Human Behavior

Super Bowl 2020: Football concussions: The link between head injuries and CTE, explained – Vox.com

Football isnt just a contact sport its a dangerous game of massive bodies colliding into one another. And while it may seem obvious that this sport can do extraordinary damage to brains and bodies, its taken far too long for the NFL, the medical community, and football fans to fully reckon with this.

Doctors have learned a tremendous amount about concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, a degenerative brain condition believed to be caused by repeated hits to the head, since the first former NFL player was diagnosed with CTE in the early 2000s. Concern around the issue has only grown now that more than 100 former NFL players have received a postmortem diagnosis of CTE, and new research is finding that youth football may be a risk factor for CTE down the line.

Football is still an immensely popular sport in the United States, and this weekend, millions will watch and enjoy the Super Bowl. But all the evidence we now have about the very serious risk of brain injuries casts a dim light on the future of the sport. Heres what you need to know.

The human brain the most complicated and powerful organ on planet Earth is squishy. And when a person hits their head hard, the brain can bounce around and twist in the skull. Its this rapid motion of the brain inside the skull that creates the traumatic brain injury known as a concussion.

During impact, individual neurons can be stretched and damaged. Brain chemistry gets out of whack. Concussions make people see stars, become disoriented, lose consciousness, become sensitive to light and sound, get headaches, and have sluggish or confused thoughts for weeks and even months.

Heads and bodies get smashed and shuddered every week during the football season. And despite changing the rules to allow for more severe penalties and fines for flagrant helmet-to-helmet hits, the NFL has not succeeded so far in preventing concussions.

The number of concussions sustained during practice and gameplay in 2018 fell somewhat, from a total of 281 in 2017 to a total of 214 in 2018, according to the NFLs injury data. And then increased again to a total of 224 in 2019.

This data doesnt cover the countless additional blows to the head that dont reach the level of concussion but still may pose a risk for the brain.

CTE is not about single concussions. Its the result of repeated concussions and even head impacts that are not quite as severe which can result in lasting structural changes in the brain. The pain you feel [after a hit] is not necessarily an indicator of the damage that does to your head, Philip Bayly, an engineering professor at Washington University in Saint Louis, who has been studying the mechanics of brain movement inside the head, said in a 2019 interview.

Specifically, brains with CTE accumulate a protein called tau (which is believed to be dislodged from brain fibers during an injury). Tau clumps together in the tissues of the brain, interrupting critical information flow.

The mechanisms of how this all happens still arent well understood. The challenge is nobody sees what happens to the brain when someone gets a concussion, Bayly said. One hypothesis is that the sulci the grooves on the surface of the brain experience high mechanical stress during an injury and burst open pockets of tau. (In autopsies, these clumps of tau are often found near the blood vessels at the bottom of sulci.)

The disease isnt exactly new. A form of it was originally discovered among boxers in the 1920 (who, like football players, sustain regular hits to the head). Then, it was called dementia pugilistica, or punch-drunk syndrome. Currently the only way to definitively diagnose CTE is through an autopsy. In 2005, researchers published the first confirmed case of CTE in an NFL player. The results of that report contained ominous statistics to suggest CTE might be frighteningly prevalent among players:

There are approximately 0.41 concussions per NFL game of American football: 67.7% of concussions involve impact by another players helmet, 20.9% involve impact by other body regions (e.g., a knee), and 11.4% involve impact on the ground (29, 31, 32, 40). It has been reported that 9.3% of the concussions involved loss of consciousness and 2.4% of the concussions resulted in hospitalization. Most (92%) of the players who sustain a concussion return to practice in less than 7 days; fewer (69%) of the players who experience loss of consciousness return to practice in less than 7 days.

And since then, evidence has only mounted that the repeated head blows in the NFL contribute to the disease.

In 2017, Aaron Hernandez, a former player for the New England Patriots, hanged himself in prison while serving time for a violent murder. Upon an autopsy, doctors diagnosed him with CTE. It was the most severe case ever seen in a person his age (27 years old).

The symptoms of CTE creep slowly, taking 8 to 10 years to manifest after initial repeated brain traumas, and can grow worse over decades. Heres a diagram of whats happening inside the brain as CTE grows more and more severe.

These images are from a 2013 study in the journal Brain, which assessed 85 brains donated from former athletes, veterans, and people with a history of brain injury. The brown stains represent the dangerous tau proteins. What starts off as areas of the brain pockmarked with tau spreads to surround whole brain structures.

In stage I, symptoms are subtle: headaches, short-term memory loss, and loss of attention. By stage IV, most subjects also showed profound loss of attention and concentration, executive dysfunction, language difficulties, explosively, aggressive tendencies, paranoia, depression, gait and visuospatial difficulties, the paper explains.

CTE can only be conclusively diagnosed in autopsy (though progress is being made in diagnosing via MRI). So its hard to say how many current and former football players have the condition. What we do know is that there are dozens of cases of confirmed CTE enough to be alarming.

In 2017, JAMA published a major and disturbing finding. Researchers had collected the autopsied brains of 202 former football players who had donated their brains to science, or had them donated via their next of kin. The players included those who had played in the NFL, but also those who only played through college, and a few who had only played in high school.

Of the 202 brains, 177, or nearly 90 percent, were diagnosed with CTE. And there was a pattern: Those who had played football longer were more likely to have worse brain damage. Among the former NFL players in the sample, 99 percent had CTE. This suggests the effects of brain trauma on CTE are cumulative. The more trauma over a longer period, the worse the symptoms.

This is not to say that 99 percent of NFL players will develop CTE (the brains were donated and are not a representative sample). But it does show that football players are, indeed, at risk.

As Ann McKee, the Boston University neuropathologist who is the leading expert in CTE, told PBS Frontline in 2013, People think that were blowing this out of proportion, that this is a very rare disease and that were sensationalizing it. My response is that where I sit, this is a very real disease. We have had no problem identifying it in hundreds of players.

And to note: Football is not the only sport that poses the risk of head injury. Theres growing concern about CTE in hockey players, as well as abroad; players of Australian rules football have also complained about cognitive problems after retirement.

One of the biggest consequences of the concussion research is that fewer young people are participating in the sport. In a 2018 documentary, retired star quarterback Brett Favre said hed prefer that his grandsons play golf over football. Celebrities like former President Barack Obama have said they wouldnt let their sons play football.

National trends reflect the unease. The number of high school students playing football dropped by 30,829 between the 2017-2018 and the 2018-2019 school years, continuing a downward trend. In 2008, 1.11 million high school students played football. Now, its 1.006 million the lowest number since the 1999-2000 school year, the National Federation of High Schools reports. That said, football is still the most popular sport for high school males.

(Theres some data to suggest that drop in participation is led by white students. Black kids in lower-income communities without a lot of other sports available are still flocking to football, the Atlantics Alana Semuels reports.)

Parents have reason to be concerned about young kids playing the sport.

A 2015 study found that former NFL players who began football before age 12 fared worse on cognitive assessments than those who started later in their teens. And this held true even controlling for number of years played.

It suggests (though not conclusively) that playing football at ages younger than 12 is more dangerous for long-term cognitive decline than starting at an older age. The results of this study suggest that sustaining repeated head injuries during critical periods of brain maturation could alter neurodevelopmental trajectories, leading to later-life cognitive impairment, the study concluded.

More recently, a study on the brains of deceased football players also found a link between early play and CTE. Athletes who began playing tackle football before age 12 developed the cognitive and behavior symptoms of CTE 13 years earlier on average than those who started playing later in their teenage years.

Every one year younger that participants began to play football resulted in earlier reported onset of cognitive and behavioral [and] mood symptoms by approximately 2.5 years, the study concluded. However, the study did not find an increased amount of physical abnormalities in the brains of athletes who began playing earlier than age 12. Scientists are still working to figure out the exact relationship between physical brain damage and the start of symptoms and are recognizing that behavior symptoms can occur without detectable physical changes.

Regardless, brain changes are a concern for younger football players. Yet another study found evidence to suggest that college football experience can lead to a decrease in the volume of the hippocampus a critical region for memory compared to people who never played college football.

There are many uncertainties left in the research. Another study recently found that participation in tackle football before 12 years of age did not result in any cognitive deficits while in college. So its not the case that playing football early will necessarily lead to impairments in early adulthood. And a study of 3,000-plus Wisconsin men who had played high school football in the 1950s found no elevated rates of cognitive impairment. This shows not everyone who plays football as a teen suffers consequences, and researchers still need to better understand how much exposure to football tackles is too much.

The NFL didnt acknowledge the concussion problem until 2009; for years, the NFL had downplayed and denied the links between concussions and cognitive decline. (Frontline has a fantastic documentary about how the league turned a blind eye to the problem for years.) And these days, the league is donating millions to concussion-related research.

But there has been significant friction with the scientific community over the issue. In July 2018, the NFL and the National Institutes of Health ended a $30 million partnership with half the money left unspent. According to ESPN, the NFL backed out of a major study that had been awarded to a researcher who had been critical of the league, which precipitated the ending of the partnership.

The league has also made some steps to make the game a bit safer. (Read SB Nation for a full explainer on the NFLs concussion protocols.) Players are immediately removed from the field when theres a potential concussion. If diagnosed, they can only return to play after completing a five-step protocol, which includes an unspecified period of rest, followed up by supervised exercise, and then examinations not just with the team doctor but also with an independent neurological consultant. Critics, however, have charged that these protocols have been enforced unevenly across teams and players.

Furthermore, the NFL has banned helmet-to-helmet hits, made kickoff plays slightly safer, and limited the amount of contact allowed in practices. Its also looking into artificial playing surfaces to soften the blow of impacts.

Theres still a lot of research to be done. Scientists are trying to better model what happens inside the brain when the skull is hit. Just providing good data is a research priority, Bayly says. So people can build better simulations, and if people can build better simulations, they can design better helmets.

But even with better helmets, football might not ever be a perfectly safe sport for brain health. As long as football is a sport where human-to-human collisions are fundamental to play, its going to be a dangerous game.

Continue reading here:
Super Bowl 2020: Football concussions: The link between head injuries and CTE, explained - Vox.com

Biochemistry

Weekend eating linked to higher BMI – Medical News Today

A new study adds to the evidence that maintaining a regular eating schedule is key for preventing obesity.

For many, the end of the workweek brings a welcome respite from the rigid scheduling of workdays.

It offers a taste of freedom: a few days of a more fluid schedule or no schedule at all.

A new study, however, finds that a more improvised weekend eating schedule may link to an increase in body mass index (BMI).

The studys authors refer to peoples weekend diversions from their regular eating schedule as eating jet lag, which they suggest may be as physiologically disruptive as the body confusion that can occur when traversing time zones.

The cross-sectional study is part of the doctoral thesis of first author Mara Fernanda Zern Rugerio of the University of Barcelona (UB) in Spain.

The paper, which other UB researchers co-authored, appears in the journal Nutrients.

The authors analyzed data from 1,106 undergraduate and postgraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 years who reported their weekend eating schedules during the school year.

The study ran from 2017 to 2019. Each participant also self-reported their height and weight the two measurements that make up BMI.

The studys authors believe that this is the first study to focus on the effect on obesity of changes in meal timing between weekdays and weekends.

From the students responses, researchers were able to determine the cohorts average meal duration during the week and on the weekends, as well as the eating midpoint halfway between the first and last meal of the day for both weekdays and weekends.

To calculate an individuals overall eating jet lag value, they used a simple formula: eating midpoint on weekends minus eating midpoint on weekdays.

From there, the researchers accounted for other influences that could affect BMI, including diet quality, sleep duration, gender, and chronotype.

The authors found that those with an overall eating jet lag of 3.5 hours or more had higher BMI values.

They used the same formula to calculate the separate eating jet lags for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

Not surprisingly, given the opportunity to sleep in at the weekend, the meal that exhibited the greatest amount of jet lag was breakfast.

The study showed that 64% of participants experienced more than an hour of breakfast-eating jet lag each weekend, with this duration exceeding 2 hours for 22% of these individuals.

The researchers did not detect any correlation between the eating jet lag for a particular meal and a higher BMI.

Eating jet lag may stem from the same sort of conflict between a bodys circadian rhythm and unusual activity as other forms of jet lag the sleep disruption that travelers experience and social jet lag resulting from unusual weekend sleeping schedules.

As the study authors put it, The circadian system is comprised by a master clock and a network of peripheral clocks, all of which are organized in a hierarchical manner.

One of the study authors, Trinitat Cambras of UBs Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, explains further: Our biological clock is like a machine and is ready to unchain the same physiological and metabolic response at the same time of the day, every day of the week.

Fixed eating and sleep schedules help the body to be organized and promote energy homeostasis.

Lead author Maria Izquierdo Pulido of UBs Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety ties the biological clock to the way in which the body processes food:

As a result, when intake takes place regularly, the circadian clock ensures that the bodys metabolic pathways act to assimilate nutrients. However, when food is taken at an unusual hour, nutrients can act on the molecular machinery of peripheral clocks (outside the brain), altering the schedule and thus, modifying the bodys metabolic functions.

Maria Izquierdo Pulido

There is still a need for more research regarding the link between eating jet lag and BMI.

Still, points out Izquierdo Pulido, it is already known that maintaining a regular schedule has benefits. Scientists may now add combatting eating jet lag to these.

She says, Apart from diet and physical exercise, which are two pillars regarding obesity, another factor to be considered is regular eating schedules, since we proved it has an impact on our body weight.

See the article here:
Weekend eating linked to higher BMI - Medical News Today

Neuroscience

Can’t Sleep or Think Clearly? Maybe the Culprit is Bacteria – UMass News and Media Relations

AMHERST, Mass. With a $1 million grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation, neuroscience researchers at Washington State University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst will explore whether variations in brain levels of bacterial fragments can account for lifes sleep/wake and 24-hour cycles, known as circadian rhythms.

The bacteria residing inside of you outnumber your own cells 10 to one and affect sleep, cognition, mood, brain temperature, appetite and many additional brain functions. Yet we lack an understanding of how they do it, says James Krueger, Regents Professor of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience at the WSU College of Veterinary Medicine.

The sleep research is led by Krueger, and the circadian rhythm portion of the project is led by co-investigator Ilia Karatsoreos, who recently joined UMass Amherst from WSU as an associate professor of psychological and brain sciences.

At Karatsoreos Lab, researchers will use models of simulated jet lag, a way to disrupt our circadian (daily) rhythms. As anyone who has flown cross-country has likely experienced firsthand, disrupting these rhythms is associated with changes in sleep, cognition and even body temperature.

When jetlagged, many of the normal bodily functions are out of synchrony with each other. This is a consequence of altering circadian rhythms, Karatsoreos says. By looking for changes of bacterial products in the brain, we anticipate we will discover new approaches to treat jet lag, and possibly the desynchrony of physiological functions that occurs with old age.

The new grant builds on nearly 40 years of cutting-edge sleep research. In the early 1980s, Krueger isolated a sleep-promoting molecule from brains of sleep-deprived rabbits and from human urine. Its chemical structure was a muramyl peptide a building block component of bacterial cell walls.

At the time of the discovery, it was difficult to measure small amounts of muramyl peptides. Now, improved measurement technologies and the Keck Foundation funding will enable researchers to determine the brains muramyl peptide levels and whether they correlate with sleep-wake cycles or circadian rhythms.

Further, researchers will determine if sleep loss results in increased levels of muramyl peptides in the brain, a predicted result based on the 1980s investigations.

Another goal of the Keck-funded work will be to determine how brain muramyl peptides elicit sleep. Our minds are an outcome of a bacteria/human symbiosis, Krueger said. Expanding this concept by determination of how such disparate species talk to each other will transform our views of cognition, psychiatric disorders, consciousness including sleep, and our understanding of what it means to be human.

The late W. M. Keck, founder of the Superior Oil Company, established The W. M. Keck Foundation in 1954.The Foundations grant making is focused primarily on pioneering efforts in the areas of medical research, science and engineering, and undergraduate education.

Follow this link:
Can't Sleep or Think Clearly? Maybe the Culprit is Bacteria - UMass News and Media Relations

Neuroscience

New Investigation into Abnormal Neuron Activity in Rett Syndrome – Technology Networks

The brain undergoes dramatic change during the first years of life. Its circuits readily rewire as an infant and then child encounters new sights and sounds, taking in the world and learning to understand it. As the child matures and key developmental periods pass, the brain becomes less malleable--but certain experiences create opportunities for parts of the adult brain to rewire and learn again.

New research by Billy Lau, a postdoctoral researcher working with Assistant Professor Keerthi Krishnan in the Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology in the University of Tennessee, Knoxville's College of Arts and Sciences, examines the time during which an adult female mouse first learns to recognize and respond to the distress cries of young mouse pups as one such opportunity for rewiring.

The findings were published earlier this month in the Journal of Neuroscience and hint at potential therapeutic strategies for Rett syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder.

Krishnan's lab researches how mutated genes affect brain plasticity, ultimately leading to neurological diseases, specifically Rett syndrome. In humans, mutations in the gene MECP2 cause Rett syndrome. Children with Rett syndrome appear to develop normally for the first several months of life but later begin to lose language and motor skills.

"Children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders eventually grow up and continue to exhibit symptoms throughout life," Krishnan said. "Though much research is focused on identifying and diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders, much work needs to be done to help improve or manage symptoms for patients throughout their life. Rett syndrome mainly affects girls and women worldwide; very few studies focus on pathology of the disorder in adult women."

For several years, Lau and Krishnan have been conducting research with a team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory headed by Stephen Shea and Josh Huang. In their previous work, the team discovered that female mice lacking one functional copy of Mecp2 failed to respond to the distress cries of their young. The scientists honed in on the abnormal behavior of a group of neurons in the auditory cortex called parvalbumin (PV) neurons together with higher protein expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs), structures that improve connections within the brain.

"PVs and PNNs are thought to be inhibitory, acting as a brake in the brain that prevents learning," Lau said. "In the new study, we tested this hypothesis. Our findings reveal a physiological mechanism underlying the progression of Rett syndrome that may extend to other brain regions."

In the new study, Lau and the other members of the team took a closer look at how exposure to the young pups changes signaling within the auditory cortex of female mice. By monitoring the activity of individual cells in this part of the brain, the researchers found that when Mecp2 is intact, the dampening effect of PNNs and PV neurons decreases following exposure to the pups. This allows other neurons in the circuit to become more responsive to the young animals' cries. This change occurred even in mice that had never been pregnant. In female mice whose Mecp2 gene was impaired, however, the dampening signals remained strong.

The findings support previous evidence that the function of PV neurons is particularly vulnerable to the loss of Mecp2, suggesting that these cells or the circuits they are involved in may be appropriate targets for drug development and that patients with Rett syndrome may be most responsive to treatment during certain periods of life in conjunction with their environment and social experience.

"This work has implications in continuing to understand what roles Mecp2 plays in typical brain activity and function, especially in complex social situations, similar to what patients encounter in their daily lives," Krishnan said. "If we understand the mechanisms and roles of this protein in social communication and perception, we will be able to find ways to compensate for lack of this protein through therapeutic or rehabilitative treatments."

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

View post:
New Investigation into Abnormal Neuron Activity in Rett Syndrome - Technology Networks

Neuroscience

Global NEUROSCIENCE ANTIBODIES AND ASSAYS Market , Trends, Analysis, Opportunities, Share and Forecast 2019-2025 – Melanian News

The global neuroscience antibodies and assays market can be categorized based on product type, indication, technology, end-user, and region. On the basis of product type, the market can be divided into consumables and instruments. The consumable segment can be sub-divided into reagents (media & sera, stains & dyes, fixatives, buffers, solvents, probes, enzymes, proteins, and peptides), antibodies (primary antibodies, secondary antibodies, and assay. The instruments segment can be further categorized into microplate readers, immunoassay analyzers, and others.

Based on indication, the global neuroscience antibodies and assays market can be segmented into Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS), prion disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. According to Alzheimers disease International, 46.5 million people were estimated to be suffering from dementia in 2015The increasing automation of high-throughput screening and the availability of robust data management software tools, which enable researchers to develop systemic and process-oriented approaches toward neuroscience antibodies and assays techniques are some of the factors contributing to the growth of this segment.

Global NEUROSCIENCE ANTIBODIES AND ASSAYS Market valued approximately USD 2.1 billion in 2016 is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 10.3% over the forecast period 2019-2025.

To request a sample copy or view summary of this report, click the link below:

https://www.digitsnmarkets.com/sample/5594-global-neuroscience-antibodies-and-assays-market

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming eight years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within each of the regions and countries involved in the study. Furthermore, the report also caters the detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, the report shall also incorporate available opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:

By Product

By Technology

By End User

Some of the key manufacturers involved in the market are. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Bio-Rad, Merck KGAA, Cell Signaling Technology, Genscript, Rockland Immunochemicals. Bio Legend, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Tecan, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Siemens. Acquisitions and effective mergers are some of the strategies adopted by the key manufacturers. New product launches and continuous technological innovations are the key strategies adopted by the major players.

About Digits N Markets:Digits N Markets has a vast repository of latest market research reports on trending topics, niche company profiles, market size and other relevant data released by renowned publishers. We have access to the database related to niche markets and trending topics in various industries. We also update the data regularly to provide recent statistics to the client. Recent data and reports will be featured on our websites and clients will be able to access the same. Our clients will be able to benefit from qualitative & quantitative insights in the report which will support them in taking concrete business decisions.Contact Us :Digits N Markets 410 E Santa Clara Street, Unit #762San Jose, CA 95113Phone :+1 408-622-0123Email: [emailprotected]Website:- http://www.digitsnmarkets.com

View post:
Global NEUROSCIENCE ANTIBODIES AND ASSAYS Market , Trends, Analysis, Opportunities, Share and Forecast 2019-2025 - Melanian News

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Market Emerging Technology, Opportunities, Future Growth to 2026 with Top Key Players- GE Healthcare, NeuroNexus, Siemens Healthineers -…

Neuroscience Market Report Provides Future Development Possibilities By Key Players, Key Drivers, Competitive Analysis, Scope, And Key Challenges Analysis. The Reports Conjointly Elaborate The Expansion Rate Of The Industry Supported The Highest CAGR And Global Analysis. This Neuroscience Market Report Providing An In-Depth And Top To Bottom Analysis By Neuroscience Market Size, Growth Forecast By Applications, Sales, Size, Types And Competitors For The Creating Segment And The Developing Section Among The Neuroscience Market. The Market Growth Worldwide With Top Players Future Business Scope and Investment Analysis Report

Get Sample Report @ https://www.reportsintellect.com/sample-request/899104

The report means to give front line advertise knowledge and help leaders make sound venture assessment. Furthermore, the report likewise recognizes and investigations the developing patterns alongside real drivers, difficulties and openings in the worldwide Neuroscience market. Besides, the report likewise features advertise passage methodologies for different organizations over the globe.

Top Companies are Cover in this report: GE Healthcare, NeuroNexus, Siemens Healthineers, Mightex Bioscience, Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Noldus Information Technology, Plexon, Blackrock Microsystems

The Neuroscience Market Report Offers an assessment of key market dynamics, the competitive landscape, segments, and regions in order to help readers to become better familiar with the Neuroscience Market, it allows players to gain deep insights into the business development and market growth of leading companies operating in the Neuroscience Market.

Segmentation by type: breakdown data from 2015 to 2020 in Section 2.3; and forecast to 2025 in section 10.7.Whole Brain ImagingNeuro-MicroscopyElectrophysiology TechnologiesNeuro-Cellular ManipulationStereotaxic SurgeriesAnimal BehaviorOtherWhole Brain Imaging, Neuro-Microscopy, and Electrophysiology Technologies are the top three types of neuroscience, with a combined market share of 62%

Segmentation by application: breakdown data from 2015 to 2020, in Section 2.4; and forecast to 2025 in section 10.8.HospitalsDiagnostic LaboratoriesResearch InstitutesOther

Get Instant Discount on Report @ https://www.reportsintellect.com/discount-request/899104

Table of Contents:

Global Neuroscience Market Size, Status and Forecast 20261 Market Overview2 Manufacturers Profiles3 Global Neuroscience Sales, Revenue, Market Share andCompetitionby Manufacturer4 Global Neuroscience Market Analysis by Regions5 North America Neuroscience by Countries6 Europe Neuroscience by Countries7 Asia-Pacific Neuroscience by Countries8 South America Neuroscience by Countries9 Middle East and Africa Neuroscience by Countries10 Global Neuroscience Market Segment by Type11 Global Neuroscience Market Segment by Application12 Neuroscience Market Forecast13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers14 Research Findings and Conclusion15 Appendix

Reasons to Buy

About Us:

Reports Intellect is your one-stop solution for everything related to market research and market intelligence. We understand the importance of market intelligence and its need in todays competitive world.

Our executive team works hard to fetch the most authentic research reports backed with impeccable data figures which guarantee outstanding results every time for you.

So whatever it is the latest report from the researchers or a custom requirement, our team is here to help you in the best possible way.

Contact Us:

sales@reportsintellect.com

Phone No: + 1-706-996-2486

US Address: 225 Peachtree Street NE,

Suite 400, Atlanta, GA 30303

Go here to read the rest:
Neuroscience Market Emerging Technology, Opportunities, Future Growth to 2026 with Top Key Players- GE Healthcare, NeuroNexus, Siemens Healthineers -...

Neuroscience

Breakthrough achieved in treatment for Ischemic stroke – The Nation

LAHORE - A major breakthrough has been achieved in the medical history of Pakistan with the introduction of catheter-based stroke treatment at the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences (PINS) of Lahore General Hospital (LGH), headed by Dr Umair Rasheed Chaudhry. A special team of Neuro International Radiologists participated in the process while Dr Abubakar Siddique, Major Dr Sohail Akhtar and Dr Saima Ahmed assisted them. Apart from Pakistan, Dr Osama Yaseen Mansoor from Egypt, Dr Ahmad Sobri and Prof Dr Azam Bin Abdul Raheem from Malaysia while Dr Anchalae from Thailand were also among participants in the workshop. The world renowned Dr Haseeb Manzoor and Dr Hamid Mahmood were also part of the team on the occasion. The 13th workshop was conducted at the Neuro Radiology Centre, followed by a press conference, conducted by Dr Umair Rasheed Chaudhry. It was reported that treatment of paralysis and brain diseases had progressed greatly in Pakistan. The first 6 to 24 hours are of the utmost importance during that time period, blood clotting is removed from the brain, thus providing timely medical help. The patient is protected from many complications while so far 70 such patients have been treated on time at this centre, said Umair Rasheed Chaudhry. Dr Umair told the press conference that the two-day international workshop at the Punjab Institute of Neuroscience was extremely useful in addition to benefiting from each others experiences and providing a lot of material to guide the new doctors. Work was started on a modern machine installed at a cost of 34 crore rupees and he said that we could run the centre for 24 hours if the money of one crore is provided. He said that it was alarming that the second major cause of death in Pakistan was a stroke and lack of proper awareness.

Read the original post:
Breakthrough achieved in treatment for Ischemic stroke - The Nation

Neuroscience

Building Authentic Courage: The Essential Foundation For Successful Diversity And Inclusion – Forbes

Jacqueline Brassey, McKinsey & Company

Dr. Jacqui Brassey, Director of Learning and Development at McKinsey & Company and a practitioner academic, shares with me the essence of her new, coauthored book, Advancing Authentic Confidence through Emotional Flexibility and highlights key lessons for management and leadership training.

Successful Diversity And Inclusion (D&I): An Elusive Fairy-Tale?

Dana is excited. She has just joined a fast-growing start-up. It is a huge opportunity for her. Her project manager, Kurt, is equally thrilled to have her on board; this huge project is his first as lead and Dana brings exactly the right skillset to help steer it in the right direction.

But a few weeks in, Kurt is uneasy. Uncomfortable with Danas suggestions and her very different approach to managing suppliers, Kurt senses his control slipping away. Her skills are just what the team needs her previous organizations raved about her but her style and her methods are different from his. He starts to worry constantly about how to regain control. He starts questioning not only his decision to hire Dana but his own abilities. He feels stuck and totally unequipped to manage such uncertainty.

For all the noise on the importance of diversity and the benefits of inclusion, there are many leaders who, like Kurt, find managing the realities of D&I easier said than done. They have tried many different tools, initiatives, workshops and events: on unconscious bias, diversity, womens leadership, LGBTQ+ allies. The list is long, results mixed. Real evidence of progress through D&I is intermittent, irregular or non-existent.

The Inclusion Paradox

One key reason for this lack of progress, not often recognized, is the Inclusion Paradox. This is basic neuroscience: as human beings we love to connect and engage with others. We love to be part of communities, families and friends. And where we feel safe we flourish.

Conversely, when we meet people who are different from us, whether in how they look, work, talk or behave, we can consciously or unconsciously feel threatened. Consciously or unconsciously, as we make sense of the world around us, we form impressions about others and tend either to connect or to move away from them, whether physically in the office, in teamwork or over a coffee. We simply feel more at ease creating environments where we mix with people similar to us.

Whilst we know this to be true, in our increasingly complex world we desperately need people to engage with one another, work together and collaborate. We need a broad spread of talent within organizations, with skill and background diversity, more women, ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+ members, and others who are different from us.

So how do we combine our basic, psychological need for safe social engagement with our potential fear of difference and unconscious bias?

The Importance Of Authentic Courage

Working environments are changing fast and flexible working is becoming the norm. Leaders must evolve quickly to lead successful multidisciplinary teams. And top of the list of skills they need is courage: authentic courage to be inclusive.

Three Dimensions Of Modern Leadership

Simply put, familiarity makes us feel safe, whilst unfamiliarity even in the smallest detail can change that feeling to unsafe. In these circumstances our stress system activates, our executive brain functioning is compromised, our emotional neural pathways take over and we make poorer judgments and decisions.

Crucial Components Of Management And Leadership Training

The role of leader has changed from one of superior knowledge and understanding and having all the answers to one of integrator, synthesizer and connector. We must all strive to develop this new skillset in ourselves and in others in an integrative and inclusive way through ongoing management and leadership training.

Key skills include suspending judgment, accepting fear and discomfort, mindfulness, curiosity, distant observation, staying grounded, keeping the end goal in mind, awareness, having a consciousness radar, and staying with the discomfort of not knowing the answers. Such skills combined bring authentic confidence, emotional flexibility and the courage to be inclusive.

All these competences can be taught and integrated into learning and development programs but they are still not getting enough traction.

Once we understand the paradox of inclusion and start to nurture these leadership skills at the helm of effective multidisciplinary teams, we will pave the way for real impact on diversity and create the environment where inclusion harnesses the rewards of a diverse talent base.

Dr. Jacqui Brassey coauthored Advancing Authentic Confidence through Emotional Flexibility with Prof dr. Nick van Dam and Prof dr. Arjen van Witteloostuijn. As well as part of McKinseys Learning Leadership Team, Dr. Brassey is Adjunct Professor at IE University, Research Fellow at VU Amsterdam and Supervisory Board member at Save the Children in the Netherlands. She has coauthored more than 15 publications.

If youd like more information about professional development programs to support your future modern leaders, please visit My Confidence Matters.

See the rest here:
Building Authentic Courage: The Essential Foundation For Successful Diversity And Inclusion - Forbes

Neuroscience

University Honors King, Shows Commitment to Community During ‘Dream Week’ – University of Texas at Dallas

Neuroscience senior Nishika Jaiswal drops a measuring scoop of ingredients for prepackaged red lentil jambalaya meals that will be delivered to area children. The meal-packing project was the Universitys service event designed to honor the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

About 175 UTDallas students and other volunteers packaged 25,000 bags of red lentil jambalaya meals for area children as part of a University of Texas at Dallas service project to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

The nonprofit organization Feeding Children Everywhere, which provided the supplies, will distribute the meals through the North Texas Food Bank.

The Universitys MLK Day of Service was created in 2018 by the Multicultural Center in the Office of Diversity and Community Engagement and the Office of Student Volunteerism as a way to let students follow through on Kings challenge to help their communities. It was just one of several activities to celebrate Kings life and legacy during the Universitys Dream Week, whose theme this year was Catalyst 4 Change.

National recording artist Shy Amos BA09, MS11, MBA17 performs a spoken word tribute to past and present black heroes during the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Breakfast.

The MLK Dream Week continues to serve as a step in the right direction to accomplish Dr. Kings dream, said Bruce August Jr., the Multicultural Centers assistant director for programs and marketing. It is only right to reinvigorate our commitment to diversity and inclusion via the celebration of Dr. King.

A highlight of Dream Week was the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Breakfast at the Davidson-Gundy Alumni Center.

Guest speaker former Rep. Helen Giddings, who retired after more than 25 years in the Texas House of Representatives and who was chair of the Texas Legislative Black Caucus, challenged students to carry the torch of Kings moral courage in helping the country attain equality and social justice. In her role as a legislator, Giddings helped secure state funding for the Universitys Academic Bridge Program, which has helped 800 high-potential students from Dallas-area urban high schools succeed at UT Dallas.

The 20th annual breakfast featured a performance of Amazing Grace by Matthew Winser-Johns, assistant director for LGBT+ programs in the Galerstein Gender Center. The event was co-sponsored by the Multicultural Center, Student Union & Activities Advisory Board and the Office of Diversity and Community Engagement.

When you come together and organize, and you walk together in unity, it puts his words to action. It keeps his legacy alive.

Gerry Bogonko, software engineering senior and vice president of the Black Student Alliance at UT Dallas

Dream Week also included Diversity Dialogues, a facilitated cultural discussion, and a new event the first campus Unity Walk in honor of the legacy and values of King. Though inclement weather forced the event to be held inside the Student Union, students heard speakers and joined in songs from the civil rights era.

Software engineering senior Gerry Bogonko, vice president of the Black Student Alliance and a multicultural peer advocate, spoke at the event and outlined the history of voting rights activism. He said he believed it was important for students to continue to gather and commemorate the memory of King.

When you come together and organize, and you walk together in unity, it puts his words to action. It keeps his legacy alive, Bogonko said. By coming together, you can stop an oppressive power structure. Its only by coming together that it will happen.

The annual MLK Day of Service drew student volunteers from a wide range of campus groups, including the UTDallas Cultural Scholars, the Black Faculty and Staff Alliance, the Diversity Scholars Program, Jindal OutREACH, Living Learning Communities, the Multicultural Center, the Office of Student Volunteerism, the Office of Sustainability, Tau Sigma National Honor Society, the Terry Foundation Scholars program and the Undergraduate Success Scholars program.

Economics junior and Eugene McDermott Scholar Bethany Kasprzyk participated in the Day of Service event, helping to package meals in the Galaxy Rooms of the Student Union. She became interested in helping the needy after volunteering with the Universitys Comet Cupboard, which addresses food insecurity for college students, and taking a class on poverty.

Not only are children the group most likely to be in poverty, but their early childhood education is the biggest determinant of their adult outcomes, Kasprzyk said. Im really glad Feeding Children Everywhere is tackling this issue. Its the perfect service event for UTD to give back to the Dallas community in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Visit link:
University Honors King, Shows Commitment to Community During 'Dream Week' - University of Texas at Dallas

Genetics

How to Argue with a Racist by Adam Rutherford review were all related – The Guardian

Every Nazi had Jewish ancestors. Discovering this fact alone is worth the price of Adam Rutherfords engaging and enlightening new book. A geneticist by training, Rutherford is an accomplished writer who knows how to weave a fascinating tale from scientific data as he explains that our shared ancestry is far more recent than the small group of a pan-Africa species that left the continent 70,000 years ago.

It is a popular myth that there are more people alive today than have ever died. The current global population is about 7.8 billion and increasing at the rate of 220,000 each day. It has been estimated that there have been some 108 billion members of our species, Homo sapiens. The dead may outnumber the living by almost 100 billion, but as Rutherford points out, there are more people alive as you read this than on any other day in history.

Race does existprecisely because it isasocial construct, andracism isrealbecause peopleenact it

Assuming that generations are separated by 25 years, then in every generation back through time, the number of ancestors you have doubles: two parents, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents and so on. Going back just 1,000 years generates more than a trillion ancestors 1,099,511,627,776. This staggering number is nearly 10 times greater than all of the people who have ever lived. The solution to this apparent paradox is simple: family trees coalesce and collapse in on themselves as we go back in time, with many individuals occupying multiple positions.

The last common ancestor of all people with longstanding European ancestries lived only 600 years ago, in 1400. This long lost ancestor appears on every familys tree. If you hoped for a royal connection then you wont be disappointed: as Rutherford explains, anyone alive today with a British ancestral lineage is almost certainly descended from Edward III, and all of his regal ancestors, including William the Conqueror. It may sound far-fetched, but so did six degrees of separation the idea that everyone on the planet is six, or fewer, social connections away from each other.

Remarkably, we only need to travel back 1,000 years to reach a special moment in time dubbed the genetic isopoint. Every person alive at this point in 10th-century Europe who left descendants is an ancestor of all Europeans alive today. This mind-numbing concept is a mathematical and genetic certainty that is far removed from the ancestry, family trees and identity that we learn from such TV programmes as Who Do You Think You Are?. Logically, there must also be a global isopoint, a time when the entire population of the Earth were the ancestors of everyone alive today. There is, and it was just 3,400 years ago.

How ancestry and family trees actually work shows the concept of racial purity to be pure fantasy. For humans, Rutherford explains, there are no purebloods, only mongrels enriched by the blood of multitudes. So, like the rest of us, every white supremacist and racist has African, Indian, Chinese, Native American, Middle Eastern and Indigenous Australian ancestors to name but a few.

Human genetics is the study of the similarities and differences between people and populations. Although the idea that genetic variations between traditional racial groupings have any meaningful influence on behaviour or innate abilities has been widely discredited, papers are still being published in peer-reviewed journals in which the genetics for complex human traits is sliced and diced along racial lines.

Attempts to justify racism have long been rooted in science, more accurately pseudoscience. Rutherford understands that racism is a social phenomenon, but rightly believes that when science is warped, misrepresented or abused to justify hatred and prejudice it must be challenged. He focuses on what genetics says about skin colour, ancestry, intelligence, sporting prowess, and about so-called racial purity and superiority. And he attempts to equip the reader with the scientific tools necessary to tackle questions concerning race, genes and ancestry, as he explains what DNA does and does not reveal about the concept of race.

No one has ever agreed how many races there are, nor what their essential features might be. The emergence of the pseudoscientific approach to human taxonomy that relies on physical traits such as skin colour or physiognomy coincided with the empire building of European powers. Unsurprisingly, the invention of race occurred in an era of exploration, exploitation and plunder.

Skin colour may be the most obvious difference between people but it has little to do with the total amount of similarity or difference between individuals and between populations. If we accept that people are born with different innate capabilities and potential, then how these abilities cluster within and between populations has more to do with history and culture than DNA and biology. Studies reveal that genetic differences between populations do not account for differences in academic, intellectual, musical or sporting performance between those populations.

So-called racial differences are literally just skin deep: genetics and human evolutionary history do not support the traditional or colloquial concepts of race. As a result, Rutherford argues, we are prone to say race doesnt exist, or race is just a social construct. However, race does exist precisely because it is a social construct, and racism is real because people enact it. One has to admire his desire to challenge Jonathan Swifts dictum: Reasoning will never make a Man correct an ill Opinion, which by Reasoning he never acquired.

How to Argue with a Racist: History, Science, Race and Reality by Adam Rutherford is published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson (RRP 12.99). To order a copy go to guardianbookshop.com. Free UK p&p over 15.

More:
How to Argue with a Racist by Adam Rutherford review were all related - The Guardian