

Internal Medicine

28

MSc (3 Years)

Neuroimaging for Research

How to Apply:

Applications are to be submitted to: https://merck-foundation.com/Merck-Foundation-Capacity-Advancement-Application-Form

Last Date to apply:

31st December 2021

Scholarship Eligibility Criteria

All Merck Foundation scholarships are provided to nationals of African Countries, Developing countries, and underserved communities as per the World Human Development Index list of Developing countries. Refer to the link: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-development-index-ranking

Merck Foundation Scientific Committee and Scientific Committee of Academic Partners will focus on African countries with a special focus on French-speaking and Portuguese speaking and SIDS (Small Islands Developing State), with the aim to build healthcare capacity and transform patient care in the public sector which is under pressure due to its limited resources. Therefore, requests from Ministries of Health (MOH) or Medical Societies are preferable. In case of individual requests, a recommendation letter from MOH or Medical Societies of these countries will be required to indicate your country's gap in the specific specialty and the objective of improving access to equitable and quality patient care in your community is identified and fulfilled.

Moreover, Merck Foundation Scientific Committee will take into consideration in the selection process the following factors when it is needed: The Human Development Index, Population and number of eligible applications received from each country, and number of scholarships that have been already provided to each country in such specialties.

Moreover, Merck Foundation plans to offer English courses to candidates applied from French and Portuguese speaking African countries and also to Latin American countries, to give them an equal opportunity to benefit from the online specialty training which is provided only in English (List of Online courses given above).

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Merck Foundation Calls for Application for Scholarships for Doctors in Critical and Underserved Specialties in Africa and Developing Countries - THE...

The complete list of the Russian Nobel prize winners – Russia Beyond

Following Dmitry Muratov being awarded the Peace prize in October 2021, we recall other Russian laureates of various Nobel prizes over the years.

Ivan Pavlov

Famous for his experiments with dogs, a pioneer in physiology, Pavlov was Russias first ever Nobel prize laureate. He was awarded for his work on digestive physiology. Read more about Pavlov here.

Ilya Mechnikov

Famous biologist and pioneer in embryology, Mechnikov was also called father of innate immunity, and he opened cell-mediated immunity. However, by the time he got the prize for works on immunity, he had already worked for a decade in France, joining Louis Pasteur's institute. Read more about Mechnikovs discovery here.

Ivan Bunin

Ivan Bunin had already emigrated to France when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for the strict artistic talent with which he recreated the typical Russian character in literary prose. Read more about the fight between Ivan Bunin and Maxim Gorky for the prize and the Nobel family connection here.

Nikolay Semyonov

Semyonov was the only Soviet Nobel prize winner in chemistry. He gained the prize for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation, together with a British physical chemist Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood.

Boris Pasternak

After his opus magnum Doctor Zhivago, banned in the USSR, was published in the West (not without CIA involvement), the Swedish Academy awarded him for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition. The prize caused a scandal in the Soviet Union and after a campaign of intimidation he was forced to decline the award.

Pictured L-R: Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tamm and Ilya Frank

Three physicists shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation which was made in the 1930s. Firstly Cherenkov noticed the blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor, and then together with colleagues they researched and described the phenomenon.

Landau massively contributed to the development of theoretical physics and is considered a founder of the so-called "Landau school" of physicists. He was recognized for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium. Read more about 'DAU' film saga named after Lev Landau.

Alexander Prokhorov and Nikolai Basov

The laser creators, two talented physicists, got the prize for "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle." They shared the award with American scientist Charles H. Townes who worked in the same field.

Mikhail Sholokhov

The author of the epic novel 'And Quiet Flows the Don' was awarded for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people. This time the Soviet authorities recognized the award. Read more about Sholokhov here.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

The author who struggled with all the horrors of the Soviet labor camps, and then opened the Gulag for the mass reader, was awarded for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature. This time the Soviets started a propaganda campaign against Solzhenitsyn, and he was only able to receive his prize eight years later. Read more about the author here.

Leonid Kantorovich

The Soviet mathematician and economist was a founder of linear programming. He shared the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with the Dutch-American Tjalling C. Koopmans for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources.

Andrei Sakharov

One of the founders of thermonuclear weapons, a dissident and human rights activist, Sakharov was awarded for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union, for disarmament and cooperation between all nations. Five years later he would be asked to leave the USSR for his political activism and campaign against the war in Afghanistan. Read more about Andrei Sakharov here.

Pyotr Kapitsa

A luminary of Soviet physics and a founder of the Institute for Physical Problems was awarded for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics.

Joseph Brodsky

Though he emigrated to the U.S. in 1972 and started writing essays in English, he remained a very Russian poet. A major intellectual, a professor of Russian literature in American universities, he was awarded for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.

Mikhail Gorbachev

The first Soviet president is still one of the most controversial politicians in Russia, with many people split between blaming him for the collapse of the USSR or praising him for perestroika and freedom of speech. He was among those responsible for the fall of the Berlin Wall. He was awarded for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations.

Zhores Alferov

A renowned physicist and Russian parliament deputy, Alferov was awarded for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics. He shared the prize with the German-American physicist Herbert Kroemer, who worked in the same field independently.

Alexei Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg

Vitaly Ginzburg took part in the work of previous Nobel prize winners - Cherenkov and Landau, and was one of the authors of the GinzburgLandau theory of superconductivity. Their colleague Abrikosov helped develop the theory by discovering a fluxon called 'Abrikosov vortex' . Since the early 1990s he has lived in the U.S. Two big physicians shared the prize with the British-American physician Sir Anthony James Leggett for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids.

Konstantin Novoselov

Scientist Novoselov left the country in the 1990s, and in the Netherlands he met another Russian-born physician Andre Geim. They started working together, and then moved to the UK, where they continued to collaborate. They are best known for discovering graphene. And they shared the Nobel Prize "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene."

Dmitry Muratov

The editor-in-chief of Novaya Gazeta was awarded along with Philippine journalist Maria Ressa for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace. It is symbolic that Muratov got the award on the 15th anniversary of the death of Anna Politkovskaya, a Novaya Gazeta journalist who was murdered due to her stories revealing human rights abuses in Russia and Chechnya.Read more about Dmitry Muratov here.

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Rosanna Davison reveals she’s still waiting to apply to be her daughter’s legal guardian – Goss.ie

Rosanna Davison has revealed shes still waiting to apply to be her daughters legal guardian.

The former Miss World and her husband Wes Quirke welcomed their first child Sophia via gestational surrogate in November 2019, following years of fertility issues.

At present, surrogacy is unregulated in Irish law and mothers of children born via surrogacy, even through gestational surrogacy in which the child is biologically theirs, have no rights to their children.

Mothers who welcome a child via surrogacy have to wait two years before they can apply through the courts for parental rights, and are not entitled to any maternity benefits as they are currently not legally recognised as the childs mother.

The mother or second parent of a child born through surrogacy also cannot legally consent to medical treatment for their child until they are awarded guardianship.

Speaking to the Irish Times, Rosanna said: I find it incredibly distressing to think of what could happen if we were in a situation where Wes [her husband] became incapacitated or worse.

How would we cope knowing that I had no legal say over what happens to Sophia?

Months after Sophia was born, Rosanna fell pregnant with miracle twins Oscar and Hugo, after suffering 15 miscarriages in the past.

The 37-year-old continued: We fought a hard battle to have her, to bring her into the world, far harder than I fought to have the twins.

To go through the whole egg retrieval process, the stress and trauma on your body of injecting yourself to mature your eggs enough to retrieve them, and everything weve been through to have her. And then to face another fight, its unbelievable.

Pointing out how unfair the system is towards women, Rosanna stressed: Why was Wes allowed to take a DNA test immediately after the babys birth and be proven to be her father, yet Im still waiting two years later to even apply to be her guardian?

Why are we talking about female reproductive systems and Irish law once again? Have we not been here in the last few years?

Im so grateful that we do live in a world where there are women willing to carry a baby for another couple or individual and that we live in a world where medical science has made it possible, she said.

I think Ireland badly needs to catch up with advancements in embryology, methods of conception. Families obviously arent all created in the traditional way and its been like that for many years.

I want Sophia to grow up knowing that she is legally equal to her brothers. She still has to deal with the emotional load, and probably the shock, when we do tell her when shes old enough to understand that I didnt give birth to her to then face legal discrimination for the fact that I didnt give birth to her is another hurdle.

Shes an Irish citizen, as proven by her fathers DNA test, and she needs to be given the same legal opportunities that her brothers, and every other Irish child have.

Earlier this month, Rosanna joined Westlife star Mark Feehily and podcaster Georgie Crawford as they called for achange to Irelands surrogacy laws.

They spoke out after a report in the Sunday Business Post claimed the government will only legislate for domestic surrogacy in the forthcoming assisted human reproduction bill, and will not deal with international surrogacy until a later date.

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Rosanna Davison reveals she's still waiting to apply to be her daughter's legal guardian - Goss.ie

Has evolution breathed its last? | Bob Seidensticker – Patheos

This is the conclusion of a critique of a Greg Koukl podcast about the death of evolution (part 1here). Since some Christians refuse to stop embarrassing themselves with this stupid argument, I will continue to see it as a civic duty to laugh at them.

After much overconfident bluster about why evolution has breathed its last, Koukl finally gives the three reasons supporting this conclusion.

1. Abiogenesis. First you have the insurmountable problem of getting living stuff from dead stuff.... This is not just a problem. This is an insurmountable problem. (17:45)

Insurmountable? Write your paper detailing the proof and collect your Nobel Prize. (True, there is no Nobel Prize in Biology, yet, but Im sure that will change once Koukl documents his breakthrough.)

What will you do if a consensus view for abiogenesisdoesdevelop over the next decade or so? Let me guess: youll not apologize, youll sweep under the rug the fact that you backed the wrong horse, youll hope that no one remembers, and youll stumble forward grasping for some new as-yet-unanswered question within science, learning absolutely nothing from the experience.

2. Cambrian Explosion. Koukl focuses on the basics, which is that he doesnt like evolution and thinks that the Cambrian Explosion is fatal to it. Hes not so good on details like when it happened (hes off by about a factor of six; in fact, it began roughly 541 million years ago and lasted for 2025 million years).

The big deal about the Cambrian Explosion is that most of the 30-some animal phyla (the top-level category, which defines the basic body plans) appear for the first time in the fossil record in this relatively brief period.

Here are some reasons why this rapid emergence of phyla isnt a nail in evolutions coffin.

Source:Wikipedia (with changes)

3. Genes dont explain everything. Mutation of DNA is a key part of evolution, but DNA only codes for protein. Thats only part of the picture, Koukl tells ushow do you get the body? That requires epigenetics. Thats not in the genes. Now, theyre working on it, trying to figure it out, but if its not in the genes, if the genes arent doing the work, then natural selection doesnt do its work on genetic mutations, then that is neo-Darwinism, and its dead (22:10).

Im not sure what Koukl is getting at. Embryology is fairly well understood, and we can see a single cell develop according to the body plan defined in its DNA. Magic isnt necessary. And, yes, epigenetics is a new and exciting aspect of genetics. There is much to be learned. But a naturalistic explanation remains the best explanation. If evolution is changing, well, thats just what science does as it adapts to new facts.

Taking a step back, I see several problems. One is the unstated idea that if evolution can be defeated, Creationism will step in to take its place as the explanation of why life is the way it is. NopeCreationism can only replace evolution when the evidence shows that it can better explain the facts.All the facts.

Scientific theories stand on their own merits, not on the failure of other theories. Or, if I could use a schoolyard analogy that might be more in Creationists wheelhouse: tattling on someone whos misbehaving in class doesnt improve your grade.

That Koukl is talking to the public and not to scientists reveals both his agenda and his impotence. Hes got PR, not evidence.

The other problem is that this entire tantrum seems to be semantic. His agenda seems to be finding a loophole so that you cant call it the neo-Darwinian Project anymore (ignoring the fact that no one worth listening to calls it that).

In Koukls wildest dreams, biology would develop in radical new ways so that evolution taught twenty years ago, say, will be seen as inadequate or incomplete in important ways. But how does that help? Once Koukls smoke screen clears, the naturalistic discipline that explains how life developed on earth (whatever you want to call it) is still there, with no role for God to play.

Ive written about two related issues, theRube Goldbergappearance of life (rather than appearance of design) and the question ofinformationin DNA.

Koukl next brings up atheist philosopher Thomas Nagel, who says that evolution wont allow for consciousness.

This is yet another question that might get answered, as tends to happen with scientific puzzles. Koukls argument is nothing more than: Science has unanswered questions; therefore, God. Again, he forgets that a weakness in science (I see no weakness here, but lets pretend there is) does nothing to support the God argument. Such an argument must stand on its own.

He concludes by ticking off the unanswered questionsabiogenesis, the Cambrian Explosion, and the evolution of consciousnessand concludes, Incidentally, these are no problem whatsoever for our point of view.

YeahGod did it explains everything. Of course, youve given us no good evidence for the God side of the question, but never mind. The real problem is that God did it is unfalsifiable. You could apply it to anything, and I couldnt prove you wrong. Therefore, its useless. By explaining everything, it explains nothing. Scientific theories must be falsifiable.

Koukls argument reminds me of Michael Dentons 1986 bookEvolution: A Theory in Crisis. His 30th-anniversary edition was titled Evolution:Stilla Theory in Crisis (emphasis added). Creationists keep predicting that evolution is dead, and it keeps not being dead. Perhaps theres a lesson here that Creationists arent learning.

What we have in Koukl is a popular Christian apologist (who has a religious agenda) who talks with a popular Christian science-y person (who has the same religious agenda) about their rejection of the scientific consensus. They reassure each other that theyve indeed backed the right horse, and they shore up their argument with smug confidence.

Popularizing consensus science is one thing (this is what I do sometimes), but rejecting it is another (this is what Koukl does, often). I put Creationists in with the anti-vaxxers.

See also: A Response to David Gelernters Attack on Evolution

The difference between a cult and a religion:in a cult there is a person at the top who knows its a scam,and in a religion that person is dead. seen on the internet

.(This is an update of a post that originally appeared 2017-5-24.)

Image from Phil Fiddyment (license CC BY 2.0).

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Has evolution breathed its last? | Bob Seidensticker - Patheos

Abortion is not an act of love – The Christian Post

By Zachary Mettler | Monday, October 18, 2021A pregnant pro-life demonstrator and her daughter kneel before the Supreme Court in Washington October 6, 2008. Amid a presidential race that may decide its future direction, the Supreme Court began a new term today with cases about tobacco company lawsuits, protecting whales from Navy sonar and a government crackdown on dirty words on television. | (Photo: Reuters/Kevin Lamarque)

The abortion industry often uses lofty language to dress up appalling actions. Phrases like termination of a pregnancy, abortion care, reproductive health care and pro-choice are just a smattering of examples.

This tactic was on full display recently at the United States Capitol.

During the House Oversight Committees hearing on newly enacted pro-life laws, Dr. Ghazeleh Moayedi, an OB-GYN, testified against Texas Senate Bill 8 (SB8). The bill took effect on September 1 and outlawed abortions after a preborn babys heartbeat can be detected.

While speaking against SB8, Dr. Moayediaddedthis pernicious line.

I know firsthand that abortionsaves lives. For the thousands of people Ive cared for, abortion isa blessing, abortion is anact of love, abortion isfreedom (emphasis added)."

If you did a double-take after reading that, youre not alone.

These brash and brazen lies should shock the conscience.

Lets start with the doctors assertion that abortion saves lives.

Weve heard much about following the science over the last year and a half. And when discussing life in the womb, the science is crystal clear. Life begins at conception.

The scientific field of embryology confirms this.

Keith Moore, Ph.D.,writesinEssentials of Human Embryology, Human development begins after the union of male and female gametes or germ cells during a process known as fertilization (conception).

T.W. Sadler, Ph.D.,concludesinLangmans Medical Embryology, The development of a human begins with fertilization.

And Bruce M. Carlson,M.D., Ph.D.writesinPattens Foundations of Embryology, Almost all higher animals start their lives from a single cell, the fertilized ovum (zygote) The time of fertilization represents the starting point in the life history, or ontogeny, of the individual.

As to when life begins, the science is settled.

Therefore, every abortion takes at least one life. That of the preborn child.

Now, is abortion a blessing or an act of love?

Not even close.

Thomas Aquinas defined love as willing the good of the other.

A woman who actively wills the elimination and destruction of her preborn child is acting directly contrary to love. As are those men who encourage their partner to abort their child.

And if you ask almost any parent, theyll tell you that though parenthood is challenging and trying, children are a blessing.

Abortion, the violent and systematic elimination of those children, isnt.

For those who deliberately obscure what abortion really is, the Good Book has something to say: Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who put darkness for light and light for darkness. (Isaiah 5:20).

Pope John Paul II, in his 1995 encyclicalEvangelium Vitae, translated The Gospel of Life, wrote, Today there exists a great multitude of weak and defenseless human beings, unborn children in particular, whose fundamental right to life is being trampled upon.

Only respect for life can be the foundation and guarantee of the most precious and essential goods of society, such as democracy and peace, he added.

Americans frequently pride themselves on living in the freest, greatest, and most exceptional nation on earth. Why else would a nearly 20 foot tall, bronze Statue of Freedom sit atop our U.S. Capitol building?

But consider, can a nation that kills nearly 1 millionpreborn children each year really be called exceptional, great or free?

If you were one of the hundreds of thousands of preborn children aborted in the United States this year, how would you see our nation?

To be clear, abortion isnt an act of love.

Choosing life is.

Zachary Mettler is a staff writer for The Daily Citizen at Focus on the Family.

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Abortion is not an act of love - The Christian Post

Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York Presents Innovative Research at ASRM’s 77th Annual Meeting – KKTV 11 News

RMA of New York leads the way with ground-breaking innovative genomics and artificial intelligence research to improve patient care and IVF success rates

Published: Oct. 19, 2021 at 9:00 AM MDT

BALTIMORE, Md., Oct. 19, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Physicians and scientists at Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York (RMA of New York) and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York presented a record 35 original scientific abstracts at the 77th annual meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) in Baltimore, Maryland. Research topics included single cell DNA sequencing, disparities in health care outcomes, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patient journey.

"Despite the unprecedented and ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, our team of trainees, care providers, and scientists demonstrated personal resilience, scholarly excellence, and unprecedented scientific ingenuity," stated Dr. Alan B. Copperman, Co-Director of RMA of New York, Vice Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.

COVID-19 and its effects on fertility and pregnancy were a focus of this year's academic congress. In a highly anticipated study led by Dr. Devora Aharon and co-authors at RMA of New York, the team explored whether there was any evidence of correlation between the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and the implantation rate of euploid embryos, and determined that vaccinated patients did not demonstrate compromised implantation rates or live birth rates. Further expanding on COVID-19 and fertility, a study by RMA of NY and Generate Life Science (Los Angeles, CA) demonstrated that sperm counts are not affected in healthy donors who test positive for COVID-19.

Dr. Jenna Friedenthal presented novel research focused on gaining greater insights into the development of mosaic embryos. Her research on single cell sequencing of whole human blastocystsexpands our current understanding of the genetic composition of human embryos. Exploring early development, the results demonstrate that some degree of embryonic mosaicism may be part of normal human embryonic blastocyst development.

Additionally, Dr. Alan Copperman and RMA of New York's Clinical Embryology Associate Laboratory Director, Richard Slifkin, were selected to host a symposium highlighting the future of fertility with artificial intelligence in the IVF laboratory. Dr. Copperman added, "This is the year we really were able to leverage big data and create personalized predictive models that provide clinical decision support to help patients make more informed decisions.From the molecular to the personal to the community level, we are making tremendous strides towards preventing and treating infertility and enhancing access to care for all."

About Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, LLP

Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York (RMA of New York) is widely recognized as a global leader in state-of-the-art reproductive medicine. Led by an integrated team of doctors and scientists with extensive reproductive endocrinology, fertility and urology experience and training, RMA of New York consistently reports high success rates in the treatment of infertility to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RMA of New York is committed to increasing access to care by helping patients optimize their insurance coverage and access financing options for treatment. RMA of New York is sensitive to the needs of the LGBTQ+ community, women choosing single-parent motherhood, and women pursuing fertility preservation for elective indications as well as those in need of oncofertility services. Headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, RMA of New York has six patient care facilities in New York, including four facilities in Manhattan, as well as sites in Brooklyn, White Plains, Mount Kisco, throughout Long Island, and abroad in Mexico City. For more information, please visit http://www.rmany.com .

Media Contact: Agnes Stachnik, astachnik@rmany.com

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SOURCE Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York

The above press release was provided courtesy of PRNewswire. The views, opinions and statements in the press release are not endorsed by Gray Media Group nor do they necessarily state or reflect those of Gray Media Group, Inc.

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Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York Presents Innovative Research at ASRM's 77th Annual Meeting - KKTV 11 News

Is there a link between vaccines and infertility in men? – Cosmos Magazine

Vaccines do have side effects, but there are some social-media users peddling myths that COVID-19 vaccines cause male infertility and sexual dysfunction.

This is not the case there is no established link between COVID vaccines and male fertility, though falling ill with COVID-19 may pose a risk of sexual dysfunction.

Currently there is no evidence that sperm count, semen volume and sperm motility are negatively affected by a vaccine. In fact, there is no evidence that any vaccine at all causes infertility in either males or females.

One preprint study, submitted in May 2021, found no difference in sperm characteristics of 43 men before and after vaccination with Pfizer. The volunteers came from a pool of men receiving IVF services, and 32% of the participants already had ineffective sperm.

Another study published in JAMA quantified sperm volume of 45 men before and after two doses of an mRNA vaccine (either Pfizer or Moderna) and saw no decrease in sperm count 70 days the life cycle of a sperm following the second dose. In fact, it found that semen volume, sperm count and sperm motility all significantly increased.

Eight of the men had low sperm count prior to vaccination, but this increased to normal levels after.

Because the vaccines contain mRNA and not the live virus, it is unlikely that the vaccine would affect sperm parameters, the authors point out in the paper.

In 2017, about seven in 1000 men of reproductive age were affected by male infertility. With 2.8 billion people fully vaccinated globally, we would expect to see a significant and large increase in reported male infertility in 2021 except we havent seen this reported.

The International Federation of Fertility Societies, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the British Fertility Society and the Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists have all released statements that there is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines cause infertility.

There were no Therapeutic Goods Administration reports of infertility or fertility issues following the administration of 28.7 million vaccine doses in Australia, but there were six mentions of penile discomfort. There was no established link, however, between the vaccine and the discomfort.

Regardless, public concern does remind us that research about COVID-19, vaccines and male fertility is crucial.

The nature of vaccine hesitancy is complex. Sometimes, rumours can circulate because a question was asked that became misconstrued over time as a statement.

Other times, a fact may be taken out of context.

The Society for Male Reproduction and Urology (SMRU) and the Society for the Study of Male Reproduction (SSMR) issued a joint statement with this example: It should be noted that about 16% of men in the Pfizer/BioNtech COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial experienced fever after the second dose. Fevers can cause temporary declines in sperm production. Thus, if a man experiences fever as the result of the COVID-19 vaccine, he may experience a temporary decline in sperm production, but that would be similar to or less than if the individual experienced fever from developing COVID-19 or for other reasons.

Since the life cycle of a sperm is only 70 days, future sperm production is unlikely to be affected by a fever.

In another instance, a circulating video involving Dr Roger Hodkinson stated that ACE2 receptor is present in the testes and its actually on the cells that produce spermatozoa. The video was accompanied by rhetoric claiming that this showed vaccines were unsafe.

However, many facts were omitted.

First of all, this information was based on a paper published in Biology of Reproduction. In the study, researchers found that the ACE2 receptor, which is found on the cell membrane of some organs, was high in the testes and interacted with SARS-CoV-2. Because of this, the researchers suggested there should be further research into the association between male reproductive health and male COVID patients.

The key here is that this study was not about vaccines it was about the coronavirus itself.

The researchers told FactCheck that the paper is a hypothetical article about the potential effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproductive health, not about the impact of COVID-19 vaccine on male reproductive health.

Ironically, the paper didnt prove that SARS-CoV-2 influenced male fertility, either.

But it did prompt further research.

There isnt an established link between COVID-19 and sperm count, but there is evidence that the virus is present in the testes and penis.

An autopsy of six men who died of COVID showed that three of them had a lower sperm count than expected, although this is a small sample and may not represent all survivors.

Likewise, the biopsy of another patient who recovered from COVID showed that the virus was still present in the testes three months later.

The same team also found that coronavirus affected the penis, with the virus still present in the penile tissue of two men seven and nine months after their diagnosis. Both men had developed erectile dysfunction, potentially because the infection reduced blood flow.

This trend is consistent with studies on the 2006 SARS outbreak, which is a close cousin of COVID.

A meta-analysis published in March suggested that there hadnt been enough time to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19 on sperm count and quality, but there is definite evidence of an effect on testes and penile tissue, including inflammation and testicular discomfort in up to 19% of male patients.

While the effect of COVID-19 on sperm count is inconclusive at this stage, it is still highly unlikely that COVID vaccines can cause male infertility.

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Is there a link between vaccines and infertility in men? - Cosmos Magazine

Assisted reproductive technology: Definition, types, and ethics – Medical News Today

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) refers to fertility treatments and procedures that can help with difficulties or an inability to conceive children. ART techniques involve the manipulation of eggs, sperm, or embryos to increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.

Infertility is when people cannot conceive after a period of regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. Evidence suggests that roughly 10% of women aged 1544 in the United States have difficulty conceiving or staying pregnant. Research also indicates that worldwide, 812% of couples experience fertility problems, and 4050% of cases may stem from factors that affect males.

According to the CDC, approximately 1.9% of all U.S. infants are born using ART. While the technology can be successful, it can also be expensive. Individuals wishing to conceive a child using ART in the U.S. can check their infertility coverage by state.

In this article, we will discuss some of the different types of ART, including their success rates, benefits, risks, costs, and the ethics of the technology.

ART refers to medical procedures that aim to achieve pregnancy. These complex treatments involve influencing gametes, or eggs and sperm, to increase the chances of fertilization. ART is typically an option for people for whom other infertility treatments may not work or those who have already tried treatment but have not become pregnant.

People considering ART will often discuss options with a healthcare professional and may require a consultation from a fertility specialist.

While people primarily use ART to address infertility, others may use it for genetic purposes or avoid pregnancy complications. Some people may also refer to ART as fertility treatment or medically assisted reproduction.

It may be difficult for many people to access fertility services such as ART due to its high cost and limited coverage by private insurance and Medicaid.

There are several types of ART procedures that involve different techniques and reproductive cells. A doctor can advise which ART will be most suitable depending on the circumstances. The most common type is in vitro fertilization (IVF).

IVF involves a doctor extracting eggs and fertilizing them in a special lab. Specialists can combine this with an embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and transfer the resulting embryos into a persons uterus. The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology states that IVF-ET accounts for 99% of ART procedures.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists the 2018 success rates of IVF treatments for one oocyte retrieval from people using their own eggs as:

A person may also use a tool called an IVF success estimator to estimate their chance of having a baby using IVF.

It may take more than one IVF cycle to result in pregnancy, and some people may not conceive with IVF at all. The benefits of IVF are an increased chance of fertilization and pregnancy. Potential complications may include:

The National Conference of State Legislatures lists the average cost of a single IVF cycle as $12,00017,000.

Click here to learn more about IVF.

Some methods of ART are similar to IVF but use laparoscopic surgery to deliver the gametes directly into the fallopian tube. Some people may choose this method for religious reasons, or their insurance may only cover this type of ART.

Similar to other forms of ART, there is an increased chance of multiple pregnancy. Additionally, due to the laparoscopy, there is a risk of complications from the surgery, such as infection, organ puncture, or side effects from anesthesia. Intrafallopian transfers are typically more expensive than IVF.

Due to the higher costs and risks of this type of ART, specialists rarely use these procedures. As such, there is not much data available on their success rates.

Types include:

Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become increasingly common in the U.S. It involves thawing previously IVF frozen embryos and inserting them into a persons uterus. A 2017 study found that 52% of people who had FET had ongoing pregnancies.

According to the United Kingdoms Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, FET is as safe as using fresh embryos in treatment. However, some evidence suggests an increased risk of preterm birth with FET. Another possible risk of FET is that not all frozen embryos survive the thawing out process.

The estimated cost of FET varies but can be up to $6,000.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure that specialists can perform alongside IVF to help fertilize an egg. An embryologist, or embryo specialist, uses a tiny needle to inject a single sperm directly into the center of an egg.

ICSI fertilizes between 5080% of eggs. The success rate of ICSI is similar to those of IVF, and it may be an effective method of ART for people with sperm-related infertility. ICSI is typically an add-on procedure to IVF, so it will be more costly than IVF alone.

Things to consider about ICSI include the following:

Third-party ART is when another individual donates eggs, sperm, or embryos to an individual or couple. It can also include surrogate and gestational carriers. These refer to when another person is either inseminated with sperm from the couple using ART or implanted with an embryo from those using ART.

Evidence suggests that 50% of transfers with donated frozen embryos result in pregnancy, and 40% result in a live birth. Other benefits of third-party ART include the following:

Depending on which type people choose, third-party ART can be very costly. Sperm donation is typically the cheapest option, costing around $1,000 per vial.

The other options can vary in cost for a single vial, and many cycles will require multiple vials. Estimated costs are:

Preparation for an ART treatment includes practicing behaviors that may help improve the chances of ART success. This can involve dietary changes, such as taking supplements that a healthcare professional recommends and reducing alcohol and caffeine intake.

It could also involve regular exercise and quitting smoking. Once ART is successful, prenatal care and tests can keep the pregnant person and baby healthy during pregnancy.

Many aspects of ART raise ethical issues, such as:

There are no simple answers on the ethical issues of ART. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine has a collection of ethics documents available here.

Persons considering ART can review their state laws or call the Office on Womens Health Helpline at 1-800-994-9662.

Many types of ART are available to treat infertility. The success rates of ART vary according to the type of ART people choose, and factors such as the individuals age and health.

A specialist will suggest ART based on an individual or couples preferences and type of infertility while also weighing the risks, benefits, and costs.

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Assisted reproductive technology: Definition, types, and ethics - Medical News Today