Just like us, many insects need a decent nights sleep to function properly, but this might not be possible if they have been exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides, the most common form of insecticide used worldwide, suggests research by academics at the University of Bristol.

Two studies by scientists at Bristols Schools of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Biological Sciences have shown these insecticides affect the amount of sleep taken by both bumblebees and fruit flies, which may help us understand why insect pollinators are vanishing from the wild.

Dr Kiah Tasman, Teaching Associate in the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience and lead author of the studies, said: "The neonicotinoids we tested had a big effect on the amount of sleep taken by both flies and bees. If an insect was exposed to a similar amount as it might experience on a farm where the pesticide had been applied, it slept less, and its daily behavioural rhythms were knocked out of synch with the normal 24-hour cycle of day and night."

The fruit fly study published today [21 January] in Scientific Reports, allowed the researchers to study the impact of the pesticides on the insect brain.

As well as finding that typical agricultural concentrations of neonicotinoids ruined the flies' ability to remember, the researchers also saw changes in the clock in the fly brain which controls its 24-hour cycle of day and night.

Dr James Hodge, Associate Professor in Neuroscience in the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience and senior author for the study, added: "Being able to tell time is important for knowing when to be awake and forage, and it looked like these drugged insects were unable to sleep. We know quality sleep is important for insects, just as it is for humans, for their health and forming lasting memories."

Dr Sean Rands, Senior Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences and co-author, explained: "Bees and flies have similar structures in their brains, and this suggests one reason why these drugs are so bad for bees is they stop the bees from sleeping properly and then being able to learn where food is in their environment.

"Neonicotinoids are currently banned in the EU, and we hope that this continues in the UK as we leave EU legislation."

Papers

Neonicotinoids disrupt memory, circadian behaviour and sleep by Tasman K, Hidalgo S, Zhu B, Rands SA & Hodge JJL in Scientific Reports

The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid disrupts bumblebee circadian rhythms and sleep by Tasman K, Rands SA & Hodge JJL in iScience [open access]

About NeonicotinoidsNeonicotinoids are the most commonly used insecticides in the world and make up nearly 25 per cent of the global insecticide market, which is valued at US $1 billion/year. The intensive use of insecticides has been linked with the global decline in pollinating insects, and all four major types of neonicotinoid have largely been banned in the EU and currently in the UK.

Link:
January: Pesticides and sleep in bees and flies | News and features - University of Bristol