Immunology

Vaccines Conferences | Immunology Conferences | World …

Conference Series LLClook forward to welcoming all the participants across the globe to attend19thEuro Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccinationgoing to be held duringJune 19-21, 2016 in Paris, France. The conference highlights the theme Accelerating Next Generation Vaccines for Global Health covering all important aspects in Vaccines and therapeutics.

Euro Vaccines 2017conference features highly enlightening and interactive sessions to encourage the exchange of ideas across a wide range of disciplines in the field of vaccination and therapeutics. The conference includes explicit keynote talks from distinguished scientists, plenary sessions, Poster competition, Young Researcher sessions, Symposiums, Workshop and Exhibitions.

Track 1:Human Vaccines - Infectious & Non Infectious Diseases

Avaccineis an inactivated form of bacteria or virus that is injected into the body to simulate an actualinfection. Because the injected microorganisms are 'dead,' they don't cause a person to become sick. Instead, vaccines stimulate animmune responseby the body that will fight off that type of illness. It covers infectious disease targets and non-infectious disease targets. To generate vaccine-mediated protection is a complex challenge. Currently available vaccines have largely been developed empirically, with little or no understanding on how they activate theimmune system. Their early protective efficacy is primarily conferred by the induction of antigen-specific antibodies. However, there is more to antibody-mediated protection than the peak of vaccine-induced antibody titers.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 2:Vaccine Research & Development:

Vaccine Developmentis an activity that focuses on a variety of technological initiatives and applied research, which enhance and promote improved systems and practices for vaccine safety. In the past year, the unprecedentedEbola diseaseoutbreak galvanized research and industry response and as we continue to search for solutions, we must review the lessons learned in order to overcome the current challenges. Vaccines development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement. The current system for developing, testing, and regulating vaccines developed during the 20th century as the groups involved standardized their procedures and regulations.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 3:Cancer Vaccines:

Immunotherapeuticsis treatment that uses your body's own immune system to help fight cancer. Get information about the different types of immunotherapy and the types of cancer they are used to treat. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat cancer include:

Some types ofimmunotherapyare also sometimes called biologic therapy or biotherapy.

In the last few decades immunotherapy has become an important part of treating some types of cancer. Newer types of immune treatments are now being studied, and theyll impact how we treat cancer in the future.

Immunotherapy includes treatments that work in different ways. Some boost the bodys immune system in a very general way. Others help train the immune system to attack cancer cells specifically. Immunotherapy works better for some types of cancer than for others. Its used by itself for some of these cancers, but for others it seems to work better when used with other types of treatment.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, July 28-30, 2016, Australia; 12th Euro GlobalSummit on Cancer Therapy, Sept 26-28, 2016, UK; InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pediatric Oncology, Aug 4-6, 2016, Canada; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; World;Vaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 4:HIV Vaccines:

AnAIDSvaccine does not yet exist, but efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have been underway for many years. An HIV vaccine could be effective in either of two ways. A preventive vaccine would stopHIV infectionoccurring altogether, whereas a therapeutic vaccine would not stop infection, but would prevent or delay illness in people who do become infected, and might also reduce the risk of them transmitting the virus to other people. Although a preventive vaccine would be ideal, therapeutic vaccines would also be highly beneficial. The basic idea behind allHIV vaccinesis to encourage the humanimmune systemto fight HIV.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; AnnualConference on Virulent HIV Vaccines, July 28-30, 2016 Thailand; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; HIV Research for Prevention 2016, 17-21 October, Chicago, USA; InternationalAIDS Conference2016, July 17-19, 2016, Durban, South Africa;HIV Trials Network Meeting, MAY 18-20, 2016, Washington D.C., USA;HIV Vaccines(X8), March 2024, 2016, California, USA;HIV Research for Prevention2016 (HIVR4P), October 17- 20, 2016, Chicago, USA

Track 5:Vaccines safety& Efficacy:

Vaccines are the best defense we have against serious, preventable, and sometimes deadlycontagious diseases. Vaccines are some of the safest medical products available, but like any other medical product, there may behealth risk. Accurate information about the value of vaccines as well as their possibleside-effectshelps people to make informed decisions about vaccination. The safety of vaccines is carefully monitored, starting early in the product development and continuing for as long as the vaccine is being used. Find out about what is done before and after vaccines are approved for use and what is known about the benefits and safety of specific vaccines. There is a lot of false information about vaccines safety on the Internet. This can be confusing. Discover the answers to common questions and concerns about vaccines.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 6:Vaccination for Pregnant Women:

Vaccines can help keep you and your growing family healthy. If you are pregnant or planning apregnancy, the specific vaccinations you need are determined by factors such as your age, lifestyle, medical conditions you may have, such as asthma or diabetes, type and locations of travel, and previous vaccinations. Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm. All women who will be pregnant (any trimester) during the flu season should be offered this vaccine. Talk to your doctor to see if this applies to you.Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis(Tdap): Tdap is recommended during pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 36 weeks' gestation, to protect baby from whooping cough.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Pregnancy Summit& Child Health, Aug 29-31, 2016, Brazil; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 7:Childhood Vaccines:

Vaccinationgiven to children is called childrenImmunization. It is currently recommended that all children receive vaccination against the infectious diseases unless the child has special circumstances, such as a compromised immune system orneurological disorders. In our mobile society, over a million people each day people travel to and from other countries, where many vaccine-preventable diseases remain relatively common. Without vaccines, epidemics of many preventable diseases could return, resulting in increased - and unnecessary - illness, disability, and death among children.

We have record or near record low levels of vaccine-preventable childhood diseases in the United States, but that does not mean these have disappeared. Many of the viruses and bacteria are still circulating in this country or are only a plane ride away. Thats why its important that children, especially infants and young children receive recommended immunizations on time.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 8:Vaccine Adjuvants & Delivery Technologies:

Vaccine adjuvants - is an ingredient of a vaccine that helps create a stronger immune response in the patients body. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better. Some vaccines made from weakened or dead germs contain naturally occurring adjuvants and help the body produce a strong protectiveimmune response. However, most vaccines developed today include just small components of germs, such as their proteins, rather than the entire virus or bacteria. These vaccines often must be made with adjuvants to ensure the body produces an immune response strong enough to protect the patient from the germ he or she is being vaccinated against. Aluminum gels or aluminum salts are vaccines ingredients that have been used in vaccines since the 1930s. Small amounts of aluminum are added to help the body build strongerimmunityagainst the germ in the vaccine. Aluminum is one of the most common metals found in nature and is present in air, food, and water. The amount of aluminum present in vaccines is low and is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Drug deliverysystems are engineered technologies for the targeted delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents. Drugs have long been used to improve health and extend lives. The practice of drug delivery has changed dramatically in the last few decades and even greater changes are anticipated in the near future. Biomedical engineers have not only contributed substantially to our understanding of the physiological barriers to efficient drug deliverysuch as transport in the circulatory system and drug movement through cells and tissuesthey have contributed to the development of a number of new modes of drug delivery that have entered clinical practice. Role of vaccine delivery technologies includes rational development of vaccines, achievingimmunizationgoals, supporting best clinical practice.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 8th InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery Systems, March 7-9, 2016, Spain; 9th WorldDrug Delivery Summit, June 30-July 2, 2016, USA; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE;Drug Delivery CongressEurope, Germany; 13th Annual InternationalNanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium, USA;Vaccines for Children & Vaccine Preventable Disease ConferenceSouth Iselin, NJ; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA

Track 9:Immunization for Older Adults:

Vaccines are an important part of routine preventive care for older adults, but most adults dont get their vaccines as recommended. Omittingvaccinationleaves adults needlessly vulnerable to severe illnesses, long-term suffering and death from preventable infections. Vaccines are recommended for adults of all ages, they are particularly important for older persons who are at great risk of serious debilitating consequences and death frominfectious diseases. Vaccination is particularly important for individuals living in nursing homes or assisted living facilities, as disease can spread easily among people in close proximity.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Geriatric Medicine Conference, Nov 17-19, 2016, USA; 3rd InternationalConference on Geriatrics & Gerontology, Aug 15-17, 2016, UK; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 10:Vaccines against Viral and Bacterial Diseases:

Most vaccines againstviral infectionare effective at preventing disease. However, they are not 100% effective for a number of reasons, reactions can occur after vaccinations.

It is difficult for many of us today to appreciate the dangers of childhood viral infections.

Most of the vaccines in use againstvirusesare very effective at preventingdisease. However, for a variety of reasons, they can fail:

The different vaccine combinations at each time point do not interfere with one another and there is no increased risk of serious side-effects when they are given at the same time.

Bacterial vaccines contain killed or attenuated bacteria that activate the immune system. Antibodies are built against that particular bacteria, and prevents bacterial infection later.

Most vaccines against bacterial infections are effective at preventing disease, reactions can occur after vaccinations. Vaccines are available againsttuberculosis,diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B,cholera, typhoid, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia;Vaccine Summit, UK; BIT's 6th AnnualWorld Congress of Vaccine, China; 9thVaccines & ISV Congress, South Korea; WorldVaccines Congress, USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 2ndAntivirals CongressMassachusetts, United States;Vaccinology conferenceSydney Australia;Vaccines R&D conference-2015 A New Era in Vaccine Discovery Baltimore, USA; MoldovaVaccine Summit, UK;Immunotherapy and Vaccine SummitBoston, USA

Track 11:DNA Vaccines:

DNA vaccinationis a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response.

Vaccinationconsists of stimulating the immune system with an infectious agent, or components of an infectious agent, modified in such a manner that no harm or disease is caused, but ensuring that when the host is confronted with that infectious agent, the immune system can adequately neutralize it before it causes any ill effect. For over a hundred years vaccination has been effected by one of two approaches: either introducing specific antigens against which the immune system reacts directly; or introducing live attenuated infectious agents that replicate within the host without causing disease synthesize the antigens that subsequently prime theimmune system.

The field of DNA vaccination is developing rapidly. Vaccines currently being developed use not only DNA, but also include adjuncts that assist DNA to enter cells, target it towards specific cells, or that may act as adjuvants in stimulating or directing theimmune response. Ultimately, the distinction between a sophisticated DNA vaccine and a simple viral vector may not be clear. Many aspects of the immune response generated by DNA vaccines are not understood. However, this has not impeded significant progress towards the use of this type of vaccine in humans, and clinical trials have begun.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 12:HPV Vaccines:

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)vaccine is an inactivated (not live) vaccine which protects against four major types of HPV.

These include two types that cause about 70% of cervical cancer and two types that cause about 90% of genital warts. HPV vaccine can prevent most genital warts and most cases of cervical cancer. Protection from HPV vaccine is expected to be long-lasting. But vaccinated women still need cervical cancer screening because the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer.

RoutineHPV Vaccination

It is important for girls to get HPV vaccine before their first sexual contact -- because they have not been exposed to HPV. For these girls, the vaccine can prevent almost 100% of disease caused by the four types of HPV targeted by the vaccine. However, if a girl or woman is already infected with a type of HPV, the vaccine will not prevent disease from that type. The vaccine is also recommended for girls and women 13 through 26 years of age who did not receive it when they were younger.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Human Papillomavirus, May 2-3, 2016, USA; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 13:Tuberculosis Vaccines:

BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin (Tuberculosis Vaccines), is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Many foreign-born persons have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculousmeningitisand miliary disease. However, Tuberculosis Vaccine is not generally recommended for use in the United States because of the low risk of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis, the variable effectiveness of the vaccine against adult pulmonary TB, and the vaccines potential interference with tuberculin skin test reactivity. The Tuberculosis Vaccine should be considered only for very select persons who meet specific criteria and in consultation with a TB expert.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; The 2016TB Summit: 21 23 June 2016, London, UK;EMBO conference Tuberculosis2016, September 19-23, 2016, Paris, France; 20th AnnualTB Conference, February 24-27, 2016, Colorado, USA; ICTT 2016 : 18th InternationalConference on Tuberculosis Therapy, February 25 - 26, 2016, London, United Kingdom; 47th Union WorldConference on Lung Health, 25-29 October 2016, Liverpool, UK; Joint 20thConference of The Union North America Region and the National TB Controllers Association, 24-27 February 2016, Colorado, USA

Track 14:Mucosal vaccines:

Mostinfectious agentsenter the body at mucosal surfaces and therefore mucosal immune responses function as a first line of defence. Protective mucosal immune responses are most effectively induced by mucosal immunization through oral, nasal, rectal or vaginal routes, but the vast majority of vaccines in use today are administered by injection. Immunisation involves the delivery of antigens to the mucosalimmune system(dispersed or organised into units such as Peyers patches in the intestine or the nasal-associated lymphoidtissuein the oropharangeal cavity). The antigen delivery systems may comprise a simple buffer solution with/without adjuvants or an advanced particulate formulation, such as liposomes or nanoparticles. The most commonly evaluated route for mucosal antigen delivery is oral, but other routes have also been explored.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 15:Vaccines for Vector-borne Diseases:

Vaccines that target blood-feeding disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, have the potential to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens.Vector-borne diseasesare among the most complex of all infectious diseases to prevent and control. Vector- borne diseases, most of which are transmitted in and around the home, are best controlled by a combination of vector control (use of public health insecticides on bednets, or by spraying), medicines and vaccines.

Historically, successful vector-borne disease prevention resulted from management or elimination of vector populations.Malariawas driven out of the USA and most of Europe in this way. Where vector control has been consistently applied in the past, the results have been dramatic, especially with early efforts to control malaria by spraying the inside surfaces of houses with insecticides. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide treated bednets have been very effective over the last 10 years and are widely regarded as one of the main contributors to the more than 1 million lives saved.

In contrast to expenditure and effort on medicine, diagnostic andvaccine development, relatively little attention was given to vector control in the past. The foresighted establishment of IVCC in 2005, with a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation began the process of bringing Vector Control into the mainstream strategy for future eradication of malaria and other vector-borne diseases.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, July 28-30, 2016, Australia; 12th Euro GlobalSummit on Cancer Therapy, Sept 26-28, 2016, UK; InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pediatric Oncology, Aug 4-6, 2016, Canada; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 16:Human Preventive& Therapeutic Vaccines:

Apreventative vaccineis administered to a person who is free of the targeted infection. By introducing a part of the virus or an inactive virus (which acts like a decoy) into the body, the immune system reacts by producing antibodies. Preventive vaccines are widely used to prevent diseases likepolio,chicken pox,measles, mumps, rubella,influenza(flu), and hepatitis A and B.

In addition to preventive vaccines, there are also therapeutic vaccines. These are vaccines that are designed to treat people who already have a disease. Some scientists prefer to refer to therapeutic vaccines as therapeutic immunogens.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 17:Plant-based vaccines:

Plant-basedvaccinesare recombinant protein subunit vaccines. Ideally, the choice of plant species used to produce the selected antigen should allow for oraldrug deliveryin the form of an edible vaccine. To date, the most advanced human vaccine projects have successfully completed phase I clinical trials, andanimal vaccineprojects have given promising data in early phase trials targeting specific animal species.

The plant-based vaccine production method works by isolating a specific antigen protein, one that triggers a humanimmune responsefrom the targeted virus. A gene from the protein is transferred to bacteria, which are then used to infect plant cells. The plants then start producing the exact protein that will be used for vaccinations. The flexibility of the plant expressed vaccine system, combined with its low cost and ability to massively scale may provide vaccine protection not only to citizens of the United States, but to many parts of the world that cannot currently afford vaccines. Other uses of plant expressed vaccines including the successful creation of edible bananas that protect against the Norwalk virus.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 18: Veterinary vaccines:

Veterinary vaccinesare to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestockin a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. Several vaccine types can de distinguished among the second-generation veterinary vaccines, depending whether they are live or inactivated, according to the strain of rabies virus used and the characteristics of the cell substrate chosen for viral replication. More recently a third generation of live veterinary rabies vaccine has been developed using recombinant technology. Depending upon the expression system these vaccines are used either parenterally or orally.Oral rabies vaccinesare widely used in foxes in Europe and in racoons in the USA.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

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Vaccines Conferences | Immunology Conferences | World ...

Biochemistry

First Class Chemistry Tutor resume in Lagos, Nigeria – August …

KOLAWOLE OMOWUNMI OLUFEMI

* ******* ******* ********, ******* village, Lagos State.

07066012601, 07056558446

acwba5@r.postjobfree.com

OBJECTIVE:

A versatile, analytical Scientist/Tutor with a strong passion for excellence, working with existing staff and facilities at my disposal to achieve organizational goals and objectives.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Sex: Male

Date of Birth: 20th June, 1989

State of Origin: Ogun

Marital Status: Single

Nationality: Nigerian

EDUCATIONAL PROFILE

In view Postgraduate Diploma in Education

National Open University, Lagos

2014-2015 Master of Science (MSc.) Biochemistry (DISTINCTION)

University of Lagos, Lagos

2008 2012: Bsc. Biochemistry (FIRST CLASS)

Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION

Member of Nigerian society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2015

Health Safety and Environment Level 2 2013

(Nigeria Institute of Safety Professionals)

CERTIFICATES OF HONOUR

Senate Annual Prize for First Class Honors Graduating students 2012

Prof. Ishola Adamson Prize for Best Graduating Student in Department 2012

of Biochemistry with a minimum CGPA of 4.00

Late Dr (Mrs) Apampa Prize for Best Graduating Student in Department 2012

of Biochemistry

NYSC/NDLEA Drug Free Club 2013

PERSONAL SKILLS

A good administrator/team leader

High level of Optimism and Enthusiasm

Strong verbal and written communication skills

Physical and mental alertness

Use of initiative, self-motivated and target oriented

Proficient in the use of computer software packages

WORK EXPERIENCE

Aladura Comprehensive High School, Anthony vilage, Lagos - 2014 till date

(Chemistry Teacher/HOD Science/Male Boarding Housemaster)

General Hospital, Oguta, Imo State

(NYSC primary Assignment as Laboratory Scientist) - 2012 2013

NIDOT Coaching centre, Ijebu Ode

(Biology/Chemistry Teacher) - 2012

Standard Medical Diagnostic Centre, Ijebu- Ode

(Industrial Attachment) - 2011

HOBBIES

Surfing the internet for updates, sports, scrabble, reading.

REFEREES

Prof. SumonuTaofiq

Professor

Department of Biochemistry, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara state.

08033939464

acwba5@r.postjobfree.com

Dr Adeniyi Ibidola

Supervisor Medical Services,

Mobil House Clinic, Victoria Island, Lagos State.

08023093604

acwba5@r.postjobfree.com

Prof. Magbagbeola Olubunmi

Professor/Head of Department

Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

08034378974

acwba5@r.postjobfree.com

Contact this candidate

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First Class Chemistry Tutor resume in Lagos, Nigeria - August ...

Physiology

Recent Articles | Physiology | The Scientist Magazine

Most Recent

Running releases an enzyme that is associated with memory function in mice and humans.

3 Comments

By Chris Tachibana | February 1, 2016

Is the public dissection of zoo animals a boon to research and education, a PR nightmare, or both?

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By The Scientist Staff | February 1, 2016

Watch footage from the public dissection of Marius, the young giraffe at the Copenhagen Zoo who was ultimately fed to predators at the facility. (CAUTION: GRAPHIC IMAGES)

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By Bob Grant | January 25, 2016

Researchers confirm the unprecedented endothermic abilities of a South American reptile.

1 Comment

By Kerry Grens | November 16, 2015

In mice lacking intestinal microbiota, white fat turns brown and obesity is prevented.

2 Comments

By Kerry Grens | November 5, 2015

Scientists describe molecular underpinnings of salmon size and of fishes ability to navigate murky environments in separate studies.

0 Comments

By Tracy Vence | November 1, 2015

The accumulation of fat within skeletal muscle, as happens with obesity, diminishes muscle performance.

0 Comments

The latest analysis on GDF11, a proposed antiaging protein, blames discrepancies in the literature on misreported doses and misinterpretation.

1 Comment

Researchers derive trophoblast stem cells from mouse fibroblasts, paving the way for cell therapy for placental dysfunction diseases.

0 Comments

By Kerry Grens | October 8, 2015

Scientists know how to turn on these fat-combusting cells. Can these energy burners be used to combat obesity?

6 Comments

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Recent Articles | Physiology | The Scientist Magazine

Physiology

Physiology – Superpower Wiki – Wikia

Sorting type: Most visited

Powers that deal with at least partial physical transformation to a specific substance, being, species, etc.

Vampire Physiology

Werewolf Physiology

Shapeshifting

Transcendent Physiology

Supernatural Condition

Dragon Physiology

Angel Physiology

Mythic Physiology

Demon Physiology

Absolute Condition

Greek Deity Physiology

Kitsune Physiology

Ghost Physiology

Anti-God

Succubus Physiology

Wendigo Physiology

Forms

Organic Mimicry

Youkai Physiology

Reptilian Mimicry

DeathReaperX/Xena

DeathReaperX/Darkness

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Physiology - Superpower Wiki - Wikia

Neuroscience

Neuroscience – Loras College

L.NEU-145: Introductory Neuroscience This course will introduce students to the fundamental topics and concepts that are critical to understanding the biological and psychological components of Neuroscience. Topics to be covered include the biochemistry of action potentials, the functioning of ion channels, a brief overview of systems neuroscience (vision, audition, etc.), neurotransmitters and peripheral endocrine systems, learning and memory, the effects of neurotransmitters on behavior, the biology underlying several psychiatric disorders, and basic neuroanatomy. Prerequisites: L.BIO-115 or L.PSY-101. 3 credits.

L.NEU-211: Techniques in Neuroendocrinology This course will introduce students to techniques relevant to the field of neuroendocrinology, both in terms of the theory that describes the techniques and in terms of practicing the techniques with biological samples. Students will read and discuss primary literature sources from work with both human and non-human models. Extensive laboratory work will teach students laboratory techniques including sterile technique, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay. Part of the term will be spent at the University of Nebraska, Omaha (UNO). 3 credits. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145. Instructor permission required. January term.

L.NEU-281: Exploring the Brain through TBI It is difficult to fully understand how the brain functions under completely normal working conditions. One technique used to investigate brain functioning through clinical cases where there has been trauma in a specified region of the brain. Thus, in people with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) neuroscientists can locate the region of trauma and any change in functioning of the individual. This course is designed to explore the brain through various historical cases and provide a deeper understanding of neuro-functioning from resulting deficits in dissociated brain regions. Clinical cases will be provided as we travel from the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and beyond. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145 or L.BIO-345. 3 credits.

L.NEU-301: Neuropsychiatric Diseases This course will explore how translational research applies neuroscience knowledge to inform, prevent, treat, and cure brain diseases. Some topics will include the role of the blood brain barrier in preventing disease, the role of both central and peripheral cytokines in the manifestation of psychiatric disorders, how genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility to psychiatric conditions, and several psychiatric conditions including Parkinsons, Huntingtons, and Alzheimers Diseases, anxious and depressive disorders, and multiple sclerosis.Prerequisites: L.NEU-145 and L.BIO-115. 3 credits.

L.NEU-311: Hormones and Behavior This course will introduce students to several topics within the field of neuroendocrinology. Topics to be discussed will include the blood brain barrier, synthesis and release of neurotransmitters relevant to behavior, psychosomatic interactions, and the effects of various monoamine, peptide, and steroid hormones on sexual, reproductive, affiliative, aggressive, parental, and reward-seeking behaviors. In addition to readings from the text, students will read and discuss primary literature sources from work with both human and non-human models. Laboratory work will teach students several research skills and laboratory techniques including study design, behavioral observation and scoring, blood sampling, processing and storage, and data set management. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145. 3 credits.

L.NEU-390: Research Experience This experiential class will require students to either 1) propose a novel neuroscience research study or 2) conduct neuroscience research and write up a report of their findings. Students will meet weekly with the course instructor and students may take this course up to 3 times (with 1 credit given each semester). This course will give students a clear understanding of the scientific method and skills needed to conduct research in the field of neuroscience from conception to implementation to presentation. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145. Open to declared Neuroscience majors only. Instructor permission required. 1 credit.

L.NEU-490: Senior Seminar I This course will serve as the first semester of a capstone series for all students completing a major in Neuroscience. The course will meet once per week, and majors will enroll in the course during the fall semester of their Senior year at Loras College (exceptions (e.g. for study abroad programs, etc.) will be made at the discretion of the Neuroscience faculty). Restricted to senior Neuroscience majors only. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145. 1 credit.

L.NEU-491: Senior Seminar II This course will serve as the second semester of a capstone series for all students completing a major in Neuroscience. The course meetings will occur once per week, and majors will enroll in the course during the spring semester of their Senior year at Loras College (exceptions (e.g. for study abroad programs, etc.) will be made at the discretion of the Neuroscience faculty). Restricted to senior Neuroscience majors only. Prerequisite: L.NEU-145. 1 credit.

RELATED COURSES: Biology, Chemistry, Criminal Justice, Psychology, Social Work

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Neuroscience - Loras College

Anatomy

Human body – Wikipedia

The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and viability of human body.

It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet.

The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and by artists to assist them in their work.

The human body is composed of elements including hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, calcium and phosphorus.[1] These elements reside in trillions of cells and non-cellular components of the body.

The adult male body is about 60% water for a total water content of some 42 litres. This is made up of about 19 litres of extracellular fluid including about 3.2 litres of blood plasma and about 8.4 litres of interstitial fluid, and about 23 litres of fluid inside cells.[2] The content, acidity and composition of the water inside and outside of cells is carefully maintained. The main electrolytes in body water outside of cells are sodium and chloride, whereas within cells it is potassium and other phosphates.

The body contains trillions of cells, the fundamental unit of life.[4] At maturity, there are roughly 37.2 trillion cells in the body, an estimate arrived at by totalling the cell numbers of all the organs of the body and cell types.[5] The body also plays the role of host to trillions of cells which reside in the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin.[citation needed] Not all parts of the body are made from cells. Cells sit in an extracellular matrix that consists of proteins such as collagen, surrounded by extracellular fluids.

Cells in the body function because of DNA. DNA sits within the nucleus of a cell. Here, parts of DNA are copied and sent to the body of the cell via RNA. DNA is used to create proteins which form the basis for cells, their activity, and their products. Not all cells have DNA - some cells such as mature red blood cells lose their nucleus as they mature.

The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act with a specialised function.[7] The study of tissues is called histology and often occurs with a microscope. The body consists of four main types of tissues - lining cells (epithelia), connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue.

Cells that lie on surfaces exposed to the outside world or gastrointestinal tract (epithelia) or internal cavities (endothelium) come in numerous shapes and forms - from single layers of flat cells, to cells with small beating hair-like cilia in the lungs, to column-like cells that line the stomach. Endothelial cells are cells that line internal cavities including blood vessels and glands. Lining cells regulate what can and can't pass through them, protect internal structures, and function as sensory surfaces.

Organs, structured collections of cells with a specific function,[9] sit within the body. Examples include the heart, lungs and liver. Many organs reside within cavities within the body. These cavities include the abdomen and pleura.

The circulatory system comprises the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The heart propels the circulation of the blood, which serves as a "transportation system" to transfer oxygen, fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells, and signalling molecules (i.e., hormones) from one part of the body to another. The blood consists of fluid that carries cells in the circulation, including some that move from tissue to blood vessels and back, as well as the spleen and bone marrow.[10][11][12]

The digestive system consists of the mouth including the tongue and teeth, esophagus, stomach, (gastrointestinal tract, small and large intestines, and rectum), as well as the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands. It converts food into small, nutritional, non-toxic molecules for distribution and absorption into the body.[13]

The endocrine system consists of the principal endocrine glands: the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, parathyroids, and gonads, but nearly all organs and tissues produce specific endocrine hormones as well. The endocrine hormones serve as signals from one body system to another regarding an enormous array of conditions, and resulting in variety of changes of function.[14]

The immune system consists of the white blood cells, the thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, which are also part of the lymphatic system. The immune system provides a mechanism for the body to distinguish its own cells and tissues from outside cells and substances and to neutralize or destroy the latter by using specialized proteins such as antibodies, cytokines, and toll-like receptors, among many others.[15]

The integumentary system consists of the covering of the body (the skin), including hair and nails as well as other functionally important structures such as the sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The skin provides containment, structure, and protection for other organs, and serves as a major sensory interface with the outside world.[16][17]

The lymphatic system extracts, transports and metabolizes lymph, the fluid found in between cells. The lymphatic system is similar to the circulatory system in terms of both its structure and its most basic function, to carry a body fluid.[18]

The musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton (which includes bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage) and attached muscles. It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement. In addition to their structural role, the larger bones in the body contain bone marrow, the site of production of blood cells. Also, all bones are major storage sites for calcium and phosphate. This system can be split up into the muscular system and the skeletal system.[19]

The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the organ of thought, emotion, memory, and sensory processing, and serves many aspects of communication and controls various systems and functions. The special senses consist of vision, hearing, taste, and smell. The eyes, ears, tongue, and nose gather information about the body's environment.[20]

The reproductive system consists of the gonads and the internal and external sex organs. The reproductive system produces gametes in each sex, a mechanism for their combination, and in the female a nurturing environment for the first 9 months of development of the infant.[21]

The respiratory system consists of the nose, nasopharynx, trachea, and lungs. It brings oxygen from the air and excretes carbon dioxide and water back into the air.[22]

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It removes toxic materials from the blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body.[23]

Anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a collection of nerve fibres connecting the brain to the rest of the body. Nerves connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. All major bones, muscles and nerves in the body are named, with the exception of anatomical variations such as sesamoid bones and accessory muscles.

Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the heart. Venules and veins collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which drain blood into the right side of the heart. From here, the blood is pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen, and drains back into the left side of the heart. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest artery, the aorta, and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. Here blood passes from small arteries into capillaries, then small veins and the process begins again. Blood carries oxygen, waste products, and hormones from one place in the body to another. Blood is filtered at the kidneys and liver.

The body consists of a number of different cavities, separated areas which house different organ systems. The brain and central nervous system reside in an area protected from the rest of the body by the blood brain barrier. The lungs sit in the pleural cavity. The intestines, liver and spleen sit in the abdominal cavity

Height, weight, shape and other body proportions vary individually and with age and gender. Body shape is influenced by the distribution of muscle and fat tissue.[24]

Human physiology is the study of how the human body functions. This includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, from organs to the cells of which they are composed. The human body consists of many interacting systems of organs. These interact to maintain homeostasis, keeping the body in a stable state with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood.[25]

Each system contributes to homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. Some combined systems are referred to by joint names. For example, the nervous system and the endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system. The nervous system receives information from the body, and transmits this to the brain via nerve impulses and neurotransmitters. At the same time, the endocrine system releases hormones, such as to help regulate blood pressure and volume. Together, these systems regulate the internal environment of the body, maintaining blood flow, posture, energy supply, temperature, and acid balance (pH).[25]

Health is a difficult state to define, but relates to the self-defined perception of an individual and includes physical, mental, social and cultural factors.[citation needed] The absence or deficit of health is illness which includes disease and injury. Diseases cause symptoms felt, seen or perceived by a person, and signs which may be visible on a medical examination. Illnesses may be from birth (congenital) or arise later in life (acquired). Acquired diseases may be contagious, caused or provoked by lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol use and diet, arise as the result of injury or trauma, or have a number of different mechanisms or provoking factors. As life expectancy increases, many forms of cancer are becoming more common. Cancer refers to the uncontrolled proliferation of one or more cell types and occurs more commonly in some tissue types than others. Some forms of cancer have strong or known risk factors, whereas others may arise spontaneously.

Health professionals learn about the human body from illustrations, models, and demonstrations. Medical and dental students in addition gain practical experience, for example by dissection of cadavers. Human anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry are basic medical sciences, generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school.[26][27][28]

Anatomy has served the visual arts since Ancient Greek times, when the 5th century BC sculptor Polykleitos wrote his Canon on the ideal proportions of the male nude.[29] In the Italian Renaissance, artists from Piero della Francesca (c. 14151492) onwards, including Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) and his collaborator Luca Pacioli (c. 14471517), learnt and wrote about the rules of art, including visual perspective and the proportions of the human body.[30]

In Ancient Greece, the Hippocratic Corpus described the anatomy of the skeleton and muscles.[31] The 2nd century physician Galen of Pergamum compiled classical knowledge of anatomy into a text that was used throughout the Middle Ages.[32] In the Renaissance, Andreas Vesalius (15141564) pioneered the modern study of human anatomy by dissection, writing the influential book De humani corporis fabrica.[33][34] Anatomy advanced further with the invention of the microscope and the study of the cellular structure of tissues and organs.[35] Modern anatomy uses techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, fluoroscopy and ultrasound imaging to study the body in unprecedented detail.[36]

The study of human physiology began with Hippocrates in Ancient Greece, around 420 BC,[37] and with Aristotle (384322 BC) who applied critical thinking and emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Galen (c. 126199) was the first to use experiments to probe the body's functions.[38][39] The term physiology was introduced by the French physician Jean Fernel (14971558).[40] In the 17th century, William Harvey (15781657) described the circulatory system, pioneering the combination of close observation with careful experiment.[41] In the 19th century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate with the cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1838, that organisms are made up of cells.[40]Claude Bernard (18131878) created the concept of the milieu interieur (internal environment), which Walter Cannon (18711945) later said was regulated to a steady state in homeostasis.[37] In the 20th century, the physiologists Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew extended their studies to comparative physiology and ecophysiology.[42] Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline.[43]

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Human body - Wikipedia

Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience

This confocal image shows a cortical region of a Somatostatin-Cre+/; Floxopatch+/ mouse. Somatostatin antibody (red) colocalizes with Floxopatch GFP expression (green), indicating a tight Cre-loxP system in this conditional mouse line. The recordings show optically induced action potentials from in vitro cultured dorsal root ganglia with voltage sensor QuasAr2 (red trace) and whole-cell patch clamp (white trace). The close correlation of the two traces indicates the high fidelity of the voltagesensitive fluorescence protein and the voltage activities. Cover image produced by Shan Lou. For more information, see the article by Lou et al. (pages 1105911073).

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Journal of Neuroscience

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Program | College of Arts & Sciences

The University of Tennessee Interdisciplinary Program for Neuroscience brings together Neuroscience research and education from all corners of the campus. It includes faculty from the Colleges of Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Nursing, Veterinary Medicine; the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology; and the Graduate School of Medicine/UT Medical Center. This diversity of backgrounds and research perspectives within the program reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Neuroscience itself. To learn more about the resources, research capabilities, and clinical expertise available in the area, please visit the NeuroNET (Neuroscience Network of East Tennessee) website.

Building on the existing curricula in biology, psychology and engineering, this program provides a strong foundation in the neurosciences that emphasizes hands-on research training. Beyond the core classes, students can choose from a diverse array of more specialized courses that focus on a variety of basic, clinical and applied Neuroscience topics. Thus, students have the opportunity to tailor their Neuroscience degree to best suit their career goals, whether they include entering a graduate program or a health profession degree program, or getting a job in teaching or working in a research setting.

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Neuroscience Program | College of Arts & Sciences

Neuroscience

Home | neuroscience | Virginia Tech

The Neuroscience program at Virginia Tech takes a very broad view of Neuroscience considering any interactions that are directed or perceived by the nervous system as Neuroscience. For example, any expression of artistry is generated and perceived by brain circuits, as are emotions, motivation, empathy, passion and compassion. Communications between cells, individual organisms, organismal groups and even societies are governed by brain activity.

Whether a student wishes to pursue Neuroscience research in the future or simply acquire this wealth of knowledge, understanding Neuroscience makes us more competent human beings, and provides us skills to be applied to a multitude of careers in art, music, architecture, urban and community planning, law, finance, policy, politics, health care and many other professions.

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Home | neuroscience | Virginia Tech

Neuroscience

Graduate Program in Neuroscience

The study of neuroscience is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of human endeavor.

Yeatman Lab

The goal of the Graduate Program in Neuroscience is to produce the best neuroscientists possible. The breadth of our faculty allows us to provide interdisciplinary training drawing from a variety of topics, techniques and perspectives, including neuroanatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, biophysics, pharmacology, in vivo brain imaging (e.g., fMRI, M-EEG), computational modeling and behavior. Agraduate of our program will be well versed in the neurosciences, prepared to conduct independent research, and equipped to pursue a variety of career paths.

Palmiter Lab

140+ faculty members of the University of Washington provide outstanding graduate training in all areas of modern neuroscience. Our students perform cutting-edge research, at a leading research university, in one of the most famously livable American cities.

What does it mean that we are a Program and not a department? It means that we draw faculty from departments across campus and from affiliated institutes across Seattle to train our students. Students in our program are often considered to be de facto members of the department in which their faculty mentors have a primary appointment, but their diplomas show that their PhD degree is in Neuroscience. Our faculty and students are bound together by a common commitment to graduate education in Neuroscience, and we all benefit from the synergy of our diverse approaches to understanding the brain.

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Graduate Program in Neuroscience