Category Archives: Immunology

Immunology

Livestock research ‘going to do some of the very best science’ – Rocky Mountain Collegian

In case you forgot, Colorado State University is a land-grant institution, originally formed as an agricultural college.

To further the Universitys initial mission, the College of Agricultural Sciences and the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences are teaming up to start the Sustainable Livestock Systems Collaborative.

I think the impetus really is that, you know, CSU is a land-grant university, said Mark Zabel, CVMBS associate dean for research. We still have a commitment to agriculture and to educating Coloradans centered around those issues.

Zabel said that while there will be no physical building or presence, the Sustainable Livestock Systems Collaborative will be a collection of stakeholders researchers, policy makers and producers in the livestock, agriculture and dairy industries coming together around the idea of sustainable farming practices.

The overall goal (is) to specifically engage with livestock production and to help producers at the grassroots (level) address firstly profitability, secondly their environmental footprint, thirdly animal health and lastly human health, particularly via food safety, said Keith Belk, head of the department of animal sciences and co-chair of the steering committee.

Applications for director of the initiative recently closed, Belk said, and research is anticipated to begin by the fall semester of this year. Belk said they will be opening a couple more faculty positions in the coming months as well.

Its actually across our entire campus. Where we have students interested in sustainability, weve got scientists that are interested in it, and were going to be able to do great things by working together. -James Pritchett, College of Agricultural Sciences interim dean

James Pritchett, interim dean of CAS, said professionals in the agriculture industry have been coming to CSU asking for answers to questions grounded in sustainability. The driving force behind much of the research conducted by the collaborative will be issues posed to CSU by those professionals.

For example, as the climate changes and we have disrupted weather patterns and we have periods of drought or flood, how does that affect how we can grow crops? Zabel asked. We can do things like try to develop heartier strains of grain that can survive droughts or that can survive floods. We can develop better feeding and watering practices for our livestock.

Belk added that research could be anything related to the environmental impact of farming, ranching and livestock production. Water use, water contamination, soil erosion, land management and production of greenhouse gases are all topics the collaborative wants to explore and find solutions to.

The collaborative will not only provide faculty with more opportunities to conduct research, but will allow for undergraduate and graduate students to participate as well.

I am very committed to having all of our students at every education level coming together as research teams to solve these problems, Zabel said. In (the department of microbiology, immunology and pathology), we really emphasize undergraduate research. Its our goal to be able to train each of our undergraduates in long-term substantive research experience.

Pritchett said funding for the collaborative comes from repurposing a base budget that funded faculty members who have since retired or moved on, and the Office of the Provost will then match that with funding from student allocations from the general fund.

Were going to do some of the very best science to help create sustainable food systems, Pritchett said. Its reaching across not just the college of agriculture or vet med, its actually across our entire campus. Where we have students interested in sustainability, weve got scientists that are interested in it, and were going to be able to do great things by working together.

Serena Bettis can be reached atnews@collegian.comor on Twitter@serenaroseb.

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Livestock research 'going to do some of the very best science' - Rocky Mountain Collegian

Immunology

Russia’s Ministry of Health refutes misleading online claim that it stated COVID-19 is man-made – AFP Factcheck

Multiple articles and social media posts viewed tens of thousands of timesclaimthe Russian Ministry of Health confirmed in a document that the novel coronavirus, COVID-19,is man-made.The claim is misleading; the RussianMinistry of Health said it did not make such astatement; the documentcited in the misleading postsstates COVID-19is a recombinant virus which can form naturally.

The claim was made in this report by Taiwanese news site CredereMedia. The article has been viewed almost 150,000 times on Facebook after it was published on February 21, 2020, according to statistics from social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle.

The article's traditional Chinese-language headline translates to English as: The first official confirmation in the world: Russian Ministry of Health says Wuhan pneumonia is caused by a man-made virus.

The photo in the article is captioned: Russian health minister Mikhail Murashko (pictured left) signs a document confirming the source of the Wuhan pneumonia is a man-made recombinant virus."

The article reports onRussia's measures to combat the novel coronavirus, as well ason China'sdenials that the virus was created as a biological weapon.

Below is a screenshot of the misleading post alongside CrowdTangle statistics:

The claim was also shared in Facebook groups with hundreds of thousands of followers, such as here, here, here and here. It has also circulated on Twitter here, here, here and here as well as on Instagram here and here.

The claim is misleading.

The Russian Ministry of Health has never indicated that the virus was of artificial origin in its recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus, a Ministry of Health spokesperson told AFP by email on February 27, 2020.

Regarding the alleged document, the misleading posts refer to a report published late January by the Russian Ministry of Health.

A search forcoronavirus on the ministrys website found the Temporary guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the new 2019-nCoV coronavirus infection, which was published on January 30, 2020.

Coronavirus 20190nCov is presumably a recombinant virus, between a bat coronavirus and a coronavirus whose origin is unknown, part of the Russian report reads in English.

Professor William Robert Fleischmann Jr., an expert on viruses and immunology, noted in his co-authored academic book Medical Microbiology that recombinant viruses can form naturally.

Viruses are continuously changing as a result of genetic selection. They undergo subtle genetic changes through mutation and major genetic changes through recombination, the book stated. Mutation occurs when an error is incorporated in the viral genome. Recombination occurs when coinfecting viruses exchange genetic information, creating a novel virus.

A research paper published here in January 2020 in the Journal of Medical Virology also explains how recombination can be a natural process.

The report, which is titled Crossspecies transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019nCoV, states that the coronavirus may appear to be a recombinant virus between the bat coronavirus and an originunknown coronavirus.

A claimthat the deadly virus was created in a laboratory, and specifically by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was previously debunked by AFP here.

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Russia's Ministry of Health refutes misleading online claim that it stated COVID-19 is man-made - AFP Factcheck

Immunology

Coronavirus circulated ‘unnoticed for weeks’ in Italy, expert says – Daily Sabah

The new coronavirus had been "circulating unnoticed for weeks" in Italy, experts said Friday after studying its progression in the country.

"The virus circulated unnoticed for several weeks before the first ascertained cases ... perhaps since mid-January," Massimo Galli, the director of the Biomedical Research Institute, told Agence France-Presse (AFP). Studying the virus in Italy "will help understand the epidemic better, and contain it," he said.

The virus mutates from person to person, he said, so researchers will be looking at why Italy has the largest number of cases in Europe and "the differences between this and the coronavirus in China." That will help in terms of treatment and the potential development of a vaccine, he added.

Some 650 people have tested positive for the virus in Italy, though only 303 are considered serious clinical cases.

Galli's team at the Sacco hospital in Milan, led by immunology professor Claudia Balotta, worked on samples taken from three patients in the "red zone" around Codogno in Lombardy, home to Italy's first known case of COVID-19. They isolated the Italian strain in just four days.

The small town of Codogno in northern Italy is home to a 38-year-old man dubbed "patient one." "Patient zero," who passed the virus to the 38-year-old, has yet to be found, but "patient one" is considered the source of both the Codogno outbreak and another in the Veneto region.

The 38-year-old hospitalized a week ago passed the virus to his heavily pregnant wife, a friend and men who were regulars at a bar in Codogno, before going on to infect doctors, nurses and other hospital patients as well.

The virus has killed 17 people in Italy over the past week, all of whom were either elderly or had pre-existing health issues.

The number of cases of infection reported has risen steadily each day, though Galli said that did not mean the virus was spreading. Most were people who had caught it previously but had not been tested until now.

Bilotta said it would "take weeks" to determine the exact date of arrival of this strain in Italy, saying results would likely only come "once the epidemic is over."

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Coronavirus circulated 'unnoticed for weeks' in Italy, expert says - Daily Sabah

Immunology

Northwell creates institute for gun violence prevention – The Island Now

Northwell Health System announced the creation of an institute to study gun violence prevention on Wednesday.

The Center for Gun Violence Prevention was established by its President and CEO Michael Dowling to help curtail the nearly 40,000 firearms-related deaths that occur every year in the U.S.

I firmly believe that health care leaders have a social responsibility to try to stop the mindless bloodshed caused by firearms-related violence in this country, just as we respond aggressively to health crises like vaping, the flu or the new coronavirus that is causing worldwide panic, said Dowling, who has called gun violence a major health problem and called on other hospital groups to support legislation to address the problem.

The center will be headed by Dr. Chethan Sathya, a pediatric surgeon and associate trauma medical director at Cohen Childrens Medical Center, whose trauma surgery training at Northwestern Medicines Childrens Hospital in Chicago, Ill. involved treating infants with gunshot wounds.

Our goal is to build a blueprint for how health systems across the nation can reduce gun violence and promote gun safety, Sathya said. If we can develop a successful gun violence prevention strategy internally, it will serve as an example for other health systems and industries to follow suit. We want to lead the charge on this and show others that meaningful change is possible and that lives can be saved.

Northwells Deputy Physician-in-Chief Thomas McGinn will assist, as will Dr. Jose Prince, vice chair of surgery at Northwell and director of the Laboratory of Pediatric Injury and Inflammation at the Feinstein Institutes Center for Immunology and Inflammation.

Multiple prominent voices on gun violence prevention have agreed to serve on an advisory committee that will guide the new interdisciplinary center, including Dr. Peter Masiakos, founder of Massachusetts General Hospitals Center for Gun Violence Prevention and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School; Dr. Robert McLean, president of the American College of Physicians and associate clinical professor at Yale Medical School; Dr. Megan Ranney, chief research officer of the American Foundation for Firearm Injury Reduction in Medicine Research; Dr. Mark Rosenberg, former head for the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and former CEO of the Task Force for Global Health; and Daniel Webster, director of Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research and a leader at the Johns Hopkins-Baltimore Collaborative for Violence Reduction.

Dowling, who served as state director of Health, Education and Human Services, has been outspoken on gun violence as a public health crisis. He ran advertisements in The New York Times last summer calling for efforts to combat the problem, held Northwells Gun Violence Prevention Forum last fall and wrote an editorial in the August issue of Beckers Hospital Review on the subject.

True leadership means having the personal courage to speak out and take the heat, particularly on issues that are affecting the health and wellness of our communities, Dowling wrote. If there was a disease that was killing as many people as guns in this country, we would be mobilizing a national response effort. Its inexcusable for us to remain silent.

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Northwell creates institute for gun violence prevention - The Island Now

Immunology

Allergists offer advice to parents of kids with food allergies – Reuters

(Reuters Health) - Parents of children with food allergies should acknowledge their kids anxiety, as well as their own, a group of allergy experts advises.

Food allergies affect children of different ages in different ways and can influence relationships with classmates, family and the general public, according to the study in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Quality of life issues related to food allergies are ubiquitous, said co-author Dr. Ruchi Gupta, director of the Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research at the Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago.

Coping with food allergies impacts relationship skills with peers and classmates, emerging independence and sense of self-efficacy, social skills and confidence, willingness to participate in sports teams, dating and more, she told Reuters Health by email. Coping is an individual internal experience, too: Feelings of worry and anxiety can color all thinking and generate anxiety about many life experiences.

About 8% of children in the U.S. have been diagnosed with a food allergy, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Allergic reactions to foods tend to be among the most severe, and potentially life-threatening, the study authors note.

Anaphylaxis, the most severe allergic reaction, can be reversed with a shot of epinephrine from an auto-injector like the EpiPen.

To examine the challenges children with life-threatening food allergies and their families encounter, which ones cause the most anxiety and what positive coping patterns work best, Gupta and colleagues interviewed six board-certified allergists who treat a large number of children with food allergies.

Overall, the allergists said, diagnosis, management and treatment occur along a spectrum, and its not a one size fits all practice. Younger children, for instance, may not be especially anxious about food, but their parents often are. Although older children may have better understanding and control of their food allergy, they participate in more independent activities, which can create heightened parental anxiety.

Kids with food allergies experience anxiety as a result of their parents stress, as well as fear of the auto-injector needle, anaphylaxis, food allergy tests and oral immunotherapy. The fallout that follows an allergic reaction can also be complex and interfere with everyday functioning. Successfully using epinephrine, however, can build confidence and bring a sense of relief after facing the unknown.

The allergists also talked about creating thoughtful and balanced communication, having credible health information to share with children, and supporting a positive feedback loop between parents and children rather than one that builds anxiety. Parents should be encouraged to transfer their knowledge to children, not all of their worries, one expert remarked.

Psychosocial coping with food allergies can be understood and managed when clear communication is present between parents and children and between healthcare providers and patients, Gupta said. It is a balance between lots of sound medical information and a good understanding of a childs risks and coping resources.

Coping is often impeded by misinformation about food allergies, the experts said, so its important for parents to receive consistent messaging and counseling for the family, if necessary.

You are taking care of the kids, but you are (also) managing the family unit, as you should be, one allergist said.

Brochures, apps, virtual groups and other educational materials can offer scientifically informed resources for parents and kids to manage food allergies. Gupta and colleagues are now collecting information in an online survey about the coping strategies and integrative medicine that parents and children have used.

Its important for families to know that its normal to be stressed about food allergy and feel overwhelmed, worried, sad or frustrated at times, said Linda Herbert, director of the Psychosocial Services Program for the Division of Allergy and Immunology at Childrens National Hospital in Washington, D.C.

But its equally important to know that they can get help from a professional, Herbert, who wasnt involved in the study, told Reuters Health by email. The mental health and allergy communities are paying more and more attention to the needs of food allergy families, and we are working hard to increase the number of mental health professionals who are equipped to do so.

SOURCE: bit.ly/2utQCOm Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, online February 25, 2020.

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Allergists offer advice to parents of kids with food allergies - Reuters

Immunology

Roche To Top $66 Billion In Sales By 2020, Led By Neuroscience – Nasdaq

Roche Holdings(OTCMKTS:RHHBY) revenue grew at a CAGR of 5.3% from $52.5 billion in 2015 to $64.4 billion in 2019, and it is estimated to top $66 billion in 2020, led by its Neuroscience drugs. The companys oncology drugs will account for 45% of the companys total sales in 2020, but Neuroscience drugs are key to the near term revenue growth, in our view.Oncology drugs are expected to be the single-biggest revenue driver with $30.1 billion in revenues (45% of Total Revenues), which is 5.7x the size of its Neuroscience drugs revenue in 2020. Neuroscience drugs revenues, which includes Ocrevus and Modopar among other drugs, will be the fastest-growing segment adding $3.7 billion over 2017-2020 (32% of $11.6 billion in incremental revenues). Oncology drugs revenues, which includes Herceptin, Perjeta, Tecentriq, and Avastin among other drugs, will add about $3.4 billion over 2017-2020 (29% of the $11.6 billion in incremental revenue). Look at our interactive dashboard analysis on Roches Revenues for more details, parts of which are highlighted below.

Roches Revenue Has Been On A Rise Over The Last Few Years

Comparing Roches Sales Growth To Its Peers

Roche Has One of The Largest Oncology Drugs Portfolio, But It Is Expected To See A Decline Going Forward.

Ocrevus Has Been The Best Drug Launch Ever For Roche, Boosting Its Neuroscience Drugs Portfolio

Other Therapeutic Drugs Could Also See Growth In The Near Term

Among Other Segments, In-Vitro Diagnostics Could Continue To Grow At A Steady Pace, While Immunology, Ophthalmology, And Virology Drugs Could See A Decline

See allTrefis Price EstimatesandDownloadTrefis Datahere

Whats behind Trefis? See How Its Powering New Collaboration and What-Ifs ForCFOs and Finance Teams|Product, R&D, and Marketing Teams

The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

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Roche To Top $66 Billion In Sales By 2020, Led By Neuroscience - Nasdaq

Immunology

New immune cell with ‘Jekyll and Hyde properties’ identified – The Medical News

Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have identified a rare, new cell in the immune system with "Jekyll and Hyde properties". These cells play a key protective role in immunity to infection but - if unregulated - also mediate tissue damage in autoimmune disorders.

The findings should help us design more effective vaccines to prevent infections such as MRSA, and may also assist help us develop of new therapies for autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis.

The research was funded by Science Foundation Ireland and led by Kingston Mills, Professor of Experimental Immunology, and Dr. Sarah Edwards and Dr. Caroline Sutton, Postdoctoral Fellows in the School of Biochemistry and Immunology in the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute. Their findings were published today [Thursday 27th February 2020] in The Journal of Experimental Medicine.

The immune system functions to control infection, utilizing various immune cells, such as T cells to respond to and control invading microbes. However, if these immune cells are not highly regulated, they can attack and damage body tissues, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases.

Molecules called T cell receptors (TCRs) allow T cells to recognize components of infectious agents with exquisite specificity. The TCRs enable T cells to respond to and eventually eliminate the infectious agent.

Professor Kingston Mills said:

Until now scientists thought that there were two discrete populations of T cells, expressing either '' or '' TCRs. The s are the most common T cells in the body. They play a key role in remembering prior infection or immunization and thereby help protect us against re-infection and mediate vaccine-induced protective immunity. The s are more prevalent at mucosal surfaces, such as the lung or gut, and provide an immediate first line of defense against pathogens that invade through these routes."

We have discovered a new cell type that expresses both and TCRs. This rare population of chimeric or hybrid - T cells has properties of both and T cells. Importantly, they are normally highly activated and poised to act as first responders to control bacterial infection. However, given this high level of activation, they are effectively 'Jekyll and Hyde cells' because in certain contexts they can also precipitate autoimmune responses."

Using a model of Staphylococcus aureus infection, Professor Mills and his team found that these cells are rapidly mobilized during infection and play a key role in quickly eliminating the microbes from the body.

The induction of these hybrid - T cells may thus represent a novel approach in the design of more effective vaccines against Staph aureus and other infectious diseases, while advancing our ability to control their response may yield additional therapeutic options.

Professor Mills added:

In a model of autoimmune disease, we found that the hybrid T cells can also trigger the inflammatory cascade that mediates tissue damage in autoimmunity. Therefore, approaches for inhibiting these highly activated immune cells in susceptible individuals may open up new approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis."

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New immune cell with 'Jekyll and Hyde properties' identified - The Medical News

Immunology

Does the Drug Used in Anesthesia Contain Egg and Soy? – Allergic Living

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Published:February 28, 2020

Q: Our teenage daughter with egg and soy allergies has to have surgery. Ive been told that the drug propofol used in anesthesia contains both egg and soy. Is that correct and should I be concerned?

Dr. Sharma: Propofol is mixed in a liquid which contains soybean oil and egg lecithin (a fatty substrate).

For people like your daughter, who have soy or egg allergies, they are allergic to the proteins in these foods, not the oils or fats.

While in theory soy oil and egg lecithin might contain trace amounts of protein, there are no reports in the medical literature of any allergic reactions caused by these ingredients.

There have been reports of allergic reactions to propofol in medical literature. But none of these appear to be related to soy or egg allergy.

Therefore, the general recommendation is that patients who require anesthesia with soy or egg allergy can receive propofol. But be sure to check with your daughters allergist to discuss her particular case.

Dr. Sharma is an allergist, clinical researcher andassociateprofessor of pediatrics. He isChiefof the Division of Allergy and Immunology at Childrens National Medical Center in Washington D.C. and Director of the Food Allergy Program. He co-authors The Food Allergy Experts column inAllergic Livings e-magazine. Questions submitted will be considered for answer in the e-magazine.

Related:The Truth About Drug AllergiesTop Allergens: Places Where They HideFood Allergies and Hospitals: Lack of Training and Reliable Systems

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Does the Drug Used in Anesthesia Contain Egg and Soy? - Allergic Living

Immunology

Harbour BioMed Announces US FDA Approval of IND for Its Next Generation anti-CTLA-4 Antibody, HBM4003, to Treat Cancer – BioSpace

Feb. 28, 2020 11:00 UTC

First fully human, heavy chain only antibody in human trials has shown potent activity in preclinical studies through differentiated mechanism of action

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & ROTTERDAM, Netherlands & SUZHOU, China--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Harbour Biomed (HBM) today announced U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of its Investigational New Drug (IND) application to begin clinical studies with HBM4003, its next generation anti-CTLA-4 antibody for the treatment of cancer. The U.S. study builds on an initial ongoing trial in Australia. The trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of HBM4003 as a single agent in subjects with advanced solid tumors.

The IND approval is an important next step in our global program to develop this exciting molecule, said Dr. Jingsong Wang, Founder, Chairman and CEO of Harbour BioMed. In preclinical studies, HBM4003 demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity based on a differentiated mechanism of action and a favorable safety profile. HBM4003 is the first in a portfolio of mono- and bi-specific antibodies based on our patented, heavy chain only (HCAb) technology against various immuno-oncology and immunology targets that are advancing toward clinical trials.

About HBM4003 HBM4003 is the fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal heavy chain only antibody (HCAb) generated from Harbour Mice. HBM4003 shows enhanced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) killing activity and is extremely specific to CTLA-4High Treg cells in tumor tissues. The potent anti-tumor efficacy and differentiated pharmacokinetics with durable pharmacodynamic effect presents a favorable product profile. This novel and differentiated mechanism of action has the potential to improve efficacy while significantly reducing the toxicity of the drug.

About Harbour BioMed Harbour BioMed is a global, clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative therapeutics in the fields of immuno-oncology and inflammatory diseases. The company is building its proprietary pipeline through internal R&D programs, collaborations with co-discovery and co-development partners and select acquisitions.

The company's internal discovery programs are centered around its two patented transgenic mouse platforms (Harbour Mice) for generating both fully human monoclonal antibodies and heavy chain only antibodies (HCAb) based immune cell engager (HBICE) bispecific antibodies. Harbour BioMed also licenses the platforms to companies and academic institutions. The company has operations in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Suzhou & Shanghai, China.

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Harbour BioMed Announces US FDA Approval of IND for Its Next Generation anti-CTLA-4 Antibody, HBM4003, to Treat Cancer - BioSpace

Immunology

Cuba develops new drugs against cancer and other diseases – OnCubaNews

Cuban scientists are working on several new drugs against cancer and other diseases, such as cardiovascular ailments and rheumatoid arthritis, Granma newspaper reported.

The BioCubaFarma group is currently carrying out 102 projects, of which 75 have a Cuban patent, explained Rolando Prez, director of Science and Innovation of this state conglomerate dedicated to the production of medicines, medical equipment and high-tech services.

The HerberSavax therapeutic vaccineone of the leading products in the oncology areais in phase III clinical trials in ovarian tumors and hepatocarcinoma, which is the most common type of liver cancer.

Developed by the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), a leading entity in this field on the island, the vaccine reduces the formation of blood vessels in the tumor, thereby limiting the supply of nutrients and oxygen and inhibiting its growth and shows encouraging results in some patients.

Cuba prueba una nueva vacuna contra tumores slidos

For its part, a biopharmaceutical created at the Molecular Immunology Center is about to begin a phase I clinical trial in patients with solid tumors. According to Prez, it is a product of the field of cancer immunotherapy, in which intensive research is being carried out.

We have five other products in development in the initial stages of clinical trials, of which two are therapeutic vaccines, two antitumor peptides and a monoclonal antibody, he told Granma.

The director of Science and Innovation of BioCubaFarma also referred to a novel drug, the immunomodulatory peptide called cigb814, to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a disease that causes a high degree of disability.

Another product being developed is the cigb500 peptide, which has shown a powerful cardioprotective activity, according to the specialist.

The phase I clinical trial demonstrated the safety of the drug. A phase II clinical trial is currently underway in patients with acute myocardial infarction, whose results should be ready in the second half of the year, said Prez.

Empresa farmacutica cubana niega despidos masivos

Founded in 2012 and made up of about thirty companies, BioCubaFarma manufactures and distributes more than 1,000 products, 482 of which are included in Cubas basic medicine chart, and its products are exported to more than 50 countries.

In general, biotechnology products and the pharmaceutical industry are among Cubas main exportable items. Among its most recognized medicines are Heberprot-P, a successful therapy to treat diabetic foot ulcers registered in more than 20 countries, of which Havanas CIGB is now working on new formulations.

In addition, the CIMAVAX-EGF vaccine against lung cancer and the Heberferon for the treatment of skin cancer, as well as vaccines against hepatitis B and meningitis and the recombinant Interferon alfa 2B antiviral (IFNrec), which is among the drugs chosen by China to treat COVID-19 coronavirus.

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Cuba develops new drugs against cancer and other diseases - OnCubaNews