Anatomy

Anatomy of an accident – The News International

The first flight of the Wright brothers was on December 17, 1903 and the first accident was only 12 seconds after takeoff. This is the proximity that exists between a flight and an accident.

With time, technology made aircraft so safe that today air travel has become the safest mode of communication. While aircraft became technologically advanced, the pace with which humans were trained to catch up with these high-tech machines was probably not enough.

Many countries really worked hard in the last 50 years or so to improve human performance. However, just like all other disciplines, this investment in human resource varied from country to country and culture to culture.

The accident that took place in Karachi is going through its initial investigation phase. A good investigator always believes that the cause of an accident mostly lies months or years before the actual accident happens. Accidents dont just happen over a day, their roots are established due to persistent oversight and compromised accountability.

Any accident investigation in general, and air crash accident investigation in particular, reaches a stage where the investigators either slow down or come to a halt facing a very important question the why part of the investigation. The flight data recorder tells the investigators what happened, how and when it happened but it is the CVR or Cockpit Voice Recorder which tells why it happened. Not only that but the invisible factors going through the mind of pilots also help in figuring out the why part; this of course is the job of Human Factors specialists who understand human psychology in stress.

It is important to note that during day-to-day flights also whole flight proceedings are recorded, which not only include engineering self-monitoring data but also the recording of pilot actions.

This means that whenever a pilot makes an error no matter how small it is on the flight deck it is recorded on the aircraft flight data recording and monitoring systems. So much so that before the aircraft lands at its destination the data is already available with the authorities on ground. For some airlines, this data is retrieved after landing when the aircraft is handed over to engineering.

The question is: what happens to this data? The data has predetermined parameters and a pilot must follow those parameters and limits while flying the aircraft. If a deviation or violation is noted then that deviation is communicated to flight operations by the flight safety department, who are the custodians of that data. After that, a small investigation is carried out so that such a trend is immediately arrested through the efforts of the flight standards and training department. This is a historically established and well developed system evolved over the years to ensure the safety of passengers globally.

Many investigations result in a blame game where the last person involved is blamed, whether it's a pilot or an engineer. This system of investigation is incomplete because it does not identify the systemic errors of supervision and management oversight.

Aviation psychologists do believe that when a person makes a mistake, especially if that mistake is a violation of procedures, then it is not the first time that they are doing it. Also it is believed that in an organization if one person is doing something without check and balance, then there are very strong chances that other people will also be doing it indicating a poor safety culture in that organization. The question is: who or what allows the safety culture to get destroyed?

The aircraft data, which is downloaded after the flight has the answer. If the accountable managers of safety and operations do not do their work and do not give proper feedback to correct such pilots then as per human nature the habit patterns will continue to erode. So much so that no one in that organization will be held responsible.

It is immensely important to know that aviation is based on a block-building approach of managerial hierarchy. If any of those managers are not doing their job then the safety culture will immediately collapse and the results will be deadly.

While investigations of this crash will take place, we hope that blaming only a pilot is not resorted to. We hope that all those who were responsible are identified. It is important that the data is collected not only for this flight but the data of all previous flights is also investigated so that we find the truth behind the culture of an organization. We also hope that the ICAO Annex 13 which deals with aircraft accidents is fully applied and implemented. It is a very important point to note that a judicial or criminal investigation is undertaken if people are found guilty of criminal negligence whether they are in the management or in the operations team.

PIA has a glorified history. We hope that this history may have an even better future but that will not be possible until a pure accountability culture is present in the organization. Airlines cannot exist without a safety culture. Airbus which is also part of the investigation will also shoulder the responsibility of correctly highlighting the gaps in safety procedures, if any, during the course of events of this accident.

Towards the end, another important role or probably the most important role rests with the regulator, that is, the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA). Most importantly, accidents in aviation can also be a factor of promotions and upgrades based on favoritism, where quality of training can be compromised. If there are gaps in the safety culture or training standards then the oversight of the regulator of those gaps will also be questioned.

The writer is an airline captain of Airbus A320 and an aviation psychologist. He is also a certified investigator of human factors in air crashes.

Email: [emailprotected] com

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Anatomy of an accident - The News International

Anatomy

Ilmar Raag: Anatomy of the coronavirus adaptation – ERR News

Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic have provided an interesting picture of the dynamics of public attitudes.

This all fits perfectly with Abraham Lincoln's famous maxim from over 150 years ago: "Youcanfool allthepeoplesome of thetime, and some of thepeople allthetime, butyoucannotfool allthepeople allthetime."

Let's leave aside the word "fool" here, and just talk about the impact of communication.

In the most general terms, the claim that people's immediate environment has a greater impact on their behavior than any form of communication, including propaganda, has been reaffirmed.

Principle of instant gratification

It is the principle of "instant gratification" that needed to be drawn from psychology when describing the changes in people during the COVID-19 emergency situation.

Following this, people primarily strive for decisions which provide them with an immediate, satisfying solution.This principle does not in general reveal people's wisdom and analytical ability, but it is a reality which must be taken into account nonetheless.

For example, when I'm in a bad mood, I buy some chocolate with this little treat, life quickly seems more beautiful.In the world of advertising, we can see the exploitation of this human feature in the commercials for fast loans, which always promise you money as soon as you require it.

Similarly, miracle cures are advertised, which claim you can lose ten or twenty pounds of weight in a miraculously short time.At the same time, people's behavior is not only driven by immediate pleasure and enjoyment, but also by, for instance, immediate fear.

In the first phase of the emergency, we saw how society embraced a fear through the information about COVID19.Don't get me wrong, I don't think anyone actually consciously wanted to fool people over the dangers the coronavirus presented.Rather than that, this was a scientific modeling of the spread of the virus under certain conditions.

The nation's crisis communications, plus most of the media, took this warning very seriously.The outcome was an atmosphere of anxiety which was extremely widespread through society.

In the second week of the emergency, 91 percent of the Estonian populace considered the situation serious.Fifty-eight percent of people wanted the restrictions put in place to be tightened.At the same time, only 4 percent of respondents were in favor of easing them.

At that point, we actually had experienced only a few deaths related to COVID-19.

What followed reflects the paradox of this type of pandemic.As the restrictions as imposed certainly had had their effect, as a result, the public could not directly perceive the significance of the threat.

Considering the number of people infected in Estonia, less than one percent of the population were people who had had direct contact with a sick, or even dead, relative.

This means that the willingness to comply with the restrictions was based primarily on communication and social agreement.This is the communication effect, par excellence.

Unfortunately, this effect is typically short-term that may have significant drawback later. For example in politics, election campaigns are mostly designed for the short term effects in order to make people to vote for the right candidate.

In the case of Estonia, the pandemic risk assessment warned us, for example, that our healthcare resources could collapse, and hospitals would become overloaded. And we expected that.

However, the developments seen in Italy, or New York, did not reach us.Only on Saaremaa did the feeling of a more serious crisis arise.One can only imagine what the dynamics of public opinion would have been had the epicenter of the virus had been located in Tallinn, instead of Saaremaa.But did not set in.

Instead, the economic situation provided the signals of the immediate effects. A fall in income actually affected a far larger proportion of people than the virus.Likewise, the inconvenience of the restrictions affected almost everyone.

As a result, an information conflict emerged, where emergency policy and crisis communication were primarily aimed at the threat of the virus, but the immediate reality facing the people gave off other signals.

Studies have shown that even when people did consent to the emergency measures during the first weeks of emergency, then quietly, almost subconsciously, different details of real life began to come to the fore.

By the fifth week of the emergency, the proportion of anxious citizens who wanted to tighten restrictions further had fallen to a fifth of the earlier figure.

They now made up less than ten percent of the population.At the same time, supporters for relief from restrictions rose to make up a quarter of the population (from 4 percent to 24 percent.) And this all happened without any communication campaign.

Confirmation of self-deception

At the same time, another phenomenon known in psychology - confirmationbias - deepened within the public information space.

Confirmation bias is a process whereby we begin to interpret signals from the outside world in accordance with our hopes and expectations.

I myself saw several references on social media to serious research articles, which was interpreted in opposing directions by different communities holding different attitudes in Estonia.

Let us just remember the "dance of the masks" and their usefulness, which could only have arisen as the anxiety background of the first weeks of the emergency had receded.

A large number of video stories were also shared on social media, in which "dignified" people reveal a look behind the curtain of the pandemic organizers.

Most of these stories could be refuted by any student who has studied the scientific methods of research for at least one semester, but all of this no longer had any meaning.

The cognitive dissonance created by the self-flowing path between official threat stories and people's immediate experience began to determine the change in attitudes.

Conclusions

It came as no surprise that when the emergency ended, it was immediately met with public approval.What conclusions can we draw from this?

1. Regardless of what the health experts think about potential developments, public opinion research demonstrates that the attitudes of more than half of Estonians have entered the next phase, where the impact of the virus is not assessed as being very high on a personal scale.Perhaps this backdrop of fear has fallen in vain, but it is still a reality emerging from research.

2. During the emergency, it was proven that crisis communication can achieve an information effect which lasts for a maximum of one month.However, for longer-term effects, at least some sections of the populace should receive direct feedback on the significance of the threat.In some ways, this is good news, because it suggests that no propaganda which does not rely on the real human environment can have any lasting effect.

3. If people in a democracy are guided by other people's attitudes, then in the next wave of the virus, society will probably no longer accept the same restrictions via any kind of communication.This puts much more difficult decisions on the shoulders of governments of the future. Instead, the likely solution is to take a higher level of risk, leading to a final phase in which COVID-19 no longer scares people any more than smoking-induced lung cancer does.

The original Vikerraadio broadcast where Ilmar Raag made his comments (in Estonian) is here.

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Ilmar Raag: Anatomy of the coronavirus adaptation - ERR News

Anatomy

Q&A: Anatomy of the perfect team in a modernized IT environment (Includes interview) – Digital Journal

Legacy systems hold mission critical workloads and information, but in many cases, organizations do not have a single person who is trained to run these processes on their legacy systems when aging tech talent retires. This is creating a daunting skills gap. According to Brandon Edenfield, for a business to be successful, its vital they implement a strategy that leverages and protects past IT investments while maintaining the valuable skills and expertise related to areas like COBOL as employees retire from their current roles.Modern Systems' Edenfield explains more to Digital Journal.Digital Journal: What does DevOps bring to a business?Brandon Edenfield: DevOps is a discipline that integrates development and operations teams and duties to develop software. It allows companies to create enhance and deliver products at a faster pace than with traditional software development approaches. Ultimately, successful DevOps adoption leads to shorter development cycles, increased efficiencies andfaster innovation. It is also often a desired target state for mainframe modernization efforts, since most mainframe development is implemented through siloed, waterfall methods. The combination of a modernized legacy system with the agility and efficiency of DevOps brings added, exceptional value to legacy modernization projects.DJ: How can a successful DevOps team be assembled?Edenfield: In most cases, legacy system development cycles are measured in months, but in a DevOps environment, they can be measured in weeks or even days. Developing mentorships and cross-training programs are key for successful DevOps implementation across newly modernized legacy systems. The key though is to find ways to cross-pollinate old school and new-skill knowledge. Most resources who hold the legacy positions typically also have historical business SME knowledge from the many years theyve maintained the application. It can therefore create a powerful mix to have these employees apply that insight to new technologies alongside resources who also understand the newer tech. In the same vein, staff members who are familiar with DevOps, the company's CI/CD pipeline and standards for release cycles can bring the "legacy" resources up-to-speed on DevOps concepts, broadening the available resource pool for developing against the modern environment. DJ: How can a firm implement cross-functional training and enable legacy staff members to implement business knowledge in new technologies and staff?Edenfield:The key is to focus on area of expertise, repeatability andscalability. First, establish a central repository for information sharing. Many companies use products like Confluence or SharePoint to make knowledge accessible on the fly. Next, recruit subject matter experts from within the disciplines that pertain to the legacy system's lifecycle, as well as experts familiar with the new DevOps lifecycle. Interview these individuals and establish a punch-list of training items that each should cover within the broader context of the DevOps adoption initiative. Use situationally appropriate media such as video for screen shares and white-boarding or Wiki-style entries for documentation. Finally, establish a track for staffers to follow based on their role and the goals they're looking to accomplish while maintaining open communication across functional groups throughout the process. As resources iterate through tracks, continue to polish and formalize the process to maximize scalability and effectiveness.DJ: What is the value of formalized mentoring and job-sharing programs?Edenfield:Mentoring and job-sharing programs will enable the cross-pollination of old school knowledge and new skills in a scalable, repeatable way. By formalizing this process, your organization can ensure broad adherence to best practices and the overarching strategy and processes involved in the DevOps culture you wish to instill. It also eases the burden of onboarding and scaling resources as demand increases. And mentoring and job-sharing programs broaden the skillsets of everyone on the team, reducing the risk of contingencies and unforeseen demand.DJ: How else can firms best preserve specialized corporate knowledge?Edenfield:Legacy systems are a snapshot of the evolutionary posture of business processes and systems. They are honed over decades to meet the demands of the business and vary widely between organizations. In most cases, modernization efforts seek to retain as much of that evolved process as possible. Regardless, the process of modernization does introduce change, and we recommend source code archiving, business rules definition (through code slicing and extraction), and data archiving tools and practices to retain a record of the legacy system once it's retired. These tools preserve the legacy estate in its original form while extending navigation and documentation capabilities that can be utilized by a variety of business resources. Many firms take the extra step of housing the extracted business processes and any thought leadership or relevant folklore that may provide context to the concepts driving their existence and format in a Wiki-style repository, such as Confluence.DJ: What are the key criteria to look for when choosing a vendor to aid maintaining and monitoring application health, performance and overall business value?Edenfield:Requirements and underlying criteria vary broadly across companies, even divisions and teams. First, it's important to determine the expected division of labor between internal resources and outsource monitoring or management expectations. Next, executive and subject matter expert buy-in is key. Reviewing the proposed division of labor with key resources will vet inherent constraints that must be verbalized to a managed services provider prior to executing an agreement. Finally, and most importantly, it is important to document the components and variables that should be monitored and determine thresholds for each. For example, one company may want to be alerted if a batch job exceeds a certain clock time. Another may want to have visibility into network utilization. Both can be provided by managed services providers through monitoring, but each carries its own unique criteria and constraints, and the best services provider may be different for each.Overall, a post-modernization application management service can help ensure your modernization effort is properly set up for long-term success. The service should include 247 monitoring and support of both the application and infrastructure, with a focus on verifying availability and performance of the business logic and processes. This service could include the following:Monitoring application health and connections to related applicationsContinuously collect health and performance metrics from application components and organize them in real-timePresenting an animated display of the applications current state and enable customer IT teams to focus on extending business value of modernized applicationsBeing available via on-premise, virtual or cloud-based infrastructure, increasing service levelsDelivery of a predictable OPEX support modelDJ: How can firms take advantage of, and benefit from, vendor/partner trainings and certifications?Edenfield:Vendor certifications and trainings can benefit organizations in a number of ways, but the primary impacts are maximizing the capabilities of the company's resources while optimizing the use of vendor tools and services, and communicating to prospects and customers that your firm's expertise in vendor-specific disciplines can be quantified. Choose a subject matter expert to engage with certifications and trainings for a given vendor who can then elucidate values and propose certification tracks and paths that are most relevant to the function of the team and resources within. When investing in organization-wide certifications, be sure to choose vendors whose ethos and goals align closely to yours and your customers' in order to maximize the impact of the spend both monetarily and in time and effort.

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Q&A: Anatomy of the perfect team in a modernized IT environment (Includes interview) - Digital Journal

Anatomy

Locusts, Covid-19, bad weather: The anatomy of a food crisis – The East African

By PAULINE KAIRUMore by this Author

A spectre of food crisis is haunting East Africa, preceded by an unfortunate axis of locust invasion, Covid-19 pandemic and adverse weather.

And now both the World Food Programme (WFP) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) are forecasting a grim future.

In its Global Report on Food Crises, WFP is particularly worried about Covid-19 spreading to vulnerable communities such as those with high levels of acute malnutrition, refugee settlements and IDP camps, arid and semi-arid lands and informal settlements.

The UN agency warned that theres no time to waste as more than 27 million people were in emergency levels of acute food insecurity prior to the Covid-19 pandemic.

With the restrictions that have come with containing the spread of Covid-19, WFP warns hundreds of millions of people could be just one shock away from severe acute food insecurity as at least 135 million people experienced crisis and worse levels of acute food insecurity while a further 183 million people were on the edge in stressed food security conditions.

The UN agency said it is concerned about the growing risk of famine in some countries, especially those in East Africa.

In April 2020, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (Fews Net) Global Food Security Alert named Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and South Sudan among countries, including Nigeria and Yemen, that could face famine, as a consequence of the pandemic.

In East Africa, the situation is compounded by desert locust invasions, floods and insecurity. What is more, the Covid-19 pandemic coincides with the start of the long rains and main planting season and peak of the land preparation activities for labour-intensive staple food crops and vegetables.

Significant food security gains have been realised in most countries following above-average rains across the region towards the end of 2019. However, macro-economic shocks, protracted conflict, the ongoing desert locust infestation and the Covid-19 pandemic threaten to erode these gains, said the WFP report.

According to the Food Security and Nutrition Working Group March 2020 update, 16.95 million people in the four most food insecure countries in East Africa are in need of humanitarian assistance due to drought, floods, economic crises, conflict and displacements.

The WFP and FAO are worried that planting, harvesting and market challenges facing vulnerable rural agricultural populations will exacerbate an already fragile situation. These challenges include reduced access to inputs due to limited market access and reduced incomes, lack of seasonal labour, disruptions to transport to markets, lockdowns, physical distancing and lower purchasing power.

The halt of school feeding programmes ... could result in significant deteriorations of nutritional outcomes among child of school-going age, said the WFP.

It is also envisaged that travel restrictions could severely affect crop and livestock exports and imported input pushing up food prices as incomes continue to decline.

Because of the restrictions there are reports of fresh produce going to waste before it reaches the consumer, said the report.

Not even national policy responses introduced in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda to limit the impact of Covid-19 on food markets have helped.

For livestock dependent economies like Somalia, South Sudan and Ethiopia, the outbreak coincided with the onset of the Ramadan when export of live animals and frozen meat to the Middle East countries was expected to increase. Loss of household income will likely have ripple effect on the local economies, and therefore on household food security and nutrition, added the report.

The Global Covid-19 Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) has revised the needed money from $2 billion to $6.71 billion to reflect the increasingly urgent need to address non-health impacts of Covid-19. As of May 5, the UN appeal had received $923 million with another $608 million reported outside the GHRP, bringing the total received to about $1.5 billion.

Of these needs, the food security sector represents the largest component, for a total of $1.6 billion.

FAO is seeking $350 million to ensure the provision of critical assistance where there are already high levels of need, while meeting new needs emerging from the effects of Covid-19.

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Locusts, Covid-19, bad weather: The anatomy of a food crisis - The East African

Anatomy

Jobs for women: Anatomy of a win – Green Left Weekly

Women of SteelProduced and directed by Robynne MurphyScreening on demand June 10-212020 Sydney Film Festival

Youve probably heard The Ballad of 1891 about the Queensland shearers strike. You can probably sing Kev Carmodys From Little Things Big Things Grow about the Gurindji Walk Off at Wave Hill in 1961. Do you know about the general strike in 1969 that freed Clarrie OShea from prison? Or the late, great Jack Mundey and the Green Bans that saved swaths of Sydney from developers in the 1970s? Maybe you stood on the docks with the Maritime Union of Australia in 1993 and played your own part in union history.

But do you know the story of the Jobs for Women campaign at the Wollongong steelworks in the 1980s? No? Come gather round people and hear tell of a battle, and a victory, that by rights should be known as a landmark in Australian labour history.

Women of Steel, produced and directed by retired steelworker Robynne Murphy and funded by donations from unions and unionists, was selected for the 2020 (online) Sydney Film Festival and is screening on demand from June 1021. It documents a 12-year struggle by hundreds of mainly migrant unemployed women to get work at Australian Iron and Steel (BHP, now BlueScope Steel), then the biggest employer in the company town of Wollongong. And, most miraculously, their victory.

Filmmaker Murphy got her job at the steelworks through the campaign, and was a steelworker for 30 years. She moved to Wollongong in 1980 with a small group of members of the Socialist Workers Party (later Democratic Socialist party, now part of the Socialist Alliance) as part of the partys turn to industry a tactic to get members into heavy industry and union organising. The men in the group got jobs at AI&S almost immediately. Murphy and the three other women joined the thousands of local women on the waiting list.

During the 1940s and 50s many Wollongong women had worked in BHP subsidiary Lysaghts, building munitions. Like women the world over, they were forced out of their jobs when men returned from World War II. Many were not happy and started to get organised. By the 1970s, there were feminists organising in the area, including a Working Womens Charter Group campaigning for the rights of working-class women.

During the economic boom of the 1960s and 70s migrants flocked to the town to labour at the steelworks. Many newly arrived women had worked in industry in their home countries and expected to get jobs at AI&S. They duly put their names down at the employment office. But it wasnt until the women chained themselves to the gates, while a few snuck into the steelworks to investigate if they could do the work, that they received good media which led to AI&S being shamed into employing some women.

But these gains were lost within a year or two, and the women found that the only jobs available to them were in cleaning or canteen jobs. By the late 70s the company was back to their old tricks, saying there were no jobs for women. Many women ended up unemployed or with insecure, underpaid piecework in the garment industry.

With female unemployment in Wollongong at 40% by 1980, women who needed to work were at the mercy of small employers. This meant appalling pay and conditions for outworkers, and sexual harassment and even rape by cockroach bosses drunk on their power to hire and fire. It was one such case that provided the final spark for the Jobs for Women campaign.

The sleazy owner of a local chicken shop sexually harassed a series of young women working in his shop under threat of the sack. The Working Womens Charter Group called a public meeting about the issue and its cause the level of female unemployment in the town. The next day a group of women on the special womens list at AI&S, including Murphy and her comrades, was driven up to Sydney and lodged a complaint with the NSW Anti-Discrimination Board.

To find out what happened next, you should watch this film.

In brief, the women fought for jobs for the next 12 years, by any and all means necessary. They established a tent embassy outside the steelworks (inspired by the Aboriginal tent embassy in Canberra); marched, sang and performed street theatre; with the fellow male workers and unionists from across the Illawarra, broke down the doors of the Australian parliament, fronted the mass media to bust myths about womens capacity to lift 16 kilograms (about the weight of an average 4-year old), collared former New South Wales premier Neville Wran on the street about their right to Legal Aid, and fought a (legally aided) legal battle all the way to the High Court.

Green Left asked Robynne Murphy about why they were able to win support from male workers and male-dominated unions, who might have been expected to see them as a threat to mens jobs. She said one factor was that unions in the Illawarra had a good track record of taking on political issues from freedom for Nelson Mandela to Chile solidarity. But the crucial ingredient was that Wollongong was home to a large migrant community for whom solidarity came naturally.

Most of the men that worked at the steelworks then didnt have English as a first language and they experienced discrimination from the company too, she said. When they saw women trying to get jobs, the reaction from the men in the workforce from very early on was fantastic. Even overwhelming.

The willingness to use every tactic in the toolbox, she said, was because the campaign was controlled by the women who wanted jobs.

The Jobs for Women Action Committee was made up only of women who wanted to work in the steelworks, she said. I think that was a really important decision. When youve got a bunch of women who want work, basically most of you are willing to do whatever it takes. That was the most amazing thing about the migrant women. Once they learned, in their own languages, that they were legally entitled to work, they got involved in everything. Meetings, demonstrations, everything.

Hundreds of women won jobs and compensation through the Jobs for Women campaign, but it has a broader legacy.

I guess I didnt realise for quite a while just how significant the campaign was, Murphy said. You didnt see it immediately, but reflecting back on it now, I know it did change things for women. I see women driving heavy machinery now and I think, oh!

[Women of Steel is screening on demand from June 1021 as part of the 2020 Sydney Film Festival.]

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Jobs for women: Anatomy of a win - Green Left Weekly

Anatomy

"Grey’s Anatomy" Is Officially 15 Years Old Here Are 25 Side-By-Sides Of The Cast Then Vs. Now – BuzzFeed Germany

"This is your starting line. This is your arena. How well you play...that's up to you."

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): Of course, Ellen is still on Grey's and has been in a whopping 363 episodes and counting. She's also directed two episodes so far and is a producer on the show.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): Like Ellen, Chandra is one of only three original cast members who are still on the show. Besides playing the iconic Miranda Bailey, Chandra has also directed 21 episodes, including the show's record-breaking episode when it passed ER as the longest-running primetime medical drama.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What he's up to now (2020): Alongside Ellen and Chandra, James has played Richard Webber in 363 episodes and counting. Besides starring on Grey's, James also reprised his role from Roseanne on The Connors.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2020): "Leave a Light On" (Season 16, Episode 16)

What he's up to now (2020): Justin technically made his last onscreen appearance in 2019, and only his voice appeared in Alex's farewell episode in 2020. Justin made the decision to leave Grey's during Season 16 as he looked to "diversify [his] acting roles and career choices."

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2015): "How to Save a Life" (Season 11, Episode 21)

What he's up to now (2020): After leaving the show, Patrick went on to star in Bridget Jones's Baby in 2016. Now he stars in the TV series Devils, which premiered last year in Europe.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2014): "Fear (of the Unknown)" (Season 10, Episode 24)

What she's up to now (2020): Sandra currently stars on the critically acclaimed series Killing Eve as Eve Polastri. Her work on the show earned her a 2019 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a TV Series, Drama.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2010): "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked" (Season 6, Episode 12)

What she's up to now (2020): After leaving Grey's, Katherine starred in a number of movies, including Life as We Know It and One for the Money. She also joined the cast of Suits for the final two seasons. In 2020 she's expected to star in Netflix's Firefly Lane opposite Sarah Chalke.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2009): "Now or Never" (Season 5, Episode 24)

What he's up to now (2020): After Grey's, T.R. appeared in several episodes of The Good Wife, and he rejoined the ShondaLand family in the short-lived series The Catch. Most recently, he starred in Genius: Einstein and Genius: Picasso. He'll appear in the upcoming limited series A Higher Loyalty opposite Jeff Daniels, Holly Hunter, and Brendan Gleeson, among others.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2014): "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (Season 10, Episode 22)

What he's up to now (2020): Although he made his last series regular appearance in 2007, Isaiah returned for one episode of Grey's in 2014 as part of Cristina's final arc. After leaving the show, Isaiah went on to star in The 100 as Thelonious Jaha.

First episode (2005): "Who's Zoomin' Who?" (Season 1, Episode 9)

Last episode (2012): " If/Then" (Season 8, Episode 13)

What she's up to now (2020): Of course, Kate went on to star in Private Practice from 2007 to 2013 while still appearing in Grey's episodes. Since leaving the Grey's Anatomy universe, Kate has appeared in 13 Reasons Why, The Umbrella Academy, Girls Trip, and numerous other TV shows and movies. Also, she recently celebrated Addison's iconic first episode, which first aired 15 years ago.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Last episode (2019): "Blood and Water" (Season 15, Episode 16)

What she's up to now (2020): After Grey's, Kate notably went on to star in Scandal as Vice President Sally Langston. She also appeared on Veep, The Good Wife, and, most recently, Supergirl. Although Ellis died during Season 3, Kate has since made several appearances on Grey's.

First episode (2006): "What Have I Done to Deserve This?" (Season 2, Episode 19)

Last episode (2016): "Family Affair" (Season 12, Episode 24)

What she's up to now (2020): After leaving Grey's, Sara went on to star in Madam Secretary as Kat Sandoval, and she voiced Queen Miranda on Sofia the First.

First episode (2006): "Yesterday" (Season 2, Episode 18)

Last episode (2012): "Remember the Time" (Season 9, Episode 2)

What he's up to now (2020): Eric went on to star in The Last Ship as Tom Chandler from 2014 to 2018. Currently, he plays Cal Jacobs on Euphoria.

First episode (2006): "Begin the Begin" (Season 2, Episode 13)

Last episode (2009): "Here's to Future Days" (Season 5, Episode 23)

What he's up to now (2020): Jeffrey went on to appear in The Good Wife before landing the role of Negan on The Walking Dead. Also, you can currently catch Jeffrey on Friday Night In With the Morgans with his wife, Hilarie Burton.

First episode (2007): "Testing 1-2-3" (Season 3, Episode 24)

Last episode (2012): "Flight" (Season 8, Episode 24)

What she's up to now (2020): Since 2015, Chyler has starred as Alex Danvers on Supergirl.

First episode (2008): "Dream a Little Dream of Me: Part 1" (Season 5, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What he's up to now (2020): Of course, Kevin is still playing Owen and has appeared in 283 episodes. Besides Ellen, Chandra, James, and Justin, Kevin has appeared in the most episodes. He has also directed 27 episodes of Grey's.

First episode (2009): "Wish You Were Here" (Season 5, Episode 11)

Last episode (2018): "All of Me" (Season 14, Episode 24)

What she's up to now (2020): Jessica is scheduled to appear in the Netflix holiday movie Holidate and in the film Dear Zoe opposite Sadie Sink, Justin Bartha, and Theo Rossi.

First episode (2009): "Invasion" (Season 6, Episode 5)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What he's up to now (2020): Of course, Jesse is still on Grey's playing Jackson Avery, and he's directed three episode. He also appeared on Hulu's Little Fires Everywhere this year.

First episode (2009): "Invasion" (Season 6, Episode 5)

Last episode (2018): "All of Me" (Season 14, Episode 24)

What she's up to now (2020): Since leaving, Sarah has starred in several holiday TV movies, including Christmas Pen Pals and Twinkle All the Way.

First episode (2009): "New History" (Season 6, Episode 9)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): After leaving Grey's at the end of Season 8, Kim returned as a series regular during Season 15 and is still on the show.

First episode (2010): "State of Love and Trust" (Season 6, Episode 13)

Latest episode (2020): "Sing It Again" (Season 16, Episode 20)

What he's up to now (2020): Currently, Jason stars on Station 19 and still makes plenty of appearances on Grey's Anatomy.

First episode (2010): "Superfreak" (Season 7, Episode 3)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): Alongside her work on Grey's, Caterina played Amelia on Private Practice from 2010 to 2013 between the two shows, she's actually appeared as Amelia in 211 episodes and counting.

First episode (2012): "Going, Going, Gone" (Season 9, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): Of course, Camilla is still playing Jo on Grey's and has appeared in 189 episodes and counting in fact, that's more than Katherine Heigl or T.R. Knight ever appeared in.

First episode (2014): "Everything I Try to Do, Nothing Seems to Turn Out Right" (Season 10, Episode 23)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): Of course, Kelly is still playing Maggie on Grey's and has now appeared in 144 episodes and counting.

First episode (2005): "A Hard Day's Night" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Latest episode (2020): "Put on a Happy Face" (Season 16, Episode 21)

What she's up to now (2020): BokHee has appeared in 257 episodes of Grey's and counting. In real life, she is a surgical nurse too.

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"Grey's Anatomy" Is Officially 15 Years Old Here Are 25 Side-By-Sides Of The Cast Then Vs. Now - BuzzFeed Germany

Anatomy

Grey’s Anatomy star admits Jackson and April’s relationship is "the love story" – digitalspy.com

Grey's Anatomy fans have often been split into Japril (Jackson Avery and April Kepner) and Mapril (Matthew Taylor and April) fans.

After several years of April going back and forth between the two men, Matthew ended up tying the knot with April in season 14 in a spontaneous romantic ceremony.

But actor Justin Bruening, who plays sweet-natured paramedic Matthew in the ABC hospital drama, has conceded that he actually sees Japril as the real love story and he's happy for his own character's relationship with April to "take the back burner".

Related: Grey's Anatomy stars pay tribute to "THAT scene"

"I got stopped at a grocery store recently," he told EW. "They can't place where they recognise me from. I'll say, 'Well, it's probably Grey's,' and then they'll get wide-eyed and ask, 'Who are you?' I'll say Matthew. And they're like, 'Oh yeah, we love you... but to be honest, we want Jackson and April together.'

"I take it as a compliment. I did my job. My purpose the first time was to get Jackson and April back together, and my purpose the second time was to give April the happy ending she truly deserved."

Related: Grey's Anatomy boss addresses character diagnosis

Bruening, who is also starring in new Netflix romantic drama Sweet Magnolias, went on to compare Jackson and April to "Romeo and Juliet", although he was also keen to point out that his character has done "all the right things".

"I guess there were some Mapril people. There's a lot of sympathy for my character because he is so nice," he said. "In their minds, Matthew did all the right things. But an attraction is an attraction. You can't fight that. I'm more than happy to take the back burner to Japril.

"That's the love story. It's Romeo and Juliet. Two people that shouldn't be together want to be together, and that's completely fine, even though I'm married to her now. So technically, I won."

Grey's recently had its 16th season cut short by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, meaning that the final episode of the season that aired wasn't the intended finale.

But despite this, it achieved some impressive ratings, becoming the show's most watched episode since the season 16 premiere.

Grey's Anatomy airs on ABC in the US. It airs on Sky Witness in the UK with selected episodes also available on NOW TV.

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Grey's Anatomy star admits Jackson and April's relationship is "the love story" - digitalspy.com

Anatomy

‘Grey’s Anatomy’: Will April and Matthew Ever Return? The Door Is Still Open – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

Greys Anatomy fans were shocked when April Kepner (Sarah Drew) ran off into the sunset with Matthew Taylor (Justin Bruening). For years, viewers watched Aprils rollercoaster romance with Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), only to end up with the man she left at the altar. But will April and Matthew ever return to Greys Anatomy? Heres what Drew and Bruening have said about reprising their roles on the Shondaland medical drama.

RELATED: Greys Anatomy: This Is How April Should Have Been Written Off the Show

April and Matthew met in Greys Anatomy Season 9. The trauma surgeon and paramedic seemed to hit it off right away, particularly because of their shared faith. But fans also knew the long history between Jackson and April.

Eventually, April and Matthew decided to get married, despite her lingering feelings for her best friend. Then at April and Matthews wedding ceremony, Jackson got up and confessed his love. So Jackson and April ran off together, leaving Matthew behind.

By Greys Anatomy Season 14, April and Jackson broke up. The trauma surgeon then reconnected with Matthew, who lost his wife and had a daughter of his own. Their reunion was uncomfortable at first. But as time went on, the couple got back together.

Later, at Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) and Alex Karevs (Justin Chambers) wedding which didnt actually happen due to a series of unfortunate events Matthew proposed to April. And when Alex and Jos officiant arrived at the scene, April and Matthew decided to tie the knot right away. Then the couple presumably received their happily ever after away from Grey Sloan Memorial.

RELATED: Greys Anatomy: What Happened to Jacksons Daughter?

In May 2020, Bruening made a splash on Netflixs latest drama, Sweet Magnolias. Then when speaking with TV Insider about his new show, Bruening opened up about his role as Matthew on Greys Anatomy. The actor revealed he auditioned 20 times for the ABC medical drama before landing Matthew. Bruening then answered whether or not he would ever return to Greys Anatomy in the future.

My character isnt dead, he said. Even on soaps, unless your head is separated from your body, theres a way to find your way back. They didnt kill me.

Bruening continued, Trust me, I asked. I die in the next episode, right? They finally said, Why do you think were going to kill you? I said, You kill everybody! Fortunately, they did not kill me and I got to play on that show for a long time. It was one of the most fun roles of my career.

Bruening also hinted Matthew is still around somewhere. So who knows what could happen in the future. Im still a working paramedic, he said.

RELATED: Greys Anatomy: Are Jesse Williams and Sarah Drew Friends in Real Life?

Following her grand exit on Greys Anatomy, Drew has shared her thoughts on Aprils return. And for the most part, it seemed the actor was willing to keep the door open. But she also acknowledged she needed to say goodbye to the character at the time.

Ill never say never because they are my family, Drew told Entertainment Tonight in 2018. I still love everyone over there. I love that community and I still have such an incredible space in my heart for everyone over there.

She continued, But I really do feel like, because of how it went down, I really had to part ways with April, I just had to. There was no way for me to live in a space of possibility of her returning and also be healthy in my letting go of all of it. So I really have said goodbye to her.

A year later, the Greys Anatomy fandom wondered whether April would come back after showrunner Krista Vernoff hinted the show wanted to highlight the return of a former cast member in season 16. As we know now, this was never realized. However, when Drew was asked about returning, the actor confirmed she was open to the idea.

I will never close the door on my family at Greys, so it just depends, Drew told Entertainment Tonight in 2019. Its a hard question to answer because it is not an opportunity that has presented itself.

Whether or not April and Matthew ever return to Greys Anatomy, at least the actors behind the characters are open to coming back. But for now, well just have to add the reunion to our ever-growing wish list.

RELATED: Greys Anatomy: Krista Vernoff Reveals Why Alex Karev Didnt Die in Season 16

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'Grey's Anatomy': Will April and Matthew Ever Return? The Door Is Still Open - Showbiz Cheat Sheet

Anatomy

What happened to Katherine Heigl? – 9TheFIX

Katherine Heigl's meteoric rise in Hollywood started with her breakout role in Grey's Anatomy.

Heigl, now 41 years old, played medical intern Dr. Izzie Stevens in the medical drama for six seasons. Her acting in the series cemented her place amongst Hollywood's A-listers and transformed her into a bankable movie star.

In 2007, Heigl was at the top of her game. She was the first Grey's Anatomy actor to win an Emmy for their performance on the program. Heigl had also received two Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actress in 2007 and 2008.

However, her descent was equally as swift, and suddenly the beloved actress had a lot of explaining to do.

In 2008, Katherine Heigl was expecting another Emmy nomination for Grey's Anatomy. However, she pulled out of the race saying she didn't deserve a nomination because the writing for her character wasn't good enough in Season 4.

"I did not feel that I was given the material this season to warrant an Emmy nomination and in an effort to maintain the integrity of the academy organisation, I withdrew my name from contention," she said in an official statement. "In addition, I did not want to potentially take away an opportunity from an actress who was given such materials."

In 2012, veteran showrunner Shonda Rhimes addressed Heigl's choice to pull herself from contention in an interview with Oprah Winfrey.

"On some level it stung and on some level I was not surprised," Rhimes told Winfrey of Heigl's 2008 statement. "When people show you who they are, believe them. I carry that [mantra] with me a lot. It has served me well."

Heigl's Emmy incident may have just blown over. But it coincided with her making some controversial comments about her role in Judd Apatow's critically acclaimed comedy Knocked Up.

In a 2008 cover story for Vanity Fair, Heigl told Leslie Bennett that she had some personal problems with the film.

"It was a little sexist," she said. "It paints the women as shrews, as humourless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys. It exaggerated the characters, and I had a hard time with it, on some days. I'm playing such a bitch; why is she being such a killjoy? Why is this how you're portraying women? Ninety-eight per cent of the time it was an amazing experience, but it was hard for me to love the movie."

In 2016, Heigl seemed to backpedal on her remarks about the film and considered issuing an apology to Apatow.

"I liked the movie a lot. I just didn't like me," Heigl said during an interview on The Howard Stern Show in April, 2016. On her character, Heigl said, "She was kind of like, she was so judgemental and kind of uptight and controlling and all these things and I really went with it while we were doing it, and a lot of it, Judd allows everyone to be very free and improvise and whatever, and afterwards, I was like, 'Why is that where I went with this? What an arsehole she is!'"

"I've thought about writing a note," she said. "I feel embarrassed. I don't want to feel insincere on any level."

She also recalled how she'd issued an apology to Rhimes after her Emmys statement that caused an uproar at the time.

"I went in because I was really embarrassed. So I went in to [see] Shonda and said, 'I'm so sorry. That wasn't cool. I should not have said that.' And I shouldn't have said anything publicly," Heigl added. "But at the time, I didn't think anybody would notice... I just quietly didn't submit and then it became a story, and I felt I was obligated to make my statement, and [I should have just said], 'Shut up, Katie.'"

Despite her reputation taking a hit, Heigl landed three leading film roles: 27 Dresses (2008), The Ugly Truth (2009), and Life As We Know It (2010).

However, the job offers soon began to slow down. She was cast for a small role in New Year's Eve (2011) which was a flop at the box office.

Heigl then signed on for the lead role in One for the Money (2012), which bombed and only grossed US$36 million. The same year, she expressed interest in returning to the show that catapulted her to fame: Grey's Anatomy.

"I really, really, really want to see where [Izzie] is," she told E! Online during promotion for One for the Money. "I just want to know what happened to her and where she went and what she's doing now. My idea is that she actually, like, figures it out, and finds some success and does really well in a different hospital. She was always floundering, you know, and so she was always one step behind the eight ball and I want to see that girl take some power back."

But show-creator Rhimes didn't seem tempted by Heigl's renewed interest in the show.

"I think it was really nice to hear her appreciating the show. At the same time we are on a track we have planning," Rhimes told TV Guide in 2012. "The idea of changing that track is not something we are interested in right now."

By 2014, there was no denying that industry had turned its back on Heigl. "This thing that was my best friend for a long time suddenly turned on me," Heigl told Marie Claire in 2014.

"And I didn't expect it. I was taken by surprise and angry at it for betraying me.

Last year, Heigl's career seemed to take a turn for the better when she was cast in the legal drama Suits.

When Meghan Markle left the show to marry Prince Harry, Heigl stepped in as a new character to replace the Duchess of Sussex. It was the TV comeback that Heigl's remaining fans had hoped for.

"Joining Suits was the perfect organic way to not only collaborate with an E.P. I admire deeply, but to also become part of a show and cast that I am an immense fan of," Heigl told The Hollywood Reporter. "I have watched Suits from the very beginning and feel incredibly lucky to be the newest member of the Pearson Specter Litt family."

Heigl is in the middle of post-production for a Netflix series called Firefly Lane, which is based on the novel by Kristin Hannah. She's also in post-production for a film called Fear of Rain and just finished filming a pilot for a TV series called Our House.

Heigl is reportedly worth US$30 million (approx. $45.4 million), according to celebritynetworth.com.

Heigl and her husband Josh Kelley share three children: Nancy Leigh Mi-Eun Kelley, Adalaide Marie Hope Kelley, Joshua Bishop Kelley, Jr. They have been married since 2007, and are still going strong.

There's no doubt that the actress has had a tumultuous career but it appears that Heigl is finally back on track.

Celebrity feuds: The co-stars who didn't get along

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What happened to Katherine Heigl? - 9TheFIX

Human Behavior

COVID-19 at the beach, lake, pool: Can the coronavirus live in water? – CNET

Check your state's restrictions before going to the lake or beach.

With the summer and warm weather approaching, many people are ready to pack up their beach bags and hit the pool. Beaches and lakes across the country were already flooded with people on Memorial Day weekend, even in areas where there's still a stay-at-home order (some recreational activity is allowed depending on where you live). But with the coronavirusactively spreading among the population, there's a concern busy beaches and public swimming pools could contribute to a second wave of the pandemic.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the main way for the virus to spread is from an infected person to another person through respiratory droplets, which typically happens when they are within 6 feet of each other. So what does that mean for you -- can the virus survive in natural and human-made bodies of water and infect others?

Here's what we know about coronavirus and the water you swim in. This article provides an overview and isn't intended as medical advice. It updates frequently with new information drawn from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and county guidelines and experts in the medical community.

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While many public pools have decided to keep their door closed until further notice, others are opening this summer. The CDC says there's no evidence the coronavirus can spread to people through pool water and that proper cleaning with chlorine or bromine should inactivate the virus if it's in the water.

So why are pools remaining closed if there's no evidence of the virus spreading through the water? Because of human behavior. While the coronavirus may not spread easily through pool water, say if someone spits out a big mouthful they accidentally almost swallowed, it could still infect people in close range when heads are out of the water. For example, a group of people chatting in the shallow end, or playing a pool game may be more likely to acquire the virus from their companions' breath or saliva (e.g., through shouting to be heard at a noisy pool) than from the water itself.

In addition, pools, especially public ones, contain high-traffic areas and surfaces that are touched often, like the railing on the steps to get out of the pool or any doors to enter the premises. The principle ofsocial distancingis to keep people far enough away so someone who may not know they're infected doesn't pass the virus on to another person, or a group of people. Bathrooms, lunch lines, shady indoor areas and any place where people come in close proximity can increase your risk.

Keep your distance from others while swimming in a public pool.

Before you even think about going to the lake or beach, you need to see if the local or state restrictions have been lifted in your area. In many places, lakes and beaches are still closed to the public to help prevent the further spread of COVID-19. For example, many beaches in California are closed, while others are only open for active recreation following physical distancing guidelines -- which may be enforced by lifeguards or a beach patrol vehicle. This means hanging out to relax, grill or picnic won't be permitted, especially in large gatherings.

If the body of water near you is open and you're planning on going, it's best to limit your group to the members of your household.

CNET spoke with Andrew Janowski, an infectious diseases physician at Washington University. He said the water is safe as long as you social distance from those you're not typically in close contact with. He also said if someone who is sick with the coronavirus is in the water, they are unlikely to transmit it to others. He added, "the water will dilute out these secretions, making it much more difficult for a sufficient number of viral particles to come into contact with you."

While you may not know if another person swimming in the water is infected, it doesn't hurt to play it safe and keep your distance from others. Even if someone isn't showing symptoms, asymptomatic people can still transmit the coronavirus.

Experts say the volume of water in lakes and oceans will dilute the virus.

The understanding among experts is the coronavirus can spread more easily in enclosed, indoor areas where people are more likely to share the same air. That's the logic fueling the opening of curbside pickups and outdoor dining as some of the earlier phases of reopening.

Before agreeing to any boat plans with friends, first ask yourself these questions: Do they live with me? Are stay at home orders lifted in my area? Are small gatherings under 10 people allowed where I live?

If you answered no to any of these questions, it's safest to take a rain check on the invitation or keep the boat ride limited to the people in your household, if you're the one doing the inviting.

If you answered yes to these questions, ask yourself one more: Do I spend time with elderly people or anyone with a compromised immune system? Remember that staying healthy helps keep those around you healthy as well.

If you do go out on the water, use your best judgment and make sure you have enough equipment to make it easy for people to keep clean, and distant. Some general tips: Don't load your boat to the max with friends sitting shoulder to shoulder. Discourage reusable cups and the sharing of drinks ("Here, taste mine!"). Keep disinfectant wipes, soap and hand sanitizer handy. As an extra precaution, you could disinfect the surfaces when the passengers disembark.

The CDC recommends you wear a face mask or covering when social distancing is difficult. In this case, it could mean wearing a face mask when walking past a group of people to find an open spot to sit or while waiting in line at the restroom.

Some places, like LA County, require masks to be worn at the beach when out of the water. The CDC advises that you don't wear a mask when you're in the water because it makes it difficult to breathe when the mask is wet.

It's hard to say. Ask the facility or park how often the restrooms are cleaned. If it doesn't look like it has been cleaned in some time, you may feel more comfortable staying away. Wearing a face mask inside public restrooms is a smart precaution.

Also, make sure there's soap and running water, or that you have hand sanitizer ready. Use paper towels to dry your hands, if available, rather than a hand dryer that can blow particles in the air.

If there's a long line waiting to get in, stand at least 6 feet back from the person in front of you. Note that many public restrooms are remaining closed during this time.

In order to help keep yourself and others protected, we recommend following these guidelines.

While restrictions are loosening in many areas of the country, it's important that you know how to help keep yourself protected. Here are 16 tips to help you avoid the coronavirus when you go out in public, what we know about how long the coronavirus will last and if there will be a second wave and what to do if you think you or someone you live with is infected with the coronavirus.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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COVID-19 at the beach, lake, pool: Can the coronavirus live in water? - CNET