Category Archives: Immunology

Aichi Cancer Center and NEC Aimed at Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy – AiThority

Through the Fusion of AI and Experimental Immunology

Aichi Cancer Center(1) and NEC Corporation announced the launch of fundamental research aiming to realize the promise of advanced personalized cancer immunotherapy by improving the performance of NECs neoantigen prediction system and developing predictive biomarkers for patient stratification through the fusion of AI and experimental immunology.

This research aims to identify suitable neoantigen for vaccine use by using the neoantigen prediction system which NEC has been working on and the screening techniques using T cells for neoantigen from Aichi Cancer Center. In addition, this research aims to develop biomarkers for patient stratification using AI based on analytical data on a tumor immune microenvironment and clinical data.

The partners will realize the promise of advanced personalized cancer immunotherapy which boosts the immune system especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

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Although the ICIs showed a certain degree of therapeutic success in cancer therapeutics, the therapeutic effect is limited to few cases. Previous studies have suggested that there is a significant correlation between tumor neoantigen load and the clinical efficacy of ICIs. Accordingly, the immunotherapy could improve the therapeutic efficacy if the brakes on the immune system are disabled, and at the same time, the immune responses to neoantigens are accelerated. The important things for realizing effective cancer immunotherapies are 1.) the selection of neoantigens that harness the immune system and 2.) the patient stratification in treatment planning for ICI therapy, cancer vaccine therapy, and their combination therapy.

The Division of Translational Oncoimmunology at the Aichi Cancer Center has been conducting translational research using patient samples in collaboration with the departments of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. Specifically, this division specializes in experimental immunology and focuses on analyzing the immune microenvironment and the tumor-specific immune responses of each patient.

NEC is actively working on applied research in the drug development field using AI and has developed a unique AI-based neoantigen prediction system. NEC was accepted into the Tumor neoantigEn SeLection Alliance (TESLA) consortium given the uniqueness of this system and became the first Japanese company to join TESLA, founded and managed by the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and the Cancer Research Institute.

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1. Performance improvement of the neoantigen prediction systemAichi Cancer Center and NEC will identify neoantigens recognized by T cells by using both the neoantigen prediction system and the immunological experimental approach. In the future, NEC will improve the performance of the neoantigen prediction system by using this high-quality data.

2. Development of biomarkers for patient stratificationAichi Cancer Center and NEC will comprehensively analyze the tumor immune microenvironment of each patient. This research aims to develop biomarkers for patient stratification using AI based on clinical information, genetic mutation, gene expression, and experimental data obtained from the experiments described above.

Aichi Cancer Center will aim to carry out clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. The clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy will be conducted at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, and additional research will be conducted at Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute. The hospital and research institute will work together as a comprehensive cancer center.

NEC has been conducting applied research in the drug development field using AI for about 20 years. Through this joint research, NEC will accelerate its AI-driven drug development business by improving the performance of neoantigen prediction systems and developing biomarkers for patient stratification.

(1) Aichi Cancer CenterDesignated by Japans Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare as a hub hospital for cancer genome medical care.(2) NEC becomes the first Japanese company to join the TESLA consortiums fight against cancerhttps://www.nec.com/en/press/201905/global_20190514_01.html

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Aichi Cancer Center and NEC Aimed at Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy - AiThority

More calls for masks in the Hillsborough County Schools – Tampa Bay Times

TAMPA In advance of Tuesdays meeting of the Hillsborough County School Board, proponents of mandatory masks at school have continued to call for a stricter policy.

A letter to that effect went out over the weekend, signed by close to 200 people who identified themselves as physicians. We are printing the petition below.

So far, the district has said it is providing a limited number of reusable masks for children, but only encouraging their use.

PREVIOUS: Parents: Children should wear masks to school

Calls went out over Facebook for concerned citizens to gather outside the School Board building at 3:30 p.m. for a socially distanced, masked protest. Those interested were also asked to address the board during the public comment period. The initial announcement said the Hillsborough Classroom Teachers Association was behind this event. But union spokeswoman Stephanie Baxter-Jenkins said it was not a union-organized event, and a notice went out later clarifying that fact.

Either way, interest is high on the subject of masks.

Tuesdays board meeting begins at 4 p.m. at 901 E Kennedy Boulevard.

The letter:

Dear Superintendent Davis and Hillsborough County School Board:

As a concerned group of Pediatricians and Physicians serving children and teachers/staff in Hillsborough County, we urge you to mandate masks and face coverings in our public schools during this global pandemic of COVID-19.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations in COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Re-entry (attached) indicate that masks and face coverings are high priority for elementary, middle, and high school students.

Exemptions to wearing masks for children with individualized education plans or with medical conditions that would prohibit safe and effective use of masks should be handled on a case-by-case basis. Though some of our youngest (pre-school and kindergarten) students may be initially unable to wear a mask the full school day, with time and proper modeling, many of these young students may be able to properly wear masks when social distancing is not possible.

At a population level, masks are undeniably useful at reducing cases of COVID-19 in our community. Mask usage is most effective when all persons wear them, and families that chose to not wear masks endanger others by risking asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic spread of the virus. Mandating masks in our schools can: 1) prevent spread of viral infection that will compromise the health of children, their families and school employees, 2) reduce outbreaks that will threaten school or classroom closure 3) prevent unnecessary time off work for parents, staff and teachers, and 4) save health care resources of our pediatric practices which will be tasked with testing and clearing students for return to school.

We appreciate the hard work of our educators and administrators in Hillsborough County. We value the guidance and commitment of our School Board to make schools safe, accessible, and academically robust. We hope that you will follow the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and make masks and face coverings required for students and faculty in our schools.

https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-planning-considerations-return-to-in-person-education-in-schools/

Sincerely,

1. Anne M. Lenz, MD (Pediatrician, Endocrinology)

2. Tiffany Hernandez, MD (General Pediatrician)

3. Kiersten Hartlage, MD (General Pediatrician)

4. Leigh J. Ruth, MD (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)

5. Sapnalaxmi Amin, MD (Family Medicine)

6. Rachel Irby, MD (Internal Medicine, Infectious disease)

7. Alisa Pierce-Kee, MD (General Pediatrician)

8. Grace Dougan, MD (Pediatrician, Endocrinology)

9. Rebecca Pruitt, MD (General Pediatrician)

10. Karina A. Parilo, MD (Family Medicine)

11. Shikha Sharma, MD (Internal Medicine)

12. Crystal Jacovino, DO (Internal Medicine)

13. Elisa Thompson, MD, FAAFP (Family Medicine)

14. Lindsey Bowser, MD (Family Medicine)

15. Melinda Murphy, MD, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

16. Monique Sajjad, DO (Hematology-Oncology)

17. Eric Schilling, DO (Pulmonary Critical Care)

18. Paul Nanda, MD (Urgent Care Medicine)

19. Leslie Turner, MD (Pathology)

20. Edgard Janer, MD (Rheumatology)

21. Richard Wilde, MD, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

22. Preeti Kallu, MD (Internal Medicine)

23. Heather Simpson Khanna, MD (Adult and Adolescent Psychiatry)

24. Amanda Sergay, MD (Dermatology)

25. Lilly Chang, MD, DDS (Pediatric CranioMaxillofacial Surgery)

26. Eva Gupta, MD (Hematology-Oncology)

27. Parul Aneja, MD (Infectious Disease)

28. Anil Chopra, MD (Infectious Disease)

29. Kate Knupp, MD (Internal Medicine, Pediatrics)

30. Catherine Kubiak, MD (Allergy Immunology)

31. Maria del Pilar Cekan, MD (Family Medicine)

32. Alex Anton, MD (General Pediatrics)

33. Jacqueline Hartman, MD, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

34. Christina Paulson, MD (General Pediatrician)

35. Shara Young, MD (OB-Gyn)

36. Catherine Hough-Telford, MD (General Pediatrician)

37. Rachel Rapkin, MD, MPH (OG-Gyn)

38. Andrew Galligan, MD (Pediatric Hematology-Oncology)

39. Lisa Rush, MD (General Pediatrician)

40. Matt Minick, MD (General Pediatrician)

41. Francesca Sabia, MD, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

42. Eliana Piedrahita-Llano, MD (General Pediatrician)

43. Gwennaelle A. Wilson, MD, MPH, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

44. Mary Chrisochos, DO, FAAP (Pediatrician)

45. Jennifer White, MD (Psychiatry)

46. Bhumi Kumar, DO, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

47. Elizabeth Harris, MD (General Pediatrician)

48. Natasha Hughes, MD (General Pediatrician)

49. Nay Hoche, MD (OB-Gyn)

50. Madhurima Sanka, DO (Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology)

51. Sheila Mak, DO (General Pediatrician)

52. Rachel Epstein, DO, FAAD, FACMS (Dermatology)

53. Celia Williams, DO (General Pediatrics)

54. Solimar Salud, MD (General Pediatrics)

55. Lauren Sequeira, MD (Family Medicine)

56. David Van, DO (Family Medicine)

57. Ria Ross, DO (Dermatology)

58. Jennifer Pesce, MD (General Pediatrician)

59. Tracey DeLucia, MD, PhD, FAAOS (Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery)

60. Danita Wongchantara, MD (Primary Care Medicine and Pediatrics)

61. Julie Dekle, MD (General Pediatrician)

62. Ashley McPhie, MD (General Pediatrician)

63. Sara Ansari, DO (General Pediatrician)

64. Anjali Nirmalani-Gandhy, MD (Child Psychiatry)

65. Ana Maria Oliva, MD (Ophthalmology)

66. Beena Wilkins, MD (General Pediatrician)

67. Rosmery Victoria, DO (Family Medicine)

68. Jennifer Sawka, MD (General Pediatrician)

69. Carolyn Robinson, MD, FAAP (Pediatrician, Pulmonology)

70. Theresa Dam Lohmiller, MD (Family Medicine)

71. Jean Del Valle, MD (Child Psychiatry)

72. Laura Cruse, MD (Rheumatology)

73. Denise Edward, MD (Internal Medicine- Pediatrics)

74. Tsu-Hui Lin, MD (Pediatrics, Endocrinology)

75. Kelly Grabbe, DO (Emergency Medicine)

76. Lisa Hayes, DO (General Pediatrician)

77. Maliena Longley, MD (Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology)

78. Dolores Razman, MD (General Pediatrician)

79. Michelle Mendoza, MD (Emergency Medicine)

80. Julie Hallanger Johnson, MD (Endocrinology)

81. Lisa Champoux-Rhoden, MD (General Pediatrician)

82. Kimberly Hartney, MD (Psychiatry)

83. Marsha Ramsay, MD, FAAP (General Pediatrician)

84. Shahla Escobar, MD (Pediatric Anesthesiology)

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More calls for masks in the Hillsborough County Schools - Tampa Bay Times

Taoiseach fears international travel will reignite spread of coronavirus – Belfast Telegraph

Taoiseach Micheal Martin says there are fears that international travel will cause a resurgence in coronavirus and reiterated advice that people should not travel overseas.

he Cabinet is meeting on Monday to discuss the restrictions, although agreen list of countries where it is safe to travel to and from without having to quarantine is not expected to be published until July 20.

Mr Martin said: The travel advisory for the last while had been strong that its not advisable to travel overseas. We have to put public health first. That is the overarching issue.

Today the Cabinet will meet and make a formal decision on travel. We had a Cabinet sub-committee on Covid on Friday. The public health advice is extremely cautious now in relation to opening up for travel.

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The Cabinet is meeting to discusss the restrictions (Julien Behal/PA)

PA

Asked about when the Government will publish a list of green countries where it will be safe for Irish people to travel, Mr Martin said the matter was under constant review because the situation is changing very rapidly.

He said the Government is drawing up the list of countries, but noted there are countries where there are high numbers of cases.

We have countries that would have made the safe list two weeks ago wouldnt make it today, so the overarching objective is to suppress the virus and keep it down. There is a fear international travel could reignite the virus, he told Corks 96FM.

Meanwhile, Professor Kingston Mills said asking people travelling into Ireland from abroad to self-isolate for 14 days is not working.

That restriction was supposed to be lifted on Thursday of this week, but it is now expected to be extended until July 20 and then reviewed every two weeks thereafter.

Prof Mills, professor of experimental immunology and head of the Centre for the Study of Immunology at Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute in Dublin, said Ireland has done well in suppressing the spread of coronavirus but allowing unrestricted travel into the country would unravel this.

Were one of the countries with the lowest levels of the virus in Europe and were an island. We have a chance to do even better than we have done in terms of completely eliminating the virus and preventing any further surges of the virus, he told RTEs Morning Ireland.

The idea of non-mandatory self isolation is not really working as I understand there are a significant amount of people not self-isolating or they are not being followed up.

People are effectively ignoring the advice from Government not to travel because you only have to look at the number of flights going in and out of Dublin to see that.

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People arriving in Ireland are expected to self-quarantine for 14 days (Brian Lawless/PA)

PA

Prof Mills said there are some European countries that may be safe to travel in and out from but he noted there are cities in the US where there are high numbers of cases.

Theres flights coming into Ireland from places like Chicago where they have a significant number of cases. If you have unrestricted flights coming in and people are not self isolating when they get here, then you are asking for trouble in terms of the virus resurging.

One more person has died with Covid-19 in Ireland on Sunday.

There has now been a total of 1,741 related deaths in the country, the National Public Health Emergency Team said.

PA

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Taoiseach fears international travel will reignite spread of coronavirus - Belfast Telegraph

Auto Injectors Market Revenue Growth Defined by Heightened Product Innovation – 3rd Watch News

An auto-injector is a small, pen shaped device, which contains a hypodermic needle used for delivering a fixed dose of drug to patients. The drug is delivered by inserting the syringe needle at the desired site of injection, and on a push of a button. The site of insertion usually depends upon the nature of the drug to be administered, however intramuscular route is the preferred route of administration. Most of these auto-injector devices are spring loaded, pre filled syringes, and are used during serious allergic reactions also known as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, and also in the cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis among others. Auto-Injectors are easy to use, and intended for self-administration by patients or any other care taker or personnel at home.

Increasing prevalence and incidences of anaphylaxis and food allergies around the world is majorly responsible for the growth of the global auto-injectors market. According to American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) around 15 Mn people in U.S. suffered from food allergies in 2015, while 17 Mn people in Europe out of which 3.5 Mn children suffered from food allergies in 2015 according to European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). World Health Organization (WHO) estimated around 200 250 Mn people in the world suffered from food allergies in 2015. The increasing prevalence of anaphylaxis is increasing demand for adrenaline, and epinephrine auto-injectors, in the global market. Furthermore, new formulations and new drug delivery systems, combined with innovation and developments in the biological drugs segments are expected to drive the growth of the global auto-injectors market during the forecast period of 2016-2024. Rising self-medication practices, growing demand for targeted drug delivery systems for treatments of chronic diseases, coupled with government reimbursements and marketing approvals for auto-injectors are some other factors that are fuelling the demand for auto-injectors in the global market. However, higher prices for injectors, lack of practices of self-injection in emerging countries, and presence of substitute products are certain factors that are restraining the growth of the global auto-injectors market.

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The global market for auto-injectors is segmented on basis of product, application, distribution channels and geography:

Based on product type segmentation, the disposable auto-injectors dominated the global auto-injectors market in 2015 in terms of value, and it is expected to continue this dominance during the forecast period of 2016-2024. Factors such as rising patient awareness and inclination of patients towards self-administration, increasing demand for auto-injectors due to increasing prevalence of anaphylaxis, and other emergency conditions, combined with easy to use disposable auto-injectors, are some factors that are expected to drive the growth of disposable auto-injectors segment in the global auto-injectors market during the forecast period of 2016-2024. Based on applications, the anaphylaxis segment is expected to dominate the global auto-injectors market during the forecast period of 2016-2024.

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On the basis of regional presence, global auto-injectors market is segmented into five key regions viz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America is expected to lead the global auto-injectors market in terms of revenue owing to the advanced healthcare infrastructure, advancements in medical devices technologies, higher demand for quality products, and availability of reimbursement policies. According to World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 26 Mn people in U.S. suffered from allergies, and according to Healthline Networks, an estimated 400,000 people in the U.S., and 2.5 Mn people around the world suffered from multiple sclerosis in 2015 with over 400 new cases of multiple sclerosis identified each week in the U.S. Asia Pacific market is anticipated to grow at the fastest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to factors such as increasing anaphylaxis and food allergies in countries such as China, Japan, Singapore, Australia and India. According to Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA), Australia and New Zealand topped the list of countries with most prevalence of food allergies in 2015 followed by Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. Growing medical tourism and high growth of the medical devices industry in these countries, is expected to drive the growth of the global auto-injectors market during the forecast period of 2016-2024.

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Some of the major players in global auto-injectors market are

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Auto Injectors Market Revenue Growth Defined by Heightened Product Innovation - 3rd Watch News

Global Leukapheresis Market is Expected to Reach at a CAGR of 9.60% from 2018 to 2025 – PharmiWeb.com

A new research report published by Fior Markets with the titleGlobal Leukapheresis Market by Type (Leukapheresis Devices, Leukapheresis Disposables), Application, End-Users, and Region and Global Forecast 2018-2025.

As per the report, theglobal leukapheresis marketis expected to grow from USD 19.29 Million in 2017 to USD 41.07 Million by 2025 at a CAGR of 9.60% during the forecast period from 2018-2025. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period. Ongoing regenerative medicine research in the region, rise in the number of clinical trials and the presence of leading pharma and biotech companies in the region are some of the major factors driving the growth of the market in region.

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Prominent players operating in the market are Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd, Macopharma SA, Fresenius Se & Co. KGaA, Bioivt, Haemonetics Corporation, PPA Research Group, Inc., Hemacare Corporation, Key Biologics, LLC, Terumo BCT, ALLCells, LLC, Stemexpress, LLC, Stemcell Technologies, Inc., Caltag Medsystems Limited, Zenbio, Inc, Precision for Medicine, Inc and others. Major firms are incorporating various strategies to increase their market reach. For instance, in April 2018, Fresenius Kabi expanded its production site for medical devices in Dominican Republic (U.S). This plant manufactures and exports apheresis systems for plasma and platelet collection. This new production facility has enhanced its production capabilities to meet the demand for apheresis systems.

The type segment is classified into leukapheresis devices and leukapheresis disposables. The leukapheresis disposables segment accounted for the largest market share in 2017. The increasing applications for the isolation of primary cells from blood for cell therapy research applications is estimated to drive the growth of the segment. Applications segment is divided into research applications and therapeutic applications. The research applications segment is dominating and was valued around USD 11.13 million in 2017. Growing adoption in research activities for cancer, immunology, infectious diseases, drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and cell-based therapies are contributing to the growth of the segment. End user segment is classified into blood component providers and blood centers, academic and research institutes, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and hospitals and transfusion centers. The blood component providers & blood centers segment is expected to grow with the highest CAGR in the forecast period. Increasing number of blood donations and rising demand for leukopaks in clinical conditions like cancer are driving the growth.

Increasing prevalence of leukemia and rise in the blood donations are boosting demand of market in forecast period. In addition, research activities including development of cell-based immunotherapies is also boosting the growth of the market. High costs of leukapheresis may restrict the growth of the market. However, innovations in R&D activities and commercialization of new products are propelling the growth of the market in forecast period.

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About the report:The globalleukapheresis market is analysed on the basis of value (USD Billion), volume (K Units), export (K Units), and import (K Units). All the segments have been analyzed on global, regional and country basis. The study includes the analysis of more than 30 countries for each segment. The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The study includes porters five forces model, attractiveness analysis, raw material analysis, and competitor position grid analysis.

Customization of the Report:The report can be customized as per client requirements. For further queries, you can contact us onsales@fiormarkets.comor +1-201-465-4211. Our executives will be pleased to understand your requirements and offer you the best-suited reports.

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Global Leukapheresis Market is Expected to Reach at a CAGR of 9.60% from 2018 to 2025 - PharmiWeb.com

Tech: Call for immunology to return to the wild Tunis Daily News – Tdnews

In an article published today in Science, a multidisciplinary research team from morethan 10 universities and research institutes outlines how integrating a more diverseset of species and environments could enhance the biomedical research cycle.The viruses that cause COVID-19, AIDS, Ebola, and rabies among others allmade the lethal jump from wildlife into humans. Understanding how the immunesystem works in animals that live with coronaviruses in a natural environment, suchas bats, can give us direction for developing treatments and vaccines to protecthumans from viruses.

Lead author, Dr Andrew Flies from the Menzies Institute for Medical Research at theUniversity of Tasmania, says this is not a new concept.

The very first vaccine arose from observing people interacting with animals in a realworldenvironment. Specifically, milkmaids who acquired a mild cowpox infectionfrom cows were protected from the deadly smallpox. That observation led to the ideaof inoculating people with non-lethal viruses to protect them from deadly viruses.This type of discovery can only be made by studying new species in variableenvironments.

Modern research relies heavily on mouse experiments in laboratory settings, whichlimits the scope for this type of ground-breaking discovery. For example, a new classof antibodies, often referred to as nanobodies, was discovered in camels. Easier andfaster to make than traditional antibodies used in biomedicine, camel-derivednanobodies are playing an import role in biomedical research, including the globalCOVID-19 response. This shows how stepping out of the lab and studying newspecies can yield large long-term payoffs.

We are really excited to see how our initial group discussions held at the firstAustralian Wild and Comparative Immunology (WACI) workshop(https://www.wacimmuno.com/ ) led to publishing a Perspective article in a worldleading journal, said co-author Dr Jerome Le Nours, from the BiomedicineDiscovery Institute at Monash University, who was co-organiser of the WACImeeting.

There are many excellent wildlife and disease ecologists, veterinarian scientists andimmunologists in Australia, and beyond. We hope that our contribution will inspirethem to seek mutually beneficial, inter-disciplinary collaboration said AssociateProfessor Anne Peters, Monash University, co-author and consortium collaborator.

WACI Consortium collaborator and co-author, Associate Professor Julie Old fromWestern Sydney University, said its important for immunology research to includemore diverse species. If we want to evolve our understanding of the immunesystem, and potentially get ahead of any future pandemics, the research communityneeds to expand. We need to broaden our scope, and bring new species and newenvironments into the research paradigm.

Realising wild immunology needs initiatives like the WACI Consortium that harnessthe wide expertise of scientists and diverse technologies within individual areas saysAssociate Professor Michelle Power from Macquarie University. The risks ofemerging infectious diseases are not going away. We need new ideas, new toolsand dynamic collaboration to address them.

Director of the Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Distinguished ProfessorAlison Venn, said new technology has broken down research barriers to integratingnew species and environments into the research cycle.Proactive investment in wild immunology can stimulate discoveries with real-worldapplications for human and veterinary medicine and conservation. It could help usprepare for the next pandemic.

###

Learn more about the call to action here: https://youtu.be/8fpW-f41j6c(video under embargo until 2pm US EST 2-July)

Media contact:

Angela Wilson

Communications Manager,

Menzies Institute for Medical Research

+61 0487 325 217

[emailprotected]

Information released by:

Communications and Media Office

University of Tasmania

+61 3 6226 2124

[emailprotected]

Twitter.com/utas_

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Tech: Call for immunology to return to the wild Tunis Daily News - Tdnews

What’s the answer to slowing the spread of COVID-19 for older adults? – Glenwood Springs Post Independent

Theres a lot of stupid floating around out there.

Thats what South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster said during a recent news conference in which he pleaded with the public to make better decisions to slow the spread of COVID-19.

Thats the best quote ever its how you explain the recent surge (in cases), said Dr. Michael Schmidt, PhD, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the Medical University of South Carolina.

Dr. Schmidt is the guest host of an upcoming webcast, How Colorado Can Work Smarter to Slow the Spread of COVID-19 in Older Adults, presented by Renew Senior Communities. Renew CEO Lee Tuchfarber is co-hosting.

This is a plague for which the human race has a choice, Dr. Schmidt said. We already know how to stop this virus dead in its tracks.

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Much of the discussion will focus on how we can do our part as a society to slow the spread, but Dr. Schmidt will also discuss promising light at the end of the tunnel. From the potential that oral polio vaccines can safely and cheaply protect the U.S. population to excitement over bluetooth technology expanding the efficiency of contact tracing, Dr. Schmidt said various stop-gap measures could make a big difference until theres a COVID-19 vaccine.

The only thing more infectious than this virus is hope, he said.

Personal responsibility

The way we control the virus is really straightforward, Dr. Schmidt said its hygiene.

Wearing a mask to protect others, washing your hands and keeping a physical distance of at least six feet from other people are the most effective safety precautions.

If weve learned one thing, there are a lot of folks out there who are infected and dont know it, he said. The mere act of speech actually can spread the virus. So, if youre out carrying your business and talking, wear a mask.

Physical distancing is your only hope if youre not wearing a mask. The hope being that the virus dissipates in the air before smashing into your face.

Many medical folks are wearing face shields because the virus can come in from your tear ducts, Dr. Schmidt said.

As for hand hygiene, simple soap and water is all you need. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing hands for at least 20 seconds.

Strict safety protocols have proven to work at Renew Senior Livings two communities in Aurora and Glenwood Springs. Tuchfarber said all residents at both communities have remained COVID-free while a great number of the senior living facilities in Colorado have experienced outbreaks.

Renew put various safety measures in place for staff before they enter the building, and theyve even provided staff with meals to take home to their families to decrease their need to go to the grocery store. Much of this decision-making is data-driven, with various phases of safety measures implemented depending on the R-naught (Ro), which is the estimate of the number of people to whom each infected person spreads the virus.

Theres an inherent spreadability of the virus itself, but theres also an environmental factor, Tuchfarber said. So behavior can really affect the Ro.

Testing

Testing serves a vital role in understanding and controlling the spread of COVID-19, Dr. Schmidt said. He points to data from Taiwan, a densely populated island that has managed to keep its number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 to date to less than 450 thanks to aggressive testing and contract tracing.

Going forward, given that we know there is significant asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission of the virus, pre-emptive testing may be a way we help slow the spread of the virus in areas that have suddeningly seen a surge in an increase in new cases, he said. Simply, local areas may wish to routinely screen random members within their community looking for an up-turn in the number of cases. Such a program will be especially important to companies with public-facing employees, so that they can ensure that their employees and customers are as safe as possible.

Renew is working on a strategy for preemptive testing rather than waiting for a positive case and then reacting to it. Tuchfarber said Renew should be implementing that new protocol very soon.

Preemptive testing of all staff on a regular basis, unprompted by a positive test result, is presently a rarity in our industry, but is an important measure to assure safety. We are preparing to integrate this program in our COVID-19 safety regimen, Tuchfarber said. This is an extra measure of safety that we feel strongly about taking.

Facilitating a global response

In an effort to facilitate a global response, scientists are looking at three strategies: diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines.

Diagnostics essentially look at how we can slow the spread faster and better, while therapeutics focus on the use of drugs.

If were going to restart the economy, we need two to three drugs so the virus doesnt adapt to the drugs like it did with HIV and hepatitis C in the 1980s, Dr. Schmidt said.

Vaccines are the area for which Dr. Schmidt is truly excited. There are more than 90 candidate vaccines currently being studied, with microbiologists, structural biologists, physiologists and others all pulling in the same direction.

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What's the answer to slowing the spread of COVID-19 for older adults? - Glenwood Springs Post Independent

Staying Informed and Empowered as A Patient with Cancer – Curetoday.com

Cutting-edge medical information and first-person accounts empower patients to evaluate immunotherapy as a treatment option, one organization attests.

Beyond the patients health care team the oncologist, nurses and other specialists who treat and provide support throughout the cancer journey peers can be an important source of knowledge. Other patients who share their experiences with cancer and treatment provide a vital and often helpful perspective.

In addition, groups like the Cancer Research Institute (CRI), a nonprofit organization that since 1953 has worked to advance the field of cancer immunology, can help fill the gaps by providing resources that are reassuring, inspiring and even lifesaving.

CRI has created a number of resources for patients and caregivers seeking information about immunotherapy. These include a website providing updates on the latest in research and drug approvals for more than 20 major types of cancer, a webinar series featuring immunotherapy experts, an immunotherapy clinical trial finder service and a series of patient story videos.

These resources can help both patients who are eligible to take Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunotherapies and those whose cancers dont respond to standard therapies and must look to experimental treatment. Such treatments usually are found in clinical trials that are testing new drugs, treatment combinations or ways to administer them. Some drugs may already be approved to treat some types of cancer but are undergoing testing in others.

Because these treatments are new or not yet approved, less may be known about their potential benefits and risks compared with conventional therapies. Patients may havea lot of questions: Will it work for me? How will I know its working? How will it make me feel? What are the known side effects?

Recognizing the value of its resources in answering these questions for patients and caregivers, CRI decided in 2016 to provide an additional forum through which cancer-concerned communities can connect with one another and with scientific experts at the forefrontof cancer immunotherapy: the CRI Immunotherapy Patient Summit Series.

Over the past four years, the CRI summits, which are free to attendees, have brought the science of cancer immunotherapy to thousands of patients, caregivers and advocates, explaining in clear, accessible terms how scientists are unlocking the immune systems natural ability to fight cancer.

Importantly, the summits also feature keynote presentations and panel discussions centered on patients who share their experiences in learning about and receiving immunotherapy, participating in clinical trials and overcoming cancer.

At a recent CRI Immunotherapy Patient Summit in Houston, attendees heard from keynote patient speaker K.C. Dill, who described how researching immuno- therapy and listening to other patients stories on the CRI website inspired, informed and empowered her to take action after chemotherapy and radiation failed to keep her cancer at bay.

ONE PATIENTS IMMUNOTHERAPY STORY

When Dill learned in February 2015 that she had stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer, she was devastated and feared for the future of her husband and two daughters. Just 40 at the time, she never imagined that shed face the same rare type of lung cancer, adenosquamous carcinoma, that her mother was battling. Sadly, a few years later, cancer would take her mothers life.

Leaving the hospital that day and going to my mothers house to tell her I had the same kind of cancer she had was the hardest thing Ive ever had to do, Dill said in an interview with CRI (cancerresearch.org/kc).

Because her cancer was so advanced, Dill was ineligible for surgery. Instead, she began an aggressive regimen of radiation and chemotherapy that left her feeling sick, fatigued and in pain. After 15 weeks of severe side effects, Dill decided shed had enough and needed another option. Meanwhile, the cancer had progressed to stage 4, spreading to her lymph nodes. Dill realized her odds of survival were rapidly dwindling. She sought a second opinion and different course of treatment at Baylor College of Medicine in nearby Houston. There, she heard the word immunotherapy for the first time.

Dills oncologist at Baylor, Dr. Jun Zhang, explained that although no immunotherapy had yet been approved by the FDA for her type of cancer, there were indications that Dill might respond to treatment with a type of immunotherapy called checkpoint blockade specifically, the drug Opdivo (nivolumab), which interferes with cancers ability to disable the immune systems attack.

The drug had received FDA approval earlier that year to treat another subtype of the disease called squamous non-small cell lung cancer and showed promise in other types of lung cancer.

After her initial consultation with Zhang, Dill returned home, went online to learn as much as she could about immunotherapy and found CRIs website. She watched videos and read stories about others with advanced lung cancer who had been treated successfully with Opdivo. I thought, Wow, if it worked for them, it could work for me, Dill recalled.

She decided to find out if immunotherapy could help her immune system fight the cancer. Through the drugmakers compassionate use program, Dill began receiving treatments every two weeks. She describes the experience as unlike anything she endured while receiving chemotherapy and radiation. After my first treatment, I felt a little sore and had some flu-like symptoms, but I was able to work out the next day, she said.

After the first few weeks, Dill felt better than she had in a long time. I had color back in my skin. My hair was growing back. I had more energy, she said.

Just how well Dill was responding to immunotherapy quickly became apparent when the first scans showed that her tumors had all but disappeared. By spring 2016, she had no evidence of disease and stopped treatment later that year. She remains in remission, enjoying time with her family and spreading the word about cancer immunotherapy as a CRI ImmunoAdvocate.

Immunotherapy has given me hope, Dill said. There are so many people out there this can help. Other patients that had come before me inspired me, so thats my hope to let my experience help the next person.

A VIRTUAL CONNECTION

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unique risks and challenges it poses to patients with cancer, CRI has reimagined its in-person summit series as the CRI Virtual Immunotherapy Patient Summit.

The CRI Virtual Summit, which will take place in autumn 2020, promises to deliver the same high-quality, expert-curated information about cancer immunotherapy, along with inspiring, first-person accounts from patients. As with other CRI summits, this virtual event will include cancer-specific breakout sessions, allowing attendees to take a deeper dive into immunotherapy for the cancers that concern them most.

As cancer immunotherapy continues to become more widely available, CRI will continue to bridge the learning gap by providing trusted information for patients, caregivers and advocates. Meanwhile, CRI remains committed to funding promising research in immunology and immunotherapy so that, someday, all patients with cancer might be able to experience the potentially lifesaving benefits of this new treatment approach.

More here:
Staying Informed and Empowered as A Patient with Cancer - Curetoday.com

SARS-CoV-2-Reactive T Cells Found in Patients with Severe COVID-19 – The Scientist

In May, researchers showed that people with mild forms of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, have circulating T cells that respond to the virus. Now, in a Science Immunology study published last week (June 26), a collaborating research team has determined that people who are sick enough with COVID-19 to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit also make SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. In both studies, the researchers found that a subset of healthy, unexposed people also had some of these T cells that react to the virus, perhaps due to previous exposures to other coronaviruses that cause symptoms of the common cold.

The latest study provides more solid evidence that there are SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells that are induced by the infection, says Antonio Bertoletti, who studies T cells at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore and was not involved in the work. This is important because researchers have put a lot of emphasis on antibodies, he adds, but its still not clear whether antibodies or T cells are more important for protection from the virus.

Rory de Vries, a virologist and immunologist at Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands, was visiting immunologist Alessandro Settes lab at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology in California to collaborate on another project when all hell broke loose with the pandemic, Sette tells The Scientist.Settes group had been developing tools to investigate adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, but in California at that point, they didnt have a COVID-19 patient population to try them in. As de Vries prepared to return home in March, Europe already had confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2, so he took the tools the team had developed back to the Netherlands.

de Vries and colleagues collected blood from 10 COVID-19 patientsfour women and six men admitted to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring ventilationand 10 healthy volunteers. The team exposed the study participants immune cells to a pool of predicted SARS-CoV-2 peptides in vitro to see whether or not the cells would react.

The team determined that all of the ill patients had fewer overall T cells than the healthy volunteers, which was consistent with earlier findings from other groups. All patients had helper T cells and eight of 10 had killer T cells that targeted SARS-CoV-2 proteins. These reactive T cells showed up within about 10 days of symptom onset in the patients. The strongest responses were to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but cells responded to membrane and nuclear viral proteins, too.

The frequency of these corona-specific T cells in these patients . . . is at least at the same level, if not higher than I see in other viruses, says Nina Babel, an immunologist at Charit Universittsmedizin Berlin who did not participate in the study. This indicates that the lack of T-cell response is probably not the problem in these patients, she explains.

The study authors reported that two healthy controls also had circulating SARS-CoV-2-fighting T cells, something that showed up in healthy controls in the study of milder cases of COVID-19 in May. A likely explanation is that this is reflective of exposure to common cold coronaviruses which . . . are cousins of SARS-CoV-2, Sette says. This could give the immune system a head start by allowing it to leverage preexisting reactivity to mount a faster or better response, or it might be a disadvantage in that preexisting immunity could lead the immune system to take SARS-CoV-2 less seriously, he adds. While Sette thinks the second idea is less likely, he acknowledges that the jury is still out about the role this reactivity in unexposed people, which has also been shown in studies from other groups, plays in the severity of COVID-19.

The most curious thing is this issue of cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2 from people whove never seen the virus, says Stanley Perlman, an immunologist at the University of Iowa who was not involved in the study. His group has done work with MERS-CoVthe coronavirus responsible for Middle East Respiratory Syndromeand they see almost no evidence of this kind of preexisting immunity, he says. The authors postulate that this [cross-reactivity] comes from circulating coronaviruses or something else. It would be interesting to show what that something else is.

Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 will help researchers determine what aspects of that response they can leverage and which aspects make people sicker and are to be avoided, de Vries tells The Scientist.The next steps would then of course be treatment, but especially vaccinations, he explains. If we vaccinate people and direct the immune response, we need to know what immunity we want to induce and what immunity we want to stay away from.

D. Weiskopf et al., Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome,Science Immunology,doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2071, 2020.

Link:
SARS-CoV-2-Reactive T Cells Found in Patients with Severe COVID-19 - The Scientist

Trinity scientists handed 4.8m to unravel mysteries of virus – The Times

A new Irish research project is hoping to work out why men are more affected by Covid-19 than women, why some people get more sick than others, and how long immunity lasts after recovery.

Researchers at Trinity College are hopeful of providing answers to these questions following a 4.8 million investment into the study of immunology of the coronavirus.

Simon Harris, the minister for higher education, innovation and science, announced the funding yesterday.

The research will be led by Professor Kingston Mills and Professor Aideen Long at the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute.

It will try to understand why some people are more susceptible to Covid-19 than others.

The immunologists will develop, validate and deploy rapid antibody testing. This will seek

Link:
Trinity scientists handed 4.8m to unravel mysteries of virus - The Times