Neuroscience

Neuroscience Market Competitive Strategies and Forecast up to 2031 – Taiwan News

The latest market survey reports predict that the global Neuroscience market will display excellent growth and record an admirable CAGR during the forecast period of the study i.e. 2022 to 2032. Here we have outlined the Neuroscience Market based on extensive research regarding the major trends in the world. These industries are the highest-earning worldwide and grow quickly. In the next few years, this market has the potential to scale up by billions of dollars. One of the primary drivers expected to drive Neuroscience market growth is the increased demand for Neuroscience among businesses.

The researchers compile the necessary information that enlightens the CXOs about the current growth opportunities in a specific market and enables them to make the most of the opportunities. Specially, while talking about a major shift during the pandemic period, COVID-19 has been a terrible global public-health crisis that has affected nearly every industry. The industrys growth will slow down in the future. Our ongoing research allows us to include COVID-19 topics in our research framework. The report provides insight into COVID-19, including changes in consumer behavior and buying patterns, rerouting and dynamics of current market forces and government intervention. The COVID-19 market impact is being examined, estimated, forecasted, and analyzed in the most recent study.

Learn how tensions between China and Taiwan Might affect your industry; request for Sample Report: https://market.us/report/neuroscience-market/request-sample/

WHAT WE HAVE IN THE REPORTS

1. Future Trends in the Neuroscience Market to 2032

2. Cumulative Implication of COVID-19 & Cumulative Implication of Russia-Ukraine War In 2022

3. Market snapshot (Global Market Size + Largest Segment + Fastest growth + Growth Rate in %)

4. Market Dynamics [Drivers of Restraint and Opportunities]

5. Market Statistics and Figures

6. Conclusion

Lets take a glimpse of it one after the other

As the world is moving forward to liberalization, privatization, and globalization, international commerce and perhaps corporate activity has grown worldwide. A high degree of competition exists among market players operating in the global Neuroscience market. The market is dominated by a few major players and it is moderately consolidated. As well as new entrants in the Neuroscience market. It focuses on recent mergers & acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations, partnerships, licensing agreements, brand promotions, and product launches. Key manufacturers operating in the global market are:

Doric Lenses IncGE HealthcareSiemens Healthineers Laserglow TechnologiesMightex SystemsPrizmatixKendall Research Systems LLCNoldus Information TechnologyMed Associates IncPhoenix Technology GroupNeuroNexus

What is New for 2022?

Global competitiveness and key competitor percentage market shares

Market presence across multiple geographies

Complimentary updates for one year

Market: Segmentation Table

Product Type

Whole Brain ImagingNeuro-microscopyElectrophysiologyNeuro-functional analysisNeuro-proteomic analysisNeuro-cellular manipulationNeuro-biochemical assaysStereotaxic surgeriesAnimal behavior

Application Insights

InstrumentationData analysis and servicesConsumables

Get in touch with our analysts here to know more about global Neuroscience market trends and drivers: https://market.us/report/neuroscience-market/#inquiry

Regional Insights

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, Rest of APAC)

South America (Brazil and the Rest of South America)

The Middle East and Africa (UAE, South Africa, Rest of MEA)

Figure:

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the size of the Worldwide Neuroscience market?

Q2. How has the Neuroscience market evolved over the past four years?

Q3. Which are the major companies in the Neuroscience market?

Q4. What are some prevailing market dynamics in the Neuroscience market?

Q5. Which region, among others, possesses more significant investment opportunities in the near future?

Q6. What will the Asia-Pacific Neuroscience market be?

Q7. What are the strategies opted by the leading players in this market?

Q8. What are the essential key challenges, opportunities and improvement factors for market players?

Q9. What are the segments of Neuroscience market?

Q10.What is the sales forecast for Neuroscience Market?

TOC Highlights:

Preface

This segment provides opinions of key participants, an audit of Neuroscience industry, market outlook across key regions, financial services, and various challenges faced by Neuroscience market. It briefly introduces the global Neuroscience market. This section depends on the Scope of the Study and Report Guidance.

Executive Summary

It elaborated market outlook by segmentation in Neuroscience market. In addition, it also represents the market snapshot covered in the report.

Neuroscience Market Dynamics [driving factors +restraining factors + recent trends]

This section comprises current market dynamics in the Neuroscience market. Such as key driving factors, major opportunities areas, restraining factors, & recent trends in Neuroscience market. It also includes SWOT analysis and Porters five force analysis. This help to identify the key growth factors and challenges in the Neuroscience market.

Global Neuroscience market Analysis, Opportunity and Forecast

This chapter comprises the current scenario of the Global Neuroscience market, including forecast estimation for 2023-2032.

Geographic Analysis

This section has covered in-depth regional market share analysis and carefully scrutinized it to understand its current and future growth, development, and demand scenarios for this market.

Covid-19 Impact

This section briefly describes the positive and negative impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Neuroscience Market.

Pricing Analysis

This chapter provides price point analysis by region and other forecasts.

Competitive Landscape

It includes major players in the Neuroscience market. Moreover, it also covers the detailed company shares analysis in the report based on their products demand and market served, the number of products, applications, regional growth, and other factors.

Research Methodology

The research methodology chapter includes the following main facts,

Coverage

Secondary Research

Primary Research

Conclusion

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Neuroscience Market Competitive Strategies and Forecast up to 2031 - Taiwan News

Neuroscience

How to Deal With Sleep Problems During Heat Waves – Neuroscience News

Summary: Many people experience sleep problems during hotter weather. Researchers address ways in which we can help to get a good nights sleep during hot weather.

Source: Wiley

With heatwaves occurring more frequently, investigators from the European Insomnia Network recently explored how outdoor nighttime temperature changes affect body temperature and sleep quality.

Their review of the literature, which is published in theJournal of Sleep Research, indicates that environmental temperatures outside the thermal comfort can strongly affect human sleep by disturbing the bodys ability to thermoregulate.

The authors note that certain groupssuch as older adults, children, pregnant women, and individuals with psychiatric conditionsmay be especially vulnerable to the sleep disruptive effects of heatwaves.

They also offer several coping methods adapted from elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

It is important to keep the bedroom below 25 degrees Celsius (77F ): 19 degrees Celsius (66F ) is the ideal.

Sleep is known to become more shallow and less recuperating if the room temperature is too warm. Use a fan instead of air conditioning, if possible, said corresponding author Ellemarije Altena, Associate Professor at the University of Bordeaux, in France.

A lukewarm shower or foot bath before sleep can help to cool down and regulate body temperature during sleep. Plan physical activities only in the morning, when it is cooler, and drink a lot of water during the day to help the body cool down during the night.

Alcohol both dehydrates and disrupts sleep, so limit those cold summer beers during heat waves. Keep a regular sleep schedule as much as possible, particularly for children.

Author: Dawn PetersSource: WileyContact: Dawn Peters WileyImage: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.How to deal with sleep problems during heatwaves: practical recommendations from the European Insomnia Network by Ellemarije Altena et al. Journal of Sleep Research

Abstract

How to deal with sleep problems during heatwaves: practical recommendations from the European Insomnia Network

Heatwaves are occurring more frequently and are known to affect particularly night-time temperatures.

We review here literature on how night-time ambient temperature changes affect body temperature and sleep quality. We then discuss how these temperature effects impact particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults, children, pregnant women, and those with psychiatric conditions.

Several ways of dealing with sleep problems in the context of heatwaves are then suggested, adapted from elements of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, with more specific advice for vulnerable populations. By better dealing with sleep problems during heatwaves, general health effects of heatwaves may be more limited.

However, given the sparse literature, many links addressed in this review on sleep problems affected by temperature changes should be the focus of future research.

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How to Deal With Sleep Problems During Heat Waves - Neuroscience News

Neuroscience

Circadian Rhythm Disruption Found to Be Common Among Mental Health Disorders – Neuroscience News

Summary: Circadian rhythm disruption is a psychopathological factor shared by a broad range of mental illnesses.

Source: UC Irvine

Anxiety, autism, schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome each have their own distinguishing characteristics, but one factor bridging these and most other mental disorders is circadian rhythm disruption, according to a team of neuroscience, pharmaceutical sciences and computer science researchers at the University of California, Irvine.

In an article published recently in the Nature journalTranslational Psychiatry, the scientists hypothesize that CRD is a psychopathology factor shared by a broad range of mental illnesses and that research into its molecular foundation could be key to unlocking better therapies and treatments.

Circadian rhythms play a fundamental role in all biological systems at all scales, from molecules to populations, said senior authorPierre Baldi, UCI Distinguished Professor of computer science. Our analysis found that circadian rhythm disruption is a factor that broadly overlaps the entire spectrum of mental health disorders.

Lead authorAmal Alachkar, a neuroscientist and professor of teaching in UCIs Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, noted the challenges of testing the teams hypothesis at the molecular level but said the researchers found ample evidence of the connection by thoroughly examining peer-reviewed literature on the most prevalent mental health disorders.

The telltale sign of circadian rhythm disruption a problem with sleep was present in each disorder, Alachkar said.

While our focus was on widely known conditions including autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder, we argue that the CRD psychopathology factor hypothesis can be generalized to other mental health issues, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, food addiction and Parkinsons disease.

Circadian rhythms regulate our bodies physiological activity and biological processes during each solar day. Synchronized to a 24-hour light/dark cycle, circadian rhythms influence when we normally need to sleep and when were awake.

They also manage other functions such as hormone production and release, body temperature maintenance and consolidation of memories. Effective, nondisrupted operation of this natural timekeeping system is necessary for the survival of all living organisms, according to the papers authors.

Circadian rhythms are intrinsically sensitive to light/dark cues, so they can be easily disrupted by light exposure at night, and the level of disruption appears to be sex-dependent and changes with age. One example is a hormonal response to CRD felt by pregnant women; both the mother and the fetus can experience clinical effects from CRD and chronic stress.

An interesting issue that we explored is the interplay of circadian rhythms and mental disorders with sex, said Baldi, director of UCIsInstitute for Genomics and Bioinformatics. For instance, Tourette syndrome is present primarily in males, and Alzheimers disease is more common in females by a ratio of roughly two-thirds to one-third.

Age also is an important factor, according to scientists, as CRD can affect neurodevelopment in early life in addition to leading to the onset of aging-related mental disorders among the elderly.

Baldi said an important unresolved issue centers on the causal relationship between CRD and mental health disorders: Is CRD a key player in the origin and onset of these maladies or a self-reinforcing symptom in the progression of disease?

To answer this and other questions, the UCI-led team suggests an examination of CRD at the molecular level using transcriptomic (gene expression) and metabolomic technologies in mouse models.

This will be a high-throughput process with researchers acquiring samples from healthy and diseased subjects every few hours along the circadian cycle, Baldi said.

This approach can be applied with limitations in humans, since only serum samples can really be used, but it could be applied on a large scale in animal models, particularly mice, by sampling tissues from different brain areas and different organs, in addition to serum. These are extensive, painstaking experiments that could benefit from having a consortium of laboratories.

He added that if the experiments were conducted in a systematic way with respect to age, sex and brain areas to investigate circadian molecular rhythmicity before and during disease progression, it would help the mental health research community identify potential biomarkers, causal relationships, and novel therapeutic targets and avenues.

This project involved scientists from UCIs Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Department of Computer Science, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics; as well as UCLAs Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center.

Funding: The National Institutes of Health provided financial support.

Author: Brian BellSource: UC IrvineContact: Brian Bell UC IrvineImage: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.The hidden link between circadian entropy and mental health disorders by Pierre Baldi et al. Translational Psychiatry

Abstract

The hidden link between circadian entropy and mental health disorders

The high overlapping nature of various features across multiple mental health disorders suggests the existence of common psychopathology factor(s) (p-factors) that mediate similar phenotypic presentations across distinct but relatable disorders.

In this perspective, we argue that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a common underlying p-factor that bridges across mental health disorders within their age and sex contexts.

We present and analyze evidence from the literature for the critical roles circadian rhythmicity plays in regulating mental, emotional, and behavioral functions throughout the lifespan.

A review of the literature shows that coarse CRD, such as sleep disruption, is prevalent in all mental health disorders at the level of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical phenotypical manifestations.

Finally, we discuss the subtle interplay of CRD with sex in relation to these disorders across different stages of life.

Our perspective highlights the need to shift investigations towards molecular levels, for instance, by using spatiotemporal circadian omic studies in animal models to identify the complex and causal relationships between CRD and mental health disorders.

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Circadian Rhythm Disruption Found to Be Common Among Mental Health Disorders - Neuroscience News

Neuroscience

Dragons and Brain Evolution – Neuroscience News

Summary: Researchers created a molecular atlas of the bearded dragons brain and compared it to the mouse brain. Findings reveal, contrary to popular belief, mammalian brains consist of an ancient reptilian brain supplemented with new mammalian features. Both reptilian and mammalian brains evolved their own clade-specific neuron types and circuits from a common ancestral set.

Source: Max Planck Institute

These days, dragons are keepingGame of Thronesfans on their toes. But they are also providing important insights into vertebrate brain evolution, as revealed by the work of Max Planck scientists on the brain of the Australian bearded dragonPogona vitticeps.

Vertebrate evolution took a major turn 320 million years ago when early tetrapods (animals with four limbs) transitioned from water to land, eventually giving rise to three major clades: the reptiles, the birds (an offshoot of the reptilian tree) and the mammals. Because of common ancestry, the brains of all tetrapods share a similar basal architecture established during early development.

Yet, how variations on this common Bauplan contributed to clade-specific attributes remains unclear.

Neuroscientists at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt tackled this question by generating a molecular atlas of the dragon brain and comparing it with one from mice.

Their findings suggest that, contrary to popular belief that a mammalian brain consists of an ancient reptilian brain supplemented with new mammalian features, both reptilian and mammalian brains evolved their own clade-specific neuron types and circuits, from a common ancestral set.

Neurons are the most diverse cell types in the body. Their evolutionary diversification reflects alterations in the developmental processes that produce them and may drive changes in the neural circuits they belong to, says Prof. Gilles Laurent, Director at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research who led the new study published inScience.

For example, distinct brain areas do not work in isolation, suggesting that the evolution of interconnected regions, such as the thalamus and cerebral cortex, might in some way be correlated.

Also, a brain area in reptiles and mammals that derived from a common ancestral structure might have evolved in such a way that it remains ancestral in one clade today, while it is modern in the other.

Conversely, it could be that both clades now contain a mix of common (ancient) and specific (novel) neuron types. These are the sorts of questions that our experiments tried to address, Laurent adds.

While traditional approaches to compare developmental regions and projections in the brain do not have the necessary resolution to reveal these similarities and differences, Laurent and his team took a cellular transcriptomic approach.

Using a technique called single-cell RNA sequencing that detects a large fraction of the RNA molecules (transcriptomes) present in single cells, the scientists generated a cell-type atlas of the brain of the Australian bearded dragonPogona vitticepsand compared it to existing mouse brain datasets.

Transcriptomic comparisons reveal shared classes of neuron types

We profiled over 280,000 cells from the brain of Pogona and identified 233 distinct types of neurons, explains David Hain, graduate student in the Laurent Lab and co-first author of the study.

Computational integration of our data with mouse data revealed that these neurons can be grouped transcriptomically in common families, that probably represent ancestral neuron types, says Hain.

In addition, he found that that most areas of the brain contain a mix of common (ancient) and specific (novel) neuron types, as shown in the figure below.

Graduate student Tatiana Gallego-Flores used histological techniques to map these cell types throughout the dragon brain and observed (among other) that neurons in the thalamus could be grouped in two transcriptomic and anatomical domains, defined by their connectivity to other regions of the brain.

Because these connected regions have had different fates in mammals and in reptiles, one of these regions being highly divergent, comparing the thalamic transcriptomes of these two domains proved to be very interesting. Indeed, it revealed that transcriptomic divergence matched that of the target regions.

This suggests that neuronal transcriptomic identity somewhat reflects, at least in part, the long-range connectivity of a region to its targets.

Since we do not have the brains of ancient vertebrates, reconstructing the evolution of the brain over the past half billion years will require connecting together very complex molecular, developmental, anatomical and functional data in a way that is self-consistent. We live in very exciting times, because this is becoming possible, concludes Laurent.

Author: Irina EpsteinSource: Max Planck InstituteContact: Irina Epstein Max Planck InstituteImage: The image is credited to Max Planck Institute for Brain Research / G. Laurent

Original Research: Closed access.Molecular diversity and evolution of neuron types in the amniote brain by Gilles Laurent et al. Science

Abstract

Molecular diversity and evolution of neuron types in the amniote brain

The existence of evolutionarily conserved regions in the vertebrate brain is well established. The rules and constraints underlying the evolution of neuron types, however, remain poorly understood.

To compare neuron types across brain regions and species, we generated a cell type atlas of the brain of a bearded dragon and compared it with mouse datasets.

Conserved classes of neurons could be identified from the expression of hundreds of genes, including homeodomain-type transcription factors and genes involved in connectivity.

Within these classes, however, there are both conserved and divergent neuron types, precluding a simple categorization of the brain into ancestral and novel areas.

In the thalamus, neuronal diversification correlates with the evolution of the cortex, suggesting that developmental origin and circuit allocation are drivers of neuronal identity and evolution.

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Dragons and Brain Evolution - Neuroscience News

Neuroscience

Repeated Concussions Can Thicken the Skull – Neuroscience News

Summary: Repeat concussions thicken the structure of skull bones. Researchers theorize the thickening of the skull may occur as the body attempts to better protect the brain from subsequent damage.

Source: Monash University

New research has found that repeated concussions can thicken the structure of skull bones. Previous studies have shown damage to the brain following concussion, but have not looked at the brains protective covering.

A Monash-led study published in the journalScientific Reportsby Associate Professor Bridgette Semple from the Monash Universitys Central Clinical School Department of Neuroscience, found that repeated concussions resulted in thicker, denser bones in the skull.

It is unclear whether this thickening of the skull is a good thing or a bad thing. In theory, a thicker skull is a stronger skull, suggesting that this may be the bones attempt to protect the brain from subsequent impacts.

This is a bit of a conundrum, Associate Professor Semple said. As we know, repeated concussions can have negative consequences forbrain structureand function. Regardless, concussion is never a good thing.

The team hopes that the microstructural skull alterations caused byconcussionare now considered by researchers in the field to better understand how concussions affect the whole body.

Concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury, and repeated concussions have been linked to long-term neurological consequences.

Most studies focus on understanding how thesehead injuriesaffect the brain and its functionbut they largely ignore the overlying skull bones that protect the brain.

Although bones are considered a mostly structural component of the human body, bones are in fact active living tissues that can respond to applied mechanical forces.

Study collaborator Professor Melinda Fitzgerald, from Curtin University and the Perron Institute in Western Australia, has previously shown that repeated concussive impacts lead to subtle problems with memory, and evidence of brain damage.

In this new study, high-resolution neuroimaging and tissue staining techniques were used in a pre-clinical model, and revealed an increase in bone thickness and density, in close proximity to the site of injury.

We have been ignoring the potential influence of the skull in how concussive impacts can affect the brain, Associate Professor Semple said.

These new findings highlight that the skull may be an important factor that affects the consequences of repeated concussions for individuals.

Future studies are planned, with collaborator and bone expert Professor Natalie Sims from St Vincents Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, to understand if a thickened skull resulting from repeated concussions alters the transmission of impact force through theskulland into the vulnerablebraintissue underneath.

Author: Press OfficeSource: Monash UniversityContact: Press Office Monash UniversityImage: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.Localized, time-dependent responses of rat cranial bone to repeated mild traumatic brain injuries by Larissa K. Dill et al. Scientific Reports

Abstract

Localized, time-dependent responses of rat cranial bone to repeated mild traumatic brain injuries

While it is well-established that bone responds dynamically to mechanical loading, the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cranial bone composition are unclear.

We hypothesized that repeated mTBI (rmTBI) would change the microstructure of cranial bones, without gross skull fractures.

To address this, young adult female Piebald Viral Glaxo rats received sham, 1, 2or 3closed-head mTBIs delivered at 24h intervals, using a weight-drop device custom-built for reproducible impact.

Skull bones were collected at 2 or 10weeks after the final injury/sham procedure, imaged by micro computed tomography and analyzed at predetermined regions of interest. In the interparietal bone, proximal to the injury site, modest increases in bone thickness were observed at 2weeks, particularly following 2and 3mTBI.

By 10weeks, 2mTBI induced a robust increase in the volume and thickness of the interparietal bone, alongside a corresponding decrease in the volume of marrow cavities in the diplo region. In contrast, neither parietal nor frontal skull samples were affected by rmTBI.

Our findings demonstrate time- and location-dependent effects of rmTBI on cranial bone structure, highlighting a need to consider microstructural alterations to cranial bone when assessing the consequences of rmTBI.

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Repeated Concussions Can Thicken the Skull - Neuroscience News

Genetics

Hereford Genetics Sustain Through the Dry Season – Beef Magazine

Summer droughts. Limited resources. Only the most resilient cattle make it through such harsh challenges. Roy Lee Criswell of Pep, New Mexico trusts Hereford-cross cattle to do it best.

"These Hereford Bulls on these black cows, getting that F1 cross, is putting more feed efficiency along with more hybrid vigor into these calves," Criswell says. "The longevity of these bulls is in their feet. They don't break down. Out here in this desert country, they've got to have good feet to be able to travel. Getting on top of these cows and coming off on these rocks, we need these bulls to keep going. We dont want them to need a lot of feed to get them to breed back."

In the Southwest, where rainfall is scarce and feed costs are climbing, ranchers and feeders prefer calves that gain weight more efficiently, like Criswells F1 cross cattle.

"At the end of the day, the yield grades are a lot higher, which is more beneficial to our pocket and our feeding operation at the yard," says Chris Adkins of Adkins Cattle Co. "When you get higher yields and better quality carcasses, you get dividends. Here we are, seven months later and theyre weighing 1,350 and 1,400 pounds. Thats whats fun when you drive by their pens every morning and see the growth in them."

Black baldy cows consume two pounds less of voluntary forage intake per day than straight-bred black cows. That's according to an Oklahoma State University study that shows a $50 savings per cow, per year.

"Theyre the easiest to work with, the easiest to get on feed, and theyre probably some of the best converting cattle," Adkins says. "And if you can keep them calm and laying down, especially in times like these where its 101 degrees, theyre just going to continue to convert feed and gain. And man, it pays on the back end."

Source: Hereford genetics,who is solely responsible for the information provided and is wholly owned by the source. Informa Business Media and all itssubsidiaries are not responsible for any of the content contained in this information asset.

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Hereford Genetics Sustain Through the Dry Season - Beef Magazine

Genetics

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Genetics

Keio University research: Genetics and COVID-19: New protein-link revealed for Japanese population – PR Newswire

For their investigation, the researchers compared the genomes of 2,393 patients who suffered from COVID-19 with that of 3,289 healthy individuals. All COVID-19 patients had been hospitalized while infected and 990 of them had been afflicted by a severe form of the disease.

The researchers identified seven genes showing prominent differences between the two groups, of which six were more prevalent in younger patients (less than 65 years old) and in the more severe cases. Upon further examination of these populations, the team conducted a genetic analysis of this population revealing that the gene responsible for producing a protein called DOCK2was mutated in these subjects.

Blood samples of COVID-19 patients were then sequenced to reveal that the risk of a mutation on this gene was associated with low levels of the DOCK2 protein. DOCK2 is currently widely understood to play a role in immune signaling, so to understand its role in the context of COVID-19 progression, the researchers isolated the blood cells of a smaller group of subjects. Their analysis showed particularly low values of DOCK2 in some white blood cells. When this observation was replicated in lab cells, using a drug that inhibits DOCK2, the cells showed hampered movement and an inability to releasechemical messengers that warn the body of disease.

The worst region of the body to be affected by COVID-19 is often the lungs, often resulting in pneumonia. Therefore, lung samples of three deceased COVID-19 patients were scrutinized. DOCK2 was found to be suppressed in the cells of these samples. Finally, the team studied the real-time effects of decreased DOCK2 in hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. These hamsters showed greater weight loss and fluid buildup in their lungs compared to healthy ones. The migration of immune cellswhich is essential in combating the viruswas also compromised in the infected hamsters.

This genome-wide study reveals the potential role of DOCK2 in influencing the severity of COVID-19, especially in younger populations. It could also be used as a target for drug development to fight the infection. "DOCK2 plays a key role in host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of severe COVID-19, being a promising biomarker and therapeutic target,"1 concludes the team.

Reference

Background to the research in this paper and related information

DOCK2 and the immune system: When the DOCK2 gene is activated in our cells, it passes on the green light for DOCK2 protein synthesis.

The DOCK2 protein is known to play a role in the production and release of interferons, which are chemical messengers released by infected cells to get help from distant immune cells. DOCK2 also helps certain types of white blood cells move and migrate to the site of infection (a process known as chemotaxis) to fight the invading pathogens. These mechanisms are imperative to reducing infection, and why researchers believe younger COVID-19 patients, who are at higher risk for mutations of the DOCK2 gene, showed more severe forms of the disease.

The Joint Research Coronavirus Task Force

The paper described in this press release is the culmination of recent inter-Japan collaborative research conducted by The Joint Research Coronavirus Task Force (Japan COVID-19 Task Force) comprising of more than 120 hospitals across Japan, including 13 facilities affiliated with Keio University.1

The Japan COVID-19 Task Force was launched in May 2020 to offer a genetic approach to analyzing the spread and treatment of COVID-19.

Professor Koichi Fukunagalead author of the paper and specialist in respiratory medicine at the Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyois the head of the Task Force that has continued to collect clinical information and samples from patients during each virus variant epidemic and collaborated with hospitals throughout Japan.

The Japan COVID-19 Task Force is focusing on trends in Japan, including clarifying why the number of deaths in Japan has been significantly lower than in the United States and Europe. The results of the studies from Japanese patients are being shared with researchers worldwide to contribute to global efforts to develop treatments for COVID-19.

Keio Research Highlights: https://research-highlights.keio.ac.jp/2022/01/a.html

Further informationOffice of Research Development and Sponsored ProjectsKeio University2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345 JapanTelephone: +81 (0)-3-5427-1678E-mail: [emailprotected]

WebsitesKeio Universityhttps://www.keio.ac.jp/en/

Keio Research Highlightshttps://research-highlights.keio.ac.jp/

Photo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1895226/fig_1.jpg

SOURCE Keio University

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Keio University research: Genetics and COVID-19: New protein-link revealed for Japanese population - PR Newswire

Genetics

Eggs in Viking poop reveal whipworm genetics – Futurity: Research News

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Scientists have conducted an in-depth genetic analysis of whipworm eggs from 2,500-year-old Viking feces.

The study, which appears in Nature Communications, presents new knowledge about the parasites development and prehistoric dispersal. This knowledge could be useful in preventing the parasites drug resistance and future spread.

The study suggests that humans and the parasite (Trichuris trichiura) have developed a delicate interaction over thousands of years, whereby the parasite tries to stay under the radar not to be repelled, which gives it more time to infect new people. Other studies show that the whipworm stimulates the human immune system and the gut microbiome, to the mutual benefit of both host and parasite.

Worms are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, meaning that microscopic parasite eggs in soil can spread to drinking water or food.

During the Viking Age and well into the Middle Ages, one didnt have very sanitary conditions or well-separated cooking and toilet facilities. This allowed the whipworm far better opportunities to spread, says professor Christian Kapel of the University of Copenhagens department of plant and environmental sciences.

While whipworm is now rare in industrialized countries, and most often only causes minor problems among healthy individuals, the parasite is estimated to affect 500 million people in developing countries.

In people who are malnourished or have impaired immune systems, whipworm can lead to serious illness. Our mapping of the whipworm and its genetic development makes it easier to design more effective anti-worm drugs that can be used to prevent the spread of this parasite in the worlds poorest regions, says Kapel.

Eggs, not worms, made it possible for researchers to examine the genetic material of thousands-of-years-old whipworms. Due to extremely durable chitin in egg capsules, their internal DNA has been well preserved while the eggs have been buried in moist soil.

By examining fossilized stool samples which were previously discovered in the latrines of Viking settlements in Viborg and Copenhagen, the researchers isolated the eggs under a microscope, sieved them from the stool, and subjected them to refined genetic analyses that the researchers have been perfecting for years in previous studies.

We have known for a long time that we could detect parasite eggs up to 9,000 years old under a microscope. Lucky for us, the eggs are designed to survive in soil for long periods of time. Under optimal conditions, even the parasites genetic material can be preserved extremely well. And some of the oldest eggs that weve extracted some DNA from are 5,000 years old. It has been quite surprising to fully map the genome of 1,000-year-old well-preserved whipworm eggs in this new study, explains Kapel.

The researchers examined archaeological stool samples from several locations. They compared the ancient genetic samples with contemporary samples from people with whipworms from around the world. Doing so has provided researchers with an overview of the worms genome and its evolution over tens of thousands of years.

Unsurprisingly, we can see that the whipworm appears to have spread from Africa to the rest of the world along with humans about 55,000 years ago, following the so-called out of Africa hypothesis on human migration, explains Kapel.

Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the UK collaborated on the study.

Source: University of Copenhagen

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Eggs in Viking poop reveal whipworm genetics - Futurity: Research News

Genetics

Ever think of hemp genetics? Dr. Bob Zemetra does – KOIN.com

Dr. Bob Zemetra works with OSU's Global Hemp Innovation Center

CORVALLIS, Ore. (KOIN) Some days, Dr. Bob Zemetra is surrounded by pot plants all day.

The plants inside a greenhouse are used for research at Oregon State Universitys Global Hemp Innovation Center. Zemetra, who is a professor of plant breeding and genetics, explained there is much more to these plants than the recreational use theyre known for.

Pot plants produce THC. The plants here have to have a low THC. So instead of producing THC, theyre producing the CBD instead, he told KOIN 6 News. But hemp plants can also be used not just for chemicals, but for fiber and even grain.

Zemetras work includes looking for benefits that come from creating different breeds.

Youre just changing what the plant produces as a chemical, he said. Its a mix of genes. So when you make a recombination or a cross, youre going to get a whole assortment of types of plants.

One example would be making genetic adjustments for medical purposes.

If youre doing CBD, then you propagate the way these plants are. You get a specific chemical profile, he said. Its great for treating some type of ailment. Then we maintain the plant so it stays genetically the same.

Another example he provided is looking for specific traits and then enhancing the gene pool to get better fiber.

Theres something in the hemp, certain types of hemp fiber that works best. So then we talk with the people making that. Then we go back and try to see what we can do to improve the plants.

For Zemetra, who spent several years teaching and researching wheat breeding, improving hemp plants and creating possibilities is whats exciting.

There are all those multiple uses that from a breeding standpoint reproduce the plants and then give it to the people in the rest of the program to figure out if it has the traits that they want, he said. Then theyll feed back what traits they want and well try to put those together.

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Ever think of hemp genetics? Dr. Bob Zemetra does - KOIN.com