Burnham recognized by national microbiology society – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

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Honored for research and leadership in clinical microbiology

Burnham

Carey-Ann D. Burnham, PhD, a professor of pathology and immunology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has received the Award for Research and Leadership in Clinical Microbiology from the American Society for Microbiology. The award recognizes an outstanding scientist and clinical microbiologist with distinguished research achievements and a record of innovation who has advanced the profession of clinical microbiology.

Also a professor of medicine, of molecular microbiology and of pediatrics, Burnhams research focuses on antimicrobial resistance. She is particularly interested in how multidrug-resistant organisms arise and spread, especially within hospitals, and in developing novel diagnostic methods for detecting drug-resistant strains of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.

Burnham is the medical director of clinical microbiology at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, as well as the program director for the universitys postdoctoral fellowship training program in medical and public health microbiology, and the vice chair of faculty mentoring and advancement in the Department of Pathology & Immunology. Currently, she is part of the leadership team developing diagnostic and antibody tests for COVID-19.

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Burnham recognized by national microbiology society - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Dispersed across globe, Brown community finds connection through ‘Dank Stash of Memes’ – The Brown Daily Herald

Richard Bungiro PhD99, senior lecturer in molecular microbiology and immunology, structures his course BIOL 0530: Principles of Immunology around pop culture themes. He challenges students to untangle the hypothetical immunological functions of a Terminator or a dragon. He has an antibody tattooed on his wrist. And he makes memes, which he posts on a Facebook page frequented by hundreds of his current and former students.

Whats your favorite administrative euphemism for global pandemic? Bungiro asked in one of his recent posts. These trying times. These difficult times. These uncertain times. These challenging times. Protect the endowment at all times.

He posted the meme to Brown Dank Stash of Memes for S/NC Teens, a Facebook page where over 20,000 members upload and interact with Brown-related meme content. Over the past four years, the page has become a cultural touchstone for students at Brown. Now, with campus closed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the meme page has helped recreate community for students isolated in their homes. The memes themselves have become a form of communication, of transmitting meaning, that is uniquely suited to the digital existence the Brown community has adopted.

I think people really want to feel like theyre part of a community, Bungiro said. Being on that page and some of the other ones, I think its a way for people to retain a little piece of what were all missing so much right now.

Memes emerged as a cultural phenomenon in the early 2000s, taking the internet and college campuses alike by storm. The word meme was coined to describe elements of culture that propagate through society, particularly through imitation, and are stuck easily to humorous images created and shared through the internet.

Right now this is one of the only public forums that Brown students have as a community, said Lucy Duda 20, a senior administrator of the page as well as a moderator of The Ivy League Meme Consortium, a similar Facebook page with over 100,000 members focused on Ivy League content. Weve really tried to make the meme page a space for public discourse in the community and a way for people to find common ground and bond over how terrible a lot of things have been.

Duda became a moderator of Browns meme page in the fall of 2016, when the page only had a few hundred members. She has seen it grow ever since. In honor of the page hitting 20,000 members, Duda recently made a new cover photo reading Brown Digital Space Main Green.

Throughout the quarantine, memes have poked fun at decisions from the University administration and questioned, often sarcastically, whether students will return to campus this fall. There has also been an influx of more comical content, such as a group of cel-shaded bears dancing to Smash Mouth. Beneath those boogying bears and agitated students lie hundreds of comments of friends tagging each other and reaching out, despite distance and uncertainty, hoping to make each other laugh.

The undertone is very much that things suck, but we can do this, said Elliott Lehrer 21, who has posted memes since he was accepted to Brown three years ago.

Hannah Kierszenbaum 20, who spent her senior spring on College Hill with a few friends, said the meme page has helped keep her connected to the greater Brown community. I relate to it and look at it more now that were in quarantine, she said. It is a subpar situation for everybody so its cathartic to know that other people are also struggling.

These memes will endure beyond the pandemic. Researchers at the University are archiving them at the request of the administrative team behind Brown Dank Stash of Memes for S/NC Teens. Nationally, the Library of Congress is doing the same for other meme content.

John Fenn, contributor to the Library of Congress web archive and head of research and programs at the American Folklife Center, emphasized the communal power of this form of communication, which he defines as narrative, visual communication, contemporary humor that arises out of a collective sense of something, even if its not a collective experience.

Its a fascinating kind of archaeology, Fenn said. Its the archeology of right now.

Andrew Majcher, head of digital services and records management in the John Hay Library, agreed with Fenn.

Especially with the way the COVID crisis has been going, its one of the more poignant ways we can gauge how the student body is feeling about whats going on, Majcher said.

Majcher added that the meme page, along with other pages like Poems from a University Quarantine, might be included in a future University library project on digital documentation of the pandemic.

The lasting impact of the meme page has come as a surprise for Dylan Garcia 20, who co-founded the meme group four years ago.

At the beginning, I thought it was just going to be general memes, Garcia said, who thought that around 2,000 members would join, one-tenth of its current following. He didnt know that the page would end up putting a voice on some issues.

The typical end of the year atop College Hill is Spring Weekend, packed libraries, finals and a stately procession through the Van Wickle Gates. Not this year; no crowded moshes, no late nights in the Rock and Commencement was a half-hour online. Bungiro captured that transition and his feelings toward the community in a meme, composed of a photo of the gates above a photo of his orange couch at home.

Not much snark or spicy in this meme, my friends just sincere gratitude for the students of Brown, the caption reads. You matter, and you constantly remind me why it matters.

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Dispersed across globe, Brown community finds connection through 'Dank Stash of Memes' - The Brown Daily Herald

CSU cancer researcher named 2020 Boettcher Investigator – Source

Dan Regan, an assistant professor in Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, was recently selected to receive the Boettcher Foundations 2020 Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Award.

The award supports promising early-career scientific investigators, allowing them to establish their independent research and make it competitive for major federal and private grants.Recipients, known as Boettcher Investigators, are awarded $235,000 to sustain up to three years of biomedical research. Regan joins seven other recipients from five of Colorados top research institutions and is the 12th scientist at Colorado State University to receive the award.

I am grateful to the Boettcher Foundation for their commitment to biomedical research, said Regan. This award provides a fantastic opportunity to gain momentum and make an impact in my field.

This class of Boettcher Investigators are the example of Colorados innovation in bioscience research that aims to improve our preparation, response, and deepen our knowledge of human health issues, said Katie Kramer, president, and CEO of the Boettcher Foundation. We are proud to support their expert work at this significant juncture in their research careers.

Regans work in metastatic cancer research at his Investigational Pathology Lab at the Flint Animal Cancer Center caught the attention of the Boettcher Foundation.

Many types of cancer, in both pets and people, spread to the lungs, Regan said. Once cancer progresses, we have few treatment options. My work focuses on looking at tumor metastasis through the lens of the tumor microenvironment.

Regan has spent the last decade examining the tumor microenvironment and why some sites in the body promote tumor growth. He explains his work with a simple analogy known as the seed and soil theory. He wants to understand how cancer cells (seeds) know where to find welcoming locations to take root (soil).

With the Boettcher Investigator award, Regan is taking a new approach to his study of metastatic disease. In a unique application, Regan is looking at cells retrieved from the lungs using a diagnostic procedure called bronchoalveolar lavage. The technique uses fluid to wash the lungs and extracts the fluid for examination. Regan has reason to believe certain types of recovered cells have the potential to signal an early warning of tumor metastasis.

Todays imaging technology, such as CT scans, detects tumors, but it can be too late, he said. Biopsies are very invasive. Using this procedure, if we can find earlier clues, we can better guide treatment and hopefully improve patient outcomes.

Building on his preliminary work, Regan plans to spend the next several months gathering additional data from donated human cells and mouse models. The goal is to identify which cell type offers the best signature for early detection.

In addition to laboratory study, the award supports a small clinical trial in dogs with Osteosarcoma, a disease in which 80% of patients experience lung metastasis. Regan will focus on patients who do not appear to have pulmonary tumors based on imaging. Using bronchoalveolar lavage, he will collect patient samples to look for red flags in the retrieved cells. He expects the trial to start sometime next year.

I am grateful to the Boettcher Foundation for their support and taking a chance on a higher risk concept that I believe has the power to pay real dividends for pet and human health, Regan said.

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CSU cancer researcher named 2020 Boettcher Investigator - Source

To vax or not to vax: Pitt scientist discusses importance of vaccines – The Times

A recent poll shows that half of Americans say theyll get a COVID-19 vaccination when it becomes available.

Only about half of Americans in a recent poll say theyll get a COVID-19 vaccination when it becomes available, according to a recent study. A Pittsburgh-based immunology expert said he hopes they change their minds.

The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that if a vaccine against coronavirus becomes available to the public, only about half of those polled said they plan to get vaccinated; 20 percent said they will not; and about a third of those polled are not sure.

I advocate vaccines. They clearly have been shown to be safe in multiple studies, said Dr. William Klimstra, a professor of immunology at the University of Pittsburgh, during a Facebook Live discussion with Auditor General Eugene DePasquale. You just have to basically accept when you have essentially universal consensus among people who should know about something, in this case that vaccines are safe.

The top reason folks said they would be less inclined to get the vaccine is because of safety, particularly fear of potential side effects of the vaccine.

Seven out of 10 people polled who do not plan to get the vaccine said they are concerned about the side effects with nearly half being concerned with contracting the coronavirus. About one in three said they are not concerned about getting seriously ill from the virus.

Dr. William Klimstra, who works in the Department of Immunology and the Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Department at the University of Pittsburgh, is a member of the Center for Virus Research. An advocate of vaccines, he has been involved in several previous vaccine designs.

Klimstra spoke with Pennsylvania Auditor General Eugene DePasquale during a Facebook Live session on Wednesday and said the anti-vaccine rhetoric on social media and parts of the internet should not be accepted by anybody who thinks about this critically.

Were in an environment right now where long-standing excepted truths are being challenged through social media and other things, he said. Ive read a lot of the anti-vaccine literature and things that are on the internet, and people seem to feel Big Pharma is promoting these things and then scientists because they get grants. They have been compromised because of Big Pharma.

Klimstra said that vaccines are advocated by doctors, because theyre proven to be safe and effective.

I advocate vaccines. They clearly have been shown to be safe in multiple studies, he said. You just have to basically accept when you have essentially universal consensus among people who should know about something, in this case that vaccines are safe.

One argument against vaccines is that it causes autism, which Klimstra says, has been debunked completely.

Safety is scientists foremost priority when it comes to vaccine creation, Klimstra said. This is why its taking months to create a COVID-19 vaccine, he said.

The reason that its taking longer a frustratingly long time to get a coronavirus vaccine in the marketplace is because of the safety testing, he said.

Klimstra said people can have adverse reactions to vaccines. But its just vanishingly small with vaccines. And the links to autism are just not held up by science, he said.

Hundreds of millions of lives have been saved because of vaccines, Klimstra stressed.

Looking back, historically vaccines are one of the most productive and important medical technologies that have ever been used, he said.

Similarly to using masks, Klimstra said its not just about keeping yourself safe vaccines help prevent transmission of the virus.

The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll showed the top reasons for the nearly half of folks who said they would get a coronavirus vaccine are about protecting them, their family and their communities from the virus.

Among those polled, four out of five said they believe a vaccine is "an important criteria" for reopening, while nearly half say it's essential. About one-third say a vaccine is not essential for reopening.

Klimstra said vaccines are proven to be effective, calling them standard medical treatments.

Weve eliminated smallpox. Polio is almost eliminated, measles was nearly eliminated until people stopped taking the vaccine, he said. You wouldnt go to the doctor and not have a treatment for a medical condition where the treatment was nearly completely safe and worked a high percentage of the time. You wouldnt do that.

And thats what a vaccine is a standard medical treatment that saves lives. You just have to listen to people who should know about the issue.

For anti-vaxxers and those who arent convinced to get the coronavirus vaccine when it eventually becomes available, Klimstra said he hopes they will change their minds.

Its a critical issue both for themselves and for other people, he said.

Klimstra called it having a protective attitude and a positive community attitude.

These vaccines will be safe. I can guarantee that, he said. Given the technologies that will be utilized, they will be safe.

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To vax or not to vax: Pitt scientist discusses importance of vaccines - The Times

RAPT Therapeutics Announces Poster Presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Virtual Scientific Program – GlobeNewswire

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., May 29, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: RAPT), a clinical-stage, immunology-based biopharmaceutical companyfocused on discovering, developing and commercializing oral small molecule therapies for patients with significant unmet needs in oncology and inflammatory diseases, today announced the presentation of a Trials in Progress poster for the ongoing seamless Phase 1/2 clinical trial of FLX475, a small molecule CCR4 antagonist in development for multiple tumor types. The poster was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2020.

The poster presentation detailed previously reported initial Phase 1 healthy volunteer data for FLX475 that demonstrated excellent safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and target engagement. FLX475 is designed to block regulatory T cells from migrating to tumor sites, where they suppress immune system responses to cancer cells, without depleting regulatory T cells in the rest of the body nor immune cells required for an anti-tumor response. A robust pharmacodynamic (PD) assay measuring receptor occupancy on circulating regulatory T cells demonstrated that FLX475 achieved exposure levels over the targeted 75%, predicting maximal inhibition of regulatory T cell recruitment into tumors via CCR4 signaling. In addition, levels of FLX475 increased in a dose-proportional manner, with a strong PK/PD correlation observed between drug levels and receptor occupancy.

Building on these data, RAPT initiated a seamless Phase 1/2 study of FLX475. The Phase 1 portion of the trial was a standard dose escalation study in patients with many types of cancer, and the Phase 2 portion is evaluating FLX475 both as monotherapy and in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor in patients with charged tumors, which are tumors that express high levels of CCR4 ligands (CCL17 and CCL22), and have a high presence of regulatory T cells and CD8+ effector T cells. RAPT is currently enrolling the Phase 2 portion of the trial in patients with charged tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer as well as EBV-positive nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas.

We are pleased with our continued progress in clinical evaluation of FLX475 and remain encouraged by our early observations, said Brian Wong, M.D., Ph.D., President and CEO of RAPT Therapeutics. The previously reported checkpoint inhibitor-refractory patient with non-small cell lung cancer with a confirmed partial response in the Phase 1 part of this study continues to respond to FLX475 plus Keytruda, and is approaching the 1-year mark of study treatment. Our sites in the U.S., Australia and Asia continue to enroll patients and we remain on track to report results for both the Phase 1 and initial Phase 2 expansion cohorts in the second half of 2020.

The poster presented at ASCO can be viewed on the RAPT website under the Events and Presentation tab of the Investor Relations section here.

About FLX475FLX475 is a small molecule CCR4 antagonist designed to block the migration of regulatory T cells (Treg) specifically into tumors, but not healthy tissues. Tregrepresent a dominant pathway for downregulating the immune response, and may limit the effectiveness of currently available therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. RAPT is developing FLX475 for the treatment of a broad range of charged tumors, which represent cancer types the company believes are most likely to respond to FLX475, where a large quantity of Tregcells are likely to be the cause of immune suppression within the tumor. FLX475 blocks the migration of Tregto the tumor, which may restore naturally occurring antitumor immunity and synergizing with a variety of both conventional and immune-based therapies, such as radiation, chemotherapy, checkpoint inhibitors, immune stimulators and adoptive T cell therapy.

AboutRAPT Therapeutics, Inc.RAPT Therapeutics is a clinical stage immunology-based biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing oral small molecule therapies for patients with significant unmet needs in oncology and inflammatory diseases. Utilizing its proprietary discovery and development engine, the Company is developing highly selective small molecules designed to modulate the critical immune drivers underlying these diseases. RAPT has discovered and advanced two unique drug candidates, FLX475 and RPT193, each targeting C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), for the treatment of cancer and inflammation, respectively. The Company is also pursuing a range of targets, including hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), that are in the discovery stage of development.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Each of these statements is based only on current information, assumptions and expectations that are inherently subject to change and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the clinical development of FLX475, the interpretation of preliminary observations from the Phase 1 cohort in FLX475 and the continued progress and timing of results from clinical trials of FLX475. Detailed information regarding risk factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by statements in this press release may be found in RAPTs Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2020 and subsequent filings made by RAPT with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. RAPT disclaims any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

RAPT Media Contact:Angela Bittingmedia@rapt.com(925) 202-6211

RAPT Investor Contact:Sylvia Wheelerswheeler@wheelhouselsa.com

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RAPT Therapeutics Announces Poster Presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Virtual Scientific Program - GlobeNewswire

Kiniksa Announces Upcoming Presentation on Mavrilimumab in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Hyperinflammation at the European E-Congress of Rheumatology 2020 -…

HAMILTON, Bermuda, May 29, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (KNSA) (Kiniksa), a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients with significant unmet medical need, today announced an upcoming presentation, entitled Mavrilimumab Improves Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia and Systemic Hyper-Inflammation, showing data from the open-label treatment protocol with mavrilimumab, an investigational fully-human monoclonal antibody that targets granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor alpha (GM-CSFR), in patients with severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and hyperinflammation will be delivered at the European E-Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR) 2020. Additionally, preclinical data analyzing the role of the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) pathway in giant cell arteritis (GCA) pathophysiology will be included in a poster presentation.

ProfessorLorenzo Dagna, MD, FACP, Head, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology,Allergy and Rare Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute andVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityinMilan, Italywill deliver an oral presentation of outcomes data from the mavrilimumab treatment protocol in COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation in Italy.

Oral Presentation Details:

There will also be a presentation of preclinical data analyzing the role of the GM-CSF pathway in GCA pathophysiology delivered by Dr.Maria C. Cid, MD, Hospital Clnic,University ofBarcelona, Institut dInvestigacions BiomdiquesAugust Pii Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Vasculitis Research Unit,Department of Autoimmune Diseases,Barcelona,Spain.

Poster Presentation Details:

Kiniksa intends to make the presentations available through the Science section of Kiniksas website (www.kiniksa.com) after the EULAR embargo lifts, which is expected to be at the time of each presentation.

1IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; 2Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; 3Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, United States of America; 4Vasculitis Research Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS.

About MavrilimumabMavrilimumab is an investigational fully-human monoclonal antibody that is designed to antagonize granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling by binding to the alpha subunit of the GM-CSF receptor. Kiniksas lead indication for mavrilimumab is giant cell arteritis (GCA), an inflammatory disease of medium-to-large arteries. Mavrilimumab was dosed in over 550 patients with rheumatoid arthritis through Phase 2b clinical studies in Europe and achieved prospectively-defined primary endpoints of efficacy and safety. Additionally, Kiniksa and Kite have a clinical collaboration to evaluate mavrilimumab in combination with Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma.

About the Mavrilimumab Treatment Protocol in COVID-19 Pneumonia & Hyperinflammation in ItalyThe mavrilimumab open-label treatment protocol was a prospective, interventional, single-active-arm, single-center pilot experience inItaly conducted by Professor Lorenzo Dagna, MD, FACP, Head, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University in Milan, Italy within a COVID-19 Program directed by Professor Alberto Zangrillo, Head of Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of the Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital and Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele in Milan, Italy. Patients suffering from severe pulmonary involvement of COVID-19, acute respiratory distress, fever, and clinical and biological markers ofsystemic hyperinflammation status were treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab. The objective of the treatment protocol was to determine whether mavrilimumab in addition to standard management could improve clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation. A control-group was assembled consisting of contemporaneous patients receiving local standard of care and matched for age, sex, comorbidities, baseline inflammatory markers and respiratory dysfunction. Per standard of care of the hospital, all patients received on admission medical treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir as well as respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and/or non-invasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure.

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About KiniksaKiniksa is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing, and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients suffering from debilitating diseases with significant unmet medical need. Kiniksas clinical-stage product candidates, rilonacept, mavrilimumab, vixarelimab and KPL-404, are based on strong biologic rationale or validated mechanisms, target underserved conditions, and offer the potential for differentiation. These pipeline assets are designed to modulate immunological signaling pathways that are implicated across a spectrum of diseases. For more information, please visit http://www.kiniksa.com.

Every Second Counts!

Kiniksa Investor and Media ContactMark Ragosa(781) 430-8289mragosa@kiniksa.com

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Kiniksa Announces Upcoming Presentation on Mavrilimumab in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Hyperinflammation at the European E-Congress of Rheumatology 2020 -...

CBD treatment improves arthritis symptoms in dogs, study finds – News-Medical.Net

Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc.May 28 2020

A team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine in collaboration with Medterra CBD conducted the first scientific studies to assess the potential therapeutic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) for arthritic pain in dogs, and the results could lead the way to studying its effect in humans. Researchers focused first on these animals because their condition closely mimics the characteristics of human arthritis, the leading cause of pain and disability in the U.S. for which there is no effective treatment.

Published in the journal PAIN, the study first showed both in laboratory tests and mouse models that CBD, a non-addictive product derived from hemp (cannabis), can significantly reduce the production of inflammatory molecules and immune cells associated with arthritis. Subsequently, the study showed that in dogs diagnosed with the condition, CBD treatment significantly improved quality of life as documented by both owner and veterinarian assessments. This work supports future scientific evaluation of CBD for human arthritis.

CBD is rapidly increasing in popularity due to its anecdotal health benefits for a variety of conditions, from reducing anxiety to helping with movement disorders. In 2019, Medterra CBD approached Baylor to conduct independent scientific studies to determine the biological capabilities of several of its products."

Dr. Matthew Halpert, corresponding author, research faculty in the Department of Pathology and Immunology at Baylor

In the current study, Halpert and his colleagues first measured the effect of CBD on immune responses associated with arthritis, both in human and murine cells grown in the lab and in mouse models. Using Medterra tinctures, they found that CBD treatment resulted in reduced production of both inflammatory molecules and immune cells linked to arthritis.

The researchers also determined that the effect was quicker and more effective when CBD was delivered encapsulated in liposomes than when it was administered 'naked.' Liposomes are artificially formed tiny spherical sacs that are used to deliver drugs and other substances into tissues at higher rates of absorption.

Halpert and colleagues next assessed the effect of naked and liposome-encapsulated CBD on the quality of life of dogs diagnosed with arthritis.

"We studied dogs because experimental evidence shows that spontaneous models of arthritis, particularly in domesticated canine models, are more appropriate for assessing human arthritis pain treatments than other animal models. The biological characteristics of arthritis in dogs closely resemble those of the human condition," Halpert said.

Arthritis is a common condition in dogs. According to the American Kennel Club, it affects one out of five dogs in the United States.

The 20 client-owned dogs enrolled in the study were seen at Sunset Animal Hospital in Houston. The dog owners were randomly provided with identical unidentified medication bottles that contained CBD, liposomal CBD, or a placebo. Neither the owners nor the veterinarian knew which treatment each dog received.

After four weeks of daily treatment, owners and veterinarians reported on the condition of the dogs, whether they observed changes in the animals' level of pain, such as changes related to running or gait. The dogs' cell blood count and blood indicators of liver and kidney function also were evaluated before and after the four weeks of treatment.

"We found encouraging results," Halpert said. "Nine of the 10 dogs on CBD showed benefits, which remained for two weeks after the treatment stopped. We did not detect alterations in the blood markers we measured, suggesting that, under the conditions of our study, the treatment seems to be safe."

The findings support conducting studies to evaluate CBD for the treatment of human arthritis.

Source:

Journal reference:

Verrico, C., et al. (2020) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Pain. doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001896.

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CBD treatment improves arthritis symptoms in dogs, study finds - News-Medical.Net

Early Immunological Studies Show Universally Effective Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered Humans – Technology Networks

The first round of results from an immunological study of 149 people who have recovered from COVID-19 show that although the amount of antibodies they generated varies widely, most individuals had generated at least some that were intrinsically capable of neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Antibodies vary widely in their efficacy. While many may latch on to the virus, only some are truly neutralizing, meaning that they actually block the virus from entering the cells.

Since April 1, a team of immunologists, medical scientists, and virologists, has been collecting blood samples from volunteers who have recovered from COVID-19. The majority of the samples they have studied showed poor to modest neutralizing activity, indicating a weak antibody response. However, a closer look revealed everyones immune system is capable of generating effective antibodiesjust not necessarily enough of them. Even when neutralizing antibodies were not present in an individuals serum in large quantities, researchers could find some rare immune cells that make them.

This suggests just about everybody can do this, which is very good news for vaccines, says Michel C. Nussenzweig, head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology at Rockefeller. It means if you were able to create a vaccine that elicits these particular antibodies, then the vaccine is likely to be effective and work for a lot of people.

Moreover, the researchers identified three distinct antibodies that were shown to be the most potent of the bunch in neutralizing the virus. They are working to develop them further into therapeutic and preventive drugs.

The findings are shared on BioRxiv ahead of submission to peer-reviewed scientific journals. Nussenzweigs collaborators include, Davide F. Robbiani, Marina Caskey, Paul Bieniasz, Theodora Hatziioannou, and Charles M. Rice.

From the beginning of April and over 5 weeks, 149 people who had recovered from COVID-19 visited The Rockefeller Hospital to donate plasma, the portion of the blood that contains the antibodies, and the immune B-cells that produce them. The participants had experienced symptoms for an average of 12 days, and had their first symptoms on average 39 days before plasma donation.

Bieniasz and Hatziioannous team used an essay they had developed to test the neutralizing activity of the plasma samples. This involved mixing the plasma with a pseudo SARS-CoV-2 virus and measuring how well this mixture could still infect human cells in a dish.

In 33 percent of donors, the neutralizing activity of plasma was below detectable levels. Its possible that for many in this group, their immune systems first line of defense had resolved the infection quickly, before the antibody-producing cells were called in.

The majority of the plasma samples showed poor to modest neutralizing activity. And for 1 percent of donors it was remarkably high. Like in other diseases, everyone responds differently, says Robbiani, research associate professor at Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. Some people have poor response, some average. And then there is a fraction of people that are exceptional responders.

Those elite responders are crucial to the teams plans. The high numbers of neutralizing antibodies in their serum makes it possible for researcher to catch the rare B cells that make them. They can then clone the antibodies from those cells, and use them to emulate the same strong defense in other people.

Out of the numerous antibodies generated by elite responders who had the best performing plasma, the team identified 40 that neutralized the virus, and zeroed in on three that could do so even at very low concentrations. The team has cloned these most potent antibodies and is now working to develop them for clinical use.

Neutralizing antibodies found in this study bind to at least three distinct sites on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit of the spike protein, which is what SARS-CoV-2 uses to gain entry to host cells. A second look at the low-performing plasma samples revealed they also contained these RBD-binding antibodies, albeit in small quantities.

We now know what an effective antibody looks like and we have found similar ones in more than one person, Robbiani says. This is important information for people who are designing and testing vaccines. If they see their vaccine can elicit these antibodies, they know they are on the right track.

ReferenceConvergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals. Davide F. Robbiani et al. bioRxiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.092619.

This article is based on research findings that are yet to be peer-reviewed. Results are therefore regarded as preliminary and should be interpreted as such. Find out about the role of the peer review process in research here. For further information, please contact the cited source.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Early Immunological Studies Show Universally Effective Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered Humans - Technology Networks

Third-year UND medical student among volunteers on state penitentiary immunology teams – Grand Forks Herald

Espelien was one person on three four-person immunology teams to conduct mass testing at the North Dakota State Penitentiary two weeks ago. About half of those teams are made up of medical student volunteers, said John Hagan, a UND School of Medicine professor who also oversees medical care in Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation facilities. Espelien had worked in the prison one other time, on a mental health rotation as part of her education, but her latest task at the penitentiary - donning full-body personal protective equipment and administering COVID-19 tests to state prisoners in their pods - was unlike any she'd been asked to do before as a medical student.

"I was really excited to be able to talk to patients and do hands-on patient care for the first time in months," she said. "It was good to get back in the swing of things, and I really enjoyed talking to the residents there. A lot of them were joking and in fairly good spirits, with the whole thing going on."

It's widely acknowledged that prison and jail populations are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. Due to the confined space, prisoners' inability to practice social distancing, and staff's limited ability to isolate sick inmates, once the virus is introduced to a prison population, it has been found to spread efficiently.

DOCR took quick steps early in the pandemic to prevent the spread of the virus in their facilities. They closed their doors to new intakes on March 13, and Hagan said North Dakota's prisons have reduced their population by about 15% - but mass testing is still essential for protecting those populations, he said.

Two weeks ago, Hagan put out a call to his medical students and residents looking for volunteers for the immunology teams in the prisons.

"We've actually had more requests to come out than we have slots," Hagan said. "I love the fact that these are adults who are in advanced learning, and they're eager to get out and take care of sick people. I'm pretty proud of them."

Espelien, an Albuquerque native who completed her undergraduate studies in San Diego, was drawn to North Dakota by the quality of UND's medical school and family ties in Park River, and, going into her fourth year of medical school, she aims to apply for an OB/GYN residency. Her work in the penitentiary was part of Hagan's internal medicine rotation. She said she's not aware of any other medical school that offers rotations in state prisons.

Her work with the immunology team began Wednesday, May 13, and lasted three days, the time it took to complete the mass tests in the North Dakota State Penitentiary. Mass tests also were completed in four other DOCR facilities, but only the testing event in the NDSP yielded any positive test results - four people in custody reportedly tested positive for the virus, according to the DOCR website.

"That'll be good information for them to know, and they'll be able to isolate those residents and, hopefully, keep all the fellow residents and staff members safe," Espelien said. "I think it's important to keep doing this epidemiologic testing at the penitentiaries to make sure that we can keep any outbreaks controlled and make sure that this vulnerable patient population is protected."

Four positive results were initially reported in the Missouri River Correctional Center in Bismarck as well, but the case count in MRCC was updated to zero after the North Dakota Department of Health reported that malfunctioning testing equipment yielded 82 false positives statewide last week.

Espelien said tasks were split among the team members. One person screened patients' temperatures and asked questions about symptoms, and another team member ensured samples were labeled properly and the correct paperwork was filled out. Espelien was one of the team members who administered the swab tests.

Residents of the penitentiary had the option to either take the test or decline the test and isolate for 14 days. Espelien said that, though a few people weren't happy about the tests, which can be uncomfortable to take, she said everyone was pleasant and had generally positive attitudes.

"I think that there are just some questions about how things are going outside of the penitentiary, since they only get to see what's on the news or what they hear from family members and staff," Espelien said. "So some of them were asking me questions about when antibody tests will be available, or how the throat swab is different from the nasal swab, and if one is better than the other. So I guess there was an air of curiosity, more than fear or worry or things like that."

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Third-year UND medical student among volunteers on state penitentiary immunology teams - Grand Forks Herald

IHW organises web summit on vasculitis care during COVID-19 organised – Express Healthcare

Rheumatologists, immunologists highlighted that rheumatoid diseases caused by malfunctioning of immune system need continuous care, voluntary discontinuation of prescribed medicine will cause more harm than good

At a time when fear of coronavirus infection is adding to worries of patients living with chronic diseases, rheumatologists and immunologists at the IHW Councils web summit on vasculitis care during COVID-19 highlighted that rheumatoid diseases caused by malfunctioning of the immune system need continuous care and voluntary discontinuation of prescribed medicine will cause more harm than good.

Vasculitis is a combination of diseases. Though it is not very common in India but the impact of the disease can be very serious. Though the medicines prescribed for vasculitis are immunosuppressant in nature, they do not make the patient more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. It will be highly recommended that vasculitis patients should not stop their medicines until they have confirmed COVID-19 infection and are advised by doctors to do so as the mortality of vasculitis is far higher than COVID-19, saidDr Debasish Danda, Professor & Founder of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, CMC Vellore; President-Elect, Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR).

While highlighting a greater need for awareness about diseases like vasculitis, which has nearly 20 different types of conditions, Dr Danda said, Unfortunately, we do not know the right prevalence of the disease in India as there is no population-based study. According to facility-based studies conducted at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, vasculitis variant like Takayasu has seen 600 patients in 15 years and this is among the largest facility-based studies conducted anywhere in the world. Diseases like Takayasu, a form of vasculitis that harms the medium blood vessels, are often misdiagnosed as TB due to thesimilarity in symptoms such as fever and rapid weight loss.

Discussing the types of vasculitis,Dr Ramnath Misra, Head, Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, KIMS, Bhubaneswar & Ex- Dean and Head Clinical Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow,said, There are two types of vasculitis: firstly, primary vasculitis where the name of the vasculitis type depends on the size of the affected vessels. The most common types of vasculitis in this segment are Takayasu, Kawasaki, etc. The other type is known as secondary vasculitis which happens due to any existing disease in the patient. The number of patients affected by secondary vasculitis outnumbers the patients suffering from primary vasculitis.

Globally, May is observed as Vasculitis Awareness Month. Recently, a number of COVID-19-infected children from Europe and North America have shown multi-system the inflammatory condition with some features similar to those of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, prompting intensive care arrangements.

Kawasaki is a medium vessel vasculitis that is almost exclusively seen in very young children, especially infants and those below five. Though there is no known cause of the disease, Kawasaki disease may have an association with coronavirus, as Northwestern Universitys Kawasaki disease expert Dr Anne Rowley suggests that serious illness and shock in children may have been caused by the mutation of the virus. Kawasaki is not a rare disease Japan sees 13,000 new cases annually, while at PGI Chandigarh, we get about 80-100 children every year with symptoms of Kawasaki disease, saidDr Surjit Singh, Head, Department of Paediatrics and Chief, Allergy Immunology Unit, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh & Principal Investigator, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.

The common symptoms of Kawasaki disease are redness in eyes, lips, tongue as well as swelling in neck, hands and feet. Early detection of the disease is the single-most effective way to prevent any further damage it is advisable to diagnose the disease within 5-6 days, otherwise it may cause permanent damage to coronary arteries. In many cases adult heart attack patients were found to have Kawasaki disease as children that remained undiagnosed, Dr Singh added.

Talking about Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV),Dr Aman Sharma, Professor, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, said, ANCA-associated vasculitis causes inflammation in small vessels and can even destroy them, damaging organs. We receive about 350-400 patients every year in PGIMER Chandigarh vasculitis is not as rare as we think it to be.

The virtual summit on managing vasculitis and coronavirus, organised by theIntegrated Health and Wellbeing (IHW) Council, was also attended by Dr Vishad Viswanath, Director, Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and Dr Rohini Samant, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai.

Kamal Narayan, CEO, IHW Council, who moderated the session, said, Though vasculitis diseases are rare, there is a high possibility that they have substantial prevalence in India, given our large pool of population. Clinicians are almost unanimous in their views that it is not possible to prevent such diseases as there is no scientific knowledge on what causes these diseases. In such a condition, early and timely diagnosis of vasculitis diseases itself is a big prevention as it can help in effective treatment and management. Following our philosophy of enabling people to live a healthy life, we found it important to make more people aware about these diseases which can help in early reporting and diagnosis.

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IHW organises web summit on vasculitis care during COVID-19 organised - Express Healthcare