Immunology

The epinephrine market in APAC is anticipated to reach US$ 953.08 million in 2027 from US$ 486.79 million in 2019 – P&T Community

NEW YORK, April 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

The epinephrine market in APAC is anticipated to reach US$ 953.08 million in 2027 from US$ 486.79 million in 2019. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.9% during 20202027.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05887329/?utm_source=PRN

The epinephrine market is growing primarily due to increasing production of generic epinephrine and cheaper epinephrine products and government regulations such as approval of generic drug alternative to epinephrine autoinjectors in APAC.Factors such lack of availability of epinephrine drug are likely to restrain the growth of the market in the coming years.

However, the increasing R&D expenditure for growing pipeline of epinephrine is expected to have a positive impact on the growth of the epinephrine market in APAC in the coming years.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life threatening allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as skin redness and itching, swallowing and breathing difficulties, wheezing, rapid breathing rate (tachypnoea), accelerated heart rate (tachycardia), and falling blood pressure.It may involve multiple systems of the human body.

Anaphylaxis is caused by exposure to an allergen (foods, insect stings, or medicines) that is recognized as a non-self by a human body.

The incidence of anaphylaxis is increasing; more than 1 billion people worldwide suffered from respiratory diseases in 2018asthma to which is a major contributor, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).The top 3 countries for both asthma incidence and prevalence in Asia were India, China, and Indonesia, driven largely by population size nearly half (48%) of the estimated O3 attributable, the leading cause of air pollution causing infections and allergies, and over half (56%) of hospitalizations due to asthma were recorded in Southeast Asia (including India), and Western Pacific regions (includes China).

Global burden of disease data analysis revealed more than 1 million premature deaths attributable to ambient air pollution in 2015 in India.More than 1 million additional deaths can be attributed to household air pollution.

The Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (APAAACI) plans to build a consortium and calls to action for the health and environmental global bodies and national authorities to address this major threat to human health.Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical treatment, and it can turn lethal if not treated properly.

Therefore, the demand for epinephrine is expected to increase during the forecast period.

In 2019, the auto-injectors segment accounted for the largest market share in the epinephrine market in Asia Pacific.Epinephrine auto-injectors are measured dosages used to treat life-threatening allergic reactions.

The epinephrine auto-injectors can be self-administered. The auto-injectors segment is also estimated to mark the highest CAGR in the market during the forecast period owing to the increasing development of this segment resulting in the growth of the market in near future.

In 2019, the anaphylaxis segment held the most significant share of the epinephrine market, by application.This segment is also anticipated to hold a considerable portion of the market by 2027 owing to the need for treatment of anaphylaxis and other allergies in people.

The segment is also anticipated to witness growth at a significant rate during the forecast period.

A few significant secondary sources for epinephrine included in the report are World Health Organization (WHO); Food and Drug Administration (FDA); Food Allergy Research & Education; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); and Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology (APAAACI).

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05887329/?utm_source=PRN

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The epinephrine market in APAC is anticipated to reach US$ 953.08 million in 2027 from US$ 486.79 million in 2019 - P&T Community

Immunology

Meet the North Smithfield native working on a cure for coronavirus – Valley Breeze

4/22/2020

Timothy Sheahan, a research scientist with a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology, is one of only a handful of scientists in the country testing cures for the coronavirus. Here he is pictured in the lab at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at UNC-Chapel Hill.

NORTH SMITHFIELD When Timothy Sheahan was working his first job as a dishwasher at Coffee & Cream, one of his coworkers gave him the nickname professor. He wasnt an academic star at Mount Saint Charles Academy, where he graduated in 1994, he didnt take AP biology but he enjoyed science and would go on to study it at the University of New Hampshire.

His name was Danny, and he ran the drive-thru, Sheahan recalled during a phone interview last week. And because I was a nerd, he would call me professor. And I just realized that now Im a professor, and its ironic.

Sheahan isnt just a professor. Hes also a research scientist at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The lab he works in specializes in coronaviruses and is one of only a handful of labs around the country working on a cure for COVID-19.

Were tasked with being the front line of evaluating new things that could save lives in the U.S. and across the globe, he said Its a position that people like me are rarely in, especially under this time scale where things need to be done as soon as possible, and you do it because thats whats happening now.

Sheahan is no stranger to coronaviruses, the family of viruses that includes the strain that causes COVID-19. After graduating from the University of New Hampshire, he worked in a lab at Harvard Medical School and completed his PhD work at UNC Chapel Hill, later returning as a faculty member. Much of his work has focused on developing treatments to existing coronaviruses, including the ones that caused the SARS outbreak in China in 2002 and the MERS outbreak in the Middle East in 2012.

When COVID-19 began to emerge late last year, hed been experimenting with remdesivir, a drug originally developed by the pharmaceutical company Gilead to treat Ebola, to see if it would work against MERS.

But then this new coronavirus comes along, and we start studying it, he said. We had a pretty good feeling that remdesivir would work in a lab against this virus, and that turns out to be true.

Remdesivir is now one of the leading drugs being studied in the U.S. as a possible treatment to COVID-19, but theres still a lot of work to do. Sheahan and his colleagues accomplish that work in their lab in full safety gear, including scrubs, hazmat suits, gloves, booties and enclosed hoods that receive clean air from battery-powered respirators. Everyone who works at the lab has an FBI background check and does their work in biosafety cabinets to prevent any escape of the virus.

Despite the deadly viruses around him, Sheahan said the lab is a safe and comforting place to work, especially at a time when hes more likely to catch COVID-19 walking into the grocery store than cocooned beneath layers of safety equipment.

At the same time as hes battling a worldwide disease, hes also juggling the pressures of being a parent with two young kids at home. A typical day involves waking up and spending the morning helping his kids with schoolwork before heading into the lab around noon. Then its back home for dinner and some brief family time before working from home until midnight. He works through weekends, a schedule that makes him feel more like a PhD student than an assistant professor in his 40s.

When I get home and read two chapters of Harry Potter to my kids before bed, that is a breath of fresh air, he said.

Sheahan said he tries to talk about things other than coronavirus when hes at home, but its difficult when everyone, including his parents, Rudy and Helene Sheahan in North Smithfield, has suddenly become well versed in what he does. Finding himself at the center of the worlds response, he said, has been weird, and something he never wouldve predicted when he was 15.

At the time, he was more interested in recording music, and said one of his highlights at Mount Saint Charles was when his English teacher, John Guevremont, played a song hed written for the class. Now, he finds himself in the national spotlight, not as the guitarist of a rock band, but as a leading expert on a worldwide pandemic. Hes often quoted as an expert on the coronavirus, and last week he was the subject of a profile in GQ magazine.

Its one thing to be in the news and give comments about things, but its another thing to be the focus of an article in a national publication, he said.

Sheahan said he couldnt predict how the pandemic will play out, but our most powerful tool will be a vaccine to bring the situation under control. Until that time, he said, were likely to continue to see waves of social distancing measures to keep the disease in check.

Theres a ton of work that needs to be done, and everybody is just coming together to make it happen, he said.

Timothy Sheahan suits up in protective gear before working with virus specimens.

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Meet the North Smithfield native working on a cure for coronavirus - Valley Breeze

Immunology

Alumni Voices: The Way We Do Healthcare Will Never Be the Same – Davidson News

The amount of flexibility and innovation that has been demonstrated, the heavy workload that has been handled, reconfiguring who is working where in a health care system, Permar said, all of that has been part of a story people are not seeing.

Permar, a 1997 graduate of Davidson, is an associate dean and a professor of pediatrics and immunology at Duke University School of Medicine. She sees enormous shifts in her day-to-day experience at Dukes hospital, and in her broader research and teaching. Hospital staff are using safer channels for talking to patients, call it medical distancing, such as calling a phone in the patients room to ask questions and gather information. Doctors and nurses are seeing patients over video connections to help prevent the spread of the virus.

For as long as Ive been in medicine we have been talking about telehealth, Permar said, and we implemented it in a week.

Dukes hospital is screening everyone who enters. A health care professional asks visitors questions about exposure to COVID-19, travel and symptoms.Temperature checks are next. The checks create lines, so staff have to shift schedules to allow time to get in. All health care staff at hospitals are wearing masks.

The money side of health care, billing, has been based on a provider seeing a patient in person. Providers were uncertain how to bill for video visits, how to handle the technology and whether patients would accept the idea, Permar said. They moved quickly past those hurdles when the pandemic settled in, she said, and will dramatically increase the use of telehealth in the years to come.

Permar predicts policy makers will be forced to confront the nations insufficient stockpiles, such as the depletion of protective gear for medical personnel.

We have reduced stockpile capacity and pandemic preparedness over time to save costs, Permar said. It didnt reduce costs in the end when we look at the hit to the economy.

When shes not working at the hospital or standing up a new program in vaccine COVID-19 research, Permar has shared observations from her work and research on social media, including this recent reflection:

We will all remember the actions we took during this pandemic, how we responded, what our children observed, and how we contributed.

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Alumni Voices: The Way We Do Healthcare Will Never Be the Same - Davidson News

Genetics

Scientists use genetics to study how the world’s three narwhal populations are affected by climate shifts – The Narwhal

If you want to learn about your ancestry, you can spit into a test-tube and retrieve your DNA results a month later online.

Scientists seeking to learn about the genetics of the narwhal had to use more elaborate methods to gather DNA samples of the deep-diving whale that lives in the ice-cold waters of the Arctic.

Hoping to unravel the demographic history of the narwhal, often called the unicorn of the sea, the scientists collected narwhal tissue samples from Inuit hunters in Canadas far north and Greenland, and tested narwhal remains from archeological digs in northern Europe and Russia.

They even got permission to take samples of narwhal tusks from the King of Denmarks throne chair, made from Norwegian narwhal tusks and guarded by three life-sized silver lions with manes of real gold.

They had special access to be able to drill little tiny bits of tusk from that throne, said Steven Ferguson, an Arctic marine mammal research scientist with Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

Ferguson is one of 15 co-authors of a study, published on April 21 by the Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, that helps unwind a little bit more of the mystery and mystique surrounding the narwhal, a close relative of the beluga whale.

Until recently, little was known about the light-coloured cetacean most commonly recognized for its spiralled tusk a tooth extending through its upper lip. Only in 2017 did scientists discover the narwhal uses its tusk, a sensory device, to smack fish before swallowing them.

Using a combination of genetics and habitat modelling, Ferguson and other scientists investigated how past climatic shifts affected the distribution of the narwhal, one of the Arctic species most vulnerable to climate change.

They discovered low levels of genetic diversity among the worlds three narwhal populations, the two largest of which are found in Canada.

The scientists also found that habitat availability has been critical to the success of narwhals over the past tens of thousands of years, raising concerns about the fate of the migratory whale in a rapidly warming Arctic.

There are approximately 200,000 narwhals in the world.

Populations are named for where they summer. The vast majority of narwhals are found in Canada, in two groups known as the Baffin Bay and Hudsons Bay populations. A third population, numbering about 10,000 animals, is found in Greenland, extending to Svalbard an island between Norway and the North Pole and as far as Russia.

Its pretty remarkable that Canada has this resource but its also a lot of responsibility, said Ferguson, who worked with Inuit hunters to gather tissue samples for the study.

We are the ones who are going to have to manage and conserve this species going forward into the future.

DFO scientist Steve Ferguson in the field, conducting research on the worlds narwhal populations. Photo: Steve Ferguson

Narwhals appear only to have ever been an Atlantic species, and all three populations are closely related. Researchers found narwhals have one of the lowest genetic diversities of all marine mammals.

I still dont think weve quite solved that puzzle as to why it is so low, Ferguson said in an interview. Maybe there was some kind of bottleneck way back in the past. This history thats been explained by the genomic study here hasnt really found a good explanation for that.

The study found a long-term, low overall population size that increased when suitable habitat expanded following the last Ice Age. Like other polar marine predators, narwhal populations contracted into smaller areas during the last glaciation.

Its a bit of a mystery as to how fragmented they might have been, Ferguson said.

The study also looked into the future, forecasting what impact global warming might have on populations.

Researchers estimated a 25 per cent decline in habitat suitability by 2100, with a 1.6 degrees northward shift in habitat availability, suggesting narwhal habitat is likely to contract as sea temperatures rise and sea ice continues to melt.

The genetic ghost hunters

Ferguson said there will be a slight decrease in populations, including in the east Greenland group.

Narwhal distribution will be further affected in the near future by increased human encroachment, changes in prey availability, new competitors and increased predation by killer whales, according to the study.

More open water is good for narwhals to some extent, Ferguson said. But they will have competitors and disease and problems coming from the south [and] thats going to continue to push them further north.

Much depends on narwhals having access to the habitat they need to thrive, he said.

Baffin Bay seems to be a perfect spot for them right now, at least in winter. Theyre really deep diving animals, well adapted to diving to extreme depths, up to 2 kilometres. Baffin Bay allows them to do that and has some really good food.

All other Arctic marine mammals are circumpolar, meaning they are found around the world.

But narwhal are unique, Ferguson said. They really seem to have this Atlantic Ocean habitat. So theres an open question as to what might happen as we continue to lose sea ice.

The Arctic is warming at an unprecedented rate. A new study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, predicts summer Arctic sea ice will disappear before 2050, with devastating consequences for the Arctic ecosystem.

Narwhals most vulnerable to increased shipping in Arctic

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Scientists use genetics to study how the world's three narwhal populations are affected by climate shifts - The Narwhal

Genetics

Is anxiety genetic? It’s a combination of genes and your environment – Insider – INSIDER

Anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental illness. In a given year, 19% of Americans experience an anxiety disorder, according to the National Association on Mental Illness (NAMI).

Among the most common are:

Scientists have long debated the importance of nature versus nurture in terms of human development and illness. We now know that genetics play a significant role in the development of anxiety. Particularly, researchers have found that genes on chromosome 9 are associated with anxiety.

But your experiences within your environment including family upbringing and major life events are also important factors. Here's what you need to know about how genes and life experiences contribute to anxiety.

You're more likely to develop an anxiety disorder if another member of your family also has an anxiety disorder.

Research has indicated that anxiety disorders have a heritability rate of 26% for lifetime occurrence. This heritability rate means that 26% of the variability in whether or not people develop anxiety is caused by genetics.

So, about one-quarter of your risk for developing anxiety is genetic. That means other factors, such as traumatic experiences or physical illnesses, can have a larger impact. And your family can still contribute to anxiety in ways other than genetics.

"Family provides both the genes and the environment. It might be genes or it may be because a family member modeled a very anxious way of being in the world or often a combination of both," says Elena Touroni, PsyD, a psychologist and co-CEO at My Online Therapy. "It can be difficult to disentangle genes and environment."

One 2018 study found that children with anxiety disorders were three times more likely than children without disorders to have at least one parent with an anxiety disorder. The connection was particularly strong for social anxiety.

The study authors suggest that in addition to genetic risk, parents "model" behavior that increases the risk of their child developing social anxiety. For example, a parent who avoids social events might unintentionally teach their child to do the same.

However, adults who were raised by parents with anxiety can mitigate their risk of developing an anxiety disorder by learning how to manage anxiety with effective stress-management techniques. If you're a parent with anxiety, the earlier you teach your kid about this, the better.

"The best thing you can do is be aware of the fact that there is a higher chance that you might be prone to anxiety yourself," Touroni says. "Make a conscious effort to learn techniques to calm the mind, such as mindfulness. Also, having psychological therapy will help you better understand the anxieties of the people in your family, and therefore what they have left you vulnerable to as a result."

You don't need to have a family member with an anxiety disorder in order to develop anxiety. A stressful or traumatic event, for example, can increase the risk of developing an anxiety disorder.

"The main underlying core belief of any anxiety disorder is an exaggerated sense of vulnerability in the world of yourself or the people you care about," Touroni says. "Fundamentally, it's about understanding whether your experiences led you to develop a belief that the world is a dangerous place."

In particular, child sexual abuse and family violence may lead to an increased risk for anxiety. Moreover, having three or more adverse childhood experiences these are somewhat traumatic events for children, ranging from divorced parents to abuse is associated with a higher likelihood of developing anxiety.

Different childhood experiences at home, school and elsewhere can help explain why some family members might develop anxiety while others don't.

For example, a 2018 study followed 49,524 twins for 25 years. The researchers found that as twins aged and their environments became more different, the influence of heritability on their chance of developing anxiety decreased. In short: even though the twins shared genetics, their risk factors for anxiety were affected more by their environment than their genes.

In the end, there's no concrete set of factors that can predict if you will develop anxiety, or not.

"Mental illness is very different to physical illness. We can't always find a concrete link because there are a lot of variables," Touroni says. "Our mental wellbeing is influenced by so many different factors, and because of that, it's difficult to isolate genetic loading from environmental influence."

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Is anxiety genetic? It's a combination of genes and your environment - Insider - INSIDER

Genetics

Earth Day: The relevance of land genetics in the time of COVID-19 – CNBCTV18

April 22 is celebrated as Earth Day across the world since 1970 after a UNESCO conference in San Francisco proposed a day in honour of the mother Earth a year earlier. On this day in 2016, a landmark Paris agreement -- The draft Climate Protection Treaty -- was signed by the US, China and 120 other countries to protect the planet.

Come 2020 and we're all fighting an unexpected war. What is ironic, is that this war is being fought by sitting at home. Yes, the worldwide lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic has a majority of people on the planet indoors. The condition is likened to land genetics and part of it is neuroarchitecture, which is a discipline that studies how the physical environment surrounding us can modify our brains and consequently out behavior.

Despite making ourselves busy at homes by indulging in news and entertainment on screens, most of us are facing anxiety issues.

Like the human body, planet Earth too has its anatomy, which can be positive or become sick. So while were at home, lets make use of land science and come out of this lockdown to a healthier planet. This science is purely based on geology, geography and human behaviour. Moreover, the application of land genetics can have a positive effect of our health and lives overall. The theory of land genetics suggests changes in our lifestyle -- the way we use the planet -- which can bring about a long lasting positive change.

With over 80 percent of humans locked indoors, lets consider our homes as the universe and energise the land where we live.

Here are some dos and donts according to the importance of directions that you could practice.

Sleep with your head towards the south. The head is the heaviest part of the body and acts as the North Pole and theory of physics suggests that opposite poles attract each other, this would have a calming effect on you.

If sitting for long, face the east or north, it helps you concentrate better.

A family should sleep from west to east or south to north beginning with the eldest member. The wavelength of land is bigger for elders and smaller for younger members.

If a member of the family is unwell, keep him in the first quadrant of the house which is in the north-east direction. They should sleep facing the south. It will help them fight the diseases effectively. The north-east wavelength is the smallest of all.

While cooking, one should face the north or east. This is similar to the flow of blood within the body and the magnetic force of the Earth. It helps focus and the food turns out delicious.

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Earth Day: The relevance of land genetics in the time of COVID-19 - CNBCTV18

Genetics

Episode 190: Genetics and Nazism – Jewish Journal

We all want to be the best we can be. And of course, we want to surround ourselves with the best of the best. But this seemingly positive motive has led some people to say and do some pretty horrific things throughout history.

The Greek Philosopher Plato suggested selective mating to breed a higher class of humans. In Sparta, a council of elders inspected every child to determine if he or she was fit to live. In early ancient Rome, fathers were expected to immediately kill their child if they were disabled in any way.

But its not just ancient history. In the 19th and 20th century a new system of beliefs began to emerge Eugenics. The idea that through selective breeding we can improve the genetic make-up of the human race. Sound familiar?

But where did Eugenic thought originate?

Professor Amir Teicher discusses exactly that in his new book, Social Mendelism: Genetics and the Politics of Race in Germany, 1900-1948 Professor Teicher is an assistant professor of history at the University of Tel Aviv. His research is focused on Germany, eugenics, the development of modern biological thinking, racism and antisemitism, and the history of medicine.

We are super thrilled to be joined today by Professor Amir Teicher to talk about his new book and the history of Eugenics.

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Episode 190: Genetics and Nazism - Jewish Journal

Genetics

Genetic variants linked with onset, progression of PAG – Ophthalmology Times

Genetic variants that are unrelated to the IOP are associated with a family history of glaucoma and play a role in the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Genetic variants that are related to the IOP are associated with the age at which glaucoma is diagnosed and are associated with disease progression.

What is known about POAG, the most prevalent form of glaucoma, is that increased IOP and myopia are risk factors for damage to the optic nerve in POAG.

Related: Stent offers IOP stability more than three years after surgery

A family history of glaucoma is a major risk factor for development of POAG, in light of which, therefore, genetic factors are thought to be important in the disease pathogenesis and a few genes mutations have been identified as causing POAG, according to Fumihiko Mabuchi, MD, PhD, professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.

Myopia has been shown to be a risk factor for POAG in several studies. However, it can be difficult to diagnose true POAG in myopic patients and controversy exists over whether it is real risk factor.

Myopic optic discs are notoriously difficult to assess, and myopic patients may have visual field defects unrelated to any glaucomatous process.

The prevalence of POAG increases with age, even after compensating for the association between age and IOP.

Related: Preservative-free tafluprost/timolol lowers IOP well, glaucoma study shows

Part of the storyDr. Mabuchi and his and colleagues, recounted that these factors are only part of the story.

According to Dr. Mabuchi and his colleagues, cases of POAG caused by these gene mutations account for several percent of all POAG cases, and most POAG is presumed to be a polygenic disease.

Recent genetic analyses, the investigators explained, have reported genetic variants that predispose patients to development of POAG and the additive effect of these variants on POAG, which are classified as two types.

The first genetics variants are associated with IOP elevation.

Related: Sustained-release implant offers long-term IOP control, preserved visual function

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Genetic variants linked with onset, progression of PAG - Ophthalmology Times

Genetics

Seattle Genetics (NASDAQ:SGEN) Is In A Strong Position To Grow Its Business – Yahoo Finance

We can readily understand why investors are attracted to unprofitable companies. For example, biotech and mining exploration companies often lose money for years before finding success with a new treatment or mineral discovery. But the harsh reality is that very many loss making companies burn through all their cash and go bankrupt.

So, the natural question for Seattle Genetics (NASDAQ:SGEN) shareholders is whether they should be concerned by its rate of cash burn. In this report, we will consider the company's annual negative free cash flow, henceforth referring to it as the 'cash burn'. We'll start by comparing its cash burn with its cash reserves in order to calculate its cash runway.

View our latest analysis for Seattle Genetics

A company's cash runway is calculated by dividing its cash hoard by its cash burn. When Seattle Genetics last reported its balance sheet in December 2019, it had zero debt and cash worth US$811m. In the last year, its cash burn was US$234m. That means it had a cash runway of about 3.5 years as of December 2019. Notably, however, analysts think that Seattle Genetics will break even (at a free cash flow level) before then. In that case, it may never reach the end of its cash runway. The image below shows how its cash balance has been changing over the last few years.

NasdaqGS:SGEN Historical Debt April 22nd 2020

Some investors might find it troubling that Seattle Genetics is actually increasing its cash burn, which is up 4.3% in the last year. The silver lining is that revenue was up 40%, showing the business is growing at the top line. On balance, we'd say the company is improving over time. While the past is always worth studying, it is the future that matters most of all. For that reason, it makes a lot of sense to take a look at our analyst forecasts for the company.

There's no doubt Seattle Genetics seems to be in a fairly good position, when it comes to managing its cash burn, but even if it's only hypothetical, it's always worth asking how easily it could raise more money to fund growth. Issuing new shares, or taking on debt, are the most common ways for a listed company to raise more money for its business. One of the main advantages held by publicly listed companies is that they can sell shares to investors to raise cash to fund growth. We can compare a company's cash burn to its market capitalisation to get a sense for how many new shares a company would have to issue to fund one year's operations.

Since it has a market capitalisation of US$24b, Seattle Genetics's US$234m in cash burn equates to about 1.0% of its market value. That means it could easily issue a few shares to fund more growth, and might well be in a position to borrow cheaply.

It may already be apparent to you that we're relatively comfortable with the way Seattle Genetics is burning through its cash. In particular, we think its cash runway stands out as evidence that the company is well on top of its spending. While its increasing cash burn wasn't great, the other factors mentioned in this article more than make up for weakness on that measure. Shareholders can take heart from the fact that analysts are forecasting it will reach breakeven. After considering a range of factors in this article, we're pretty relaxed about its cash burn, since the company seems to be in a good position to continue to fund its growth. Taking an in-depth view of risks, we've identified 2 warning signs for Seattle Genetics that you should be aware of before investing.

Story continues

Of course, you might find a fantastic investment by looking elsewhere. So take a peek at this free list of companies insiders are buying, and this list of stocks growth stocks (according to analyst forecasts)

If you spot an error that warrants correction, please contact the editor at editorial-team@simplywallst.com. This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. Simply Wall St has no position in the stocks mentioned.

We aim to bring you long-term focused research analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Thank you for reading.

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Seattle Genetics (NASDAQ:SGEN) Is In A Strong Position To Grow Its Business - Yahoo Finance

Genetics

Lactose Intolerance Has Been In European Genetics For Thousands Of Years – IFLScience

Ancient cattle and sheep farmers from modern-day Ukraine gradually mixed with Europeans as far back as 2800 BCE, and among them was the oldest known Europeans to have genetic characteristics of lactose intolerance.

Genetic analysis and radiocarbon dating of nearly 100 ancient skeletal remains from Neolithic settlements in Switzerland is lending insight into the continents earliest inhabitants, both illuminating where they came from and how they lived, according to a new study published in Nature Communications.

Switzerlands rich archaeological record makes it a prime location to study the origins of Europeans. Neolithic settlements are found throughout Central Europe, from lakeshores and bogs to Alpine valleys and high mountain spaces. Previous studies have shown that during the Neolithic period, around the time when civilizations started to rise about 12,000 years ago, drastic changes occurred as sheep and cattle farmers arrived from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in modern Ukraine. At this time, an emergence of Corded Ware Complex (CWC) cultural groups began, groups believed to be the common ancestor of Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, and Slavic groups. But exactly when these migrants arrived in Central Europe and how they mixed with the residents at the time has largely remained a mystery.

To begin to piece the ancient puzzle together, a team of researchers from the University of Tbingen, the University of Bern, and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History radiocarbon-dated bones from 96 ancient skeletons across 13 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Switzerland, southern Germany, and the Alsace region of France. Mitochondrial genomes were completely reconstructed and compared against nearly 400 genomic information held within a databank.

The researchers found that the new group arrived as early as 2800 BCE but their genetic dispersal was complex and gradual. By and large, social and family structures remained biologically the same before and after people arrived from the Pontic-Caspian steppe, suggesting that the different societies did not intermix.

"Remarkably, we identified several female individuals without any detectable steppe-related ancestry up to 1,000 years after this ancestry arrives in the region," said lead author Anja Furtwngler of the University of Tbingen's Institute for Archaeological Sciences, in a statement.

Further genetic testing and analysis of stable isotopes determined that many societies were patrilocal, meaning that the men stayed where they were born and women came from distant families yet still did not have steppe ancestry.

"Since the parents of the mobile females in our study couldn't have had steppe-related ancestry either, it remains to be shown where in Central Europe such populations were present, possibly in the Alpine mountain valleys that were less connected to the lower lands," said Johannes Krause, director of the Department of Archaeogenetics at MPI-SHH and senior author of the study.

The study also presents one of the earliest evidence of adult lactose intolerance in Europe, dating back to around 2100 BCE, a genetic mutation that is of high frequency in Europe today but is largely absent in late and middle Neolithic samples. This suggests that lactose intolerance increased in frequency at the end of the Neolithic period and increased after the beginning of the Bronze Age.

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Lactose Intolerance Has Been In European Genetics For Thousands Of Years - IFLScience