Category Archives: Neuroscience

Book review: The BrainCanDo Handbook – TES News

November 16, 2020 medical

The BrainCanDo Handbook of Teaching and Learning

Edited by: Julia Harrington, Jonathan Beale, Amy Fancourt and Catherine LutzPublisher: RoutledgeDetails: 263pp; 19.99ISBN: 978-0367187057

Prince Harry has reported how he has learned a huge amount about unconscious bias since being married to Meghan Markle. In a moment of honesty, he recalled that he had been raised in a context of luxury and privilege, and it had taken him many years to recognise his own prejudices.

This prejudice, or unconscious bias, creeps in whether we like it or not. We are born with a predisposition to prefer the sorts of people we are familiar with, and this colours our behaviour and attitudes towards others.

What has this got to do with a review of a book about the translation of educational neuroscience into teaching and learning practice?

Just as Prince Harry has come to realise, in order to understand anything with any nuance, it is necessary to become more familiar with the background and context from which it came. Rigorous research always makes strenuous attempts to acknowledge any possible bias that may limit the findings of the study no study is ever perfect, and it is important that we understand that.

One limitation we should always consider is the demographic make-up of the participants. It goes without saying that we would be suspicious of using a new drug that had been tested only in a laboratory in a test tube, under perfect conditions. We would expect the drug to have been applied to a normal, varied group of people, going about their lives in the everyday world before we used it.

The BrainCanDo Research Centre is based at Queen Annes School, a small, selective independent girls school, in Berkshire. In collaboration with other independent schools, including Eton and Westminster, the research centre has embraced the opportunity to run research studies with respected researchers, developing approaches to implementing educational neuroscience. At the same time, it is also challenging the scientism and scepticism they perceive across the education sector.

Undoubtedly, the book is an impressive collection of pieces, written by teachers in partnership with researchers exploring the latest research in educational neuroscience and psychology, and offering practical strategies for its application in secondary schools.

The chapters vary. Some provide careful, scholarly, impressively referenced reviews of the literature, followed by suggestions of how these findings could be translated into practice and evaluated.

In other cases, the weighty and erudite literature review acts as background to the description of a serious, well-funded and systematic research study constructed to document new practices and evaluate impact.

Refreshingly, the book starts with a philosophical exploration of the elusive concept of scientism:the dogmatic excessive belief in the power or value of science. We have, it suggests, a dogmatic assumption that scientific methods or findings can be immediately or straightforwardly applied in education. This is where schools and practitioners are misled.

We are wrong to consider it easy or to be easily swayed by the use of scientific language or concepts. It is perfectly possible to be a good teacher without a deep knowledge of educational neuroscience.

The main finding of this chapter is that we should be cautious,and recognise the limitations of science and how far the findings can be translated into messy, educational contexts. We should be aware of using scientific or quasi-scientific language to try to make work look more impressive.

The bulk of the book explores the familiar canon of educational neuroscience, including subjects such as executive function, cognitive-load theory and working memory, misconceptions and counterintuitive concepts in maths and science, growth-mindset theory and the importance of sleep.

There is a chapter describing a longitudinal study of girls at Queen Annes as they engaged in their high-quality musical learning and instructionover a year, and the impact and importance this may have on cognitive and social and emotional learning.

We read how Eton College developed a curriculum designed to build character in their pupils, including opportunities for the boys to volunteer in the local community to enable them to develop empathy and be more concerned with those not within their social circles (remember Prince Harry?).

Undeniably, the work they have accomplished is deeply impressive. The opportunities they have created for their staff to work on research projects with researchers of international standing is admirable and there is much we can draw from their descriptions of gains in learning their students have made.

But the world they describe is a very distant reality to the one most teachers and leaders face during these dark and challenging times. Perhaps we might consider it a description of the test tube of perfect conditions, where the participants have every available luxury and privilege.

So, whileI recognise their deep commitment to the study of the translation of evidence into practice and their interest and dedication to the subject, I am acknowledging the limitations of their research. In essence, this is not a book for the everyday, workaday, comprehensive teachers and leaders among us.

The takeaway for those of us struggling to secure enough digital equipment to enable all our pupils to access remote learning might just be: look what you could doif you had the money and time to do so.

It is, perhaps, a glimpse into how the others believe they can do these things better with a dose of educational neuroscientism thrown in.

Megan Dixon is director of research and development at the Aspire Educational Trust

Original post:
Book review: The BrainCanDo Handbook - TES News

Neuroscience

This Jamaican is now the first Black woman to get PhD in neuroscience from University of Rochester – Face2Face Africa

November 16, 2020 medical

Monique Mendes, a Jamaican-born scientist, followed her passion for the sciences to pursue a Ph.D. in neuroscience. Now, she is the first Black woman to receive a doctorate in that field from the University of Rochester.

The Neuroscience program at the University of Rochester Medical Centers Del Monte Institute was established in 1925 and Mendes, being the first Black woman Ph.D. graduate from the program, is worth celebrating. The only other Black was a man, Dr. Nathan Anthony Smith, in 2013.

I feel empowered, I feel excited, said Mendes. Im just happy that I was able to get a Ph.D. and to show other Black women that it is possible, and they can succeed.

The 27-year-old successfully defended her thesis in July and she started her post-doctoral fellowship at Stanford University in September, according toDemocrat & Chronicle. For a post-doctoral fellowship at Stanford, Mendes conducts research using novel imaging techniques to better understand how learning and memory are impacted by specific cells called glia.

The journey in the laboratory began in her native country, Jamaica. Her sixth-grade teacher at St. Andrew Preparatory School in Kingston was the only Black woman teaching science at the time. She taught science with passion and always made the lessons fun and interesting. Little Mendes knew then that she wanted to know more.

Interestingly, Mendes realized that none of her professors or teachers as a child were women aside from her sixth-grade teacher. One of the big things I wish I had had over the years was faculty that looked like me, said Mendes. She however acknowledges that Rochester University has put measures in place since she has been there to retain Black women in the sciences.

Mendes earned her undergraduate degree in biology at the University of Florida where she was named a McNair Scholar. The award was named after Black physicist Dr. Ronald E. McNair, who died in the Challenger Space shuttle accident in 1986. It is conferred on students from underrepresented backgrounds to increase the number of graduate degrees awarded to people from such backgrounds. It also provides funding for two years of graduate school and four years of postdoctoral training.

The thing that stands out most about Monique is her energy and enthusiasm, said Ania Majewska, Ph.D., a neuroscience professor at the University of Rochester in whose lab Mendes worked for five years conducting research on brain development.

Shes a dynamo. Shes very creative, independent and has incredible ideas. As a mentor, a lot of how youre measured is how well you train your students and Im super excited to see Monique go out in the world.

There is no stopping Mendes. While at the University of Rochester, she became the first URMC graduate student to receive the coveted F99/K00 NIH Blueprint Diversity Specialized Predoctoral to Postdoctoral Advancement in Neuroscience fellowship from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders in Stroke.

Mendes is a decorated scientist and admired for her contributions to the sciences, however, she wanted to be a musician at a point in time. Her love for science tramped her music ambitions but she never left them behind entirely.

According to Mendes, during her studies, she played the violin and was part of the Florida Philharmonic Youth Orchestra. Also, while at School of Medicine and Dentistry (SMD), she played in the Brighton Symphony Orchestra and even performed in two side-by-side concerts with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra.

Mendes hopes to become a mentor for young Black girls and people of color in and outside her field. While on campus at Rochester, she created a diverse and inclusive community to mentor new students from diverse backgrounds and occasionally held events to help them have much-needed discussions pertaining to them.

During her Ph.D. program, Mendes was awarded theEdward Curtis Peck Awardfor Excellence in Teaching by a Graduate Student and theOutstanding Student Mentor award.

Her advice to her mentees is that they should be fearless, be inquisitive and follow their dreams. Advocate for yourself; advocate for others, she advised.

Neuroscience

So your brain injury case involves diffusion tensor imagingnow what? – JD Supra

November 16, 2020 medical

Defense attorneys and claims professionals evaluating traumatic brain injury claims are likely to come across a form of advanced neuroimaging known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Diffusion tensor imaging uses data from MRI sequences to measure and patterns of water diffusion throughout brain tissue. It uses that data to map the structure of white matter tracts in the brain and draw broader conclusions about the integrity ofor subtle injuries tothose white matter tracts. The resulting colorful three-dimensional images may make for striking demonstrative evidence, but these often bely the complexity of this neuroimaging modality and what it means for the ultimate questions in a personal injury caseas well as the admissibility of DTI studies and expert opinions derived from them under Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.

In a recent column in Nautilus, An Existential Crisis in Neuroscience, writer Grigori Guitchounts discusses how technological advances in neuroscience are outpacing our ability to make sense of the incredible volumes of data researchers are now able to uncover about the brains structure and function. As he notes, Technology has made it easy for us to gather behemoth datasets, but Im not sure understanding the brain has kept pace with the size of the datasets.

The column describes further conversations with researchers involved in the field of connectomics, or attempts to map out brain structures at the level of neurons to create a wiring diagram. Those researchers note the lack of clear understanding of how brain structure relates to psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia, and their attempts to use machine intelligence to understand the relationship between structure and function. Despite decades of progress and access to more detailed data than ever about how the brain is composed, a holistic understanding and ability to apply that data remains elusive. As Guitchounts notes, The machines we have builtthe ones architected after cortical anatomyfall short of capturing the nature of the human brain. But they have no trouble finding patterns in large datasets.

Proponents of diffusion tensor imagings forensic use in litigating traumatic brain injury claims often tout its sensitivity, or ability to identify subtle changes in brain structures, at a degree that was previously unattainable by other structural imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) or standard MRI sequences like T1, T2, SWI, and FLAIR. But, proponents miss the fact that once a lesionoften described as an area of reduced fractional anisotropy, in neuroradiology parlanceis identified on DTI, its significance in the particular case is not always entirely clear. There is not always a definitive correlation between an identified white matter lesion and neurocognitive complaints, whether identified by neuropsychological testing or not. This is especially true given that white matter lesions have a host of other causes unrelated to traumasuch as hypertension, pre-existing psychiatric conditions, or even the normal aging process. And, in our firms work in litigating traumatic brain injury claims nationally, we have occasionally seen DTI studies that describe a totally normal brain despite the fact that other imaging modalities like MRI have documented obvious structural brain damage in a particular individual. In such cases, the inability of DTIs high-resolution data to identify lesions where they clearly should exist raises questions about the clinical and forensic significance of single, isolated lesions in concussion cases.

In evaluating the strength and admissibility of expert opinions interpreting diffusion tensor imaging, one should be aware of the host of potential issues surrounding DTI and its interpretation in any particular case, including partial volume effects, the multiple comparisons problem, normative datasets, and mapping errors. And, in addressing whether DTI evidence satisfies Daubert and Fed. R. Civ. P. 702 in a case, attorneys should consider whether a DTI study merely finds a pattern in a large dataset without a clear understanding, based on actual science, of how that pattern correlates with an identified neuropsychological deficit or symptom that is at issue in the case. DTI abnormalities are not per se evidence of a TBI, and an expert who opines that they are likely expresses a degree of certainty that goes beyond the current scope of neuroscientists understanding about the relationship between brain structure and function.

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So your brain injury case involves diffusion tensor imagingnow what? - JD Supra

Neuroscience

Want to Calm Your Anxiety in Just 8 Minutes? Neuroscience Says Take a Deep Breath and Listen to This – Inc.com

November 11, 2020 medical

What if I could showyou a way to calm anxiety in just a few minutes, using principles of neuroscience?

It's not a permanent solution. But I remembered reading about thisyears ago, and I tried it this week.

Frankly, I was blown away at how quickly and effectively it worked.

It has to do with listening to a single, eight-minute audio track that was designed and recorded in a way to trigger specific neurological reactions in your brain.

A colleague here on Inc.com wrote once that it reduces anxiety by 65 percent.I admit that I approached it with skepticism, but since it's only eight minutes, and it required almost zero effort, I gave it a try.

The audio track is included at the bottom of this article, if you'd rather skip ahead. ButI think it helps to put all of thisin context first.

More than half of Americans anticipated Election Day this yearwould be the most stressful day of their lives.Add coronavirus, the economic situation, and the general anxiety that many of us feel as a product of early 21st century life?

The word I settle on is "SOBAR," for "stressed out beyond all recognition."

Sometimes, the solution is therapy or medical help. I've certainly availed myself of these at times; it's wildly outdated to think there's any stigma associated with seeking professional help for mental health.

But there are also some very simple things that you can do: Short, intense periods of exercise are highly effective, as isbeing intentional about spending time with friends (even virtually).

Meditation works, as does adding plants and other greenery to your work space. Oh, and going for an "awe walk" in nature, as my colleagues Minda Zetlin and Jessica Stillman have reported on recently, yields fascinating results.

(Based on their advice, I took an "awe walk" of my own on Election Day; it helped a bit, and I got some great photos out of it.)

Butthis eight-minute musical interlude might well be the most intriguing.

It dates back to 2011, when a British band called Marconi Union teamed up with sound therapists to create a track called "Weightlessness" that would stimulate specific neurological reactions when people listened to it.

Among them: a lower heart rate, lower blood pressure, and reduced levels of cortisol, a stress hormone.

Researchers said they then played the song for a group of 40 women, tracking their breathing, brain activity, and blood pressure, and found it to be 11 percent more relaxing than the next-most-stress-reducing song they couldfind, according to results published in the British newspaper,The Telegraph.

"The song...contains a sustaining rhythm that starts at 60 beats per minute and gradually slows to around 50. While listening, your heart rate gradually comes to match that beat," Lyz Cooper, founder of the British Academy of Sound Therapy, told the newspaper.

The fact that the song is almost exactly eight minutesis important, she added, because, "it takes about five minutes for this process, known as entrainment, to occur."

Additional elements, include the structure of thegaps between the song's notes (designed to "create a feeling of euphoria and comfort," according to Cooper), and the fact that there is "no repeating melody, which allows your brain to completely switch off because you are no longer trying to predict what is coming next."

The whole trick comes down to research that shows that "music works at a very deep level within the brain, stimulating not only those regions responsible for processing sound but also ones associated with emotions," said Dr. David Lewis-Hodgson, a neuropsychologist who oversaw the study.

Anyway, given where we are in the world, and despite my skepticism for quick fixes, I tried it.

Reader, it worked. During the time that I listened to the song--fully aware of what it was designed to do--I felt myself relaxing.

The mild sinus headache I'd been enduring disappeared. I could feel my breathing and heart rate slow. A feeling of calmness enveloped me.I began to hear a faint ringing sound--almost like a pleasurable version of tinnitus.

Again, this is not a cure-all. It's certainly not a substitute for combining all the habits I listed above, or for professional help.But if you've got anxietyand you've got eight minutes, you might find it really interesting.

The track is embedded below, andyou can find it pretty much every other place you'd download music, too.

It worked for me. I'd love to hear if it worksfor you, too.

The opinions expressed here by Inc.com columnists are their own, not those of Inc.com.

Neuroscience

The Neuroscience Market To Be Accelerated By Technology And Reach US$ 520 Mn – The Think Curiouser

November 11, 2020 medical

Market Report Summary

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With healthy CAGR of 6.4%, the globalneuroscience marketis likely to grow from US$ 301.6 Mn in 2016 to US$ 520.8 Mn by 2025 end. This growth is mainly fuelled by advancement in neuroimaging and increasing R & D in neuroinformatics. Neuroscience Market: Global Industry Analysis (2012-2016)and Forecast (2017-2025),is the new publication of Persistence Market Research that focuses on merger and acquisition, strategic collaborations and technology, and technology transfer agreements, which play a vital role in the global neuroscience market.

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Company Profiles

North America and Europe are expected to dominate the global neuroscience market in the assessed period of 8-years that is between 2017 and 2025.

Global Neuroscience Market: Relevance and Impact of Factors

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Global Neuroscience Market: Forecast by Component Type

On the basis of component type, the global neuroscience market is segmented into instrument, software and services. Instrument segmented is sub-segmented into MRI imaging systems and neuromicroscopy, while services segmented divided into consulting services, installation services and maintenance services.

Instrument segment dominated the global neuroscience market in revenue terms in 2016 and is projected to continue to do so throughout the forecast period. Instrument segment is the most attractive segment, with attractiveness index of 2.6 over the forecast period.

Instrument segment was valued at US$ 221.6 Mn in 2016 and is projected to be valued at US$ 408.1 Mn in 2025 growing at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. This segment is expected to accounts for high revenue contribution to the global neuroscience market as compared to software and services segments over the forecast period.

Software segment is expected to be the second most lucrative segment in the global neuroscience market, with attractiveness index of 0.3 during the forecast period. This segment was accounted for 15.4% value share in 2017 which is expected to drop down to 12.9 % revenue share in 2025.

Global Neuroscience Market: Forecast by End User

On the basis of end user, global neuroscience market is segmented into hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, research institutes, and academic institutes.

Diagnostics laboratory segment is expected to be the second most lucrative segment in the global neuroscience market by 2025 end. However, in terms of CAGR and revenue share, hospitals segment is expected to lead he market throughout the estimated period. In 2025, hospital segment is likely to grab 40.2% market share in 2025, expanding at a robust CAGR of 7.3% during the estimated period.

Research institutes segment is expected to be the least attractive segment in the global neuroscience market, with attractiveness index of 0.7 during the forecast period.

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Global Neuroscience Market: Forecast by Region

On the basis of region, global neuroscience market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, APAC and MEA. North America dominated the global neuroscience market in revenue terms in 2016 and is projected to continue to do so throughout the forecast period.

North America is projected to be the most attractive market with attractiveness index of 2.3 during the forecast period. Europe is expected to be the second most lucrative market, with attractiveness index of 1.1 respectively during the forecast period.

Europe Neuroscience market accounted for 23.9% share in 2017 and is projected to account for 23.1% share by 2025 end.

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To support companies in overcoming complex business challenges, we follow a multi-disciplinary approach. At PMR, we unite various data streams from multi-dimensional sources. By deploying real-time data collection, big data, and customer experience analytics, we deliver business intelligence for organizations of all sizes.

Our client success stories feature a range of clients from Fortune 500 companies to fast-growing startups. PMRs collaborative environment is committed to building industry-specific solutions by transforming data from multiple streams into a strategic asset.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience Market Analysis With Global Business Opportunities Assessment With Revenue, Price And Gross Margin Analysis 2027 – Eurowire

November 11, 2020 medical

The Neuroscience research report covers the current scenario and the growth prospects of the global Neuroscience industry forecast 2020 2027. The report enlists several important factors, starting from the basics principal to advanced market intelligence which play a vital part in strategizing. Neuroscience manufacturers and is a important source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Neuroscience industry.

The research presents a complete assessment of the market and contains Future trend, Current Growth Factors, attentive opinions, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry validated market data. The market report proposes complete synopsis of the market, covering several characteristics such as product definition, market breakdown based on several constraints, supply chain analysis, and the fundamental Key Players outlook.

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Market-research techniques encompass qualitative techniques. The report helps the user to strengthen decisive power to plan their strategic moves to launch or expand their businesses by offering them a clear picture of this market. Neuroscience Market Research Report gives current competitive analysis and also valuable insights to clients/industries, which will assist them to prepare a new strategy to expand or penetrate in a global Neuroscience market.

The Neuroscience Market report provides valuable and unique information which is very essential. Further it also covers key players, application and future market condition. This information is extremely important for new and growing company to mark themself over the market

This report is segmented into several key Regions, consumption, revenue and market growth with high frequency pivot in these regions, from2020 to 2027 (forecast), covering United States, Europe, China, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia and focused on different aspects like market revenue, consumption, production, market share besides the growth pace.

Competitive Analysis:

The key players are highly focusing innovation in production technologies to improve efficiency and shelf life. The best long-term growth opportunities for this sector can be captured by ensuring ongoing process improvements and financial flexibility to invest in the optimal strategies. Company profile section of players includes its basic information like legal name, website url, headquarters, its market position, historical background and top 5 closest competitors by Market capitalization / revenue along with contact information. Each player/ manufacturer revenue figures, growth rate and gross profit margin is provided in easy to understand tabular format for past 5 years and a separate section on recent development like mergers, acquisition or any new product/service launch etc.

Major Players Are: Alpha Omega, Inc., GE Healthcare, Axion Biosystems, Inc., Siemens Healthineers, Blackrock Microsystems LLC, Femtonics Ltd., Intan Technologies, LaVision Biotec GmbH, Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Neuralynx Inc., NeuroNexus Technologies, Inc., Newport Corporation, Plexon Inc., Noldus Information Technology, Scientifica Ltd., Sutter Instrument Corporation, Thomas Recording GmbH, and Trifoil Imaging Inc.

Important Features of the Neuroscience Market:

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Coherent Market Insights is a prominent market research and consulting firm offering action-ready syndicated research reports, custom market analysis, consulting services, and competitive analysis through various recommendations related to emerging market trends, technologies, and potential absolute dollar opportunity.

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Neuroscience Market Analysis With Global Business Opportunities Assessment With Revenue, Price And Gross Margin Analysis 2027 - Eurowire

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Market Size, Share, 2020 Emerging-Trends, Services, Applications, Technological-Advancements, Scope, Growth-Analysis, Key-Players,…

November 11, 2020 medical

The research report on Neuroscience Market gives thorough insights regarding various key trends that shape the industry expansion with regards to regional perspective and competitive spectrum. Furthermore, the document mentions the challenges and potential restrains along with latent opportunities which may positively impact the market outlook in existing and untapped business spaces. Moreover, it presents the case studies, including the ones related to COVID-19 pandemic, to convey better understanding of the industry to all the interested parties.

The recent market trend of increasingly using Neuroscience for understanding the development of a disease extensively fuel the growth of this market in the coming years. Another trend that will aid the growth of the global Neuroscience market is the escalating demand for personalized medicine. Extensive investments are being made by various organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and governments for the research and development of drugs, and this is another trend that is benefiting the growth of the global Neuroscience market. This is because Neuroscience techniques enable researchers to compare Neuroscience changes between disease samples and normal samples. Public health can thus be analyzed as the changes in Neuroscience are influenced by internal biological system and environment directly.

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The report covers extensive analysis of the key market players in the market, along with their business overview, expansion plans, and strategies. The key players studied in the report include: Lupin Ltd., Astrazeneca Plc, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Sun Pharma), Biogen, UCB SA, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Sanofi, Abbvie, Dr. ReddyS Laboratories Ltd., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Avanir Pharmaceuticals Inc., Autism Therapeutics, Merck & Co, H. Lundbeck A/S, Eli Lilly And Co., Alexza Pharmaceuticals, United Therapeutics Corp., Allergan Plc, Novartis Ag, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Alkermes Plc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Eisai Co. Ltd., Aurobindo Pharma, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd., Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Gedeon Richter Plc, Lannett Co., Inc., Apotex, Inc., Glaxosmithkline Plc, Mallinckrodt, Immunocellular Therapeutics, Ltd., Nextsource Biotechnology Llc, Mylan Nv, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co..

Neuroscience Market Segmentation:

In market segmentation by types of Neuroscience, the report covers-

Anti-Parkinsons DrugsAlzheimer DiseasePsychotic DisordersEpileptic DisordersAutism Spectrum DisordersOthers

In market segmentation by applications of the Neuroscience, the report covers the following uses-

HospitalsDiagnostic LaboratoriesResearch InstitutesOther

Regional Analysis for Neuroscience Market-:

1) North America- (United States, Canada)

2) Europe- (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium)

3) Asia Pacific- (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam)

4) Middle East & Africa- (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Israel, Egypt, Nigeria)

5) Latin America- (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Peru)

The report provides insights on the following pointers :

Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Supply Chain Analytics market.

Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market

Market Development: Comprehensive information about emerging markets. This report analyzes the market for various segments across geographies

Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Supply Chain Analytics market

NOTE: Our analysis involves the study of the market taking into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Please get in touch with us to get your hands on an exhaustive coverage of the impact of the current situation on the market. Our expert team of analysts will provide as per report customized to your requirement.

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Table of Content

Chapter 1 Neuroscience Introduction and Market Overview

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

Chapter 3 Industry Chain Analysis

Chapter 4 Global Neuroscience Market, by Type

Chapter 5 Neuroscience Market, by Application

Chapter 6 Global Neuroscience Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter 7 North America Neuroscience Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 8 Europe Neuroscience Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 9 Asia Pacific Neuroscience Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 10 Middle East and Africa Neuroscience Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 11 South America Neuroscience Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 12 Competitive Landscape

Chapter 13 Industry Outlook

Chapter 14 Global Neuroscience Market Forecast

Chapter 15 New Project Feasibility Analysis

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Neuroscience

ProMIS Neurosciences offers comments on recent FDA Advisory Committee meeting on aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimers disease – Yahoo Finance

November 11, 2020 medical

FDA Office of Neuroscience argues for approval; non-binding recommendation from the Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee is negative

TORONTO and CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Nov. 09, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- ProMIS Neurosciences, Inc. (TSX: PMN) (OTCQB: ARFXF), a biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of antibody therapeutics targeting toxic oligomers implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, today commented on the November 6th FDA Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee meeting and its review of Biogens Biologics License Application (BLA) for aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimers disease.

The key BLA components reviewed at the advisory committee meeting consisted of three clinical trials: two pivotal phase 3 trials of similar design (Study 301, 302) and one phase 1b trial (Study 103). Both Biogen and FDA acknowledged Study 301 (ENGAGE) was negative and could not contribute to the evidence for aducanumabs effectiveness. Demonstration of effectiveness for licensing generally requires two adequate and well-controlled clinical trials that are positive. However, under certain circumstances and consistent with the 1997 FDA Modernization Act, FDA can conclude that one adequate and well-controlled clinical investigation plus confirmatory evidence is sufficient to establish effectiveness. Whether Study 302 (EMERGE) provided adequate evidence as a single study a position strongly expressed by the FDA Office of Neuroscience represented the key issue debated by the Advisory Committee.

Dr. Billy Dunn, Director of the Office of Neuroscience, who convened the Advisory Committee and ultimately has the authority to approve the BLA, gave the FDA presentation; he summarized the Study 302 results, stating they were compelling, exceptionally persuasive, and represented a homerun. However, the written review by Dr. Tristan Massie, Office of Biostatistics, embedded in the FDA briefing documents for the Advisory Committee, addressed some Study 302 inconsistencies and argued against a conclusion of substantial evidence because of the conflicting results of the two phase 3 studies. FDA and Biogen conducted a number of subgroup analyses to explore why Study 301 and Study 302 were divergent in their results, but none of them provided a definitive answer and the committee members decided it was not possible to conclude aducanumab was effective for the treatment of Alzheimers disease.

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Thus, on the first and most critical question to the committee, Does Study 302, viewed independently and without regard for Study 301, provide strong evidence that supports effectiveness of aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimers disease?, the committee vote was negative, with 1 Yes, 8 No and 2 Uncertain. To a large degree, the other three questions assumed a Yes vote to the first question, including the last question as to whether Study 302 could be considered as primary evidence of effectiveness.

It is important to note that, prior to and during the advisory committee meeting, the FDA Office of Neuroscience made several key arguments supporting approval of aducanumab, as outlined below:

Analysis of the data supporting the March 2019 decision to discontinue the trials because of futility did not provide an accurate reflection of individual studies. The futility decision was based on pooled data from both Study 301 and Study 302. However, if the two studies had been independently reviewed for futility, Study 302 would not have met the futility criteria and the magnitude of effect in the high-dose arm (10mg/kg) in fact improved over time as additional data were collected. FDA commented that it would have been more appropriate if futility had not been declared and noted that assumptions supporting the futility analysis had been violated.

In response to Biogens argument that anti-amyloid beta (A) antibodies differ considerably with respect to their molecular characteristics, FDA agreed that anti-A therapies do not represent a single class of drugs and previous late-stage failures of such therapies do not constitute a demonstrated class failure. During committee discussion, this point was briefly noted as members acknowledged that a more nuanced discussion of oligomers as the most toxic molecular A species was beyond the scope of the committees responsibility.

Although FDA will most likely accept the non-binding recommendations of the advisory committee, it is disappointing for patients, their caregivers and the research community that the committee viewed the inconsistencies in data as too significant to reach a conclusion that aducanumab is clinically effective, said Dr. James Kupiec, Chief Medical Officer for ProMIS Neurosciences. We are however encouraged by FDAs position on anti-A antibodies. The amyloid hypothesis is far from dead now that the research community is focused on the most toxic molecular species, and we anticipate that PMN310, which selectively targets toxic A oligomers, could demonstrate best-in-class effectiveness and safety in clinical studies.

After the Advisory Committee meeting, Mr. Michael Vounatsos, Chief Executive Officer at Biogen, expressed his gratitude for the patients and advocates who spoke at the meeting and reflected on the significant unmet need for a treatment for Alzheimers disease. Biogen noted they will continue to work with FDA as it completes its review of the BLA.

About ProMIS Neurosciences

ProMIS Neurosciences, Inc. is a development stage biotechnology company whose unique core technology is the ability to rationally predict the site and shape (conformation) of novel targets known as Disease Specific Epitopes (DSEs) on the molecular surface of proteins. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers, ALS and Parkinsons disease, the DSEs are misfolded regions on toxic forms of otherwise normal proteins. In the infectious disease setting, these DSEs represent peptide antigens that can be used as an essential component to create accurate and sensitive serological assays to detect the presence of antibodies that arise in response to a specific infection, such as COVID-19. ProMIS proprietary peptide antigens can also be used to create potential therapeutic antibodies, as well as serve as the basis for development of vaccines. ProMIS is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ProMIS is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol PMN, and on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol ARFXF.

Visit us at http://www.promisneurosciences.com, follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn. To learn more about protein misfolding diseases, listen to Episodes 11, 24, of Saving Minds, a podcast available at iTunes or Spotify.

For media inquiries, please contact:

Shanti Skiffington shanti.skiffington@gmail.comTel. 617 921-0808

For Investor Relations please contact: Alpine Equity Advisors Nicholas Rigopulos, Presidentnick@alpineequityadv.comTel. 617 901-0785

The TSX has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This information release contains certain forward-looking information. Such information involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those implied by statements herein, and therefore these statements should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results. All forward-looking statements are based on the Company's current beliefs as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to it as well as other factors. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. Due to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties identified by the Company in its public securities filings, actual events may differ materially from current expectations. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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ProMIS Neurosciences offers comments on recent FDA Advisory Committee meeting on aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimers disease - Yahoo Finance

Neuroscience

Study pinpoints neural basis for the interplay between a close relationship with God and enhanced sense of … – PsyPost

November 11, 2020 medical

A recent study offers new evidence that having a close relationship with God serves the psychological purpose of enhancing ones sense of control. The study was published in Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience.

Spiritual belief is a fundamental aspect of human culture, dating back to ancient times. Psychology researchers have explored this tendency toward supernatural belief, suggesting that a close relationship with God offers humans a sense of control and a coping mechanism

Study authors Shira Cohen-Zimerman and colleagues wanted to explore this interplay between a belief in God and a sense of control and to investigate the possibility that the constructs share a neural basis.

To do this, researchers conducted a lesion-mapping study among a sample of veterans who had served in Vietnam. The researchers were interested in exploring damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), an area of the brain that has been linked to emotionally meaningful religious experiences in addition to a sense of control. They accordingly divided their sample into veterans with vmPFC lesions, veterans with posterior cortex lesions, and veterans with no brain injury.

All participants responded to 17 items assessing their personal relationship with God (e.g., I can talk to God on an intimate basis.). They also completed a measure of sense of control which used the item, How often do you feel powerless to get what you want out of life?.

The researchers matched their participants according to age, handedness, and general intelligence pre-injury.

The analysis found that subjects with damage to the right vmPFC demonstrated an enhanced personal relationship with God when compared to subjects with posterior lesions or no lesions at all. The group with right vmPFC damage also showed greater perceived sense of control, compared to the group without brain injury.

Next, the researchers conducted mediation analysis to further examine the interplay between lesions in the vmPFC, sense of control, and closeness with God. They found that a stronger relationship with God mediated the relationship between lesions in the right vmPFC and increased sense of control.

This pattern of results, the authors report, supports a model of right vmPFC damage enhancing participants sense of control through enhancing their personal relationship with God.

As Cohen-Zimerman and team emphasize, their study is the first to pinpoint a neural basis for the interplay between a close relationship with God and a sense of control.

Our findings indicate the importance of the close link between belief in God and a sense of control, and strengthen theories claiming that religion originated, at least in part, from the desire to avoid the threatening experience of perceiving the world as random and chaotic, the authors highlight.

The authors further note that while functional imaging studies show that activation of vmPFC is associated with enhanced religious experience, this does not necessarily contradict their finding that damage to this area increased subjects personal relationship with God.

In our view, the vmPFC does not directly enhance ones personal relationship with God. In contrast, given that patients with stronger lesions in this area reported a personal relationship with God, we infer that it is likely that other, intact brain areas, enabled the strong personal relationship with God observed in these patients, and that the vmPFC normally plays an inhibitory role in modulating this effect.

The researchers propose that their findings may have implications for patients dealing with brain injuries, particularly those with damage to the vmPFC. Such patients might improve their sense of control after injury by drawing on their faith.

The study, Neural underpinning of a personal relationship with God and sense of control: A lesion-mapping study, was authored by Shira Cohen-Zimerman, Irene Cristofori, Wanting Zhong, Joseph Bulbulia, Frank Krueger, Barry Gordon, and Jordan Grafman.

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Study pinpoints neural basis for the interplay between a close relationship with God and enhanced sense of ... - PsyPost

Neuroscience

Taking a Peek at the Building Blocks of Brain Computing – Technology Networks

November 11, 2020 medical

Synapses are specialized devices where learning and memory occur. The efficient transmission of synaptic signals relies on the delicate structure and complex molecular composition of the synapses. However, the small size (several hundred nanometers in diameter) and heterogeneous nature of the synapses pose significant challenges in direct observation of the molecules inside synapses.

Based on the proposed processing technique for in situ cryo-electron tomography, researchers from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) became the first scientists to observe individual GABAA receptors and their organization on the synaptic membrane, endowing the brain's ability for information processing.

"The advance of this study comes from the in situ cryo-electron microscopy, a method that preserves the cells in native states and has an order of magnitude of higher resolution compare to the super-resolution optical microscopy," said TAO Changlu, postdoctoral fellow from USTC and the study's co-first author, now associate investigator at SIAT.

This image processing technique is able to automatically locate the membrane proteins in their cellular context. "To ensure that we detect every receptor on the postsynaptic membrane, we oversampled the synaptic membrane and classified all the sampled 3D images without any template" said LIU Yuntao, graduate student from USTC and the study's co-first author, now postdoctoral fellow at UCLA. "We even used the negative control that sampling the presynaptic membrane to validate our observation."

Once the receptors were detected, researchers suddenly realized that the receptors are not randomly distributed on the membrane: they tend to keep the same 11-nm "social distancing" from each other. Intriguingly, the receptors can rotate freely, even though constrained by distance.

"The social distancing among receptors could arise from their interactions with scaffolding molecule--gephyrins", said BI Guoqiang, professor of neuroscience at USTC and senior author of the paper.

The scaffolding molecules form a 5-nm thick density sheet to support and regulate GABAA receptors on the membrane. Together, they form an absorbing semi-ordered structure called "mesophasic assembly".

A mesophasic state is in between the liquid and solid, which might be induced by the multivalent interaction between receptors and their scaffolding molecules and attract the readily-releasable vesicles containing neurotransmitters. The inhibitory synapses could store information by arranging the GABAA receptors in such a low-entropy Goldilocks state.

This semi-ordered structure differs from the previously proposed hexagonal lattice organization of GABAA receptors and gephyrins. Notably, each synapse tends to contain one mesophasic assembly, rather than multiple nano-domains as observed in excitatory synapses with super-resolution optical microscopy.

"This work represents the first nanometer-resolution observation at the inhibitory synaptic receptors and a critical step towards resolving the atomic details of the brain.", said ZHOU Hong, director of the Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, also senior author of the paper.

Reference: Liu YT, Tao CL, Zhang X, et al.Mesophasic organization of GABAA receptors in hippocampal inhibitory synapses.Mesophasic organization of GABAA receptors in hippocampal inhibitory synapses. Nat Neurosci. 2020. doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00729-w

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Taking a Peek at the Building Blocks of Brain Computing - Technology Networks