Category Archives: Neuroscience

Neuroscience

We can combat the virus by equipping governments with an arsenal of neurotech – The National

On Saturday evening, French Prime Minister Edouard Philippe introduced a new set of measures to help contain the Covid-19 pandemic in France. He and the President observed that the first measures taken to limit assemblies were "imperfectly applied". This sounds to me like blaming the people. However, individual responsibility matters. Governments, not just the French one, hold a significant responsibility as well for not using the most advanced scientific methodology to improve their communication and strategies of behaviour change.

All around the world, administrations have worked with physicians to create a set of medically sound guidelines aimed at slowing down the Covid-19 spread. As is often the case in public health communication and prevention, the belief is that informing people is sufficient to change their behaviour. False. If this were the case, no physician would be smoking.

In public health communication and prevention, the belief is that informing people is sufficient to change their behaviour. False. If this were the case, no physician would be smoking

Now, imagine a handful of government advisers that are not biologists or epidemiologists gathered in the meeting room of a ministry of health. After an intense day of theoretical work, they claim they have found a vaccine to cure Covid-19.

Do you think a vaccine developed by non-experts who conducted zero experiment would work? And would you be willing to try it? Something tells me I am not the only one who would answer a firm No to both questions. Such a methodology being insanely dangerous.

This is not how the effort on finding a Covid-19 vaccine is being conducted. But more or less the modus operandi to design public health prevention and communication strategies in times of crisis. People who really understand our behaviours are not physicians, nor are they economists or policy makers in government task forces.

Those who master the science of persuasion, engagement and behaviour change are behavioural and brain scientists working for the consumer, entertainment and big tech industries. They use biometrics and neurotechnologies to conduct experiments. The brain data they collect, combined with a wealth of other information, are at the core of the design of apps we are glued to, the TV shows we binge watch, the delivery services that ease our lives and the products we cannot put down.

Why the need for neuroscience? Because relying on what one self-reports, looks at, smiles or frowns at is the human equivalent of observing the smoke of your car, listening to its noise and sensing its temperature. It adds up to sometimes useful peripheral data but that which does not tell the whole story. Nothing beats monitoring the engine, our brain, together with the various environments altering its functioning that matters as much as the brain itself.

Governments very rightly leverage biology in the current crisis but they should not ignore the benefits of neuroscience. Especially the French government. In 2009, I became the head of the Neuroscience and Public Policy program. A world premiere at the Prime Ministers Center for Strategic Analyses. With my team, we published the first ever government report introducing how to use neuroscientific methods and technologies to improve communication and prevention in public health. Advisers to former US President Barack Obama, and the British Government, including future Nobel Laureate Richard Thaler contributed. This report was released a decade ago on March 16, 2010.

One could argue that French authorities ignored it because it was not good enough. Well, a dozen of governments and global organizations reached out to learn about our solutions informed by neuroscience, including the World Economic Forum (WEF) which later named me its global head of strategy in health and healthcare. There might have been a couple of things in this report that made sense after all.

The WEF understood early on that health and healthcare are not a just a medical matter but a systemic one. And neuroscience is of significant help to change health-related behaviours for the better.

Neuro-technologies can be used to accurately measure the effect of certain words on the reward circuit of the brain, a network that play a key role in our decisions. Being able to monitor the synchrony between the brain activity of multiple people interacting provides unprecedented insight on how trust evolves. Quite relevant to the current crisis, functional brain data was found to be a better predictor of the impact of a health-related behaviour change campaign than what people answered in a survey.

Last week, I flew from Atlanta to participate in meetings at the French Ministry of Health in Paris. The afternoon before French President Emmanuel Macron gave his address, I introduced physicians and inter-ministerial advisers to the latest benefits of using neurotech in health prevention. Most had never heard of it before and tried to shake my hand to thank me. Clearly the messaging on shaking hands had not yet sunk in.

Thanks to portable neurotechnologies brain data can now be recorded everywhere, participants no longer being stuck in medical and scientific facilities. Data processing no longer takes weeks. We can now collect and analyse brain data in real-time on thousands of workers stuck in their homes.

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis, I have spoken to many neurotech entrepreneurs and neuroscience leaders. Many like us are already working pro bono to test for the most effective Covid-19 health messaging strategy.

Brains matter. They are our best weapon to win the war against Covid-19. Governments can no longer avoid adding neurotech to their arsenal.

Professor Olivier Oullier is the president of Emotiv, a neuroscientist and a DJ

Updated: March 17, 2020 12:13 PM

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We can combat the virus by equipping governments with an arsenal of neurotech - The National

Neuroscience

New research on brain structure highlights cells linked to Alzheimer’s and autism – Cambridge Network

Published yesterday (16 March) in Nature Neuroscience, the most in-depth study of its kind is set to change the way we think about the brain and the role of cells such as astrocytes. This knowledge will have with implications for the study of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis and autism.

In the past 20 years, research has shown glial cells to be key players in brain development and function, as well as promising targets for better understanding neurological disorders. Alzheimer's causes around two thirds of dementia cases in the UK, which affects around 850,000 individuals at present*. MS is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system and impacts around 100,000 people in the UK**. Autism affects around one in every hundred people in the UK***.

'Glial' comes from the Greek word for 'glue' or 'putty'. At one time, glial cells were thought of as 'brain putty' - functionally similar, passive cells whose only function was to fill the space around the 'all important' neurons. However, new studies are showing their critical importance in regulating neuron functions^. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell, so called because of their 'star-shaped' structure^^.

Despite the wealth of knowledge on neuronal function and the organisation of neurons into layers, prior to this study there had been little investigation into whether glial cells across different layers showed different cellular properties. To answer this question, the researchers developed a new methodological approach to provide a more detailed view of the organisation of astrocytes than ever before.

Nucleic acid imaging was carried out on mouse and human brain samples at the University of Cambridge to map how new genes are expressed within tissue. These maps were combined with single cell genomic data at the Wellcome Sanger Institute to extend the molecular description of astrocytes. These data sets were then combined to create a three-dimensional, high-resolution picture of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex.

The team discovered that astrocytes are not uniform as previously thought, but take distinct molecular forms depending on their location in the cerebral cortex. They found that astrocytes are also organised into multiple layers, but that the boundaries of astrocyte layers are not identical to the neuronal layers. Instead, astrocyte layers have less sharply defined edges and overlap the neuronal layers.

Dr Omer Bayraktar, Group Leader at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said: "The discovery that astrocytes are organised into layers that are similar, but not identical to, neuronal layers redefines our view of the structure of the mammalian brain. The structure of the cerebral cortex can no longer simply be seen as the structure of neurons. If you want to properly understand how our brains work, you have to consider how astrocytes are organised and what role they play."

As well as increasing our understanding of brain biology, the findings will have implications for the study and treatment of human neurological disorders. Over the past decade glial cells, rather than neurons, have been heavily implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis.

Professor David Rowitch, senior author of the study and Head of Paediatrics at the University of Cambridge, said: "This study shows that the cortical architecture is more complex than previously thought. It provides a basis to begin to understand the precise roles played by astrocytes, and how they are involved in human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases."

Image credit: Bayraktar lab, Wellcome Sanger Institute and Rowitch lab, University of Cambridge

In the cerebral cortex of the mammalian brain, neurons are the cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. It has long been recognised that the 10-14 billion neurons of the human cerebral cortex are organised into six layers, with distinct populations of neurons in each layer that correspond to their function https://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_11.html

* More information on Alzheimers disease can be found here: https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/about-dementia/types-of-dementia/alzheimers-disease/about/

**More information about MS can be found here: https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/what-is-ms

*** More Information on autism is available from the National Autistic Society: https://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is/asd.aspx

^ An overview of the changing status of glial cells is available at: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/brainwaves/know-your-neurons-meet-the-glia/

^^ Only half of the cells in the human cerebral cortex are neurons, the other half are glial cells, of which astrocytes are a type. The molecular signals that astrocytes provide are essential for forming synapses between neurons. They regulate synapse formation in the developing brain, as well as refining synapses in the maturing brain 'pruning' extra synapses to sculpt neuronal networks.

Omer Ali Bayraktar, Theresa Bartels and Staffan Holmqvist et al. (2020). Astrocyte layers in the mammalian cerebral cortex revealed by a single-cell in situ transcriptomic map. Nature Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-0602-1

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New research on brain structure highlights cells linked to Alzheimer's and autism - Cambridge Network

Neuroscience

The Neuroscience of Free Will: A Q & A with Robyn Repko Waller – Scientific American

Who are you and howdid you become interested in free will?

I am an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Iona College where I also serve as a faculty member for the Iona Neuroscience program. I have previously worked in the Scientific and Philosophical Studies of Mind program at Franklin and Marshall College as well as previous appointments as a Lecturer at Kings College London and University of Alabama. My recent and forthcoming publications focus on issues of autonomy in terms of philosophical accounts of free will as well as how it intersects with neuroscience and psychiatry. One of the main questions I investigate is what neuroscience can tell us about meaningful agency (see here for my recent review of the topic as part of an extended review of research on agency, freedom, and responsibility for the John Templeton Foundation).

I became interested in free will via an interdisciplinary route. As an undergraduate at Grinnell College, I majored in psychology with a strong emphasis on experimental psychology and clinical psychology. During my senior year at Grinnell I realized that I was fascinated by the theoretical issues operating in the background of the psychological studies that we read and conducted, especially issues of how the mind is related to the brain, prospects for the scientific study of consciousness, and how humans as agents fit into a natural picture of the world. So I followed these interests to the study of philosophy of psychology and eventually found my way to the perfect fusion of these topics: the neuroscience of free will.

What is free will?

Free will seems to be a familiar feature of our everyday lives most of us believe that (at least at times) what we do is up to usto some extent. For instance, that I freely decided to take my job or that I am acting freely when I decide to go for a run this afternoon. Free will is not just that I move about in the world to achieve a goal, but that I exercise meaningful control over what I decide to do. My decisions and actions are up to mein the sense that they are mine a product of my values, desires, beliefs, and intentions. I decided to take this job because I valued the institutions mission or I believed that this job would be enriching or a good fit for me.

Correspondingly, it seems to me that at least at times I could have decided to and done something else than what I did. I decided to go for a run this afternoon, but no one made meand I wasnt subject to any compulsion; I could have gone for a coffee instead, at least it seems to me.

Philosophers take these starting points and work to construct plausible accounts of free will. Broadly speaking, there is a lot of disagreement as to the right view of free will, but most philosophers believe that a person has free will if they have the ability to act freely, and that this kind of control is linked to whether it would be appropriate to hold that person responsible (e.g., blame or praise them) for what they do. For instance, we dont typically hold people responsible for what they do if they were acting under severe threat or inner compulsion.

How do neuroscientists study free will?

There are plenty of sensational claims about the brain science of free will out there and lots of back and forth about whether or not science disproves free will (e.g., My brain made me do it). Given the strong link between free will and systems of moral and legal responsibility, like punishment, the stakes are high not just for our conception of human nature, but also for our everyday practices that matter.

The current neuroscience of free will traces its lineage back to an influential experiment by Benjamin Libet and his colleagues. The majority of our actions begin with bodily movements, and most of us think that when we decide to move (e.g., decide to pick up my cup of tea), first I, the agent or person, decides and then I hand off control, so to speak, to the brain circuits for motor control to execute the action.

It was known since the 1960s from work by Kornhuber and Deecke that there is slow buildup of negative brain activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA measurable by electoencephalography (EEG) just prior to voluntary (i.e., movement initiated by the participant) bodily movement. This brain activity, called the readiness potential (RP), was taken to be neural preparation to move for spontaneous movements and starts about a half second before time of the movement (here).

So Libet and his fellow researchers ask when does the agent appear in relation to the RP? The agents decision has to be something measurable in the lab, so Libet asked participants to make movements (of the finger or wrist) at a time of their choosing and then report after the fact when they were first aware of their decision or urge to move using a modified clock (termed W time).

Libet found, contra the commonsense expectation, that the average reported time of first awareness of decision to move, W-time, occurred almost a third of a second after the start of the RP. So Libet (and select others since) concluded that the RP is the brains unconscious decision to move with the agents decision occurring later (here).

Libet took this as evidence that the conscious agent or self doesnt initiate, or kick off, preparation to act, the unconscious brain does. He argued that this result is representative of how all of our voluntary movements are produced, and, if so, then the agents conscious decision to act doesnt initiate the process leading to movement. But if the agent doesnt play this initiating role in acting, how can it be up to mehow I act?

These results have worried a lot of folks and inspired a booming research enterprise in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy. One shouldnt jump to the depressing conclusion, though, that we dont act freely or dont really deserve any of the moral reactions others have to our actions; there is a healthy discussion on how the original Libet results can be interpreted as consistent with that picture of us humans as self-governing and free and moral persons.

W-time is taken to indicate moment of awareness of a decision. Can we capture "moments of conscious awareness"scientifically?

Since the initial publication of Libet and colleagues study, worries about whether we could measure time of conscious awareness have been voiced. After all, we are talking here about the timeframe of milliseconds. In these studies all of the events measured prior to movement in the lab are happening within one second before the participant wiggles a finger or hand (now button presses are the preferred movement). Libet argued that W-time within a reasonable range was reliable since we can see how accurately participants in the lab estimate the time of other events, such as skin shocks. The reliability of W-time has recently been challenged yet again with a new study that concludes that depending on the order in which participants complete certain tasks in the experiment, W-time can be strikingly different (i.e., there is an order effect; seehere).

Other researchers are currently exploring alternative ways to measure a decision to move in the lab, including work by Pars-Pujolrs and co-authors, who have been using an online(i.e., pre-movement) measure of the agents awareness of a decision to move (here).

In these studies participants watch a continuous stream of letters on a computer while spontaneously pressing a button. Every now and then, though, the letters change color. When this happens participants are told to press the button just then if they were already aware of their preparing to press the button soon. These kinds of onlinemeasures of awareness may yet prove to be more reliable ways of getting at whether people have conscious intentions to act in the lab.

Whats the latest work on neuroscience of free will?

Two of the hottest topics seem to be, first, what exactly the RP, that negative build-up of brain activity pre-movement, really signifies and, second, how we can make our voluntary actions in the lab more ecologically valid.As to the first, the past decade has seen researchers investigating if we have evidence that the RP really does stand for a decision to move or, alternatively, if the RP just is the brains being biased to move in some way (say, left, instead of right) without the commitment to do so.

Others test the possibility that the RP isnt really movement specific activity at all (e.g., general cognitive preparation to perform a task voluntarily). Others, such as Schurger and colleagues, have argued via empirical studies that the RP is the neural signature that we pick up when are actions are generated by neural noise crossing some threshold (here). That possibility would be alarming as then our actions, which we take to be undertaken by me for reasons, may really just be the passive result of fluctuating brain activity.

As to the second hot issue, researchers are now attempting to design tasks in the lab that are closer to the kind of decisions and action that we engage in daily. Libet argued that a simple movement like a wrist flex or button press could stand in for the more complex actions, as the RP has been shown to occur prior to more complex movements in the lab. Hence we could give a unified explanation of the timing of events involving practical decisions and bodily movements.

But many, myself included, have voiced concern that when to press a button or whether to press a left or right button, just isnt the right kind of action to stake a claim that we as agents dont initiate our actions via our conscious intentions to act. Hence, some of the ongoing work involves making the choice of which button to press or when to press it meaningful via rewards or penalties for skipping ahead or value-laden options, such as charity donations.*

And, of course, there are plenty of neuroimaging tools at the disposal of cognitive neuroscientists. Some of the most interesting replications and extensions of the Libet findings have been done using singe-cell recording and fMRI among other technologies (see here and here, respectively). In fact, the neuroscience of free will has been and currently isthe focus of some major research grants, such as the Big Questions in Free Will project (2010-2014, Principal Investigator Dr. Alfred Mele) and the Consciousness and Free Will project (2019-, a collaboration across 17 PIs), each of which involves philosophers and numerous neuroscientific labs worldwide. From these grants I think we should expect further clarity on whats going on under the hood, so to speak, when we decide what to do and act voluntarily.

Are there any other results in neuroscience that tell us something intriguing about our agential control?

Yes, one of the aspects of our lives that seems the most undeniable is that we really do experience ourselves as in control of our movements and their effects in the world. There is a large body of work in cognitive neuroscience which focuses on this sense of agency via research on whats been termed intentional binding (for a recent academic review see here).

Basically, if you ask participants in clever experimental set-ups to judge whether some event (e.g., icon moving on a computer screen) was the outcome of their agency or someone elses (i.e., I did that judgments), participants tend to misjudge an outcome to be a result of their own agency if it is a positive one and misjudge an outcome to be the result of anothers agency if it is a negative one. That is, there is a self-serving biasto explicit sense of agency judgments (For interesting results in this regard see Wegner and Wheatleys 1999 paper here and other earlier work in psychology on attribution theory).

Cognitive neuroscientists have found a methodology to study our sense that we are in control of our actions and actional outcomes without surveying participants explicit I did that judgments. Instead, experimenters ask participants to judge the time of various events, including their movements (e.g., a button press) and the sensory outcomes of those movements (e.g., a beep following the button press). What researchers have found is that if you voluntarily press a button and hear a tone as a consequence, you are going to judge that the time of the movement and the time of the tone are much closer together in perceived space than if you are caused to move (via neural stimulation) and hear a tone as a consequence.

In other words, the perceived time of the action and the tone bind together in perceptual space when you act voluntarily as opposed to when you are caused to move or simply judge the time of events without acting (here). Whats intriguing about this research on agency, then, is that our perceptual judgments about the world seem to distinguish when we act from when something is done to us. Research work on intentional binding has tackled more ecologically valid issues of sense of agency when acting under emotional distress, due to coercion, and in the face of options.*

* Neuroscientists working on more representative kinds of decisions and/or sense of agency in more ecologically valid contexts include researchers in the UCL Action and Body Lab at University College London and The Brain Institute at Chapman University, among others.

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The Neuroscience of Free Will: A Q & A with Robyn Repko Waller - Scientific American

Neuroscience

Davis Project for Peace Winners to Initiate Menstrual Help for Refugees in Uganda – Colby College

When premed students Sravya Bahudodda 21 and Faiza Qazi 21 think back to Jan Plan of their sophomore year, they immediately recall their Ugandan host sisters. During their short homestay in Kikuube, a village in western Uganda, the girls often stayed up listening to music, dancing, and chattingconversations that sometimes caught all of them off guard.

With our interest in healthcare, we started asking them questions like, How do you get to the hospital in such a remote area? What is access to those kinds of resources like here? said Bahudodda. And we saw the shock in one of the girls faces when she said, Im really worried that I wont be able to go to school once I get my period.

Spending more time in different communities, Bahudodda and Qazi realized that what their host sister voiced was a serious, widespread concern, impacting countless Ugandan girls and refugees.

SravyaBahudodda 21, left, andFaizaQazi 21 have been awarded a $10,000 Project for Peace award, which theyll use to help young girls in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in western Uganda better handle challenges relating to menstruation. (Photo by Naomi Williams)

Through their Jan Plan course Field Study in African Development, taught by Assistant Professor of Government Laura Seay, the Colby pair learned about the work of NGOs tackling this problem. There are people trying to help a lot of populations out, but that population did not include the refugees, said Qazi, a Posse Scholar from Houston, Texas, double majoring in psychology: neuroscience and government. To Bahudodda and Qazi that was concerning, especially because Uganda is one of the largest refugee-hosting nations in the world.

We learned a lot from the class, but we wanted to act on it, said Bahudodda, a biology: neuroscience and science, technology, and society double major from Farmington, Conn. The pair, with support from Seay, developed Sew in Peace: A Menstrual Health Initiative for Refugees in Uganda, one of the 125 Davis Projects for Peace winners for 2020.

With the $10,000 award, Bahudodda and Qazi will spend the summer at the Nakivale Refugee Settlement in western Uganda to implement their three-fold project.

First, they will introduce reusable sanitary pads to the community. Then, together with a local NGO called Raising Teenagers Uganda, they will set up a permanent space with sewing machines, where women will learn to make their own menstrual pads and anything else they need.

Thats where the sustainability part comes in, said Qazi. These machines are a way to not only just start up their own lives, but also start up a business of their own. In the long run, the two are hoping that women can start selling their handmade products, allowing them to regain control over their lives and have economic independence.

The final component will be education, teaching girls about menstrual health. I think a large part of our curriculum is going to be the stigmas, because thats a huge, huge barrier, said Bahudodda.

Said Qazi: Women are our focus because were women. If were not going to empower each other, I dont know how its supposed to happen.

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Projects for Peace was the vision of philanthropist Kathryn W. Davis on the occasion of her 100th birthday in 2007. The initiative, open to all undergraduate students at the partner schools of the Davis UWC Scholars Program, challenges students to create summer projects that would tackle causes of conflict and contribute to creating lasting peace. Since its creation, the initiative has funded more than 700 projects in over 100 countries. To learn more about Projects for Peace, visit davisprojectsforpeace.org.

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Davis Project for Peace Winners to Initiate Menstrual Help for Refugees in Uganda - Colby College

Neuroscience

Fox Cities Stadium will be closed until at least April 6 because of coronavirus – Post-Crescent

USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 3:08 p.m. CT March 16, 2020 | Updated 3:09 p.m. CT March 16, 2020

Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium will be closed until at least April 6, the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers announced Monday.(Photo: Chris Kohley/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)

GRAND CHUTE - The Wisconsin Timber Rattlers announced Monday that they will close Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium due to the coronavirus outbreak.

The closing is effective immediately and will continue until at least April 6.The business office, the Snake Pit team storeand the Fox Club are affected by the closure.

Timber Rattlers president Rob Zerjav released the following letter in conjunction with the announcement:

"Dear Timber Rattlers Fans,

"With the recent closure of Spring Training camps and the delay to the start of the Major League Baseball season, the Minor League Baseball season, including the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers, will also not start as previously planned on April 9.At this time, there has been no determination as to when the season might begin.

"With the health and well-being of the players, coaches, umpires, team employees and our fans in mind, we will continue to monitor the developments and follow guidelines set forth by public health agencies and our partners at Major League Baseball.

"Once the public health experts and agencies have decided it is safe to begin the 2020 season, and the players are physically ready to begin the season, we will do so.For now, we ask all fans to follow the protocols set forth by public health officials, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

"As of today, the state of Wisconsin has placed a ban on all mass gatherings of 50 or more people.As such, all events scheduled in the Fox Club banquet facility at the stadium through May 11 will be postponed.This will include Fan Fest, the Welcome Home Banquet and Easter Brunch, which was scheduled for Sunday, April 12.In addition, the entire stadium and facility will be closed to the general public until at least April 6, 2020.Please visit timberrattlers.com or our social media channels to stay connected with the most up to date information.

"Your health and safety are the top priority right now and our thoughts are with those around the world who have been affected by this outbreak."

The Timber Rattlers were scheduled to open the season April 9 at 6:35 p.m. against the Burlington Bees at Fox Cities Stadium.

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Fox Cities Stadium will be closed until at least April 6 because of coronavirus - Post-Crescent

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Market Size and Shares, Industry Research Report | GE Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Noldus Information Technology – 3rd Watch News

Neuroscience Market Research Report provides in-depth information and professional study 2020-2025 of Neuroscience Market. This report is segmented into Manufactures, Types, Applications, and Regions. The keyword market report also shares details of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and production value with some important factors that can lead to market growth.

The Global Neuroscience Market Report provides Insightful information to the clients enhancing their basic leadership capacity identified with the worldwide Neuroscience Market business. Utilizing figures, charts, and flowcharts in the report, the specialists represented the analyzed information in a superior acceptable manner. This report identifies that in this rapidly changing and competitive landscape with growth significant CAGR during Forecast, the latest marketing facts are essential to monitor performance and make crucial decisions for progress and profitability.

To Get PDF Broucher of Neuroscience Market 2020, Click Here @https://www.reportsmonitor.com/request_sample/889730

The Major Players Covered in this Report:GE Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Noldus Information Technology, Mightex Bioscience, Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Blackrock Microsystems, Tucker-Davis Technologies, Plexon, Phoenix Technology Group, NeuroNexus, Alpha Omega & More.

Segmentation by product type:Whole Brain ImagingNeuro-MicroscopyElectrophysiology TechnologiesNeuro-Cellular ManipulationStereotaxic SurgeriesAnimal BehaviorOthers

Segmentation by application:HospitalsDiagnostic LaboratoriesResearch InstitutesOthers

Regional Analysis For Neuroscience Market:

North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, and Italy)Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, and Southeast Asia)South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)

In this Report, the Years Considered to Estimate the Market Size of the Neuroscience are as Follows:

History Year: 2015-2020 | Base Year: 2019 | Estimated Year: 2020 | Forecast Year 2020 to 2025

Market Segments:

The global Neuroscience market is segmented on the basis of the type of product, application, and region. The analysts authoring the report provide a meticulous evaluation of all of the segments included in the report. The segments are studied keeping in view their market share, revenue, market growth rate, and other vital factors. The segmentation study equips interested parties to identify high-growth portions of the global Neuroscience market and understand how the leading segments could grow during the forecast period.

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The research report covers size, share, trends and growth analysis of the Neuroscience Market on the global and regional levels.

This report considers the below mentioned key questions:

Q.1. What are some of the most favorable, high-growth prospects for the global Neuroscience market?

Q.2. Which product segments will grow at a faster rate throughout the forecast period and why?

Q.3. Which geography will grow at a faster rate and why?

Q.4. What are the major factors impacting market prospects? What are the driving factors, restraints, and challenges in this Neuroscience market?

Q.5. What are the challenges and competitive threats to the market?

Q.6. What are the evolving trends in this Neuroscience market and the reasons behind their emergence?

Q.7. What are some of the changing customer demands in the Neuroscience Industry market?

Q.8. What are the new growth prospects in the Neuroscience market and which competitors are showing prominent results in these prospects?

Q.9. Who are the leading pioneers in this Neuroscience market? What tactical initiatives are being taken by major companies for growth?

Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this Neuroscience market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by product substitution?

Q.11. What M&A activity has taken place in the historical years in this Neuroscience market?

Click to view the full report details, Reports TOC, Figure and [emailprotected]https://www.reportsmonitor.com/report/889730/Neuroscience-Market

To conclude, the Neuroscience Industry report mentions the key geographies, market landscapes alongside the product price, revenue, volume, production, supply, demand, market growth rate, and forecast, etc. This report also provides SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.

Contact UsJay MatthewsDirect: +1 513 549 5911 (U.S.)+44 203 318 2846 (U.K.)Email: [emailprotected]

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Neuroscience Market Size and Shares, Industry Research Report | GE Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Noldus Information Technology - 3rd Watch News

Neuroscience

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in the US 2020-2024 | Evolving Opportunities with Accurate Neuromonitoring LLC and Cadwell Industries Inc. |…

The intraoperative neuromonitoring market in US is poised to grow by USD 955.33 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of over 10% during the forecast period. Request free sample pages

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200316005573/en/

Technavio has announced its latest US research report titled Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in US 2020-2024 (Graphic: Business Wire)

Read the 120-page report with TOC on "Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market In US Analysis Report by Type (Insourced IONM and Outsourced IONM), Application (Orthopedic and neurosurgeries, Cardiovascular surgeries, ENT surgeries, and Other surgeries), Methodology (Evoked potential (EP) monitoring, Electroencephalogram (EEG), and Electromyography (EMG), End-user (Hospitals, Ambulatory surgical centers (ASG), and Other end-users), and the Segment Forecasts, 2020-2024".

https://www.technavio.com/report/intraoperative-neuromonitoring-market-in-us-industry-analysis

The market is driven by the increasing number of surgeries that require IONM. In addition, the rising adoption of remote IONM is anticipated to boost the growth of the intraoperative neuromonitoring market in the US.

The number of high-risk surgeries such as cardiovascular procedure, musculoskeletal, and spinal is increasing. Many people in the US, suffering from this condition experience severe long-term pain and disabilities. In addition, patients suffering from cervical or neck pain and lumbar or low back pain require medical attention. IONM are extensively used by surgeons because these medical conditions are often associated with neurological complications. For instance, surgeons use IONM while performing spine surgery because it allows the early identification of electrophysiologic changes. It is also used to identify hemodynamic and other abnormalities. Thus, the increasing number of surgeries that require IONM is expected to drive market growth during the forecast period.

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Major Five Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Companies in the US:

Accurate Neuromonitoring LLC

Accurate Neuromonitoring LLC operates the business under the Services segment. The company offers various services including motor strip mapping, cranial nerve monitoring, pedicle screw stimulations, and more. It also offers intraoperative neuromonitoring for performing neuro-surgical and other procedures.

Cadwell Industries Inc.

Cadwell Industries Inc. offers products through the following business units: EEG, EMG, IONM, Sleep, CADLINK, and Electrodes and accessories. The company offers Cascade IOMAX, Cascade PRO, Arc Alterna, and Arc Essentia.

Computational Diagnostics Inc.

Computational Diagnostics Inc. operates under various business segments, namely NeuroNet and Services. The company offers NeuroNet VII, NN600, and NN650. NN650 is a durable and easy to use IOM system, whereas, NN600 is a portable multi-modality capable system.

IntraNerve Neuroscience Holdings LC

IntraNerve Neuroscience Holdings LC offers products through the Services business segment. The company offers neuroscience services such as remote professional interpretation services, neurotelemetry/cEEG services, and intraoperative neuromonitoring services.

Story continues

Medtronic Plc

Medtronic Plc offers products through the following business segments: Cardiac and Vascular Group, Minimally Invasive Therapies Group, Restorative Therapies Group, and Diabetes Group. The company offers NIM-RESPONSE 3.0, BIS Complete 2-Channel Monitor, BIS Complete 4-Channel Monitor, and NIM-Neuro 3.0.

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Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in US: Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2020-2024)

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in US: Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2020-2024)

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in US: Methodology Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2020-2024)

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in US: End-user Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2020-2024)

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Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Market in the US 2020-2024 | Evolving Opportunities with Accurate Neuromonitoring LLC and Cadwell Industries Inc. |...

Neuroscience

Global Neuroscience Market 2020 | Increasing Demand With Leading Key Players : Alpha Omega, Axion Biosystems, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics…

The Global Neuroscience Market report gives future prospects and detailed prognosis of the Neuroscience market. The report features the major market events including latest trends, technological advancements, growth opportunities and market players such as (Alpha Omega, Axion Biosystems, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics Ltd., Intan Technologies, LaVision Biotec GmbH, Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Neuralynx Inc., NeuroNexus Technologies, Neurotar Ltd., Newport Corporation, Plexon Inc., Scientifica Ltd., Sutter Instrument Corporation, Thomas Recording GmbH, and Trifoil Imaging Inc.) in the global market that helps investors and industry experts to make crucial business decisions. Additionally, this report focuses on the interest of Neuroscience is developing and all the vital factors that contribute to overall market growth.

The Neuroscience market report provides successfully marked contemplated policy changes, favorable circumstances, industry news, developments, and trends. The association can prepare the entirety of this information to fortify their market existence it packs various parts of information gathered from secondary sources including press releases, web, magazines, and journals as numbers, tables, pie-charts, and graphs. The information is verified and validated through primary interviews and questionnaires. The data on growth and trends focuses on new technologies, market capacities, markets and materials, CAPEX cycle and the dynamic structure of the Neuroscience market.

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This study analyzes the growth of Neuroscience based on the present, past and futuristic data and will render entire information about the Neuroscience industry to the market-leading industry players that will guide the direction of the Neuroscience market through the forecast period. All of these players are analyzed in detail so as to get details concerning their recent announcements and partnerships, product/services, investment strategies and so on.

The Neuroscience market report highlights the region particularly in the United States, Europe, China, Japan, South-east Asia, India, Central & South America.

The Prominent Key Players in Neuroscience Market:Alpha Omega, Axion Biosystems, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics Ltd., Intan Technologies, LaVision Biotec GmbH, Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Neuralynx Inc., NeuroNexus Technologies, Neurotar Ltd., Newport Corporation, Plexon Inc., Scientifica Ltd., Sutter Instrument Corporation, Thomas Recording GmbH, and Trifoil Imaging Inc.

Key Highlights from Neuroscience Market Study:

Sales Forecast:The report contains historical revenue and volume that backing information about the market capacity and it helps to evaluate conjecture numbers for key areas in the Neuroscience market. Additionally, it includes a share of each and every segment of the Neuroscience market giving methodical information about types and applications of the market.

Industrial Analysis:The Neuroscience market report is extensively categorized into different product types and applications. The report has also featured a section highlighting the crucial information about the raw materials and manufacturing process used in the market.

Competitive Analysis:Neuroscience market report highlights key players included in the market in order to render a comprehensive view of the competing players existing in the market. Company profiling involves business overview, organization profile, recent advancements, item portfolio, and key strategies.

Reasons for Buying Neuroscience Market Report

This report gives a forward-looking prospect of various factors driving or restraining market growth. It renders an in-depth analysis for changing competitive dynamics. It presents an in-depth analysis of changing competition dynamics and puts you ahead of competitors. It gives a six-year forecast evaluated on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow. It assists in making informed business decisions by making a pin-point analysis of market segments and by having complete insights of the Neuroscience market. This report assists in comprehending the key product segments and their future.

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In the end, the Neuroscience market is analyzed for revenue, sales, price, and gross margin. These points are examined for companies, types, applications, and regions.

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Global Neuroscience Market 2020 | Increasing Demand With Leading Key Players : Alpha Omega, Axion Biosystems, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics...

Neuroscience

A neuroscientist’s take on synthetic telepathy, electrified ESP, and mind control – Boing Boing

Telepathy. ESP. The ability to communicate thoughts, feelings, or experiences without using our known sensory channels is a timeless superpower. Soon, advances in neuroscience, molecular biology, and computer science will make some kinds of synthetic telepathy possible. Meanwhile though, methods to treat brain disorders through magnetic stimulation of brain circuits could enable crude (or eventually not-so-crude) mind control. National Institutes of Health neuroscientist R. Douglas Fields -- author of Electric Brain: How the New Science of Brainwaves Reads Minds, Tells Us How We Learn, and Helps Us Change for the Better -- wrote a brief essay for Scientific American surveying the present, past, and possible future of this strange field. From Scientific American:

Neuroscientist Marcel Just and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University are using fMRI brain imaging to decipher what a person is thinking. By using machine learning to analyze complex patterns of activity in a persons brain when they think of a specific number or object, read a sentence, experience a particular emotion or learn a new type of information, the researchers can read minds and know the persons specific thoughts and emotions. Nothing is more private than a thought, Just says, but that privacy is no longer sacrosanct....

...The prospect of mind control frightens many, and brain stimulation to modify behavior and treat mental illness has a sordid history. In the 1970s neuropsychologist Robert Heath at Tulane University inserted electrodes into a homosexual mans brain to cure him of his homosexual nature by stimulating his brains pleasure center. Spanish neuroscientist Jos Delgado used brain stimulation in monkeys, people and even a charging bull to understand how, at a neural circuit level, specific behaviors and functions are controlledand to control them at will by pushing buttons on his radio-controlled device energizing electrodes implanted in the brain. Controlling movements, altering thoughts, evoking memories, rage and passion were all at Delgados fingertips. Delgados goal was to relieve the world of deviant behavior through brain stimulation and produce a psychocivilized society.

Electric Brain: How the New Science of Brainwaves Reads Minds, Tells Us How We Learn, and Helps Us Change for the Better (Amazon)

image: illustration by Rob Beschizza/Boing Boing

In 1960 during the early days of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson, who died last month, wrote an article titled Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation for the journal Science. He posited that if extraterrestrial intelligent beings exist and have reached a high level of technical development, one by-product []

On the planet Wasp-76b, it rains iron. Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and colleagues observed the planet, 650 light years from Earth, using the European Southern Observatorys Very Large Telescope in northern Chile. On the planets hot side that faces it star, temperatures can be above 2,400C. Its a good thing the residents []

The tiny skull, about the size of a thumbnail, trapped in amber may belong to the smallest dinosaur scientists have ever discovered. Paleontologist Lida Xing of the China University of Geosciences spotted the skull in a 99-million-year-old chunk of amber from northern Myanmar. From the New York Times: [Xing, Chinese Academy of Sciences paleontologist Jingmai []

There are few experiences that match the sheer raw power of being front and center for a huge rock concert. It can be exhilarating. But without sounding too much like your mom, it can also be far more dangerous than you realize. Hearing damage often happens from exposure to prolonged loud noises over 85 decibels []

As a parent, you likely start feeling a little guilty whenever you let your kid play video games for too long. Gaming is fun and most kids get completely enraptured, but you inevitably start thinking about all the more enriching and educational ways they could fill those hours spent rampaging through digital worlds and blasting []

When it comes to DIY electronics, there are few brand names that carry more weight these days than Arduino and the Raspberry Pi. Over the past 15 years, Arduino has grown from a tool to teach electronics to the uninitiated into an environment of startling innovation where creative minds fashion their own Arduino slow-drip coffee []

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A neuroscientist's take on synthetic telepathy, electrified ESP, and mind control - Boing Boing

Neuroscience

Brain Awareness Week 2020: Cognitive function and commercial video games – On Biology – BMC Blogs Network

This year, Brain Awareness Week falls between 16th and 22nd March. The campaign, organised by the Dana Foundation, aims to foster public enthusiasm and support for brain science while making research accessible for all.

Amy Joint 16 Mar 2020

Kerkez / Getty Images / iStock

In the spirit of the campaign, were taking an insight into a recent review by Min-Hyeon Park et al. published in Behavioral and Brain Functions, considering the different genres of commercial video games available, and how they are associated with cognitive function.

The study aimed to lean away from the negative picture of video games presented by research into compulsive engagements and addiction, and present a more balanced view. The commercial video games included in this study were split into five main genres, which in turn could be split down into sub-genres:

Across the different studies examined in this review, several improvements in cognitive function were identified. Frequent video game players were found to be better at sustaining attention, with Action Video Games in particular associated with improvement in selective attention. Changes in brain activation suggest that action game players are better at filtering information and efficiently allocating attention toimportant information.

Another improved cognitive function reported was visuo-spatial function. Playing Tetris was discovered to enhance spacial cognition, and ten hours of action game play resulted in improved navigational skills.

Adolescents who more regularly played specifically strategic video games across a four-year period during high school have shown improved problem solving skills in comparison to their peers.

The last cognitive function found to be positively associated with gameplay was second language development. In mass multiplayer online games, opportunities for interaction in the target language are frequent, and an efficient method for acquisition and use of new vocabulary.

krung99 / Getty Images / iStock

However, individual differences between players modulate the extent to which commercial video gaming can lead to cognitive enhancement. After peaking at the age of 13-14 years, time spent playing video games decreases over time, so the effect of gaming on cognitive function is likely to decrease with age. Age is also linked to cognitive function itself, with neuroplasticity the ability for the brain to form and reorganize connections in response to learning decreasing with time.

Gender is also reported as a modulating factor. While male and female-identifying players experience similar cognitive benefits in terms of attentional advantage, males have been found to play video games for longer stints, influencing overall effect on cognitive function.

On balance, this review provides a counterpart to gamings reputation within neuroscience as the worlds fastest growing addiction which shares neurobiological abnormalities with other addictive disorders.

Through relating to the 2.2 billion gamers across the planet and asking the right questions about how neuroscience permeates our day to day lives, this study encapsulates Brain Awareness Weeks purpose of sharing the impact brain science has on the wider world.

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Brain Awareness Week 2020: Cognitive function and commercial video games - On Biology - BMC Blogs Network