Category Archives: Neuroscience

Putting the ‘lazy eye’ to work – University of California

When University of California, Irvine neurobiologist Carey Y.L. Huh, Ph.D., set her sights on discovering more about amblyopia, she brought personal insight to her quest. As a child, Huh was diagnosed with the condition, which is often called lazy eye.

Huh is a researcher in the lab of UC Irvine associate professor of neurobiology & behavior Sunil Gandhi. She and her colleagues have just found that amblyopia originates in an earlier stage of the visual pathway than was previously thought. Their research, which raises the possibility of new treatment approaches, appears in the Journal of Neuroscience.

For those with amblyopia, vision in one eye is much poorer than the other, interfering with how their brains and eyes work together to produce what they see. One of amblyopias hallmarks is difficulty with three-dimension perception, which necessitates use of both eyes. Many of the estimated two to five percent of people globally with amblyopia lack this ability known as binocular vision. Amblyopia begins in childhood and accounts for most visits by youngsters to vision professionals.

Traditionally, scientists have thought amblyopia starts in the brains visual cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging, an advanced technique that displays cerebral activity in real time, Huh and her colleagues investigated this accepted belief in rodent models. Their research revealed amblyopias impact on binocular vision actually originates in the thalamus, which serves as the information relay station between the eyes and the visual cortex. They did, however, find that the visual cortex does serve a role in amblyopia by affecting the ability to see fine detail.

To treat amblyopia, a patch, either in physical form or pharmaceutically, is placed over the better eye to force the brain to learn how to use the weaker one. Without this process, the brain could lose its ability to utilize the latter.

However, our findings indicate amblyopia treatment may need to be revised, said Huh, the articles first author. The traditional treatment of patching the good eye may need to be supplemented with newer methods such as binocular training, to preserve and improve 3-Dvision as much as possible.

Amblyopia can result from childhood strabismus, a condition in which the eyes are misaligned. Other principal causes of amblyopia include childhood cataracts and severe refraction differences between eyes that are left uncorrected in youngsters. It is important to have childrens eyes examined early so the underlying problems can be properly treated.

With the colloquial name lazy eye, it may be easy to overlook the impact of amblyopia, Huh said. It is a significant condition that prevents people from enjoying full visual capacity and can keep them from entering certain professions, she said. And the vision degeneration that can come with aging could raise special concerns for those with amblyopia.

Funding for the research was provided by the National Institutes of Health, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Knights Templar Eye Foundation Grants.

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Putting the 'lazy eye' to work - University of California

Neuroscience Market Global and Regional Analysis by Top Key Market Players, Key Regions, Product Segments, and Applications by 2512 – The Industry…

A leading research firm, Zion Market Research added a latest industry report on "Global Neuroscience Market" consisting of 110+ pages during the forecast period and Neuroscience Market report offers a comprehensive research updates and information related to market growth, demand, opportunities in the global Neuroscience Market.

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The Neuroscience Market report provides in-depth analysis and insights into developments impacting businesses and enterprises on global and regional level. The report covers the global Neuroscience Market performance in terms of revenue contribution from various segments and includes a detailed analysis of key trends, drivers, restraints, and opportunities influencing revenue growth of the global consumer electronics market.This report studies the global Neuroscience Market size, industry status and forecast, competition landscape and growth opportunity. This research report categorizes the global Neuroscience Market by companies, region, type and end-use industry.

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The Neuroscience Market report mainly includes the major company profiles with their annual sales & revenue, business strategies, company major products, profits, industry growth parameters, industry contribution on global and regional level.This report covers the global Neuroscience Market performance in terms of value and volume contribution. This section also includes major company analysis of key trends, drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, which are influencing the global Neuroscience Market. Impact analysis of key growth drivers and restraints, based on the weighted average model, is included in this report to better equip clients with crystal clear decision-making insights.

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Alpha Omega, Axion Biosystems, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics Ltd., Intan Technologies, LaVision Biotec GmbH, Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Neuralynx Inc., NeuroNexus Technologies, Neurotar Ltd., Newport Corporation, Plexon Inc., Scientifica Ltd., Sutter Instrument Corporation, Thomas Recording GmbH, and Trifoil Imaging Inc.

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3. To provide historical and forecast revenue of the Neuroscience Market segments and sub-segments with respect to four main geographies and their countries- North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of the World.

4. Country level analysis of the market with respect to the current market size and future prospective.

5. To provide country level analysis of the market for segment by application, product type and sub-segments.

6. To provide strategic profiling of key players in the market, comprehensively analyzing their core competencies, and drawing a competitive landscape for the market.

7. Track and analyze competitive developments such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, new product developments, and research and developments in the global Neuroscience Market.

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Reflections on the Culturally Responsive Campus Community (CRCC) Conference – News – Illinois State University News

The Culturally Responsive Campus Community Conference drew big crowds of Redbirds looking to learn more about activism and solidarity.

The fourth annual Culturally Responsive Campus Community (CRCC) Conference was held on November 18 and 19 at Illinois State University. The overall mission of the annual CRCC Conference is to enlighten, educate, and ignite conversation around creating a more equitable and just campus environment for all. This years conference theme was Building Solidarity Across Movements.

With over 700 students, staff, and community members registered to attend, participants chose from 60 presentations, workshops, and discussions during the conference. Topics over the two days included working with international students, cultivating social justice learning through art and creative writing, anti-Blackness, Trans advocacy, diverse learning environments, fighting racial inequity, and challenging the norms of sexual violence.

There is something unspeakably beautiful about spending two days learning and connecting with passionate, intelligent, and caring people whose life work is that of justice. Unsurprisingly, many of the National Center for Urban Education (NCUE) staff, affiliated faculty, students, and community partners had a hand in various aspects of the conference.

CRCC Program Chair and NCUE-affiliated faculty Dr. Shamaine Bertrand and others questioned: What if we begin to build a sustainable movement across campus? Dr. April Mustian, CRCC Chair and Director of Faculty Development and INFUSE Coordinator for NCUE, stated the conference was aimed to be clear and honest about what is still standing in the way of reaching solidarity.

CTEP Director Jennifer OMalley speaks during the Neuroscience presentation at the CRCC conference.

NCUE staff and community partners heard this call and led two workshops during the conference. The first session was titled Cultivating an Understanding of Neuroscience to Empower Urban School Communities. Jennifer OMalley, Director of the Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline (CTEP) at NCUE along with Chicago community partners: Brienne Ahearn of North River Commission, Carlos Millan of The Resurrection Project, Ana Mosqueda of Latinos Progresando, and Gynger Garcia of Breakthrough shared how an understanding of fundamental concepts in brain development can empower educators. They affirmed that when neuroscience concepts are partnered with community knowledge, educators can bring empathy to any learning space to be truly culturally responsive.

The second NCUE workshop, led by CTEP Induction & Mentoring Director Apryl Riley, Melanie Christion of Greater Auburn Gresham Development Corporation, and Jose Guerrero, former CTEP staff and current Chicago Public Schools teacher, centered on restorative practices. Titled Promoting Equity and Teaching Empathy Through Restorative Circle Practices, the presentation showed how restorative practices are transformative ways to communicate with others and are intended to support and keep people accountable. Specifically, this presentation asserted that restorative circle practices are profound tools to integrate into urban education environments, K-12 classrooms and beyond. Restorative practices, characterized by awareness and intentionality, allow teachers and students to communicate more effectively with each other, and ultimately achieve a more equitable classroom.

Junior Genesis Robinson speaks at the main stage of the CRCC Conference, November 19.

The CRCC conference serves to ensure ISU and the surrounding community continues to commit to an inclusive, equitable, and culturally responsive campus. Genesis Robinson, a junior education major and two-time NCUE STEP-UP program alum, echoed this sentiment during her remarks to the conference audience attending the student-led session The Roots of Anti-blackness.

The way some people experience an institution is not the same as how others experience an institution. I think events like this shed light on that fact and how we need to see things from different perspectives, Robinson said.

NCUE is proud to be associated with such great leaders across our communities. Together, we aim to create a more just and equitable world for all.

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Reflections on the Culturally Responsive Campus Community (CRCC) Conference - News - Illinois State University News

How Women and Men Differ in Bed: It’s Complicated. – menshealth.com

Dean MitchellGetty Images

An important starting point for understanding sexual desire is to appreciate that hormones play a key role in motivating our sexual appetites and behaviors. In fact the operation of our sexual systems depends on a cascade of hormones that affect us at two critical points during our life cycleinitially during the course of embryonic development (these are called organizing effects, which establish the architecture of the brain/body) and later on, when we hit puberty (these are the activating effects, which turn on the wired-in systems).

Most people dont know that the masculinization of the brain and body happen during embryonic development at two distinct and separate points, facilitated by two different hormones, which has huge potential in clarifying some issues involving sexual orientation, gender identification, and transgenderism (in which the sex of the brain does not apparently match that of the body). As far as the activating effects of the hormones, we know that the hormone testosterone is responsible for the sex drive in both male and female mammals and people.

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What is not usually discussed (but has been well established) is that testosterone has more impact on the male mammalian brain. While it might be considered politically incorrect to call attention to fundamental differences in how male and female brains are wired, modern neuroscience has provided tons of evidence to support that there are indeed significant differences. Although it is true that the brain of each sex has some feminine and some masculine networks or circuits, if all goes according to plan in the process of embryological development, male brains simply have more places for the testosterone (and another hormone related to testosterone, vasopressin) to workby connecting with structures called receptors activated by the hormones. The receptive fields or places for testosterone to have influence are plentiful in the male brain. This feature explains the general finding that males tend to report having sex on the mind more frequently than females.

On the other hand, if all goes well during embryonic development, the female brain comes equipped with sufficient receptors sensitive to the hormone oxytocinthe hormone that is associated with decreased anxiety, increased trust, and social bonding. Oxytocin affects male brains similarly but there are substantially fewer oxytocin circuits in the male brain. Interestingly enough, the female sex hormone estrogen turns up the activity of the oxytocin circuits in the brain, while testosterone in the male brain fires up the vasopressin circuits, fueling competition and sexual interest.

Another fascinating aspect of female sexuality is that womens interest in the erotic can wax and wane in response to cyclical changes in brain chemistry. At peak fertility, when estrogen and progesterone levels are high, some women report more sexual thoughts and fantasies. Studies have also shown that women engage in more sexual behavior during their fertile periods (with rates of intercourse rising by 24 percent during the six days flanking ovulation). But way more than biology affects female sexuality. One need only read the fascinating research done by Dr. Meredith Chivers, a colleague from Queens University in Ontario, who has demonstrated that, in women, arousal of the genitals (as measured by blood flow in response to audiovisual erotic stimuli) simply doesnt translate into subjective sexual arousal or feeling turned on. In other words, blood flow to female genitals tends to be a nonspecific response to all sorts of erotic stimuli, regardless of the female participants sexual orientation, which doesnt necessarily correlate with feeling turned on. Blood flow to the womens genitals increases when the participants watched males with females, males with males, females with females, and even bonobos (those randy pygmy chimpanzees) getting it on.

This type of arousal is keenly different from how male arousal works: mens genitals only rise to the occasion, so to speak, in response to stimuli matching their own sexual orientation. And for men, increased blood flow to the penis in this type of study usually translates into increased subjective turn on. This explains why Viagra-type drugs dont work for women. With these drugs, you can indeed increase blood flow to the female genitals, but it doesnt do much for the ladies in terms of either subjective (experienced) arousal or desire. Suffice it to say that sexuality for women appears to have more complex underpinnings, which are not as well understood.

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Men and women also experience some aspects of sex differently. At first, in the early days, sexuality research by Masters and Johnson (1966), Kaplan (1979), and Lief (1977) described the sexual response cycle as a linear process that begins with desire/arousal, moves to a plateau or middle stage of intensified arousal or excitement, and then on to a third stage of orgasm and/or ejaculation. We have moved beyond this model not only because women dont fit neatly into it but also because we know so much more about the varying ways that humans in general become aroused and experience desire.

Several sexologists, including Beverly Whipple and K. B. Brash-McGeer and Rosemary Basson, distinguish the female sexual response cycle as being more circular than linear because there are so many more dimensions to what drives female desire and arousal. Basson shifted the nonlinear model farther by emphasizing that women are not necessarily motivated by sex for the release of orgasm but rather personal satisfaction, which may come through the emotional experience of intimacy with a partner. Essentially, for women, as compared with men, sexual desire might not be as driven by physically experienced horninessbut rather more motivated and accessed by and through the warm, intimate, and fuzzy partnership pathway.

Why are these models helpful or significant? Because they underscore that the pleasure of sex comes at different stages and in different forms: in the turn-on level of stimuli; in the predicted expectation that sex is going to happen; in the body-focused build-up of increased blood flow and muscle tension of the excitement and plateau stages; and ultimately in the release of the orgasm. If pleasure is experienced all along the way and is naturally variable, and the brains involvement is paramount, then how we think about solving our sexual problems needs to consider these realities.

Nan Wise, Ph.D., is AASECT certified sex therapist, neuroscientist, certified relationship expert. This piece is an excerpt from her new book, Why Good Sex Matters: Understanding the Neuroscience of Pleasure for a Smarter, Happier, and More Purpose-Filled Life, out Jan. 28, 2020. Follow her @AskDoctorNan.

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How Women and Men Differ in Bed: It's Complicated. - menshealth.com

Alum Embarks on Search For True Happiness, and Finds It All Across the USA – UConn Today

She should have been on top of the world.

Alumna Michelle Wax 12 (BUS), was in her mid-20s and already the owner of two successful companies in the food industry. Business was great, yet something was amiss.

I wasnt in a dark, dark place, but I found myself stressed out easily and with lots of self-doubt, Wax said. Thus began her search for greater happiness and fulfillment.

She isnt alone. A report released in March by the United Nations found that Americans are, overall, an unhappy lot. In fact, our international happiness ranking dropped for the third year in a row to No. 19 in the world. Americans have never been in the Top 10 since the report began in 2012.

Happiness is everyones ultimate goal, but how do we get there? Wax said. We think that well be happy when we reach that accomplishment or buy the house, or start the company, or meet the perfect person. Its always in the future.

But happiness today is easier to reach than you might think. Its a matter of taking control of your happiness and your life, regardless of outside people or circumstances. You dont need to accomplish a grand thing to feel fulfilled. It starts with small steps, if you know what they are.

Wax, a three-time entrepreneur, author, documentary maker and happy-life advocate, has created the American Happiness Project, consisting of workshops and programs designed to make participants feel more energetic and increase their personal sense of fulfillment. She presents at universities and corporations throughout the country. She has two presentations planned for UConn alumni, including one on Jan. 28 in Boston.

To develop her expertise, Wax spent months visiting all 50 states and creating a documentary from the conversations she had and the insights she got from truly happy people. Her subjects ranged from teenagers to people in their late 60s, from a variety of occupations and economic circumstances.

She spoke with people who were happy despite being diagnosed with late-stage cancer or whose homes had been destroyed in natural disasters. She also interviewed people with more routine struggles, such as disliking a job, feeling stuck in life, or experiencing stress and anxiety.

She has combined their wisdom with research on the neuroscience of how our brains are wired and how that ties into happiness. She studied how shifts in ones mindset can lead to greater tranquility.

The latest in neuroscience research ties directly into a persons happiness, she said. We can learn more about how our brains are wired and how we can use that to our advantage. There are easy steps you can start doing that impact your confidence, your belief in yourself, and your happiness, that can lead to a more fulfilling life.

During the course of her work, Wax found some common themes among people who are discontent.

Ive talked to a lot of people and what they seem to struggle with are questions such as Do I matter? and Am I making an impact on the world? she said. For many of these people, they are OK, theyre doing fine, but they dont have a strong sense of fulfillment and consistent happiness day to day.

Waxs program goes beyond work satisfaction to address life in a holistic way.

I have three goals in my workshops, she said. First, I want to connect people. Ive found that people are craving real connection. I want them to talk, get someones contact information, and follow up after the workshop to build a friendship. A lot of times we meet someone once at an event and have a great connection and never talk to them again.

Then we talk about neuroscience and how the mind is wired. If youre feeling stressed and are riddled with self-doubt, you can change that. My goal is to make that science more relatable and approachable and easy to understand, she said. Lastly, I give the audience immediate steps that they can take to improve their lives.

When I learned this knowledge and was able to change my mindset, it made such an impact on my entire life, she said. It had a trickle effect to the people in my life I truly care about, and hundreds of people since then.

Wax grew up in Dover, Mass., and her older brother Justin attended UConn. Michelle visited frequently and fell in love with the university.

She majored in management, with a concentration in entrepreneurship. One of her formative experiences was serving as vice president of event planning for the Student Entrepreneurship Organization. Meeting successful entrepreneurs, and hearing their encouraging messages, gave her the confidence to envision herself as her own boss.

During her junior year she interned at a tech startup, which eventually became LevelUp, a mobile ordering and payment platform that was acquired by Grubhub. She accepted a job there after graduation.

Within a year she was also running her own business, a cookie catering company called Kitchen Millie.

I started on the small side, doing it after work. I was able to build it up to a very successful business with prominent clients, she said. Kitchen Millie was named after my grandma. She was a good baker, but, more importantly, she instilled in me the importance of going after what you want and making it happen. So I did use some of her recipes, but it was more her character and attitude toward life that was the foundation of the business.

Having learned the ropes of entering the food industry, Wax started a second business, called The Local Fare, which helped coach and guide startups and growing food companies to leverage their success and avoid common mistakes. Last year she sold both businesses to devote all her time to American Happiness.

During her travels, from February to May of last year, Wax visited some of the countrys most beautiful locations. Through a LinkedIn posting, she was able to connect with people across the nation who were happy and content, despite having had some misfortunes in life.

I wanted to capture a broad range of people and discover how they had built happiness on a deep level, she said. One thing they all had in common was that they were excited about their lives, contributing to their communities, and living life with purpose.

New Englanders, she noted, tend to be more reserved in friendly conversation than people in other parts of the country. Shes a proponent of people taking a chance to reach out to others.

I got really good at talking to random people. Most people are open and honest and enjoy conversation once theyre approached, she said. I cant count how many amazing conversations I had just by saying, Hi. Hows it going?

Another lesson she learned is that people with a positive attitude are almost universally liked.

Positive people make a real impact. People like those who lift them higher, who are encouraging, who send a text that says, Youre amazing! she said. I found that those small gestures were so powerful.

Wax will share her American Happiness discoveries at a UConn alumni event in Boston on Jan. 28. A second presentation is tentatively planned for the Fall in Hartford. For more information, please visit alumni.business.uconn.edu or contact the Alumni Relations Office at (860) 486-2240.

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Alum Embarks on Search For True Happiness, and Finds It All Across the USA - UConn Today

New insights into globular glial tauopathy could aid in the design of better drugs – News-Medical.net

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of phospho-tau, in other words tau associated to phosphate groups. Globular Glial Tauopathy, as well as Alzheimer's, are members of this large group. It is characterized by the accumulation of phospho-tau in neurons and by the formation of protein inclusions in glial cells astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. The majority of this kind of tauopathy is spontaneous, but some of them are caused by specific mutations.

This study published at Acta Neuropathologica journal, was led by Dr. Isidre Ferrer, from Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Medicine and Health Science Faculty from Barcelona University (UB) and Bellvitge Hospital (HUB), with the collaboration of Dr. Jos Antonio del Ro from Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) and Biology Faculty from UB, both of them are members of Neuroscience Institute (UBNeuro) from UB. They studied several cases of patients with kind of tauopathy, genetic or spontaneous. The study shows that the addition of phosphate groups, is not specific to tau many other proteins are abnormally phosphorylated. This hyperphosphorylation induces protein disfunction and accumulation, which generates cell damage. Navarra Hospital also participates in these observations performing the proteomic and phosphorylation analysis.

Another relevant aspect of the study is that protein accumulation not only affects neurons, glial cells associated to them are also impaired, specifically astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Glial cell affectation could promote the loss of some neural connections. Moreover, these inclusions can travel neuron to neuron or glial cell to glial cell, which facilitates the damage spreading to other cerebral regions.

These findings provide new information for the design of new drugs that stop disease progression. Firstly, new drugs must act in other proteins apart from tau since tau is not the only protein with increased phosphorylation. On the other hand, a new player has emerged in the scene, glial cells that not only are interfering in the cerebral damage, but they also participate in the spreading of protein inclusions. Finally, new drugs that stop cellular transmission of protein inclusions could be an interesting target for this disease.

Source:

Journal reference:

Ferrer, I., et al. (2020) Familial globular glial tauopathy linked to MAPT mutations: molecular neuropathology and seeding capacity of a prototypical mixed neuronal and glial tauopathy. Acta Neuropathologica. doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-02122-9.

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New insights into globular glial tauopathy could aid in the design of better drugs - News-Medical.net

It’s OK to talk to yourself – The Happiness Connection – Castanet.net

Reen Rose -Jan 26, 2020 / 11:00 am | Story:275523

Photo: Stefania Stani/flickr

Do you talk to yourself? I do.

Let me clarify. I dont have conversations where I ask questions and then answer them. I verbally process my thoughts.

It isnt a behaviour I developed consciously. It wasnt until my siblings teased me about it that I became aware of its existence. It tends to happen when I am frustrated, annoyed, or trying to work through a problem.

I have been teased for decades that this is the first sign of madness, and for many years, I tried to hide this habit from others.

When I was at university in Victoria, I found a mirror that said, You can talk to me now. No ones looking.

I bought it and proudly hung it in my room for all to see. It provided me with a huge sense of relief.

Whether the creator intended to mock rather than console didnt matter. To me, the mirror unveiled the possibility that other people talked to themselves, too. I wasnt alone.

Ive become more comfortable over the years about owning who I am. I dont try to hide my personal conversations the way I once did. It helps that anyone who passes me in the car probably assumes I am talking on the phone, not to myself.

Despite this increase in self-acceptance, I felt comforted when I stumbled on an article called, The Neuroscience of Everybodys Favourite Topic. (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-neuroscience-of-everybody-favorite-topic-themselves/)

What is your favourite topic to talk about? You!

According to the research outlined in this article, when you are having a conversation, about 60 percent of what you say will be about you.

That statistic rises to 80 percent if you are communicating on social medial.

The researchers from the Harvard University Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab wanted to see what parts of the brain became active when subjects talked about themselves rather than about other people.

They discovered that talking about yourself activates the same areas of the brain as sex, cocaine, and good food.

You talk about yourself because it feels good.

They took these findings one step further. Does someone need to be listening to you when you talk about yourself, for it to be a pleasurable experience?

As a self-proclaimed self-talker, this caught my attention. Do I get subconscious pleasure from my verbal processing even though no one is listening to me? Im certain my topic is almost always me.

The same process as before was repeated with one difference. This time some of the responses would be shared and some would be kept private.

Each participant brought a friend or relative with them. These companions were put in an adjoining room.

Before subjects were asked questions about themselves or others, they were told whether their response would be live broadcast to the person they brought with them, or kept private, even from the research team.

The results showed that both talking about yourself and sharing your response brings pleasure. It also uncovered that these are additive. The greatest enjoyment comes from talking to other people about yourself; the least from talking privately about others.

Although it isnt as high, talking privately about yourself still comes with a strong hit of pleasure. That means that private self-reflection like writing in a journal or talking to yourself are feel-good activities.

Remember that next time you need a mood boost. Get out a photo album and write, think, or talk about your memories.

Im not sure what happened to my mirror from university, but this year I bought some wall art that gave me a similar level of comfort.

Of course, I talk to myself. Sometimes I need expert advice.

Reen Rose -Jan 19, 2020 / 11:00 am | Story:274977

Photo: Can Pac Swire/Flickr

If you read my column regularly, you may have been wondering what happened to me last weekend. For only the second time in three years, I didnt manage to submit an article.

As I was walking my dog last Friday, I slipped on some ice and broke my ankle. After an ambulance ride and multiple hours in emergency, I was sent home with a set of crutches and the expectation of surgery.

I had a lot of time to think while I was there. The battery on my phone died while I was in the ambulance, so I didnt even have that to help distract me.

My thoughts kept returning to the crutches. They made me think about Toastmasters where unnecessary words and sounds are called crutches. They hold space while your brain decides what it wants to say next.

That may sound like a good thing, but it isnt. These words can be very distracting. A good speaker shouldnt be afraid to be silent while they are gathering their thoughts. There is no need to insert ah or like. Just pause.

There is an ah-counter who keeps track of how many crutch words you use during each meeting. In our club, you pay a penalty for these infractions.

As a result, Ive tended to view the word crutch negatively. Before I had even tried to use them, I was suspicious of the silver sticks they were sending me home with.

Why are some crutches considered good and others arent?

This is where my mind went while I sat in emergency, waiting for my turn to be sedated.

Crutches are supports. Whats wrong with being supported?

The answer may seem obvious to you, or you may not care one way or the other. Welcome to my brain. It self-entertains by pondering things like this.

Are crutches of any sort good if they are only temporary?

I dont believe anyone would want to stay dependent on physical crutches if they had a choice. They are cumbersome and slow most people down.

Mental crutches are less visible and possibly more comfortable. If youve come to rely on having a couple of drinks before going to a social event to settle your anxiety, what incentive do you have to stop?

You may not even see your behaviour as a crutch.

Awareness is the first step towards transformation. You cant change something until you recognize that it exists.

New Toastmasters often dont believe the ah-counter when they report the number of times they said ah or whatever word they rely on to buy their brain some time. Once it is drawn to their attention, it is like a curtain has been lifted. They notice each crutch word as they utter it.

It isnt until you achieve awareness that you can make changes.

The same goes with crutch behaviors. They may have crept in so quietly and so long ago, that you arent consciously aware of them.

Whether you should try to eliminate the crutches in your life or not, is not my call.

I want to encourage you to become aware of them, so you can make that decision for yourself. Are they helping, or hindering you? Be honest.

Self-awareness is an important part of conscious living. Support is necessary sometimes. Dont be afraid to ask for it. But be aware of your crutches so you know when the time is right to let them go.

Reen Rose -Jan 5, 2020 / 11:13 am | Story:273884

Photo: Pixabay

Would life be easier in January if we didnt celebrate Christmas on Dec. 25?

There is so much happening during the holiday period that it is easy to let regular life slide. January can seem overwhelming with catching up on the old and getting started on the new.

Being busy has been a topic of discussion in the work and personal development worlds for some time. Unplugging from technology and taking time for yourself are commonly advised.

I cooked, cleaned, and changed the sheets on the bed numerous times as different people arrived to stay with me over the holiday period. I played more board games than Ive done in the past several decades and basked in the love and enjoyment of family and friends.

But the experts are right. Being ultra-busy comes at a cost.

I spent much of December hiding things in desk drawers and promising myself I would deal with them in the new year. Well, the new year is here.

They are out of sight and I have lots to do without adding them to my plate.

Its time to choose. Do I pretend my slate is clean and jump into the new year, or do I open the drawers?

Most years, I let these things stay hidden for months. Im too full of enthusiasm for new projects and building a spectacular new year to give them more than a passing thought.

This approach has never ended well. At the most inopportune time, the ghost of the year past rises.

Income tax deadlines wait for no woman. Suddenly, it doesnt matter what Im in the middle of, I have to give up days of my life to sort out the mess of paperwork and receipts that I chose to ignore in January.

But not this year.

Ive decided Im going to get on top of everything from 2019 before I embrace the excitement of my new years resolutions.

Its almost like I need to put my enthusiasm for what lies ahead in a drawer instead of the paperwork that is currently there.

This goes against all my January instincts. I want to look ahead and start new projects, not look back, or in my case look into my stuffed desk drawers.

To appease my desire to embrace the new, I am giving myself a hard deadline.

Even if it means staying up all night, I will not go to bed at the end of the weekend until my accounts are up to date, the Christmas decorations are packed away into my crawl space, and I have completed the paperwork that is clogging up my desk.

I may even take time in the coming week to create some better systems and task dates to stay on top of things this year. If the experience ahead of me is bad enough, I may feel sufficiently motivated to make that happen.

It doesnt matter whether you are more disciplined than me and go into every new year with the old stuff done. This is a great time to not only set intentions for the future, but to take time to put a bow on the past.

Ive been thinking how nice it would be if Christmas was at another time of the year, but perhaps the answer is to move the new year back a week or two.

In Reens world, the beginning of January is going to be a transition period. Im going to take time to tidy up the old before jumping into the new.

At least thats my intention. Ill let you know how I make out.

Rae Stewart -Dec 29, 2019 / 11:00 am | Story:273501

Photo: Contributed

Even if you arent a fan of new years resolutions, there is a good chance that you are thinking about what you want 2020 to be like.

January seems to come with an innate desire for a fresh start.

Whether you call them goals or resolutions, setting an intention for the year ahead is helpful for all sorts of reasons, including mindfulness.

You may be a fan of the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, timely) goal principle. If you want to lose weight, state how much, by when, and choose an amount that you believe is doable.

There are many situations when this is the perfect strategy to use, especially in business. But let me give you an alternative approach as you enter the new year.

Rather than choosing very specific goals for 2020, try selecting a theme word.

Instead of saying you want to lose 20 pounds, decide to be guided by the word health.

I like this alternative method for setting an intention for the year because you arent attaching success to a specific outcome.

What if your regular fitness regime and healthy eating dont result in a downward trend on your scales? Does that mean your resolution failed even though your clothes fit better?

How about if your decision to learn French gets thrown aside because you elect to get your masters degree, or become a certified yoga instructor?

Your specific outcome didnt happen, but you still took on a major new learning experience.

What if you had chosen the word learning instead of setting a specific goal?

I find this system more successful because it allows you to course correct throughout the year without stubbornly holding onto something that isnt working, or getting discouraged and stopping completely.

Of course, just like SMART goals, choosing a word only works if you commit yourself to doing what it takes to turn your intention into reality.

For those of you who are interested, let me talk you through the steps.

Brainstorm some of the things you want to do, have, or accomplish in 2020.

Dont stop to judge or evaluate them. Consider all aspects of your life, not just one. Your work, home, and personal lives intertwine and overlap to an extent that you will never be able to separate them completely.

Dont rush this step. Take a few days to complete it if you need to.

Judge and evaluate the items on your list.

Choose two or three that are most important to you for the year ahead. You may find some of the things you wrote down can be combined.

Look for a central theme among your choices. Ideally, you will find one word that applies to all of them in some way.

For example, lose weight, get a new job, and take more time for yourself may fit under the umbrella theme of self-care, opportunities, or upgrade.

You want something that resonates with what you hope 2020 will hold for you.

See the rest here:
It's OK to talk to yourself - The Happiness Connection - Castanet.net

The ‘Place’ Of Emotions in the Brain – Technology Networks

The entire set of our emotions is topographically represented in a small region of the brain, a 3 centimeters area of the cortex, report scientists in a study conducted at the IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. The discovery of this "map" of emotions comes from a work conducted by the Molecular Mind Laboratory (MoMiLab) directed by Professor Pietro Pietrini, and recently published in Nature Communications.

To investigate how the brain processes the distinct basic component of emotional states, the IMT School researchers asked a group of 15 volunteers enrolled in the study to express, define and rate their emotions while watching the iconic 1994 American movie Forrest Gump. For the entire length of the film, in fact, the 15 volunteers reported scene by scene their feelings and their respective strength on a scale from 1 to 100. Their answers were then compared to those of 15 other persons who had watched the same movie during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study conducted in Germany. The imaging data were obtained through "open science", a platform where scientists from different laboratories can share their data, so that anyone can replicate their findings or use the data for novel experiments, as in this case.

To unveil cortical regions involved in emotion processing, the "emotional ratings" were used by scientists for predicting the fMRI response of the brain. The correspondence between functional characteristics and the relative spatial arrangement of distinct patches of cortex was then used to test the topography of affective states. As researchers found out, the activation of temporo-parietal brain regions was associated to the affective states we feel in an exact moment, providing us with the map of our emotional experience.

The analysis of the data by Giada Lettieri, first author of the study along with Giacomo Handjaras, both PhD students at the IMT School, and their collaborators shows that the polarity, complexity and intensity of emotional experiences are represented by smooth transitions in right temporo-parietal territories. The spatial arrangement allows the brain to map a variety of affective states within a single patch of cortex.

To summarize, the right temporo-parietal junction can topographically represent the variety of the affective states that we experience: which emotions we feel in a specific moment, and how much we perceive them. The process resembles the way senses, like sight or hearing, are represented in the brain. For this reason, the researchers proposed the definition emotionotopy as a principle of emotion coding.

Historically, emotions have often been considered a "separate" human faculty, well distinct from cognition. As a matter of fact, this point of view has been recently challenged by various studies showing how much affective responses can influence cognitive processes, such as decision-making and memory. The IMT School study adds new details to this more recent view that the principles responsible for the representation of sensory stimuli are also responsible for the mapping of emotions.

"This study is also an interesting example of open science and sharing data initiatives in neuroscience", said Luca Cecchetti, senior author of the paper and Assistant Professor at the IMT School. "The fMRI data were collected by Michael Hanke and colleagues at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and publicly released at studyforrest.org. This allowed us to exploit high-quality neuroimaging data, at the same time saving resources and time. Following the same principle, we released data and code at https://osf.io/tzpdf/".

"Dissecting the brain correlates of elementary factors that modulate intensity and quality of our emotions has major implications to understand what happens when emotions get sick, as in case of depression and phobia. These studies are getting psychiatry closer to other fields of medicine in finding objective biological correlates of feelings, which are subjective states", commented Professor Pietro Pietrini, psychiatrist and co-author of the research, director of MoMiLab at the IMT School.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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The 'Place' Of Emotions in the Brain - Technology Networks

New University of Iowa Brain Sciences Building a long time coming – The Gazette

IOWA CITY Five years after the Board of Regents rejected a University of Iowa request to renovate its antiquated Seashore Hall which housed one of its largest undergraduate departments the campus on Friday finally realized its dream of a modern home for the Psychological and Brain Sciences.

In dedicating the new $33.5 million Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Building, the university introduced its first centralized home for the popular department, which boasts 1,200 psychology majors, 500 minors and 200-plus undergraduates conducting research in its labs.

Before now, the largest department in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences was dispersed among three buildings Spence Laboratories of Psychology, Stuit Hall and Seashore, built in 1899 as the campus first hospital.

The psychology department was assigned space in Seashore in 1930, with administrators long appealing for a more adequate environment.

After breaking ground on the six-story, 66,470-square-foot building east of Spence Labs, UI President Bruce Harreld in 2018 didnt mince words.

I say this with humor, but I actually at times do worry about where the cockroaches and other rodents are going to go, Harreld said, referencing the dilapidated Seashore. This is how bad we have let things get.

With the university pushing a renewed emphasis on neuroscience creating the Iowa Neuroscience Institute in 2016 and introducing an undergraduate major in neuroscience in 2017 the departments first centralized home is expected to transform teaching and research.

It will, according to UI officials, position the university to better prepare students for learning modern psychology, and finding jobs in the field.

The building is a long time coming, with the university in September 2014 pitching a $27 million project that would have modernized portions of Seashore Hall and eliminated outdated components.

Regents Milt Dakovich and Larry McKibben criticized that proposal as fixing something broken and old, prompting the university to return years later with an amended pitch.

Crews broke ground on the new Psychological and Brain Sciences Building in October 2017, and some administrators began using it this month, according to spokesman Richard Lewis.

In conjunction with the project, the university is razing Seashore Hall, work that started in 2000 with the structurally deficient southwest wing. The Board of Regents in 2016 approved razing the southeast section.

Then in September 2019, regents approved the third and final razing of Seashore, allowing crews to take down the remaining 128,000 square feet deemed inadequate to serve the teaching and research missions of current occupants.

By razing the space, UI officials projected saving $27.8 million in deferred maintenance costs. The $2.8 million to demolish Seashore is coming from Treasurers Temporary Investment Income.

The university is tapping that source and a combination of others, including gifts and earnings, to cover the cost of the new building.

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The UI Center for Advancement reported the university set no public fundraising goal for the project and has raised about $500,000 to date.

Comments: (319) 339-3158; vanessa.miller@thegazette.com

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New University of Iowa Brain Sciences Building a long time coming - The Gazette

Romania’s orphans early neglect, brain size and behaviour – ABC News

After the overthrow of a dictatorship in 1989, Romania was opened to the world for the first time in decades.

With it, around 170,000 orphans were discovered languishing in the harsh conditions of hundreds of institutions.

This left a generation of children who'd been brought up without care, stimulation or comfort.

And it prompted a comprehensive scientific effort to study the effects of institutionalisation on these children's wellbeing.

Many of these children were adopted by foreigners in the 1990s and some went to the United Kingdom.

Edmund Sonuga-Barke is Professor of Developmental Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience at Kings College London.

He's the senior author of a recent paper looking at brain development and function in a cohort of Romanian orphans whove been followed for decades since they came to the UK.

Guests:

Professor Edmund Sonuga-Barke

Professor of Developmental Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Kings College London

Host:

Dr Norman Swan

Producer:

James Bullen

See the article here:
Romania's orphans early neglect, brain size and behaviour - ABC News