Physiology

This Is Your Brain On Terpenes – Green Entrepreneur

May26, 20205 min read

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

For decades, terpenes have been a key ingredient in the food, fragrance, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Now the cannabis industry isalso seeing their benefits.

Terpenes, the largest class of phytonutrients in green foods and grains, are compounds that contribute to the plants aroma and flavor. In cannabis, theymodulate the impact of cannabinoids, like CBD and THC, helping to determine how the product will impact the receivers physiology.

As the demand for cannabis-based medicineincreases exponentially, the scientific community is engaging in further scientific research to better understandhow terpeneswhen combined with THC, CBD, and other cannabinoidscreate specific physiological outcomes.

Related:How Terpenes Could Revolutionize The Cannabis Industry As We Know It

Earlier this year, researchers at UCLA received a $3.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to study whether terpenes can reduce the amount of opioid medication a person needs to reduce pain. Fortunately, the trend of greater scientific research into cannabis medicine shows no signs of slowing down.

Last week, True Terpenes, a leading terpene company, announced the launch of a Scientific Advisory Board to further study the benefits of how medical cannabis can be enhanced when combined with terpenes, also called the entourage effect.

The Scientific Advisory Board will provide True Terpenes with external scientific and medical insights, as well as feedback on product and intellectual property development. This is part of a long-standing goal of True Terpenes to address the gaps in the science surrounding the entourage effect and create products to optimize these discoveries.

Two scientific luminaries with impressive careers in cannabis research and small molecule development, Dr. Ethan Russo and Dr. Randall Murphy, have joined the board.

Dr. Russo is a board-qualified neurologist, and a pioneer in cannabis and psychopharmacology research, who popularized the theory of the entourage effect in his 2011 paper, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. Dr. Russo was also a Senior Medical Advisor for GW Pharmaceuticals research on cannabis therapies including Sativex, a cannabinoid treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and severe neuropathic-related pain, and Epidiolex, the first FDA approved botanically-derived cannabis medication.

Dr. Murphy is a former tenured faculty member at New York University who has worked on clinical trials for pharma companies and launched several successful pharma startups. He designed laboratories and the widely used standards and practices in place at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards and Center for Analytical Chemistry, and the Staff Research Fellow Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry. His work with the newly formed Scientific Advisory Board will be primarily directed at leading a similar expansion of laboratory facilities and advising on product development and clinical work at True Terpenes.

Related:The Next Big Thing in Cannabis? Terpenes

Dr. Russo says that past terpene research has been limited. The problem, scientifically, is that most research on terpenes is based on aromatherapy and essential oils. We need more formal high-level, scientific studies that tell us what these substances do in the brain, he explains.

Another challenge is that much of the cannabis breeding has been done quite selectively over the years, resultingin avast majority of cannabis chemovars in North America that are high in THC and high in myrcene. Myrcene is a terpene with pain-relieving qualities. When myrcene is combined with THC it has a sedating effect, colloquially known as couchlock. "Thats not ideal for everyone, in particular for medical users who may need to work or study during the day, Dr. Russo says.

Most of the CBD chemovars out there are also high in myrcene, according to Dr. Russo. "This has created a common misconception, which is that CBD is sedating. It isnt. Pure CBD is quite alerting at low and moderate doses. By virtue of the myrcene content, this misconception has arisen. The current situation is not reflective of all that cannabis can be and should be.

One way to create cannabis products with a wider variety of functional and therapeutic effects is by altering their terpene profiles. This is often accomplished by adding terpenes,a core part of True Terpenes business, which offers thousands of terpene combinations ranging from botanically derived isolated compounds to proprietary formulas based on flavor and function.

By bringing in Dr. Russo and Dr. Murphy, we want to legitimize all the anecdotal evidence about terpenes with hard science and data, said Chris Campagna, CEO of True Terpenes. Hopefully that will enable the medical community to make better-informed decisions about cannabis treatment options and help more people.

Dr. Russo is specificallyfocused on formulating proprietary terpenes/terpenoid and cannabinoid blends to enhance quality of life in target areas such as sleep, relaxation, energetics, and focus.

Cannabis is a unique opportunity for individualized medicine," he says. "To achieve that individualization will require scientific investigation around how terpene and cannabinoid combinations affect brain chemistry."

The confusion and lack of knowledge around terpenes as flavors, versus terpenes as functional ingredients, amongst regulators and consumers is a challenge we come up against regularly, said Campagna. That was a big factor in creating this Scientific Advisory Board. Weve been huge proponents of consumer education and consumer safety since starting our business. Back then, very few people even knew what terpenes were. We want to bring terpenes to the mainstream.

Once there is more scientific evidence for the powerful effects of combining terpenes with cannabinoids, more consumers and healthcare professionals will discover the health benefits that cannabis can offer. This research will fuel the growth of the industry, not just from a product development standpoint, but also by cultivating greater consumer demand.

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This Is Your Brain On Terpenes - Green Entrepreneur

Physiology

Connective Muscle And Neural Tissues Coloring Worksheet – Zambia Business Times

I can identify smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissue under a microscope and state the function of each.;

Connective muscle and neural tissues coloring worksheet. The layer where the skin is thick, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, is 10 -12 Four Types of Tissue: For each you want to include linked concepts that describe the tissue type, indicate where it is located, and any additional related terms Connective tissue consists of cells suspended in an extracellular matrix.

The four types of tissues are exemplified in nervous tissue, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and connective tissue in small intestine. Some of the worksheets displayed are Connective tissue, Introduction to anatomy and physiology tissues and, Lab activity 3 connective tissues, Connective tissue and what is connective tissue more, Histology review, Connective tissues, Histology, Practice quiz tissues. A connective tissue disease is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a primary target of pathology. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy and physiology chapter 4 flashcards on Quizlet.

These doodle notes will keep your Anatomy students engaged as they learn about epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.. Examine the main points of cell theory. Striated voluntary muscle / smooth involuntary muscle / cardiac muscle. I can analyze experimental data using the Moving Arm Model and interpret.

Clockwise from nervous tissue, LM 872, LM 282, LM 460, LM 800. The tissue illustrated below is: Write the names of the tissues in the spaces provided and place the number of each structure in the space by the correct label. Tissues Chapter 5 .

Draw 4 arrows connecting to the four types of tissues found in the body. CC cycle 3 week 1 4 types of tissue, with "coloring page" type graphic. Connective tissues are found throughout the body and are the most abundant tissue type! Muscular System Student Learning Goals:

Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Connective Tissue. The connective tissues are the structural portions of The gradual specialization of cells is known as ____ Differentiation _____. Fascicle, myofibril, fiber, nucleus of cell, body of muscle.;

Get acquainted with animal tissues, connective tissues and neural tissues with the help of study material for medical exams offered by askIITians.. Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform _____ There are 4 major types of tissue : This process gives rise to the four main tissue types found in the body (epithelial. Start with your center concept - TISSUES OF THE BODY 2.

The fibrous connective tissues in meat form a continuous mesh, as shown in the image to the left, from the microscopic strands of endomysium around individual muscle fibers, to the larger layers of perimysium that delineate bundles of muscle fibers, all being gathered and connected to the thick, strong epimysium on the surfaces of individual. Choose from 500 different sets of worksheet anatomy physiology tissue flashcards on Quizlet. Match the tissue type with the function. Histology", followed by 122 people on Pinterest.

Learn worksheet anatomy physiology tissue with free interactive flashcards. (Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan. _____ Basement membrane _____ Cell nucleus _____ Cilia _____ Connective tissue _____Goblet cell Muscle Connective Epithelial Nerve Epithelial Connective Epithelial Nerve Epithelial 2 1 5 3 4 Learn how to distinguish the 4 basic tissue types (Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Nervous.

Feb 11, 2015 - Explore h255's board "Chapter 5: Note that in a living cell, nutrients and __ O2 __ must enter the cell, while ___ CO2 __ and other wastes must leave the cell. I can identify the major muscles of the human body.; Epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle.

SCI 2031 A&P Chapter 3 Reading Guide-Cells and Tissues Section1: Epithelial tissue is a highly cellular tissue that overlies body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.In addition, specialized epithelial cells function as receptors for special senses (smell, taste, hearing, and vision).Epithelial cells are numerous, exist in close apposition to each other, and form specialized junctions to create a barrier between connective tissues and free surfaces. _____ forms membranes 2. Protection is another major function of connective tissue.

Learn anatomy and physiology chapter 4 with free interactive flashcards. Connective Tissues Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper Figure 4-8. Connective tissues perform many functions in the body, but most importantly, they support and connect other tissues; Which muscle tissue is found in blood vessel walls, in the gut wall and in glands?

From the connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle cells, to the tendons that attach muscles to bones, and to the skeleton that supports the positions of the body. Connective tissues include a wide variety of different tissues that function to protect, support and bind together other body tissues. Classical Conversations ~ Cycle 3 ~ Foundations ~ four types of connective tissue Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure function.The 4 primary tissue types: Striated muscle / tendon / smooth muscle / transitional epithelium / cardiac muscle 21.

(1) an extracellular matrix and (2) unique cells. In most cases, the matrix is made up of protein fibers like collagen and fibrin in a solid, liquid, or jellylike ground substance. From each tissue type, draw arrows (varies in number) to related types 4. - Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out..

Connective tissue disorders / diseases are actually a group of medical diseases. See more ideas about Anatomy and physiology, Physiology and Tissue types..

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Connective Muscle And Neural Tissues Coloring Worksheet - Zambia Business Times

Physiology

SQZ Biotech to Participate in June Investor Conferences – Business Wire

WATERTOWN, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--SQZ Biotechnologies (SQZ), a cell therapy company developing novel treatments for multiple therapeutic areas, today announced that Armon Sharei, PhD, chief executive officer, will be presenting at the following upcoming virtual investor conferences:

Jefferies Virtual Healthcare ConferenceTuesday, June 2, 2020Presentation Time: 3:30pm-3:55pm ET

Raymond James Human Health Innovations ConferenceWednesday, June 17, 2020Cell Therapy Panel Time: 12:00pm ET

Dr. Sharei and Teri Loxam, chief financial officer will also be holding one on one meetings during the conferences.

About SQZ Biotech

SQZ Biotech is a privately held clinical stage company developing transformative cell therapy candidates for patients with cancer and other serious diseases. Our proprietary approach to cell engineering, Cell Squeeze, physically squeezes cells through a microfluidic constriction to temporarily disrupt the cell membrane, allowing desired cargo to diffuse into the cell cytosol before the membrane reseals. We use this approach to deliver a broad range of biological material into diverse cell types to create multifunctional cell therapy candidates designed to direct specific immune responses. We believe Cell Squeeze technology may allow us to create rapidly scalable cell therapies that leverage natural physiology to improve therapeutic efficacy with favorable safety and tolerability. The SQZ technology could provide treatment options with advantages for patients across many diseases. For more information please visit http://www.sqzbiotech.com.

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SQZ Biotech to Participate in June Investor Conferences - Business Wire

Physiology

Did our drumming contribute to beating the Neanderthals? – Haaretz

Music elevates the soul; its sheer beauty can make us cry, whether our taste runs more to Beethoven, the Boomtown Rats or Sid Vicious. But what sends our hearts pulsing and sets the dance floor afire is the drumbeat. Now a groundbreaking study from Bar-Ilan University reveals that group drumming stimulates not only psychological frenzy but physiological synchronization: when given the task to drum in tandem, the group drummers heartbeat rates became synchronized.

Moreover, the synchronized drummers experienced heightened bonding, Dr. Ilanit Gordon of the Department of Psychology with Prof. Avi Gilboa and Dr. Shai Cohen of the Department of Music reported Thursday in Scientific Reports.

Possibly we humans have sensed that ecstasy and heightened bonding without recognizing the underlying physiology. Drumming including group drumming goes back very far; some believe even the great apes and early humans were drumming, in some fashion. (Though no that isnt a real gorilla drumming in the decidedly bizarre blockbuster Cadbury chocolate ad from 2016 but the sheer conceptualization is based on how much drumming moves us).

It does beg to be added that no evidence has been found, to date at least, of musical prowess among Neanderthals or other archaic humans; there is also much argument over what seem to be prehistoric flutes made of bones found in Europe that date back as much as 40,000 years ago and were associated with Homo sapiens. Some think they have to be flutes made of vulture or mammoth bones and so on, and can be used to make music. Others argue the holes were made by hyena teeth and the like.

There is a theory that giant basalt mortars dating to around 11,000 years ago found at Natufian burial sites in the Galilee werent used to crush grain (and/or to soften tough meat) but as a drum to summon the tribe.

One reason to suspect their usage as drums is that huge mortars built into the bedrock dont seem particularly useful as kitchenware. You cant just pick it up to shake out the flour. Another is their discovery in funeral contexts, leading to the thought that the tribe was indeed being summoned, but to a funeral.

Moving over to prehistoric Germany and eastern Europe, archaeologists investigating the funnel beaker culture (named for a particular pottery type) found numerous vessels that look like drums dating to 6,000 years ago.

Some even postulate that musical ability was key to the advantage Homo sapiens had over Neanderthals, noting its value as a form of communication, and that humans of all extant cultures sing and play music of some kind. Flutes may go back more than 40,000 years, though not all agree those bones with holes were musical instruments as opposed to the remains of a hyena's dinner. Also, we cannot possibly know if Neanderthals or other hominins trilled too; maybe they did.

No drummers were harmed in this experiment

In any case the flute can delight but the drum can send us into frenzies, and back at Bar-Ilan University in the year 2020, the team discovered actual synchronization of the heartbeat when drummers do it in tandem.

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Their next goal was to show that physiological synchronization bolsters bonding, Gordon explains to Haaretz, and no, it isnt obvious and hadnt been demonstrated before. There are reams of literature on groups and bonding but none demonstrating the physiological contribution to the behavior, she says.

This synchronization of heartbeat rates was observed during drumming tasks developed for the study, in a multidisciplinary collaboration between social-neuroscientists and scholars from the Music Department at Bar-Ilan.

The study tested51 groups of three drummers each, whose heartbeats were monitored by ECG. They used individual drumming pads in a shared electronic drum set.

Each test lasted four minutes. The base task was to match a tempo they could hear over speakers.

Half the drummer groups were played a tempo that was steady and predictable. The intent was for the drummers to produce synchronous sound.

The other half were played a tempo that kept changing, so their drumming couldnt match it and synchronize.

Then, following the structured drumming task, the participants were asked to jam to improvise drumming freely together.

Yes, the group that could match the steady drumbeat had greater heart-rate synchronization. But: heart-rate synchronization increased under both task conditions, Gordon says. It isnt the pace of drumming that causes the synchronization. Its being together and doing a cooperative task and having fun together and drumming together is in charge of the physiological synchronization, she explains.

Also, the groups with high physiological synchrony in the structured task showed more coordination in drumming in the improv session.

They looked into cause and effect and managed to rule out the possibility that it was the drumming at a specific rate causing the synchronized heartbeat rate. If it were otherwise they would get the same correlation between people who drum a given tempo simultaneously but not together, and people who drum together.

Clearly the correlation they received in the experiment was due to the actual interaction between the group members. Their physiological synchronization was beyond what could be expected randomly.

And no, Gordon says, the people unable to synchronize their drumming because of the uneven tempo they were hearing didnt deliver a cacophony. Nor did they suffer. No drummers were harmed in the making of this experiment.

We were careful [to ensure] that the experience would be pleasant and easy, Gordon reassures. It was challenging but not too frustrating.

Bottom line: the family that drums together can get their act together better, or as Bar-Ilan puts it: Analysis of the data demonstrated that the drumming task elicited an emergence of physiological synchronization in groups beyond what could be expected randomly. The behavioral synchronization and physiological synchronization was predictive of group cohesion including when performing a task later on.

We believe that joint music making constitutes a promising experimental platform for implementing ecological and fully interactive scenarios that capture the richness and complexity of human social interaction, says Prof. Gilboa, of the Department of Music, who co-authored the study. These results are particularly significant due to the crucial importance of groups to action, identity and social change in our world.

Perhaps the discovery of how powerfully drumming can affect us will improve the social standing of the drummer, commonly perceived as the weakest point in a bands creative palette, leaving Phil Collins aside. As in the joke, what were the drummers last words? Hey, lets try my song.

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Did our drumming contribute to beating the Neanderthals? - Haaretz

Physiology

Cells And Tissues Epithelium Coloring Worksheet – Zambia Business Times

Arteries to expand / skin to stretch / uterus to contract / bladder to stretch.

Cells and tissues epithelium coloring worksheet. The younger cells are cubodial and the older cells flatten out. Now well talk about this worksheet for toddlers ages two to six that will be very useful if youre trying to find out what is happening. / @tlrr (fkn (Ake 01 I I1 l [3 @ Chapter 5 Cells and Tissues 45 BQSY TESSUES 5" 17. Areas where epithelium is found 1.

If you are looking for a more correct coloring for a specific area, this coloring method may not be right for you. Tissue specialized in secreting cube shaped cell. Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances 6. Epithelia are classified on the basis of the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells in the surface layer.

However, for the large areas where you want a more natural look, this may be a perfect solution. Circle the correct answer: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY/Chapter 3-Cells & Tissues..

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY/Chapter 3-Cells & Tissues. The connective tissue and the epithelium are separated by a basement membrane. Worksheets are The muscular system, Activities for colors, Body tissues coloring work answers pdf, Marieb coloring answer, Chapter one introduction, Human body systems coloring 1 integumentary system, Coloring blood, Chapter 5 the integumentary system dermis and skin coloring. In this tissue worksheet, students answer 29 questions with multiple parts including matching, labeling, short answer and picture identification.

Simple columnar epithelium & pseudo stratified columnar epithelium. A collection of cells 2. Nervous tissue is located in nervous system structures - brain, spinal cord, and nerves ( Figure 3.8 ). Epithelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia See more..

Furthermore, the internal surfaces of blood and lymph vessels are lined by epithelium, here called endothelium. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD Last reviewed: Epithelia are avascular, but all epithelia "grow" on an underlying layer of vascular connective tissue. Other areas include the airways, the digestive tract, as.

Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? Tissues Review Worksheet 1. Cuboidal epithelium / squamous epithelium / transitional epithelium / columnar epithelium? The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, and it is made up of a single layer of squamous cells.

Forms the walls of capillaries. Once you find your worksheet. Basis of the major controlling system of the body 7. The cells in simple squamous epithelium have the appearance of thin scales.

Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell. Topics include types of tissues, functions of tissues and structures of tissues. Molly Smith DipCNM, mBANT Reviewer: Chapter 3 cells review key this is a review worksheet intended to help you study the powerpoint and in class notes we have discussed.

View Homework Help - Body Tissues Worksheet from ANATOMY Human Anat at Murrah High School. Epithelia are tissues consisting of closely apposed cells without intervening intercellular substances. Displaying all worksheets related to - Tissue Color Pages. The inside of blood vessels is lined with:

Epithelial / connective / muscle / nervous 3. Quizzes and free worksheets . Epithelial tissue worksheet anatomy. The cells of this tissue shorten to exert force 8.

May 29, 2014 - 4 types of tissue, with "coloring page" type graphic. A collection of cells 2. Start studying Epithelial Tissue Matching. Circle the correct answer:

After ingesting bacteria or other debris, phagocytes must digest them, explaining the abundant lysosomes. Transitional epithelium allows the: Were laid down many centuries ago / are more important than other tissues / consist of several layers of cells / always occur in straight lines. The four major tissue types are:

Cuboidal epithelium / squamous epithelium / transitional epithelium / columnar epithelium? Imagini pentru pictures of cells and tissues Histological images of various tissues in the body Unit 3 Evolution and Diversity of Life Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free.. 97 Best Cells And Tissues Images In 2017 Life Science Cell Chapter 3 cells and tissues using the key choices correctly identify the maor tissue types described enter the appropriate letter or tissue type term. Stratified Cuboidal typically 2 cell layers and Columnar Epithelium-basal cells vary in size and shape----both types rare in body-mostly in ducts of large glands..

An Epithelial Tissue Coloring Worksheet can be used on the entire body or just a selected area at a time. Neurons are important in control of body processes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Transmits electrochemical impulses 4.

Epithelium also forms much of the glandular tissue of the body. Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? The four major tissue types are: Skin is not the only area of the body exposed to the outside.

Learn skin chapter 4 anatomy physiology coloring with free interactive flashcards. Mitochondria are the site of most synthesis and muscle cells use tremendous amounts of ATP during contraction. Epithelium also lines the large internal body cavities, where it is termed mesothelium. Kidney Coloring Worksheet Answers - This.

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Cells And Tissues Epithelium Coloring Worksheet - Zambia Business Times

Physiology

Human Growth Hormone Treatment After ACL Injury May Prevent Loss of Muscle Strength – Michigan Medicine

After experiencing an ACL injury, many athletes find they cant return to play with the same vigor as before their injury. But, a new study, published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, finds human growth hormone (HGH) treatment after ACL reconstructive surgery may prevent the loss of muscle strength in the knee.

While modern surgical techniques can reconstruct ACLs in a minimally invasive way, the associated muscle atrophy can be a greater challenge to overcome, says Asheesh Bedi, M.D., senior author of the study, chief of sports medicine and shoulder surgery at Michigan Medicine and director of the Michigan Center for Human Athletic Medicine and Performance (MCHAMP).

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Residual atrophy can slow or limit the safe return to the prior level of competition, and contribute to risk of re-injury and even arthritis.

HGH, a hormone within the body, helps cells and tissues grow and regenerate. HGH supplements are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and in collegiate and professional sports.

When you hear of athletes taking HGH drugs when they are healthy, its considered doping because they are essentially trying to overproduce the hormone and bulk their muscles and tissues as a competitive advantage, says Christopher Mendias, Ph.D., ATC, the lead author of the study, an adjunct associate professor of orthopaedic surgery at Michigan Medicine and an associate scientist in the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program at the Hospital for Special Surgery.

Bedi and Mendias hypothesized that administering HGH supplements to injured athletes may activate HGH within the body to target the ACL tear and prevent the knee muscles from losing strength.

Even after rehabilitation, many patients have muscles that are 30 to 40% weaker when they return to sports compared to their pre-surgery strength, Mendias says.

The researchers examined 19 male athletes, ages 18 to 35, with ACL tears who were scheduled for ACL reconstruction surgery at Michigan Medicine. The study participants were randomly assigned to self-inject HGH or a placebo solution into their lower abdominal muscles twice daily over a six-week period, beginning one week prior to surgery. The research team excluded collegiate, professional or elite athletes from the study because of the substance ban, as well as patients with diabetes, as developing type 2 diabetes is a side effect of HGH supplements.

Prescription HGH is only available for treating growth hormone deficiency syndromes and cant be used off-label without approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. By obtaining an investigational new drug exemption from the FDA, the research team was able to administer the drug to study enrollees.

Other Michigan Medicine faculty and graduate students contributing to the study include Tariq Awan, D.O., an assistant professor of orthopaedic surgery, Ariel Barkan, M.D., a professor of internal medicine, James Carpenter, M.D., a professor and former chair of orthopaedic surgery, Joel Gagnier, N.D., Ph.D., an associate professor of orthopaedic surgery, Jonathan Gumucio, Ph.D., a graduate student in molecular and integrative physiology, and Jon Jacobson, M.D., a professor of radiology. The multidisciplinary team assured a rigorous scientific approach and the highest level of safety to the study.

The research team found the HGH injections did appear to have an effect after measuring knee muscle strength and volume, patient-reported outcomes, such as pain and symptoms, and analyzing biomarkers in blood samples from the injured athletes versus individuals without an ACL tear.

While HGH did not appear to affect muscle volume or our patient-reported outcome scores, we found a 29% higher knee extension strength in our patients that had performed the HGH injections compared to those in the placebo group, Bedi says.

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Examining the blood analyses revealed other signs of muscle and cartilage change. Patients who performed the HGH treatments had a 2.1-fold increase in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a protein similar to insulin that plays an important role in muscle growth. In addition, their blood samples indicated a 36% lower level of matrix metalloproteinase3 (MMP3), an enzyme that breaks down proteins during growth processes in the body. MMP3 was an indirect biomarker of cartilage wear down in the study.

We observed a consistent reduction in MMP3 in the HGH group from the first through the 12th post-operative weeks, Mendias says. This finding suggests a potential protective effect of HGH after ACL reconstruction and that we should look more closely at its potential for cartilage healing in further studies.

Bedi and Mendias hope the results of this study allow for revisiting reevaluation of the World Anti-Doping Agency and sports agencies ban on HGH.

Perhaps athletes could petition for a Therapeutic Use Exception, which allows a banned substance for a medically-appropriate reason, to prevent loss of muscle strength after ACL reconstruction, Mendias says. Treatment occurs during a time when athletes are not playing due to their injuries. The goal is to prevent muscle weakness, not make athletes stronger than they were before their injuries. Any small performance-enhancing effects of human growth hormone seem to wear off quickly after stopping the medication, and does not offer a competitive advantage.

The research team notes that further studies into HGH are needed.

We hope to build upon this research with future studies that include larger cohorts of athletes with broader demographics, Bedi says.

Mendias adds, Further studies would also allow us to petition the FDA to approve the addition of orthopedic injuries as an on-label indication for the drug.

The study was supported by funding provided by the Mark Cuban Foundation and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, a branch of the National Institutes of Health.

Paper cited: The Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Protect Against Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, The American Journal of Sports Medicine. DOI: 10.1177/0363546520920591.

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Human Growth Hormone Treatment After ACL Injury May Prevent Loss of Muscle Strength - Michigan Medicine

Physiology

NEARLY THERE BUT NOT QUITE: International Guest Falls on Hard Times – The Westender

Stories, stories, stories. Theyre all around us and in Kurilpa the diversity of stories seems endlessly amazing if not bewildering.

Yoav is here with us for his second time now. Israel born and raised, Yoav was living in Chicago when he and his wife and child decided to come and join us in Kurilpa. At the age of 31 it was time to follow his dream by adding a physiotherapy degree to the exercise physiology qualification hed already achieved. It was also a time for bad news.

He opened the letter while sitting in a lecture at our University of Queensland, the one confirming that the growing weakness in his legs was in fact due to a rare form of muscular dystrophy (Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy or LGMD2A). That was three years ago.

But you have to just get on with it, Yoav says.

And he did; completing his course work and then going back to Chicago in 2019 for one of his practical placements. Then in January this year, with impeccable timing, he returned to Kurilpa.

As we sat together talking at The Jacaranda Coffee Lane I could see the enthusiasm in his eyes as he told me there was no question about where to complete his final placement.

It had to be West End. This is such a great place. Its a real community and the people here seem to really care about each other.

Where we lived in Chicago it was like that, although you dont get the gang violence that we do over there.

It had to be West End even though the news last time wasnt so good. And it still has to be West End even though the bad news has kept coming. This time the Covid-19 crisis hit and we know how that has left our international student guests. But to make matters worse Yoav received word from his wife that she wants a divorce.

So, armed with exactly $1,012 to his name, Yoav is facing a difficult future being part of our community. Yoavs four housemates cant carry him for much longer as they all are students as well, and their financial circumstances arent all that much better than his. International students are falling through the cracks of Government support and the logistics of getting back to Chicago, finding employment, avoiding Covid-19, and transferring a course of study that is a 5 weeks placement away from completion, is a bridge too far.

This Kurilpa story comes to you care of a number of connections and chance meetings. Yoav queues up for help at Wednesdays Food Bank on Boundary Street. Sandi Trembath, one of our local Police officers, helps him and his wheelchair to the front of the queue (Sandi is an angel at a time when my trust in people was shattered, Sandy helped me regain some trust in people around me.). Sandi hears his story and thinks of me because Ive tried to arrange help for international students in the past. I call Jan at The Westender to tee up this article and here we are after a chat with Yoav at The Jac. Thats community!

So, if there are folks amongst us who can help Yoav take some good news with him when he finally makes it back to Chicago heres what he might need:

Offers of help can be sent to Yoav via the author at buzolica@ozemail.com.au

Image by Jan Bowman Yoav with Adrian Buzilic

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NEARLY THERE BUT NOT QUITE: International Guest Falls on Hard Times - The Westender

Physiology

Employees Share What They’re Cooking During the Pandemic – Duke Today

Like many of us, Lindsay Gordon-Faranda is spending more time in the kitchen during the coronavirus pandemic.

Gordon-Faranda and her husband Jon Faranda find themselves in the kitchen nearly every night trying out new recipes from Bon Apptit magazine. Theyve made focaccia bread, tofu and vegetable curry and roast chicken. A favorite: vegetable ramen, a dish of noodles, vegetables and eggs in a flavorful broth.

Jon and I went to Japan last year after years of planning, said Gordon-Faranda, senior public relations specialist for Duke Childrens Development. Cooking Japanese food and other cuisines has been a way to transport us while were stuck at home.

Many of us are cooking at home more than ever during these stressful times. Hunter Public Relations, a firm in New York City, Los Angeles and London that works with food, beverage and retail brands, published a study in April noting that 54 percent of Americans are cooking more than they did before the pandemic. Of course, cooking at home saves money and brings comfort. Home cooks have been busy documenting their creations using hashtags on social media such as COVIDCooking and QuarantineCooking.

Heres what some Duke employees are cooking at home during COVID-19.

Tiarra WadeAssistant Dean of Students, DukeReach

Tiarra Wade didnt let COVID-19 stop her tradition of making a bunny cake.

Ever since her 7-year-old daughter Amaya was born, Wade has made a cake and decorated it into the shape of a bunny for Easter.

Wade begins with two chocolate cakes. She slices one into the shape of ears and uses another for the bunnys face. Amaya then spreads her moms homemade buttercream on the cakes and sprinkles shredded coconut on the icing. Wade and Amaya top it off with jelly beans, sprinkles and Twizzlers for the face and bow-tie.

Its been really fun to watch my daughter get more involved with baking every year, Wade said. Ill always cherish our time together in the kitchen.

Rupal VoraSenior Associate for Contracts Management, Duke Clinical Research Institute

Rupal Vora has been creating her favorite restaurant meals at home.

Vora has made spinach lasagna, vegetarian tacos and grain bowls with corn, black beans and avocado. But her favorite meal has been a replication of her go-to dishes from the Indo-Chinese restaurant, Wok on Fire, in Cary.

Indo-Chinese dishes merge the spices and cooking techniques of Chinese and Indian cuisine.

Vora whipped up Hakka noodles, boiled noodles stir-fried with vegetables and sauces; vegetable Manchurian, minced vegetables that are formed into balls, fried and covered in a sweet or spicy sauce; and chili paneer, a stir-fried dish with Indian cheese.

These are all dishes I would normally pick-up as takeout, Vora said. Being at home has made me a more adventurous cook.

Matt ClouesDirector of Alumni and Leadership Giving, Duke Annual Fund

Matt Cloues favorite kitchen tool is his cast-iron skillet.

Cloues fries eggs, cooks strip steak and makes chicken pot pie topped with Pillsbury biscuits in the 10-inch skillet he bought five years ago.

If I was stranded on a desert island, I would take my skillet, Cloues said. I can cook almost anything on it.

In May, he made a skillet shepherds pie. The traditional British dish is a mix of ground beef, peas, carrots, green beans and mashed potatoes.

I think everyone is looking for little rays of sunshine right now, Cloues said. For better or worse, mine is cooking and eating.

Ginny LeeManager for Release of Information, Health Information Management Department of Duke Health System

Cooking has been a bonding experience for Ginny Lee and her 8-year-old daughter, Mary.

A few nights each week they turn off the TV, Lee leaves her phone behind and they gather in the kitchen to make pretzels, sourdough bread and, their favorite recipe so far, ravioli.

Lee made the ravioli dough using flour and eggs and filled the pasta with ricotta, parmesan and broccoli. Lee shaped the pasta using a stamping mold her grandmother, Virginia Beattie, gave her.

Its a great feeling to know the ravioli making was such a family process, Lee said. Its a way to remember my grandmother while creating new memories with my daughter.

Maggie NguyenBiostatistician, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute

Despite making cheesecakes and various cookies for friends and colleagues for years, Maggie Nguyen stayed away from bread.

I was intimated by the kneading, said Nguyen, referring to the process of working the dough with your hands to develop structure in the final product.

She found a way to bypass that step with a no-kneed Dutch oven bread recipe from The New York Times. Nguyen has made the bread three times during the pandemic. She eats it with homemade honey butter, makes a grilled cheese sandwich or tops it with tomatoes and olive oil for bruschetta.

My world will never be the same, Nguyen said. The bread is so delicious.

Ashley LunnProgram Coordinator for Disability Services and Program Management, Duke Divinity School

Ashley Lunns favorite meal during these challenging times came about by mistake.

Lunns husband went to the grocery store to pick up a chuck roast and came back with a 6-pound beef brisket. Lunn called her dad, who lives outside Dallas, for help.

Brisket is a big thing in Texas so I knew he would have some tips, Lunn said.

Lunns dad gave her a homemade recipe that required overnight seasoning and a 7-hour cooking process. The final product instantly became a family-favorite recipe.

Its a perfect dish to make when youre stuck in the house since it cooks for so long, Lunn said. It was so good that my husband went and bought another.

What are you cooking and baking while isolating? Let us know below:

Help share the proactive and extensive work being done by all Duke community members during the COVID-19 outbreak. Send ideas, shout-outs and photographs with ushereor write us atworking@duke.edu.

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Employees Share What They're Cooking During the Pandemic - Duke Today

Human Behavior

‘Mad Men’: A Complete Guide to Watching the Series – Vulture

I have a long history with Mad Men. I wrote episode reviews for Vulture and The New Republic. I published longer essays about the series in the print edition of New York Magazine, and stand-alone pieces in other venues. Throughout season seven, I went on radio programs and podcasts to talk about the show. Given all this, when I decided to publish a book about the show, Mad Men Carousel and then, years later, during the 2020 pandemic, started writing about the series yet again my friends would ask, Havent you had enough?

The answer is no. Because Mad Men is built to last.

Every episode is packed with comic and dramatic moments; period-accurate clothes and hairstyles and music; imaginative, hilarious, often deeply moving performances; and screenwriting that depicts the complexities and contradictions of the human personality with more insight and empathy than any American series to date. Its a drama about how individuals are and are not affected by the local, national, and international history thats constantly unfolding around them. Its a psychodrama about how our personalities are shaped by our parents, our lovers, our friends, our bosses, and everyone else we know, as well as by people weve never met but feel as if we know: the politicians, civil-rights leaders, athletes, movie stars, musicians, and other icons who inspire, entertain, confound, and sometimes anger us as we muddle through our daily lives. Its also a series with an unusually strong affinity for mythology, spirituality, religion, psychoanalysis, pop psychology, literature, poetry, cinema, and all the other means by which human experience is transformed into narrative. And at every level the scene, the episode, the season, and in total it is a masterpiece of construction, filled with major and minor bits of foreshadowing and recollection, lines and images seeming to answer each other across time.

And even as it manages to do, and be, all of these things and others, it entertains. Really entertains. Its exciting, sexy, sometimes sad, but above all else, its funny: a show that inflicts so much darkness on its characters is obligated to offer a bit of light as compensation, otherwise we wouldnt go near it.

The fifth anniversary of the series finale this month coincides with a global pandemic, during which many viewers are revisiting the show, or watching it for the first time. For those seeking a critical companion, weve gathered the best of ourMad Mencoverage in one place.The season-one recaps here are republished from Mad Men Carousel. (Editors note: Vulture was slow to catch on to Mad Men and did not recap season one.) Recaps of seasons two through four were written by my former colleague Logan Hill, who preceded me at Vulture on this particular beat. I recapped the series beginning in season five and continued through the finale. Most of them were written in the moment, without the benefit of an advance screener, and often published within hours of an episodes debut. As a result, they can have a spontaneous quality and occasionally offer speculations about future plot developments that were eventually validated or proven wrong (sometimes wildly so).

What emerges, for me anyway, after reading and writing eight years worth of Mad Men recaps, is the astonishing sturdiness of Matthew Weiners series. As many times as Ive watched it as I write this, Ive seen every episode at least five times, sometimes more I always notice new things, be they micro (when these New Yorkers go to California, they always come back a bit sunburned) to the macro (certain behavior patterns in the characters are mirrored by whats happening in the nation over time). While the series deals with history head-on, it mostly avoids the temptation to explain what it all meant, preferring to view the biggest events obliquely, cutting their potency by having characters hear the big news late, or at a moment when their own personal problems seem much larger. This rings true to life. Sometimes, to paraphrase Casablanca, our individual stories amount to hills of beans, and other times they take precedence (unless the news is so shocking and enormous that it brings life to a temporary standstill).

The show likes letting its characters just be. Fascinated as it clearly is by Freud and Jung and the Bible and the tarot deck, it is ultimately anti-theory. Its about human behavior occurring in the moment. It doesnt explain. It observes. Its not about the period; its about the question mark.

The preceding piece was adapted from Matt Zoller Seitzs 2015 criticism anthology Mad Men Carousel.

What Critics Said About Mad Men When It First Premiered

Jon Hamm on the Future of Mad Men

Emily Nussbaum on Pete Campbells Poignant Crumminess

How Joans Rape Changed Everything

Mad Men Replaces Bobby Draper, Again

The Arrangements Is the Quintessential Mad Men Episode

Why Mad Men Is Even More Addicting in Its Third Season

A Season-Three Postmortem With Emily Nussbaum and Logan Hill

Interviews with: Rich Sommer, Vincent Kartheiser, Elisabeth Moss, Christina Hendricks

Why Do the Writers Make Betty Draper Such a Monster?

What Makes Mad Men Great

Interviews: Cara Buono, Elisabeth Moss, Jared Harris, Matthew Weiner

Whats Really Happening When Mad Mens Characters Sing

In Defense of Fat Betty Draper

No One Should Be Shocked by Joans Big Move

How Suicide Has Haunted Mad Men Since Season One

Pete Campbell Is Just a Failed Don Draper

Mad Men Is a Comedy

Jon Hamm Picks His Favorite Season-Five Episode

Interviews: Jessica Par, Jared Harris, John Slattery

Does Don Draper Want to Be Every Woman He Sleeps With?

Mad Men Is the Most Anti-Pregnancy Show Ever

How The Crash Retells My Old Kentucky Home

Tracing the Troubled History of Peggy and Joan

Not Great, Bob!: The Making of Mad Mens Greatest Meme

Everyone Gets Tired of Don, Including Don

Interviews: Elisabeth Moss, Matthew Weiner

Mad Men Doesnt Believe in Love

Every Big Change at Sterling Cooper

Has There Ever Been a More Mad Men Song Than Is That All There Is?

How the Mad Men Pilot Predicted the Final Episodes

The Coke Ad: What You Need to Know to Understand the Finale

Mad Men Understood Human Behavior Better Than Any Other Show

The Vulture TV Podcast: On the End of Mad Men

Margaret Lyonss Episodic Close Reads: The Runaways, The Strategy, Waterloo, New Business, The Forecast, Time & Life, Lost Horizon, The Milk and Honey Route, Person to Person

Interviews: Vincent Kartheiser, Robert Morse, Ben Feldman, John Slattery, Matthew Weiner, Elisabeth Moss, Elizabeth Reaser, Aaron Staton, Stephanie Drake, Alison Brie, Jay R. Ferguson

Link:
'Mad Men': A Complete Guide to Watching the Series - Vulture

Human Behavior

How COVID-19 Has Affected Waste Across the Globe – waste360

Changes in human behavior directly affect waste patterns and there is nothing like a global pandemic to test that theory. These fluctuations in waste can wreak havoc for waste collectors, but having data to direct operational resources is key to managing these fluctuations with maximum efficiency and quality.

With that in mind, we reached out to one of Waste360s 40 Under 40 winners,Geoffrey Aardsma, VP of client services at Enevo.Enevo works with its customers to transform the financial, environmental and social impact of waste. Aardsma and his team are charged with delivering value by combining groundbreaking data analytics with deep industry knowledge.

Here are some insights into a recent Enevo report that looked at a number of ways the COVID-19 safety protocols have affected waste across the globe.They looked at three of their waste generators that span geography and sector, including:

Enevo compared their waste from March and April 2019 to the same timing in 2020. Heres a deeper dive into the results.

Waste360: What has surprised you the most about the waste behavioral changes youve tracked?

There hasnt been a uniform response to the pandemic across sectors. Each container we monitor has demonstrated a unique response. Weve had a restaurant client return their sales to pre-quarantine numbers through takeout only -- so theyve had higher waste production than other restaurants we monitor. Even amongst our neighborhood containers, some produce more than others. Individual container insight has been crucial for our customers when adjusting schedules and routes.

Waste360: With the smart city example, what specific changes were made as a result of your data?

The European smart city has had to add more trucks to service communal containers as a result of the increase in residential waste. Data insight created a targeted response in increased resources and prevented an overcorrection. The city was able to commit the exact number of required resources.

With a quarantine restriction in play and more trucks and staff hired, the smart city employed more stringent safety protocols. Our tech eliminates unnecessary collections so we can reduce opportunities for exposure. Additionally, with automatically optimized schedules and routes, they arent rushed and can take the time to conduct collections as safely as possible.

Waste360: Do more routes and pickups present challenges if the city is densely constructed and populated, with narrow streets?

Every route has challenges, data helps users navigate them. Theres currently less traffic on the roads, but other factors are playing a bigger role: more collections, weight-based restrictions, time-based restrictions, and minimum frequencies. Our tech automatically responds to these restrictions while creating an appropriate collection schedule and route, so our haulers have been able to adjust accordingly -- in European alleyways or rural America.

Waste360: Are you seeing differences between American behavior and European?

In Europe, many larger cities use communal containers (typically just a block away) where people can collectively bring their waste and source separate their recyclables. These containers can be either large side- or rear-loading containers, up to 3.2m in size or even larger semi- or fully underground containers, up to 5-6m.

These units are easier to track and plan for collections than the common residential cart systems common in the U.S. With a higher capacity, there is more natural compaction and therefore less rapid fill than the smaller capacity carts.

We see trends that are consistent across European and American waste generation. A shift in waste generation from commercial to residential presents collectors with the challenge of how to also adjust their resources to match the demand.

Waste360: What were the biggest changes with the convenience store?

The convenience store subscribes to scheduled weekly collections based on their unique waste trends. As the weather warmed, they were preparing for the expected seasonal increase wed detected years past. Instead, they had to plan a decrease in service due to the COVID-19 safety measures.

We had never seen a pandemic, so it was difficult to anticipate exactly how many collections were still necessary. The convenience store relied solely on our automated schedule optimization tool, which allowed them to analyze trends during the early weeks of the safety measures and quickly adjust services.

Waste360: What were the biggest changes with the university?

The university uses the Enevo system to execute their on-campus collections, so theyve reduced collections in line with reductions in generation. This has allowed them to dedicate resources to other campus needs, like increased cleaning and safety protocols.

Waste360: Getting any sense if the waste being generated is bulkier? Heavier?

We have not seen or heard any of the haulers report any major shifts in average weight.

Waste360: Generally, residential has been up and commercial has been down for the past couple of months. Is that what you are seeing and is the trash taking up less space?

Our waste data is measured in volume. As we track fluctuations in waste, its in terms of space in the container. Our sensor can measure waste in 130+ container types, so its difficult to generalize volume across containers (especially with so many current extraneous variables). What we are seeing is an increase in residential waste volumes and a decrease in commercial volumes.

Waste360: Whats been the biggest efficiency change?

The biggest efficiency change for Enevo haulers has been in resourcing their operations given the shift in waste volumes and increased safety protocols leaving less time per route for collections.

Waste data has been crucial in matching generator behavior. Weve been able to adjust accurately and have the ability to re-adjust very quickly based on true needs.

Waste360: Is weather any significant variable in the comparisons?

Its harder to measure the current impact of weather with so many other outstanding variables. Currently, we only track year-over-year waste trends. Our sensors do measure temperature, but we havent yet normalized the data for weather patterns. However, we know that weather has a significant impact on waste generation (both commercial and residential) as it drives consumer behavior. We are working on these analytics as part of our product roadmap.

Waste360: Are you tracking recycling bins as well? Are people recycling a larger or smaller percentage than before?And if so, what does that look like?

Were seeing a general increase in residential waste and recycling.

There hasnt really been an uniform recycling response, but we have noticed considerable upticks in certain areas. In a few of our community multi-source recycling bins, glass bottles and cans are significantly higher. This indicates a possible increase in beverage consumption in particular.

Waste360: Will you continue to monitor this and report back?

Always. We have 40,000 active sensors collecting data in real time for our customers. They use the data to tackle their services in the most efficient and sustainable manner possible. Our broader data insights are a happy side effect. We have billions of data points, so were always eager to share. Waste behavior is human behavior.

Link:
How COVID-19 Has Affected Waste Across the Globe - waste360