Anatomy of a Goal: Not defending the throw-in Equalizer Soccer – Equalizer Soccer

The Washington Spirit collected their first National Womens Soccer League win in more than four months over the weekend, during the coaching debut of Albertin Montoya. So, it seems a but cruel to highlight a goal they conceded to the San Diego Wave.

But this one was scored off a throw-in, which makes it a bit atypical and also highlights some of what has gone wrong in Washington in what will turn out to be a futile attempt to defend the NWSL Championship. As a bonus the goal was scored by Jaedyn Shaw, who has found the back of the net in both appearances for the Wave sandwiched around a trip to the U-20 World Cup.

The Wave had the Spirit under the hammer early on and nearly scored in the opening minute of the match. Winning a throw-in in the 7th minute, the Wave struck quickly, and caught the Spirit in an all-too-familiar moment of lackadaisical defending.

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Anatomy of a comeback: Breaking down the Saints’ historic, improbable rally against the Falcons – NOLA.com

Even by NFL standards, the New Orleans Saints rally from 16 points down to beat the Atlanta Falcons on Sunday was uncommon.

The Saints never had rallied from a 16-point deficit in the fourth quarter to win in their 56-year history. They were 0-208 in such previous scenarios.

Moreover, the Falcons win probability rate was 99.9 with 1:40 left. All Atlanta needed to do was convert a third-and-1 at the Saints 42-yard line, and they could have run out the clock.

Even after the Falcons botched the short-yardage attempt, the Saints still needed an improbable completion to pull off the comeback.

Lets break down one of the most unlikely wins in franchise history.

The Saints entered the fourth quarter having scored just 10 points and gained only eight first downs and 172 yards on their first nine drives.

Facing a 16-point deficit, the Saints abandoned their base offense and went to a two-minute attack, with Jameis Winston operating out of the shotgun. It worked. On their final three possessions, they scored 17 points and gained 213 yards and 10 first downs.

On those drives, Winston went 13 of 16 for 213 yards and two touchdowns. Two of his incompletions were spikes. His passer rating was a perfect 158.3. This, aftercompleting 10 of 18 passes for 56 yards in his first nine series for a passer rating of 61.3.

We kind of got into a little bit of rhythm there in terms of throwing the ball, Saints coach Dennis Allen said. I thought Jameis felt real comfortable in that (two-minute offense) situation."

Winstons longest completion in the first three quarters covered 11 yards. In the fourth quarter, he completed six passes of 20 or more yards, including gains of 40, 31 and 26 yards.

Most of the big plays came against soft zone coverage by the Falcons. They also dialed back their blitzes until midway through the Saints' second touchdown drive. Falcons defensive tackle Grady Jarrett said the Saints started to slide their pass protection to his side in the fourth quarter.

"When you get into those two-minute-type of deals, sometimes that can calm the (coverage) look down of the defense a little bit," Allen said. "I felt like that was the case there. Once Jameis got into a rhythm, he felt good about what he was doing.

Three of Winstons best passes came against man-to-man coverage. All three went to Michael Thomas, two for touchdowns and another for a 20-yard gain. All came in single coverage against Falcons shutdown corner AJ Terrell, who allowed just three touchdowns in coverage all of last season.

Early in the fourth quarter, producers showed a graphic of the fourth-quarter stats on the Fox Sports broadcast of the Saints-Falcons game.

It was a comparison chart of the two teams' fourth-quarter statistics from 2021. The Saints ranked in the top five of scoring, points allowed and point differential. The Falcons, meanwhile, were dead last in points scored and in the bottom five of the other categories.

The graphic proved to be prescient

The Falcons played well for three quarters but started to implode down the stretch, giving the Saints the lifeline needed to execute the rally.

The mistakes started late in the third quarter, when Atlanta quarterback Marcus Mariota lost a fumble inside the Saints 10-yard line with the Falcons leading 23-10. Mariota already had picked up the first down on the play but elected to put his head down and try to gain more yards instead of sliding. He paid the price. Afterward, he said he lost track of where he was and thought he needed more yards for the first down. That shouldnt happen to a veteran quarterback.

On the Falcons ensuing possession, tight end Parker Hesse false-started on a second-and-4 play at the Saints 4 to derail another touchdown opportunity. Instead of seven points, the Falcons settled for a field goal that kept them within striking distance at 26-10.

Later, Mariota fumbled a snap on a critical third-and-1 play near midfield in the final two minutes that cost the Falcons a chance to run out the clock. Mariota said afterward they had the perfect play call for the defensive alignment, but he got overanxious on the snap.

Thats 100 percent on me, Mariota said.

Then, Falcons head coach Arthur Smith elected to punt rather than go for it on fourth-and-1, despite analytics that predicted a much higher success rate by trying to convert the first down than punting.

Part of me wanted to go for it, Smith said. Hindsights 20-20. But at the time, my thought was to let the clock bleed down because they had no timeouts.

The Falcons gifted the Saints 10 critical yards on the punt when rookie long snapper Liam McCullough was called for holding on Taysom Hill, who had beaten him off the snap on a block attempt.

And finally, someone either veteran cornerback Casey Heyward or safety Richie Grant inexplicably blew the coverage on Jarvis Landrys 40-yard reception on the first play of the Saints game-winning drive. The long throw by Winston was a beauty, perfectly placed down the left sideline. But Heywards coverage was so bad Fox Sports analyst Jonathan Vilma said, I am not sure what Casey Heyward was doing.

The replay of Landry's 40-yard catch makes the play seem crazier than it was in live action.

The play call was a simple three vertical route concept, with Landry, Thomas and Chris Olave sprinting downfield on go routes. They max-protected against the Falcons' four-man pass rush by having running back Mark Ingram and tight end Juwan Johnson help block. This allowed Winston time to unload his deep ball down the left sideline against the Falcons' cover-2 defense. Winston's pass traveled 53.8 yards in the air, making it the longest completion by air yards in Week 1, according to Next Gen Stats.

Landrys leaping reception, which Allen later called "a hell of a play," had a 19.6% completion probability rate, the lowest of any completion in the NFL on Sunday, per Next Gen.

Its difficult to tell from the replay angles, but it appeared that Landry was down inbounds after being contacted by a defender as he toppled to the turf. But field judge John Jenkins ruled that Landry was untouched and carried out of bounds by his own momentum. Once Jenkins whistled the play dead, it was unreviewable.

Allen said he didn't see Jenkins' signal because the official was behind him on the sideline when he signaled. Allen, among others, instructed Winston to "clock" the ball during the scramble to get aligned for the next play.

Unaware that the clock wasn't running, Winston unwittingly spiked the ball and was whistled for intentional grounding, resulting in a loss of down and 10 yards. One play later, Winston inexplicably spiked the ball again, leaving 23 seconds on the clock and time for Atlanta to get in position for a last-ditch field goal attempt.

On Monday, Allen was critical of the team's clock management, saying it "wasn't as well as it needed to be."

"We've got to do a better job as coaching staff in that situation," Allen said. It starts with me and the communication into the quarterback, the communication between me and (offensive coordinator) Pete (Carmichael). Weve got to do a better job there and we will.

Hill said Monday he for sure would have blocked Bradley Pinions punt in the final minute had McCullough not tackled him during his rush. Hill beat McCullough at the line of scrimmage and had a free lane to the punter. He credited McCullough for making a smart play to take the holding call.

I thought Taysom did a great job of attacking the protection and getting on an edge and forcing them to have to hold him, Allen said. When youve got such little time and yards are precious at that time, getting that 10-yard penalty was a big deal.

It's tempting to play the "What If?" game here, giventhe circumstances and history of the Saints-Falcons rivalry.

Had Hill not been held and managed to block Pinion's punt in that situation to produce or set up the game-winning score, the play would have taken its place alongside Steve Gleasons iconic block in 2006 and Michael Mautis block in 2015 in Saints-Falcons lore.

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Anatomy of a comeback: Breaking down the Saints' historic, improbable rally against the Falcons - NOLA.com

Grey’s Anatomy’s Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey tease working together again – Digital Spy

Grey's Anatomy stars Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey have said how much they'd like to work together again.

The pair played iconic couple Dr Meredith Grey and Dr Derek Shepherd on the long-running show from its start in 2005, until Dempsey left the series in 2011.

They did recently reunite in the show's famous beach sequence, as Meredith battled COVID-19.

Speaking about whether an opportunity would come up again, Dempsey said he had "some ideas" of how it would work.

"I'll tell her first and then we'll see if we can realise it," the Disenchanted star told Extra. "It's always been a really special relationship Ellen and I have had together in front of the screen and behind it as well.

"I remember the first time I met her, she had a Boston accent, and I'm from Maine originally, so it was very endearing and had that connection right away."

Speaking of the show's success, he added: "People want to believe in love and all of that.

"People around the world, too, were wishing we were actually together. But she's got Christopher [Ivery] and I have Jillian [Fink], and they're incredible people, so fortunately they have that with us."

Pompeo, who is taking a reduced role in the upcoming series, added: "I think the fans out love it, and we'd be 100% open to it. I would anyway. If the material was right, I think it would be so fun for the fans."

"We've done some of our greatest work together," she said. "I think both of us are very proud of the work we did, we had a great time doing it and we created something really iconic."

Dempsey, sporting a new white hairstyle, also crashed Pompeo's red carpet interview at the D23 expo, taking over the microphone and asking her questions.

Asking her if she'd do 30 seasons of Grey's, she responded: "I'm not going to do 30 seasons, I'm going to do 8 episodes.

"There's someone missing from the show, I can't think of who it is. Someone who was a big part of the show and it hasn't been the same without that person," she added.

"Justin Chambers," Dempsey suggested, with the pair agreeing, before joking about Eric Dane coming back.

Grey's Anatomy returns for season 19 on October 6, airing on ABC in the US. In the UK, seasons 1-17 are streaming on Disney+, while season 18 is available via Sky Witness and NOW.

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Grey's Anatomy's Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey tease working together again - Digital Spy

The anatomy of a pepeha – RNZ

A pepeha is often thought of as an introduction, but as te reo Mori expert and teacher Stacey Morrison explains to The Detail, it's much more than that.

Pepeha are used to explain where you come from and your connections. Photo: Designworks

Have you ever said a pepeha?

Speaking from experience as a Pkeh man who hasn't really engaged much with te ao Mori in my life, it can be a bit nerve-wracking.

You want to engage, it's exciting and you're learning things - but you don't want to say the wrong thing. You don't want to be disrespectful. You don't want to embarrass yourself.

You have to think about things in a different way: what's my maunga, my mountain? What's my awa, my river? Where do I consider my home, my heritage? If I'm honest with myself, do I even really have a connection with these symbols and places? What do I mention and what do I leave out? Why am I actually doing this? Is it even appropriate?

The pepeha is an introduction - but also, it's more than an introduction, as te reo Mori advocate and teacher Stacey Morrison explains.

"Pepeha is about where you come from, where you connect to.

"When we say pepeha, it's to give the listener a different perspective on who you are, where you come from: who are your people? What is your place? Where is your mountain? What is your river?

"I'm offering you a way of letting you know about me that's deeper than just me."

Often, pepeha are delivered at formal occasions: they tell your audience about where your ancestors come from, and who they are; what marae you have an affinity with; the mountain and the river that you feel are a part of yourself.

But there are different perspectives when it comes to non-Mori and pepeha: many Mori feel uncomfortable about tauiwi claiming mountains or rivers as a part of them, and, while encouraging this interest and involvement, advocate different pepeha for non-Mori.

"I don't think we should prescribe that Pkeh have to do pepeha," Morrison says.

"And I do see pepeha tools and interactives...and that's fine if you feel comfortable with it. But then you're going to have to deliver it and be comfortable about that.

"The personal part about your identity is very specific and, I think, to be honoured, for that person.

"The way that we speak to it is tikanga Mori, which is pepeha.

"When we enter that space, I think the best way to do that is with humility: if I am going to follow this format, I'm going to do the work that reflects my understanding, and my expression of my identity, and to sit in that discomfort, and to go - gosh, if this is bringing out feelings in me, what else do I need to know?

"I think that's a really energising way to be...the more conversations we have like this, the richer and the stronger we become in knowing who we are, how that's evolving, and how exciting that is."

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Falcons film review, Week 1: Anatomy of a collapse against the Saints – The Falcoholic

Fellow Falcoholics, welcome to another new show here on The Falcoholic Podcast: the Falcons Film Review! Ill be bringing you an in-depth film breakdown each and every week from the previous game. Unfortunately this first review is going to be a negative one, as I decipher what exactly went wrong in the fourth quarter for the Atlanta Falcons against the New Orleans Saints. While there were plenty of good things shown by the team up until that point, another massive blown lead overshadowed it all.

Listen to the show in an audio-only podcast format, available on all your favorite podcast platforms or by using the player below.

You can also watch the recorded video version of the stream on our YouTube channel. Since there were NFL game clips in this video, you have to watch it directly on YouTube.

If youre interested in supporting the show, check out our Patreon page to unlock access to exclusive perks including Patron Q&A sessions, Discord perks, live shout-outs and more!

Be sure to check out the new community Discord server here! Come chat with your fellow Falcons fans about the show, the team, the NFL draft, and more.

You can watch the show here on The Falcoholic, but we recommend watching on YouTube for the best experienceincluding full 1080p HD video and access to the live Q&A in the chat. You can also access the show using your smart TV or device using the YouTube app for the real big-screen experience!

We hope you enjoy the show! If you have comments, wed love to hear them. Send them to us on Twitter (@FalcoholicLive), leave them below, or e-mail the show at falcoholiclive@gmail.com.

Thanks for watching!

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Greys Anatomy star looks unrecognisable as he shows off new blonde hair transformation can you tell who… – The US Sun

ONE of Grey's Anatomy biggest star's today looked unrecognisable as he showed off his new blonde hair transformation.

Fans were left shocked when Patrick Dempsey revealed his striking new locks.

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Known by fans as 'Doctor McDreamy', the actor played Derek Shepherd on Grey's Anatomy for 16 years until 2021.

But this weekend he showed off his new look while appearing at Disney's D23 Expo in California.

Instead of his signature salt-and-pepper coif, the hunky star debuted a shock of bleach blond hair.

While Patrick might be best known for his work on ABC's hit medical drama Grey's Anatomy, he's also reprising his role from a beloved Disney film.

Patrick will take to the screen alongside Amy Adams as their popular characters from Disney's Enchanted in the film's sequel, Disenchanted.

The first trailer for the film, set for release in November on Disney+, was revealed during D23 Expo.

Disenchanted will follow Giselle (Amy), the animated princess who fell in love in New York City in the first movie, as she and Robert (Patrick) move to the suburbs.

James Marsden and Idina Menzel are also reprising their roles for the fantasy film.

Most read in Entertainment

"To work with everybody again after 14 years is just really exciting," Patrick toldVarietyin April 2021.

"We need some escapism right now. We need those romantic comedies and those musicals to get people out of the doldrums that we're in."

Before finding fame on Grey's Anatomy, Patrick had early success on the big screen starring in a number of 80s films including Can't Buy Me Love (1987), and Loverboy (1989).

In 2002 he also had the lead role alongside Reese Witherspoon in Sweet Home Alabama, which was a surprise box office hit.

Patrick is married to wife Jillian Fink, and the couple share three children.

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Greys Anatomy star looks unrecognisable as he shows off new blonde hair transformation can you tell who... - The US Sun

Hearts condemn ‘senseless behaviour’ following silence disruption – anatomy of a historic night at Tynecastle – The Scotsman

The players had left the field in the dying embers of a second Elizabethan age. When they re-emerged 15 minutes later, they were stepping out into a new age literally.

The Queen was dead. An announcement confirmed this at 6.30pm. King Charles III was now the reigning monarch. This smooth transition of the crown contrasted with how things played out on a dismal night in Gorgie.

The Tynecastle club were immaculate in their own efforts to comply with protocol for such an unusual occurrence as a reigning monarchs death being confirmed midway through a European fixture. The European element is significant. It meant Uefa were charged with putting into place an emergency procedure. It was a football version of London Bridge Is Down.

Enough black armbands for both teams were located. A decision to switch off the adverts flashing around the perimeter of the pitch was successfully implemented. News of the Queens death was relayed by announcer Graeme Easton at the start of the second half. The information was already spreading round the ground via social media. Generic instrumental music was played at a notably lower volume.

No birthday greetings were read out and neither was there any information about the clubs next game. It was already looking likely that tomorrows clash with St Mirren would be postponed, along with all other Scottish professional football matches this weekend.

In football terms, perhaps in other ways as well, Hearts might prefer to draw a veil over the European tie as quickly as possible - it was a good night to bury bad news like a 4-0 home defeat. And yet it will go down in history.

A recurring question in the years ahead will be, where were you when you heard Queen Elizabeth II had died? Around 15,000 or so will be able to say they were gathered at a stadium three or so miles from the official residence of the monarchy in Scotland. It was the only game of senior football on in Britain when the news was confirmed.

Heart of Midlothian are one of Scotlands most historic clubs. A team fought andnearly all died for King and country after conscripting en masse in 1915. Hearts played a Scottish Cup tie three days after the late Queens father, George IV, passed away on 6 February 1952. A 47,152 crowd observed a two-minute silence before Raith Rovers were beaten 1-0 with a late Willie Bauld goal.

Hearts greatest era in the mid-to-late 1950s might seem like a long time ago. But it still took place within the late Queens reign, which also covered Dave Mackays debut for Hearts in 1953 and Alex Youngs debut two years later. Ten of the clubs 16 major honours were won with her as Queen.

Its hard to analyse Thursday nights match without acknowledging the context. Footballers are professionals but Hearts were undeniably poorer in the second half.

Even the Turkish visitors, whose fate was landing amid a shifting of monarchical plates in Britain, wore black armbands. Turkey abolished their monarchy 100 years ago. Even my grandparents wouldnt have remembered a past full of sultans, London-based Turkish journalist Alp Ulagay later told me.

Nevertheless, Basaksehir were comfortable about taking part in the mourning. Manager Emre Belozoglu was careful to send his best wishes to the people of Great Britain afterwards.

The home players were banned from speaking to the media. Hearts manager Robbie Neilson answered only two questions. It meant avoiding dwelling on the disruption to the minutes silence that Uefa had instructed should take place at the start of the second half.

Again, this was unprecedented. Has there ever been a minutes silence at the start of a second half in British football before? When will there be one again? Likely never. Maybe thats a good thing.

Nobody was quite sure what was happening. Substitutes arrived late, skipper Craig Gordon, unsure when the minute was meant to have started, turned away too early. There was disunity, and worse, in the crowd too.

A shout of F*ck the Queen! from the Wheatfield Stand seconds in caused a rumble of commotion that included boos when a section of the main stand began singing God Save the Queen. Polish referee Krzysztof Jakubik cut things short.

Hearts issued a statement condemning the actions of the minority of supporters who took it upon themselves not to respect last nights minutes silence. It added: The club apologises, on their behalf, to those offended by their senseless behaviour during the time of national mourning, and we hope that lessons will be learned ahead of future tributes at Tynecastle Park.

Such a regrettable episode has prompted introspection and possibly some confusion among fans. Mike Hamilton, from Edinburgh, was drinking in the Golden Rule with his brother, Ken, afterwards. There are factions within the support, he said. These factions dont deeply divide people, they are surface level. People just have different views.

I was in Zurich watching Hearts last month and this sort of thing came up. There were fans with Union Jacks. Are Hearts a Scottish club or a British club? There are people with very different views on it, but they are still able to share a beer with each other.

The atmosphere was not typical of a European night at Tynecastle in the first place. It got notably more subdued. Hamilton puts this solely down to another poor performance from the hosts. The fans were flat because we were losing, he said. If Hearts were winning, it would have been different.

As it was, we got humbled 4-0 by a very good team. We reacted as we would have done two weeks or even two years ago. Perhaps. But little else felt normal.

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Hearts condemn 'senseless behaviour' following silence disruption - anatomy of a historic night at Tynecastle - The Scotsman

Gastrointestinal Physiology and Function – PubMed

The gastrointestinal (GI) system is responsible for the digestion and absorption of ingested food and liquids. Due to the complexity of the GI tract and the substantial volume of material that could be covered under the scope of GI physiology, this chapter briefly reviews the overall function of the GI tract, and discusses the major factors affecting GI physiology and function, including the intestinal microbiota, chronic stress, inflammation, and aging with a focus on the neural regulation of the GI tract and an emphasis on basic brain-gut interactions that serve to modulate the GI tract. GI diseases refer to diseases of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum. The major symptoms of common GI disorders include recurrent abdominal pain and bloating, heartburn, indigestion/dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. GI disorders rank among the most prevalent disorders, with the most common including esophageal and swallowing disorders, gastric and peptic ulcer disease, gastroparesis or delayed gastric emptying, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many GI disorders are difficult to diagnose and their symptoms are not effectively managed. Thus, basic research is required to drive the development of novel therapeutics which are urgently needed. One approach is to enhance our understanding of gut physiology and pathophysiology especially as it relates to gut-brain communications since they have clinical relevance to a number of GI complaints and represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of conditions including inflammatory diseases of the GI tract such as IBD and functional gut disorders such as IBS.

Keywords: Absorption; Barrier function; Central nervous system (CNS); Colon; Constipation; Diarrhea; Digestion; Enteric nervous system (ENS); Epithelial barrier; Gut microbiome; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Intestinal permeability; Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); Mucosa; Secretion; Small intestine; Smooth muscle; Stress; Visceral pain.

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Scientists find the best way to soothe a crying baby – Earth.com

The sound of a crying infant can be very distressing to parents. They seek to soothe the baby and may resort to numerous ploys in order to restore the baby to a state of peace. None of these methods has been scientifically proven, however, relying rather on trial and error or on the advice of experienced caregivers. In a new study by Japanese researchers, four different soothing methods were tested and the efficacy of each was assessed based on changes in the babys heart rate and whether the baby stopped crying.

Many parents suffer from babies nighttime crying, says corresponding author Kumi Kuroda of the RIKEN Center for Brain Science in Japan. Thats such a big issue, especially for inexperienced parents, that it can lead to parental stress and even to infant maltreatment in a small number of cases, she says.

The study details how crying babies are physiologically affected by being held, carried, and laid down. The researchers made use of ECG data on heart rate, and hand-held video cameras, to track the physiological and behavioral state of the baby as it was soothed. Mothers were given four methods for calming the baby: hold the crying infant, hold and walk with the infant, place the infant in a cot or crib, and place the infant in a mobile crib or stroller that can be moved back and forth. At each heartbeat, behavior was assessed as asleep, alert, or crying, and scored accordingly. This way the researchers could track changes in both behavior and physiology with sub-second precision.

In previous research, Kuroda and her colleagues found that mother mice pick up their babies (pups) by mouth and carry them when they are distressed. The mouse pups show a specific response, termed the Transport Response, when picked up by their mothers. This involves a complex series of parallel biological processes that results in reduced crying and lower heart rates, which helps the parents to transport the infants. Kruoda and the team wondered whether human infants would show similar physiological responses to being carried around, and whether this would have a calming impact when the infant was distressed.

The Transport Response is found in many mammals that have altricial young (born underdeveloped and helpless) that are not able to walk around on their own. Such mammals include dogs, cats and monkeys. We are more familiar with this response when picking up young puppies or kittens by the scruff of the neck. They tend to hang motionless and become more docile, but their bodies do not go entirely limp; they maintain a certain compactness of posture, with legs pulled in slightly, perhaps making it easier for their parents to carry them to a new location.

The researchers compared the responses of 21 human infants to soothing using the four different methods. They found that when the mother walked while carrying the baby, the crying infants calmed down and their heart rates slowed within 30 seconds. In fact, when mothers walked in this way for a period of five minutes, the infants became so calm that around 50 percent of them fell asleep. A similar calming effect occurred when the infants were placed in a rocking cot, but not when the mother held the baby while sitting, or placed the baby in a motionless cot.

As Kuroda explains, walking for five minutes promoted sleep, but only for crying infants. Surprisingly, this effect was absent when babies were already calm beforehand. Among the babies studied, all had stopped crying by the end of the five-minute walk and had reduced heart rates. However, sitting and holding a crying baby was not calming; the heart rate tended to increase and crying persisted. Heart rates also increased when walking mothers turned, or when they stopped walking, showing that babies are very sensitive to their mothers movements.

Unfortunately, the study found that when the mothers tried to put down their sleeping babies after calming them, more than one-third of the infants became alert again within 20 seconds. Analysis of the data showed that all the babies produced physiological responses, including changes in heart rate, the moment they became detached from the mothers body. However, if the infants were asleep for a longer period before being laid down, they were less likely to awaken during the process, the team found.

Even as a mother of four, I was very surprised to see the result. I thought whether a baby awoke during a laydown was related to how theyre put on the bed, such as their posture, or the gentleness of the movement, Kuroda says. But our experiment did not support these general assumptions. Although we did not predict it, the key parameter for successful laydown of sleeping infants was the latency from sleep onset. Babies often woke up if they were put down before they got about 8 minutes of sleep.

Based on their findings, the researchers propose a method for soothing and promoting sleep in crying infants. They recommend that parents hold crying infants and walk with them for five minutes, followed by sitting and holding infants for another five to eight minutes before putting them to bed. The protocol, unlike other popular sleep training approaches such as letting infants cry until they fall asleep themselves, aims to provide an immediate solution for infant crying. Whether it can improve infant sleep in the long-term requires further research, Kuroda says.

Although the research involved only mothers and their infants, Kuroda expects the effects are likely to be similar for fathers and any other caregivers. She emphasizes that this study only included a small samples of infants and will need to be repeated with bigger sample sizes in order to verify the results. Additionally, this procedure does not address why some babies cry excessively and cannot sleep, but it does offer an immediate solution that can help parents of newborns.

The researchers recognize the usefulness of heartrate data in this approach to soothing a baby and hope to make it accessible to parents. We are developing a baby-tech wearable device with which parents can see the physiological states of their babies on their smartphones in real-time, says Kuroda. Like science-based fitness training, we can do science-based parenting with these advances, and hopefully help babies to sleep and reduce parental stress caused by excessive infant crying.

The research is published in the journal Current Biology.

By Alison Bosman, Earth.com Staff Writer

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Scientists find the best way to soothe a crying baby - Earth.com

Revealing the Hidden Genome: Unknown DNA Sequences Identified That May Be Critical to Human Health – SciTechDaily

Scientists have developed a new technique to reveal the hidden human genome.

Numerous short RNA sequences that code for microproteins and peptides have been identified, providing new opportunities for the study of diseases and the development of drugs.

Researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School and their collaborators have discovered thousands of previously unknown DNA sequences in the human genome that code for microproteins and peptides that could be critical for human health and disease.

Much of what we understand about the known two per cent of the genome that codes for proteins comes from looking for long strands of protein-coding nucleotide sequences, or long open reading frames, explained computational biologist Dr Sonia Chothani, a research fellow with Duke-NUS Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) Programme and first author of the study. Recently, however, scientists have discovered small open reading frames (smORFs) that can also be translated from RNA into small peptides, which have roles in DNA repair, muscle formation and genetic regulation.

Scientists have been seeking to identify smORFs and the tiny peptides they code for since smORF disruption can cause disease. However, the currently available techniques are quite limited.

Much of the current datasets do not provide information that is detailed enough to identify smORFs in RNA, added Dr Chothani. The majority also comes from analyses of immortalised human cells that are propagatedsometimes for decadesto study cell physiology, function and disease. However, these cell lines arent always accurate representations of human physiology.

Chothani and her colleagues from Singapore, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia present an approach they created to address these challenges in a recentstudy published in Molecular Cell. They scoured existing ribosome profiling datasets for short strands of RNA with periodic three-base sections that covered more than 60% of the RNAs length. They then performed their own RNA sequencing and Ribosome profiling to establish a combined data set of six kinds of cells and five types of tissue derived from hundreds of patients.

Analyses of these data identified nearly 8,000 smORFs. Interestingly, they were highly specific to the tissues that they were found in, meaning that these smORFs may perform a function specific to their environment. The team also identified 603 microproteins coded by some of these smORFs.

The genome is littered with smORFs, said Assistant Professor Owen Rackham, senior author of the study from the CVMD Programme. Our comprehensive and spatially resolved map of human smORFs highlights overlooked functional components of the genome, pinpoints new players in health and disease and provides a resource for the scientific community as a platform to accelerate discoveries.

Professor Patrick Casey, Senior Vice-Dean of Research at Duke-NUS, said, With the healthcare system evolving to not only treat diseases but also prevent them, identifying potential new targets for disease research and drug development could open avenues to new solutions. This research by Dr Chothani and her team, published as a resource for the scientific community, brings important insights to the field.

Reference: A high-resolution map of human RNA translation by Sonia P. Chothani, Eleonora Adami, Anissa A. Widjaja, Sarah R. Langley, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Chee Jian Pua, Nevin Tham Zhihao, Nathan Harmston, Giuseppe DAgostino, Nicola Whiffin, Wang Mao, John F. Ouyang, Wei Wen Lim, Shiqi Lim, Cheryl Q.E. Lee, Alexandra Grubman, Joseph Chen, J.P. Kovalik, Karl Tryggvason, Jose M. Polo, Lena Ho, Stuart A. Cook, Owen J.L. Rackham and Sebastian Schafer, 15 July 2022, Molecular Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.023

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