Category Archives: Physiology

Physiology

Time of day influences brains global signal fluctuation – News-Medical.net

Feb 19 2020

As the day progresses, the strength of the brains global signal fluctuation shows an unexpected decrease, according to a study published on February 18 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Csaba Orban and a multi-disciplinary team of scientists from the Faculty of Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and N.1 Institute of Health at the National University of Singapore.

The negative association between time of day and brain signal fluctuations was strongest in visual and somatosensory regions. Image Credit: Csaba Orban, CC BY

Circadian rhythms govern diverse aspects of physiology including sleep/wake cycles, cognition, gene expression, temperature regulation, and endocrine signaling. But despite the clear influence of circadian rhythms on physiology, most studies of brain function do not report or consider the impact of time of day on their findings.

To address this gap in knowledge, the team analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of approximately 900 subjects who were scanned between 8 am and 10 pm on two different days as part of the Human Connectome Project (HCP; http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/). Multiple studies have shown that the brains global signal fluctuates more strongly when one is drowsy (e.g. after insufficient sleep), and fluctuates less when one is more alert (e.g. after coffee). Based on known circadian variation in sleepiness, the authors hypothesized that global signal fluctuation would be lowest in the morning, increase in the mid-afternoon and dip in the early evening.

Instead, they observed a cumulative decrease in global signal fluctuation as the day progressed. This global decrease was most prominent in visual and somatosensory brain regions, which are known for expressing dynamic fluctuations within individuals over time. Across the whole brain, time of day was also associated with marked decreases in resting-state functional connectivity the correlated activity between different brain regions when no explicit task is being performed.

We were surprised by the size of the overall time-of-day effects, since the global fMRI signal is affected by many factors and there is substantial variation across individuals. At the present moment we dont have a good explanation of the directionality of our findings. However, the fact that we also observed slight time-of-day-associated variation in the breathing patterns of participants suggests that we may also need to consider clues outside of the brain to fully understand these effects.

Csaba Orban, first author of the study

Based on the findings, the authors recommend that researchers explicitly report the time of day of fMRI scans and other experimental protocols and measurements, as this could help account for between-study variation in results and potentially even failure to replicate findings.

We hope these findings will motivate fellow neuroscientists to give more consideration to potential effects of time of day on measures of brain activity, especially in other large-scale studies where subjects are often scanned throughout the day for logistical reasons."

Thomas Yeo, studys senior author

This work is one of the first studies to come out of the recently established Centre for Sleep and Cognition at the National University of Singapore. The Centres director, Michael Chee, a co-author of this study, believes the results will stir broader interest in the effects of time of day or circadian variation on human physiology.

Source:

Journal reference:

Orban, C., et al. (2020) Time of day is associated with paradoxical reductions in global signal fluctuation and functional connectivity. PLOS Biology. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000602.

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Time of day influences brains global signal fluctuation - News-Medical.net

Physiology

How low oxygen levels in the heart can cause arrhythmias – Futurity: Research News

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New research reveals the underlying mechanism for a dangerous heart disorder in which low oxygen levels in the heart produce life-threatening arrhythmias.

The discovery, made with human heart muscle cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, offers new targets for therapies aimed at preventing sudden death from heart attack.

Our research shows that within seconds, at low levels of oxygen (hypoxia), a protein called small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is linked to the inside of the sodium channels which are responsible for starting each heartbeat, says Steve A. N. Goldstein, vice chancellor for health affairs at the University of California, Irvine and professor in the School of Medicine departments of pediatrics and physiology and biophysics.

And, while SUMOylated channels open as they should to start the heartbeat, they re-open when they should be closed. The result is abnormal sodium currents that predispose to dangerous cardiac rhythms.

Every heartbeat begins when sodium channels open and ions to rush into heart cellsthis starts the action potential that causes the heart muscle to contract. When functioning normally, the sodium channels close quickly after opening and stay closed. After that, potassium channels open, ions leave the heart cells, and the action potential ends in a timely fashion, so the muscle can relax in preparation for the next beat.

If sodium channels re-open and produce late sodium currents, as observed in this study with low oxygen levels, the action potential is prolonged and new electrical activity can begin before the heart has recovered risking dangerous, disorganized rhythms.

Fifteen years ago, the Goldstein group reported SUMO regulation of ion channels at the surface of cells. It was an unexpected finding because the SUMO pathway had been thought to operate solely to control gene expression in the nucleus.

This new research shows how rapid SUMOylation of cell surface cardiac sodium channels causes late sodium current in response to hypoxia, a challenge that confronts many people with heart disease, says Goldstein. Previously, the danger of late sodium current was recognized in patients with rare, inherited mutations of sodium channels that cause cardiac Long QT syndrome, and to result from a common polymorphism in the channel we identified in a subset of babies with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

The information gained through the current study offers new targets for therapeutics to prevent late current and arrhythmia associated with heart attacks, chronic heart failure, and other life-threatening low oxygen cardiac conditions.

The National Institutes of Health funded the study, which appears in Cell Reports.

Source: UC Irvine

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Physiology

New group created to highlight centenary of Aberdeen pioneer of insulin and help find a cure for diabetes – Press and Journal

A new voluntary organisation has been established in Aberdeenshire to help tackle the scourge of type 1 diabetes.

The JDRF group, based in Westhill, which meets for the time tomorrow, is planning a series of events to commemorate the discovery of insulin in 1921 by a trio of scientists.

Among their number was John MacLeod, a former Aberdeen Grammar School pupil, who studied at Aberdeen University before going on to win the Nobel Prize.

And the Macleod Centenary Group has been set up to support JDRF in its mission to find a cure for type 1 diabetes.

It comprises a broad range of people across many organisations, including Aberdeen University and Aberdeen FC, who have pledged to mark the centenary by raising the profile of JDRF, awareness of type 1 diabetes and the significance of insulin.

Carol Kennedy, regional fundraiser in Scotland for JDRF, which is the worlds leading type 1 diabetes research charity, said it was important to recognise Mr MacLeods place in history and use his achievements as the catalyst for making new scientific breakthroughs in the future.

She told the Press and Journal: We want to ensure that as many people as possible realise the vital contribution John MacLeod made in helping so many people with diabetes through his pioneering work with insulin.

The charity exists to find a cure for type 1 diabetes and its many complications.

At a global level, our volunteers and staff have already been responsible for raising more than 1 billion to support research.

But we know there is still a lot of work to be done and the latest projections estimate an increasing number of young people are being diagnosed with this.

It is a chronic condition, one which has a lifelong impact on those who are affected by it and their families.

We want to spread the word and ensure we do all we can to search for solutions.

We will be holding a series of meetings throughout the year leading up to when JDRF will be marking the anniversary in 2021.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition which cannot be prevented and is not linked to lifestyle factors.

People with the condition rely on multiple insulin injections or pump infusions every day just to stay alive.

It normally strikes children and stays with them for the rest of their lives. In the UK, it affects about 400,000 people in the UK, 29,000 of them children.

In Scotland, it impacts 32,000 people in Scotland, 6,000 of them children.

Further information is available at http://www.jdrf.org.uk.

John James Rickard MacLeod was born in Dunkeld in Perthshire in 1876, but soon after his birth, his clergyman father, Robert, was transferred to Aberdeen and the family relocated.

He attended Aberdeen Grammar School and, after being recognised as an intellectually gifted youngster, entered Marischal College at Aberdeen University to study medicine.

MacLeod moved to Canada upon graduating and became director of physiology at Toronto University, where he became interested in research on patients with diabetes.

Insulin was developed during his time there in 1921, after he had engaged in groundbreaking work with students Frederick Banting and Charles Best.

Following their collaboration, MacLeod received a Nobel Prize along with Banting, although he and the latter subsequently fell-out over their rival claims of who had contributed most to the discovery.

He returned to Scotland in 1928 to become Regius Professor of Physiology at Aberdeen University and later became Dean of the University of Aberdeen Medical Faculty.

He died in 1935 and is buried in Aberdeen. There is also a plaque near his old house.

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New group created to highlight centenary of Aberdeen pioneer of insulin and help find a cure for diabetes - Press and Journal

Physiology

Lawmakers hear emotional testimony but take no action on transgender – 6 On Your Side

Originally posted on IdahoEdNews.org on February 19, 2020

Supporters called it a matter of fairness. Opponents called it government-ordered discrimination and state-sanctioned exploitation.

Restricting transgender girls and women from playing in school sports could subject young people to invasive physical exams, innuendo and bullying and outing, said the opponents. How many lives need to be harmed or lost? asked Jen Moore, a licensed professional counselor.

Forcing girls and women to compete against, and lose to, boys and men could drive female athletes to take their lives, said Brian Stutzman, an Idaho Falls father. To allow XYers to play in an XX world is not fair to either group, said Stutzman, referring to the chromosomal differences between the genders.

After 90 minutes of emotional testimony, lawmakers took no action Wednesday. The House State Affairs Committee will take up the transgender athletics bill again Thursday, and could vote.

House Bill 500 which sponsors have titled it Fairness in Womens Sports Act would ban transgender girls and women from competing in girls and womens sports. Rep. Barbara Ehardt, the bills House sponsor, said her bill followed the spirit of Title IX, the landmark federal policy that opened intercollegiate athletics to female athletes.

We absolutely should not be going backwards, said Ehardt, R-Idaho Falls, a former college basketball player and coach. We should not be giving up these opportunities to boys and men, because they already have these opportunities.

Sen. Mary Souza, HB 500s co-sponsor and a critical care nurse, focused on physiology. Men have denser and stronger bones, tendons and ligaments and greater lung capacity. While the female pelvis is shaped for delivering a child, the male pelvis is shaped differently which gives boys and men an inherent advantage in track.

Science and common sense tells us that males are physically stronger than females, said Souza, R-Coeur dAlene.

The balance of testimony came from opponents who focused on the emotional toll HB 500 could exact.

One speaker read testimony on behalf of Chris Mosier, a Chicago-based transgender triathlete. In his testimony, Mosier challenged the notion that anyone would change gender simply to dominate in athletics. We need to call this bill what it is: a dangerous attack on young people.

Oliver Cowan, a Boisean who began his gender transition at age 23, disputed the notion that people change genders casually or quickly. That just isnt how it works. The transition is long and difficult, he said, and denying students the ability to play in sports would only complicate the process.

Transgender students already live and go to school in Idaho, ACLU Idaho policy director Kathy Griesmyer said. They should have the same chances to succeed and thrive.

Griesmyer said her group will sue if HB 500 passes saying the bill is discriminatory and represents an invasion of student privacy.

Committee members had pointed questions Wednesday, which could signal their leanings as a committee vote looms.

Im curious as to how you would define a woman, Rep. Julianne Young, R-Blackfoot, asked Griesmyer.

Rep. Heather Scott, R-Blanchard, asked Griesmyer if the ACLU had considered the science of the issue when it reviewed HB 500. Griesmyer said her group focuses on legal and constitutional issues.

Other questions focused on the physicians examination that would be used to determine gender. Rep. Elaine Smith, D-Pocatello, asked Ehardt if students would be subject to pelvic examinations; Ehardt said the process would glean information from non-invasive blood and urine samples. Rep. Brent Crane, R-Nampa, asked whether student-athletes already have to get a physical before competing. They do.

Rep. Brooke Green, D-Boise, questioned whether HB 500 is needed in the first place. She asked Ehardt if anyone has ever challenged an Idaho student-athletes eligibility, based on gender.

At this point, that has not happened, but it is just around the corner.

Committee members heard essentially the same thing from Ty Jones, executive director of the Idaho High School Athletics Association, the states governing body for school sports. Invited to speak by Green, Jones said the IHSAA has never received an eligibility appeal based on student gender.

IHSAA policy allows transgender girls to participate in girls sports, after completing at least 12 months of hormone treatment. Otherwise, transgender girls must compete in boys sports.

HB 500 is one of several bills on transgender policy before the Legislature this year. Ultimately, the last word on any of these bills belongs to Gov. Brad Little.

Meeting with reporters at an Idaho Press Club breakfast Wednesday morning, Little suggested the transgender bills might relate more to national trends than anything taking place in Idaho. He said he hasnt seen the bills and did not tip his hand, but added, Im not a big discrimination guy.

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Lawmakers hear emotional testimony but take no action on transgender - 6 On Your Side

Physiology

Page: Hair Love: Deep lessons from the shortest Oscar winner – Ocala

Black hair with all of its related history, styles and meaning remains an exotic, foreign and even threatening aspect of black physiology to the uninitiated.

Good art often shows us something old and familiar, but makes us see it in a new way.

That's a big part of what makes Chicago filmmaker and former NFL wide receiver Matthew Cherry's adorable Oscar-winning short "Hair Love" so effective and important.

Cherry recently became the second ex-pro athlete in three years to win an Oscar in the animated short category. That puts him in exceptional company. The first was the late Kobe Bryant, who won the Oscar for the 2017 short film "Dear Basketball."

Cherry's topic is something close to all of us: hair.

Especially black hair. Even for black men and boys. As an African American male, I can tell you that growing up around black women and girls exposed me to a lot of chatter about the styles, combs, chemicals and rituals associated with black hair.

And, brief as it is, I learned a bit more from Cherry's short. Written and directed by Cherry, the seven-minute film follows an African American father's first attempt to do his daughter's hair. It does not go well. But with the help of a video blog, voiced by Issa Rae, he muddles through in a heartwarming way that bonds them and reveals important lessons about patience, identity and rewards.

"'Hair Love' was done because we wanted to see more representation in animation," Cherry said as he and producer Karen Rupert Toliver picked up their statuettes. "We wanted to normalize black hair."

"Normalize" is a curious, yet appropriate word for him to use. As "normal" as black hair with all of its related history, styles and meaning is to black people, it remains an exotic, foreign and even threatening aspect of black physiology to the uninitiated.

On the good side, there are numerous videos on YouTube with captions like, "Single Dad Learns to Do His Daughter's Hair," "Black Dad Goes Viral Braiding Daughters Hair During NYC Subway Ride" and Facebook sites like DadsDoHair.

There are some white and Latino dads in some videos, too. But considering the abundance of negative images of young black males that we see in media, I like the idea of "normalized" images of men actively engaged in what has always been a traditionally female role: wielding the big comb, hair clips and conditioners.

But unfortunately some people are still so shocked by new hairstyles that they remind me of my high school principal, who railed at the Beatles' "weird hairdos."

Today we have new scandals, such as the clipping of New Jersey high school wrestler Andrew Johnson, who made national news when his dreadlocks were forcibly cut off before a match.

Or there was the case of Deandre Arnold, a Mont Belvieu, Texas, high school senior who was told he can't attend graduation unless he cut his dreadlocks. Arnold and his mother, Sandy, were invited to attend the Oscars as the guests of Cherry and Rupert Toliver.

And then there is Chastity Jones, a black woman who lost a job opportunity in Alabama because she refused to cut off her dreadlocks. The federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission joined her case, but a federal appeals court ruled that dreadlocks were a changeable characteristic of black people and therefore did not meet the federal discrimination standard.

That's what Cherry was talking about when he ended his brief speech on a political note: "There's a very important issue that's out there," he said. "The CROWN Act, and if we can ... get this passed in all 50 states it will help stories like DeAndre Arnold's, who's our special guest tonight."

The CROWN Act, which stands for Create a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair, has been enacted by California, New York and New Jersey. Illinois and 21 other states are considering versions of their own, according to the website set up by advocates. Two Democrats, Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey and Rep. Cedric Richmond of Louisiana, have introduced a federal version.

The ball is rolling. For now, I close with the wise words that my late father used to say when I was defending my robust Afro in the late '60s: "It's not what's on top of your head that matters, it's what you have inside."

Clarence Page (cpage@chicagotribune.com) is a columnist for the Chicago Tribune.

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Page: Hair Love: Deep lessons from the shortest Oscar winner - Ocala

Physiology

Samia Ali explores the intersection of diversity and research – Dailyuw

Before coming to the UW, Samia Ali, now a junior majoring in physiology, already knew that she wanted to pursue research. Having previously worked on vaccine awareness projects among refugee communities through King Countys public health program, she was eager to find research opportunities on campus to immerse herself in.

As a freshman entering her first project through the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences (I-LABS), Ali initially felt unsure about how much background knowledge she needed to have but soon found that research is often a process of asking more questions instead of answering.

In her current role, Ali analyzes data from the completion of tasks among infants from different age groups to assess whether altruism is an innate or developed characteristic.

In addition to her involvement with I-LABS, Ali has recently started working on a project oriented around leadership development in trauma patient care through the emergency department at the Harborview Medical Center.

This academic year, Ali has also expanded her research experience by starting her own project that focuses on cardiovascular disease risk factors within Seattles refugee communities, explaining that her personal background led her to pursue this project

Ali is the daughter of Somali refugees. When her parents arrived in the United States, they were, like many Somali refugees escaping war, thrown into survival mode. Ali has long observed how the trauma this community has faced has not been sufficiently addressed and explained that this is what drives her research.

When populations who have experienced increased unaddressed trauma live in areas with food deserts due to the inability to gain employment for various reasons, the risk for poor health is disproportionately greater, Ali said.

Over the past few months, Ali has been developing her research questions and the form in which her research will take place. She also explained the difficulty of finding a mentor who specializes in the type of study she is conducting.

Ali believes that research is vital for all individuals both inside and outside the realm of academia, though the lack of representation in the present state of academic research ensures that research is not serving everyone.

In many research projects, there are very few human subjects of color and that is largely tied to having a limited number of researchers of color, more specifically woman of color, Ali said. What is the result? Data is skewed. And I am just tired of it.

In addition to a lack of representation within studies, Ali further vocalized the lack of representation in research as a field.

There is a clear understanding that research is often very limiting to people from disenfranchised populations, Ali said. For first-generation students of color, finding research is very difficult.

To help students find opportunities, Ali became an undergraduate research leader (URL) and has since found that the experience fuels her own research endeavors. In her role, she shares with fellow undergraduates the importance of research and how it is driven by ones desire to learn, rather than ones area of study or prior experiences before attending college.

I have not only brought more awareness to marginalized populations that research is a possibility, but I have increased my own knowledge regarding how to pursue research in a future career, Ali said. I originally came in just for the sole purpose of showing representation, but it has honestly turned into something greater for me. If I was not a URL, I do not think I would have had the confidence to dive into my own projects.

Reach reporter Jax Morgan at science@dailyuw.com. Twitter: @jaxbmorgan

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Physiology

Diasome Announces Positive Results from Phase 2 OPTI-1 Study of Hepatocyte Directed Vesicle Technology in Type 1 Diabetes – GlobeNewswire

CLEVELAND, Feb. 18, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- DiasomePharmaceuticals, Inc., a company developing hepatocyte directed vesicle (HDV) technology that can be added to any commercially available insulin to optimize treatment for people living with diabetes, today announced positive results from its Phase 2 OPTI-1 study of injectable hepatocyte directed vesicle (HDV) added to mealtime insulin in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

One of the trials investigators, Bruce Bode, M.D., a diabetes specialist with Atlanta Diabetes Associates and clinical associate professor in the Department of Medicine at Emory University, added, The OPTI-1 study may be the first clinical trial to demonstrate the impact of the combined effects of liver targeted insulin and physiologically driven changes in the ratio of mealtime to long-acting insulin regimens. These results provide additional evidence that targeting insulin to the liver induces a more physiological response. When added to insulin, HDV may allow patients to optimize the amount of short-acting and long-acting insulin they need to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia while still achieving positive long-term health outcomes.

This open-label, multicenter study was designed to evaluate the effect of HDV added to rapid-acting mealtime insulin on A1C, hypoglycemia, and bolus and basal insulin dosing in adult T1D patients with baseline A1C levels between 6.5% and 8.5%. Patients underwent a three-month run-in period on standard-of-care therapy followed by three months of treatment with HDV added to mealtime insulin in conjunction with optimized basal insulin doses. A total of 61 T1D patients were enrolled at eight United States trial sites. After patients were treated with standard-of-care Lispro or Degludec during the run-in period, they were randomized into one of two groups: HDV-Lispro (HDV-L) in conjunction with a 10% reduction in Degludec or HDV-L in conjunction with a 40% reduction in Degludec.

The completion of this clinical trial marks an important milestone for the continued development of HDV, said Robert Geho, chief executive officer of Diasome. Results from this study, which we plan to present at upcoming conferences, continue to support the hypothesis that improved mealtime insulin delivery to the liver should have an important and positive effect on overall glycemic control. We are excited about these results and look forward to sharing additional details soon.

About Hepatocyte Directed Vesicle (HDV) TechnologyHDVs are the most advanced technology designed to restore normal physiology and potentially offer protection against hypoglycemia for patients with diabetes. Only 20-50 nanometers in size, these two-layered microscopic discs are designed to bring insulin to receptors highly expressed by liver cells. Liquid HDV can be mixed with any commercially available insulin prior to administration and is compatible with any insulin delivery system.

About Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)T1D is a chronic, auto-immune disease characterized by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, which leads to elevated blood sugar levels. Diabetes costs represent a large burden to both patients and the healthcare system. More than 1.25 million Americans are living with T1D and there is no cure.

About OPTI-1The 24-week, open-label, multiple dose trial is designed to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of hepatocyte directed vesicle (HDV) technology when added to rapid-acting mealtime insulin. All patients received insulin Lispro and Degludec during a 12-week run-in period. After completing the run-in period, patients were randomized to a treatment group of either HDV added to Lispro (HDV-L) while continuing Degludec at a dose reduced by 40% or HDV-L while continuing Degludec at a dose reduced by 10% for 12 weeks of treatment.

About Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Diasomes hepatocyte directed vesicle (HDV) technology is the only pharmaceutical insulin additive being developed to prevent hypoglycemia by restoring normal liver physiology in patients with diabetes. HDV technology is a Phase 3-ready asset designed to improve the safety and efficacy of all insulins. For more information, visit http://www.diasome.com or follow us on Twitter.

Investor Contact:Jeremy FefferLifeSci Advisors, LLCjeremy@lifesciadvisors.com+1.212-915-2568

Media Contact:Cherilyn Cecchini, M.D.LifeSci Communicationsccecchini@lifescicomms.com+1.646.876.5196

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Physiology

Guidelines and Considerations for Metabolic Tolerance Tests in Mice | DMSO – Dove Medical Press

Raquel Bened-Ubieto,1,* Olga Estvez-Vzquez,1,* Pierluigi Ramadori,2 Francisco Javier Cubero,3,4 Yulia A Nevzorova1,4,5

1Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; 2Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; 3Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; 4 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; 5Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Yulia A NevzorovaDepartment of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, c/Jos A. Novais, 2, Madrid 28040, SpainTel +49-(0)241-80-80662Fax +49-(0)241-80-82455Email ynevzorova@ukaachen.de

Abstract: The epidemic of the century, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is continuously rising. Intensive research is urgently needed whereby experimental models represent an essential tool to optimise the diagnostic strategy and to improve therapy. In this review, we describe the central principles of the metabolic tests available in order to study glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice, focusing on the most widely used the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. We provide detailed experimental procedures as well as the practical implementation of these methods and discuss the main factors that should be taken into account when using this methodology.

Keywords: metabolic tolerance test, T2DM, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Physiology

The 19th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences Awarded for Pioneering Studies in Cell Biology – Business Wire

HOBOKEN, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The Wiley Foundation is pleased to announce that the 19th annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences will be awarded to Clifford Brangwynne, Anthony Hyman, and Michael Rosen. Their pioneering work has revealed a new principle for subcellular compartmentalization based on formation of phase-separated biomolecular condensates, a process implicated in both physiological and pathological events.

Cliff Brangwynne is a Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Princeton University and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Tony Hyman is Director and Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany. Michael Rosen is the Chair of the Department of Biophysics at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

The 2020 Wiley Prize recognizes Drs. Cliff Brangwynne, Tony Hyman, and Michael Rosen for their discovery that cells can compartmentalize processes without the use of membranes. These phase-separated structures are now recognized to play a role in numerous cell biological processes," said Dr. Titia de Lange, Chairperson of the awards jury for the Wiley Prize at the Rockefeller University in New York City.

The Wiley Foundation honors research that champions novel approaches and challenges accepted thinking in the biomedical sciences. The work of the 2020 Wiley Prize recipients Cliff Brangwynne, Tony Hyman, and Michael Rosen truly upholds this mission, said Deborah Wiley, Chair of the Wiley Foundation. We honor them for the discovery of a completely new aspect of cell biology that impacts our understanding of how cells work.

First awarded in 2002, The Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences is presented annually to recognize contributions that have opened new fields of research or have advanced concepts in a particular biomedical discipline. Among the many distinguished recipients of the Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences, nine have gone on to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and two have gone on to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

This years award of $50,000 will be presented to the winners on April 3, 2020 at the Wiley Prize luncheon at The Rockefeller University. The winners will then deliver an honorary lecture as part of The Rockefeller University Lecture Series. This event will be live streamed via the Current Protocols Webinar Series and registration is free.

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About Wiley

Wiley drives the world forward with research and education. Through publishing, platforms and services, we help students, researchers, universities, and corporations to achieve their goals in an ever-changing world. For more than 200 years, we have delivered consistent performance to all of our stakeholders. The Company's website can be accessed at http://www.wiley.com.

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The 19th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences Awarded for Pioneering Studies in Cell Biology - Business Wire

Physiology

How the pros handle training during their period – Canadian Running Magazine

Women have a bigger presence in sport than ever before and Dina Asher Smith, the reigning 200m world champion, is using her platform to discuss a topic that was once tabooa womans period and its possible training implications.

RELATED: The birth control pill: what runners need to know

Womens experience while training with their periods varies enormously from person to person. While some women find themselves needing to take time away from sport, others barely notice a change in their bodies. If youre someone who has struggled while training through your period, Asher-Smith has some good advice.

Kristy Sale is an exercise physiologist with a focus on female physiology. She acknowledged on Twitter last week that more research is needed in this area (something shes personally working to move forward). In the meantime, her best advice for women training through their period is to listen to their bodies and make reasonable adjustments where necessary (and also to keep in mind that everyones body is different).

Sale also gave Asher-Smith a shout out, endorsing the sprinters approach to training on her period.

RELATED: WATCH: Gwen Jorgensen on periods and competition

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How the pros handle training during their period - Canadian Running Magazine