Category Archives: Human Behavior

Mission To ‘Mars’: 6 Astronauts Simulate Red Planet Living In The Israeli Desert – NoCamels – Israeli Innovation News

October 22, 2021 medical

Six analog astronauts from around the world are currently holed up in a sweltering Martian base, replicating what life would be like on the Red Planet.

Only this isnt Mars. Its a specialized structure set up by the Israeli Space Agency on Makhtesh Ramon, the 500-meter (1,600-foot) deep, 40 kilometers (25 miles) widecrater in the Negev, Israels largest desert region. The pretend dome, housing astronauts from Austria, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain in isolation until the end of the month, will simulate habitat on Mars, in the unique dry and arid climate of the Negev, which has similarities to Martian landscape.

The expedition is part of the 13th Mars Analog Mission of the Austrian Space Forum (OeWF), an international body specializing in analog missions. The OeWF, in collaboration with national and international science and tech institutions from around the world, conducted its first Mars simulation in the Utah desert in April 2006 and has gone on to lead 11 other international experiments. In 2017, the company selected the Negev desert for one of its future simulated missions. Meanwhile, Israel built and launched D-Mars, a space station at the Makhtesh Ramon set up to house analog astronauts specifically trained for spaceflight and technical tests in simulated space environments. The mission, dubbed AMADEE-20, was supposed to take place in 2020, but like many other projects and events, it was postponed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The scouting in Israel, where a delegation from the Austrian Space Forum visits the host country was in March 2017. Back then we had already started figuring out where we can go and how we can establish such an infrastructure and we had the first negotiations with the Israeli Space Agency. Once we decided on those details and who the partners were, we could begin final negotiations. We set up a Memorandum of Understanding to define our cooperation. says OeWFs Sophie Gruber. She is part of the leadership team at the mission support center in Innsbruck. She manages projects, takes care of planning, and schedules everything for this specific mission together with Dr. Gernot Groemer, director of the Austrian Space Forum.

Five men and one woman make up the team currently conducting more than 20 experiments in the Negev, including two in cooperation with the European Space Agency (ESA.) They are supported by about 30 to 40 people at any given time at the Mission Support Center in Innsbruck Austria emulating the ground segment of an actual Mars mission, including operation teams, flight planners, remote science support, and the infrastructure necessary to coordinate a complex set of experiments in the fields of engineering, geoscience, and human factors. More than 200 researchers from 25 countries are also involved in this international project under Austrian leadership.

The Israeli astronaut on this expedition is 36-year old Alon Tenzer, a veteran of the Israeli Air Force with a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics, Computer Science, and Aviation Science at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Master of Science in Neuroscience at the Weizmann Institute of Science. He was also a researcher and data scientist at the Weizmann Institute. Currently working as a senior AI engineer in Singapore building AI-based solutions for various companies, according to his bio, he has been an analog astronaut since 2019 and has trained for this mission after being selected from over 100 people who applied for the chance to be part of the simulation.

We are six people working in a tight space under a lot of pressure to do a lot of tests There are bound to be challenges, he told Reuters just before the team went into isolation. But I trust my crew that we are able to overcome those challenges.

Gruber tells NoCamels that the most obvious reason that the OeWF chose the Negev as a base for a Mars mission simulation is that when you go and stand there, it looks like Mars.

We have comparison pictures from the Curiosity Rover and pictures we took if you dont see any outcrops or anything, you cannot know which is Mars and which is Israel, she adds.

The second reason is that there are geological features on the Ramon Crater, which can also be found on Mars. If we want to investigate how we take geological samples, how we process geological samples, to look for signs of life, for instance the Ramon Crater is a really great place to do so.

Then, there is the possibility for an isolated mission. [In the Negev,] we are not next to a big city and we are not in the middle of some kind of infrastructure, so we can have the isolated feeling, which is really important for the human factor experiments.

Scientists want to make sure that the participants in isolation will be able to avoid mistakes that would endanger real astronauts. They will research human behavior and look for signs of poor mental and physical health.

The astronauts have been training for the past two years and have had several training weekends where they came together to learn geology, engineering, first aid, and astronomy, Gruber explains. The participants all had to pass tests that proved their mental and physical fitness.

They also complete questionnaires about their daily feelings and activities inside the habitat, asking them to describe their moods. While she would not go into detail to respect the privacy of the astronauts, Gruber noted that many of them were tired and sleep-deprived because they had so many things to do and the support center had to be patient and understanding toward their plight.

[The isolation] is not something were used to probably more now due to the pandemic but its something we have to learn to cope with. It affects the day-to-day handling of simple tasks. This is quite important to what we are doing here because we have the chance to actually develop the strategies necessary to cope with a long installation. Once we go to Mars, we should know what happens and how we can deal with it, Gruber says.

While the red dirt and rocky landscape of the desert closely resemble the Red Planets rough terrain, the expedition is still a human-developed project on Earth. One of the biggest challenges for the astronauts is adapting to the hot, dry climate as they head outside for extravehicular activity (EVA) in elaborate 110 lb space suits built by the OeWF, and perform experiments with autonomous drones and solar-powered vehicles.

While the temperature on Mars is a frigid -81 degrees Fahrenheit, temperatures in the Negev are 77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit on average.

One challenge that we had to adapt to was how hot it got in the desert We had to start earlier and shift our daily routine quite a lot to accommodate for different constellations of sun shadow on sample places where we wanted to go, Gruber says, I think thats something very valuable as well for future missions to Mars because you never know what to expect. Human beings like to have a routine, but its not like that. You have to be able to adapt very fast to new situations.

Another challenge the group faced was navigating the terrain. Gruber explains that the group had satellite images of a certain location, as they might have on Mars. The astronauts sent out drones to explore the area before they sent out the astronauts.

It turned out that the drones predicted many paths were traversable but when the astronauts came to the location, it was not. So we had to change the path and areas where we wanted to go became unreachable. This is definitely something that could happen on Mars. she admits.

The problem with that is that communication from Mars to Earth is not instantaneous. In fact, it takes 10 minutes for a text message from Mars to reach a mission control center on Earth, Gruber says. The mission support center in Innsbruck simulated this communication challenge by creating an artificial time delay through a server.

It makes a huge difference, if youre in the middle of the desert if you have a question about an experiment, and you have to relate to Earth, it takes 10 minutes. Then we send a message back to answer you and it takes 10 minutes again. So analog astronauts in the desert are actually waiting for half an hour for answers to their scenario.

When the isolation phase ends on October 31, Gruber says she wants to know what went right, what went wrong, and what experiments are actually doable or need a redesign.

I can talk for hours about the questions I want to ask them, she says. I want to know how they felt, how comfortable they were in the habitat in isolation. And communication-wise, if they were missing some communication from Earth or if they would have liked more communications or less.

There are so many questions, she adds.

The rest is here:
Mission To 'Mars': 6 Astronauts Simulate Red Planet Living In The Israeli Desert - NoCamels - Israeli Innovation News

Human Behavior

Rhythm of War Reread: Chapter Fifty-Five – tor.com

October 22, 2021 medical

Hey, my Cosmere Chickens, its Thursday againtime for another Rhythm of War reread chapter. Welcome back, as we rejoin Kaladin for some sober conversation with Syl, and some very sneaky sneaking around the Tower. Also an Observation, and a realization that leads to a very tense mission which well get to in another three weeks. Come on in and join the discussion!

Reminder: Well be discussing spoilers for the entirety of the series up until now. If you havent read ALL of the published entries of The Stormlight Archive (this includes Edgedancer and Dawnshard as well as the entirety of Rhythm of War), best to wait to join us until youre done.

There are no Cosmere spoilers in the post this week; no promises about the comments, though!

Heralds: Palah (Pailiah, Paliah). Truthwatchers. Learned/Giving. Role: Scholar.

Vedeledev (Vedel). Edgedancers. Loving/Healing. Role: Healer.

A: Im not terribly confident in this, but my best guess is that Vedel is here for Kaladins skillful care-taking of the unconscious Teft, and possibly for the mental-health-and-grieving discussion with Syl. Palah maybe for his search for information about the Oathgates, or his creative use of Adhesion in pursuit of that information? Or could she be a subtle hint that eventually Dabbid will join the Truthwatchers? (If so, Im betting hell be like Renarin and Rlain in bonding one of Sja-anats children.)

Icon: Banner and Spears for a Kaladin POV.

Epigraph: From Rhythm of War, page 6 undertext:

We must not let our desires for a specific result cloud our perceptions.

P: This sounds like Raboniel, since I dont feel that Navani has any expectations.

A: I agree. Its all so new for Navani; shes never had this much freedom to explore possibilities before. Raboniel, on the other hand, is looking for something very particular; shes the one who needs to be careful not to bias her interpretation of data based on what she hopes to find.

WHO: KaladinWHEN: 1175.4.6.5 (within an hour or so after Chapter 49)WHERE: Urithiru

(Note: For the when notations, we are using this wonderful timeline provided by the folks at The 17th Shard.)

RECAP: With Stormlight to see by, Kaladin arranges Teft suitably for hospital care, giving him water which he takes eagerly. As he works, Syl asks some reflective questions, and reveals her grief over the loss of her first Radiant, whom she now remembers. Kaladin helps her understand herself in human terms, and then they hear noises at the door. Dabbid is outside with broth, sent by the Sibling. Kaladin leaves him feeding Teft and begins his search for information about how the Fused are working the Oathgates. Using Adhesion to attach handles and his boot toes to the outside of the tower, he descends some nine levels before he sees the Oathgate flash with a dark light. A group of singer scouts (which hed had to avoid once already) begin packing up their spyglasses, and he realizes that hes not going to get a chance at the Oathgates this night. Then he realizes that, since they appeared to have been watching for Windrunner scouts to make sure no one saw them using Voidlight to activate the Oathgate, they must be using spanreeds, which means they have Voidlight fabrials, which is really what Navani needs, which means he needs to steal it

With Stormlight, Kaladin had been able to investigate his little hideout, finding it slightly larger than hed pictured.

P: I was so relieved at this point that Kaladin had Stormlight. Hugely relieved. Not that Kaladin without Stormlight is entirely helpless, but when youre up against creatures like the Pursuer and an occupying army, Stormlight is a handy thing to have, even for one whose powers are limited.

A: Its also nice to see him with a little light. It may not be the daylight and open skies he craves, but its much better for him than being in the dark. (Also intensely practical, for things like putting Teft in a position and clothing that makes it easier to care for him, and for getting that water syringe actually in his mouth

Teft lapped up the contents eagerly. He seemed so close to coming awake, Kaladin expected him to start cursing at any moment, demanding to know where his uniform had gone.

Syl watched, uncharacteristically solemn. What will we do if he dies? she asked softly.

Dont think about that, Kaladin said.

What if I cant help thinking about it?

Find something to distract you.

A: What a contrast between Teft and Syl here! Teft, normally the grumpy one, is so hopeful, looking like he might wake upand wouldnt that be fantastic? And then Syl, the always-perky-and-cheerful one, is fearful, worrying that Teft might die.

P: This is so heart wrenching, to have Syl thinking this kind of thing. While I know the situation in the tower is likely weighing heavily on her, shes also showing more human behavior.

A: We saw just a hint of this in her Interlude, and now its really expanding. While its wonderful character development, its also rather painful to watch her learning to deal with grief.

Ive been remembering what it was like when Relador, my old knight, died. How it made me sleep for so many years, straight through the Recreance. I keep wondering, will that happen to me again?

P: Nobody likes to think of Kaladins possible death, least of all, me but its obviously something that weighs heavily on Syls mind. I cant imagine what it would do to her to lose another knight.

A: This really brings it home: She has no other spren to turn to for help (at this point). Shes the only previously-bonded honorspren to survive the Recreance, and there arent many from other spren families either. If the highspren were more communicative, they could (perhaps) share some insight into the process of dealing with repeatedly losing their human partners, but perhaps not. They dont seem to have the same kind of relationship with their humans as the honorspren do.

She cut off as a faint scraping sounded outside, from near the doorway. Immediately Kaladin reached for his scalpel. Syl came alert, zipping up into the air around him as a ribbon of light. Kaladin crept toward the door. Hed covered up the gemstone in the wall on this side with a piece of cloth. He didnt know if his light would shine out or not, but wasnt taking any chances.

But he could hear. Someone was out there, their boots scraping stone. Were they inspecting the door?

P: You want to talk about gut-wrenching fear this terrified me during the beta, thinking that the Pursuer might have found Kaladin.

A: Kaladin too, apparently. But yeah, the idea that his lovely little hideout might be compromised already was terrifying.

He made a snap decision, slipping his hand under the cloth and pressing it against the stone, commanding it to open. The rocks began to split. Kaladin prepared to leap out and attack the singer on the other side.

But it wasnt a singer.

It was Dabbid.

P: And then the moment of exultation not an enemy at the door, but a friend. What a huge relief!

A: Intense! I cant remember: Does Kaladin know at this point that Dabbid has been working for the Sibling? In any case, its a delight to start seeing the pieces coming together, as the Sibling is creating links between these three humans and their arcs are aligning.

Regardless, he was a wonderful sight. Kaladin had been worrying about leaving Teft. If Kaladin died on a mission, that would be a death sentence for Teft, too. Unless someone else knew about him.

He got Dabbid situated, then showed him the use of the syringe and had him start feeding Teft.

P: As confident as we are that Kaladin will survive, this is still reassuring. Leaving Teft alone in the dark made me squicky.

A: Alone and unconscious in a locked dark room ::shudders::

Tower spren? he asked.

Yes.

Is there a way I can lock these doors, so they cant be opened by just anyone?

It was once possible to attune them to individuals. These days, I must simply leave a given door so it can be opened by anyone, or lock it so none can open it.

Well, it was good to know thatin a pinchhe should be able to ask the Sibling to lock the door. For now, it was enough that Dabbid could get in and out.

P: Its somewhat worrisome that its all or nothing, really. But I guess that you take what you can get with a broken tower and an enemy occupation.

A: Yeah, its a bit much to ask that things would work in all the most helpful ways immediately But its nice to hope that over time, this also will change.

Navani had asked Kaladin to observe the Oathgates up close as they were activated. To see if he could figure out why they functioned when other fabrials did not.

Instead, he wanted to try climbing along the outside of the tower. Before hed learned to fly, hed stuck rocks to the chasm wall and climbed them. He figured he could do something similar now.

P: I know that hes got Stormlight to heal, but theres no telling if it would heal him if he fell. The thought of Kaladin clinging precariously to the side of the tower gives me vertigo and makes my stomach clench.

A: For sure. He may be on the side of the tower where there would be fields on the first level, but falling eleven stories would not be good for his health. I seem to recall getting awfully tensed up reading this, as if I could help him hold on!

Standing here, part of him wanted to jump, to feel the rushing wind. It wasnt some suicidal tendency, not this time. It was the call of something beautiful.

P: Super glad that he can think this without it being a suicidal thought.

A: Its so hard to see him restricted like thiscrawling on the wall instead of soaring through the air like he should be. I wonder if Brandon put this in specifically to foreshadow the time when he would dive off the top of the tower in a hopeless, desperate attempt to save his father. Its good, though, that he isnt suicidal here; hes just totally focused on the task at hand and finding a way to accomplish it.

He found footholds on the stone, but they were slippery. Once, there had been a great deal of ornamentation on the rock out herebut years of highstorms had smoothed some of that out. Perhaps Lift could have climbed it without help, but Kaladin was glad he had Stormlight.

P: Maybe hes only commenting on how lithe and light on her feet Lift is, but I found this an interesting thought considering how Lift can use Wyndle to do this very thing!

A: Im assuming hes seen her climb sometime? (I suppose I could go search) But whether he knows how she does it is another question. Interesting thought.

Hed release one brush from the wall, then slide it into place while holding on with only one hand, then move his feet before moving the other.

P: This sounds excruciatingly slow and difficult.

A: Doesnt it, though? Exhausting!

He felt her concern through the bond; when Syl was a Blade, they had a direct mental connectionbut when she was not in that shape, the connection was softer. Theyd been practicing on sending words to one another, but they tended to be vague impressions.

This time, he got a sense of some distinct words singers with spyglasses third-floor balcony looking up

P: Its really nifty how theyve learned to communicate like this. Or perhaps its just the bond growing stronger.

A: It makes me wonder. Is this an artifact of her becoming more human? Or an aspect of getting closer to the next Ideal? (Maybe at the 4th or 5th Ideal, the human and the spren gain a clearer mental connection?) Or is it, among Windrunners, something more unique to Kaladin and Syl?

Unfortunately, soon after hed passed the third floor, a dark light flashed from the Oathgates. It was tinged violet like Voidlight, but was brighter than a Voidlight sphere.

Kaladin took a moment to rest, hanging on but not moving.

P: I dont know what more Kaladin could glean from getting closer to the Oathgates. Sure, theyre using Voidlight but its not like he would be able to tell how theyre doing it.

A: True. At this point, hes not knowledgeable enough to report more than Theyre using Voidlight anyway. He could have observed that from a balcony on the 11th floor without all this climbing but at the same time, I can see Kaladin not really thinking about that aspect. Besides, this way theres a more useful option available! And fortunately, Kaladin sees it eventually.

Navani was trying to figure out how the enemy was operating fabrials. What if he could hand her one? Surely that would lead to more valuable information than he would get by observing the Oathgates.

Syl zipped over to the balcony the scouts had been using. I can see them! she said. Theyve packed up, and theyre leaving, but theyre just ahead.

Follow, Kaladin sent her mentally, then moved as quickly as he could in that direction. He might have missed the nights transfer, but there was still a way he could help.

And it involved stealing that spanreed.

P: *Mission: Impossible music*

But the gate had flashed with Voidlight. So he knew theyd done something to the fabrial. Hed have to try again tomorrow

But would getting close to the Oathgates tell him anything about what had been done to them? He didnt feel he knew enough about fabrials.

P: This was my thought. They know that the Fused and singers are using the Oathgates, and now its obvious that theyre using Voidlight, but what hope would Kaladin have of gaining any knowledge of how theyre doing what theyre doing?

A: Its true. It would have been interesting for the reader to know what they did to transition Oathgate usage from Moash and the Honorblade, to Voidlight and what? What kind of key are they using? Are there Voidspren who can take on forms like the Radiant spren to operate the gates? But theres certainly no narrative need for Kaladin to try to spy that out.

Kaladin paused, hanging from his handholds, as something struck him. Something that he felt profoundly stupid for having not seen immediately.

The scouts on the balcony, he whispered to Syl as she darted in to see why hed stopped. What would they have done if theyd spotted Windrunners in the sky?

Theyd have told the others to stop the transfer, Syl said, so the fact that the Oathgate glowed the wrong color wouldnt give away the truth.

How? Kaladin asked. How did they contact the Oathgate operators? Did you see flags or anything?

No, Syl said. They were just sitting there writing in the dark. They must have been using a spanreed.

P: Again, yes, we know theyre using Voidlight to power some fabrials, but what good will that do, really? Navani wouldnt be able to communicate with Dalinar using the Voidlight spanreeds.

A: But this is Navani were talking about. Im assuming shes thinking about the possibility of putting Voidlight into one of her already-paired spanreeds, if she can figure out how to make it work with the split spren. (Which is an interesting question could one of these split spren operate with one half using Stormlight and the other using Voidlight? Or would that just destroy the spren altogether?) If nothing else, she wants more information to work with.

Humans thinking about the wind, and honor, might have given you shape from formless powerbut youre your own person now. As Im my own person, though my parents gave me shape.

She smiled at that, and walked across the shelf wearing the form of a woman in a havah. A person, she said. I like thinking like that. Being like that. A lot of the other honorspren, they talk about what we were made to be, what we must do. I talked like that once. I was wrong.

P: I wonder what the other honorspren thought they were made to be and what they must do. I wish Syl would elaborate a bit here.

A: I dont remember off the top of my head whether we learn any more about this when we get back to Lasting Integrity; well have to try and remember to watch for it.

She sat on the stone shelf, hands in her lap. Is that how you stand it? Knowing everyone is going to die? You just dont think about it?

Basically, Kaladin said,

P: Yes, distracting oneself can be handy when dealing with depression. Though its not always effective. I do wish Kaladin had been able to offer Syl more sound advice.

A: As well see, this is less about depression and more about grieving. Even so, distraction is only a tool, and not a solution.

Everyone dies eventually.

I wont, she said. Spren are immortal, even if you kill them. Someday Ill have to watch you die.

What brought this on? Kaladin asked. This isnt like you.

Yup. Right. Of course. Not like me. She plastered a smile on her face. Sorry.

I didnt mean it that way, Syl, Kaladin said. You dont have to pretend.

Original post:
Rhythm of War Reread: Chapter Fifty-Five - tor.com

Human Behavior

Comparative analysis of "Data Security Law", "Network Security Law" and "Personal Information Protection Law" – Lexology

October 22, 2021 medical

With5G, blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence,and otherinformation and communication technologyrapid development, our lives have been gradually networked and digitized, if you recall your own day, you will find that most of the basic necessities of life seem to have started its digitalization.Not long ago, the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress just passed a blockbuster law, the "Data Security Law". I also did some learning. In addition to this law, there was also a "Cyber Security Law" before. The current "Personal Information Protection Law" is also rushing on the road to legislation.What kind of relationship are these three laws? Its a bit unclear, so today we will focus on studying these three laws in a comparative way(reminder, the "Personal Information Protection Law" has not yet been issued, I will not prompt it in the rest of this article for convenience).

What the three have in common

1. The background of legislation is basically the same

The three laws are all born from thebackground of the rapid development ofinformation and communication technologiessuch as5G, blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence.Legislating these emerging technologies is in response to the needs of the development of the times.

2. The value orientation of legislation is basically the same

It seems that we need "security" more than ever. Now when we talk about "security", werefermoreto non-traditional security. This is also the overall national security concept mentioned in the National Security Law.Although from a development perspective, we still give priority to "efficiency", "efficiency" cannot be "streaking" like a runaway horse.Because the "efficiency" gained at the cost of"safety"is not worth the gain.

3. The core of the object in legal relations is basically the same

These three laws can be the "troika" in the field of the digital economy. Although the objects to be regulated are different, they generally revolve around the production and operation of data and information. The internet is the basis for carrying information.Interaction andtransmission are the purposes of the internet, and the intangibility and spillage of information need to be controlled. The core of controlling is around governmentand personal information.

Traditionally, one of the objects of legal relations is human behavior. In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, human behavior is no longer limited to physical behavior. Human behavior has been transformed into various information and data.Dont you see? Buying and selling, using, thoughts expression are all done through clicking and manipulating smart phones and computers.

4. The legislative influence is basically the same

Based on the above, these three laws will affect all aspects of the country, society, government, and individuals, because informatization and digitization have been integrated into all aspects of personal social life, government behavior, and state behavior.

The main difference between the three laws

1. The legislative purposes of the three are different

The "Cyber Security Law"emphasizes the national sovereignty of cyberspace. The"Data Security Law"focuses more on data security and national security based on data security, and the "Personal Information Protection Law" focuses on the protection of personal information.

2. The objects adjusted by the two and three are different

From the perspective of the adjustment object, the three laws are overlaped.Article 76 of the "Cyber Security Law" defines cybersecurity as means taking necessary measures to prevent attacks, intrusions, interference, and Sabotage, illegal use and accidents, keep the network in a stable and reliable operation state, as well as the ability to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of network data."The last sentence here actually refers to data security but in a subordinate position.Article 3 of the "Data Security Law" stipulates that "data security refers to the adoption of necessary measures to ensure that data is in a state of effective protection and legal use, as well as the ability to ensure a continuous state of security."It can be seen here that, in fact, network security includes data security, but it is more focused on achieving legislative purposes by regulating the construction, operation, maintenance and use of networks within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, while the Data Security Law focuses on regulating "data processing activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China" to achieve legislative purposes.Data processing refers to "data collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, etc.", Some of these data processing activities are based on the internet, and others arenot based on the internet.To give an inappropriate example, it is like a house. The "Cyber Security Law" focuses more on the security of the door of the room and each door, while the "Data Security Law" refers to the safety of the things in the house.What about "Personal Information Protection"?Privacy probablythe equivalent of the safe of the most valuable things inside a house, where your ID card, bank card, residence booklet and some important privacy files are stored.The "Personal Information Protection" involves both the cybersecurity and the data protection.The "Data Security Law" contains not only personal information but also government information, as well as information on other industries. Therefore, the "Data Security Law" adopts a "graded and classified protection system."In summary, the three laws are independent of each other and have their own emphasis, but there are also overlaped each other.

3. The adjustment modes of the three laws are different

The adjustment mode of the "Cyber Security Law" focuses more on the regulation and adjustment according to the links involved in network operation, and it mainly divided into two parts: "network operation security" and "network information security". The regulative objects are mainly three types of entities, network operators, network products and service providers, and key information infrastructure operators.The "Data Security Law" does not regulate according to flow of "production, processing, circulation, and use of data", but divides it into a "data security system" and "data security protection obligations" for regulation and adjustment, and the objects of adjustment is more extensive, that is, all subjects engaged in data processing activities must be regulated and restricted by this law.The "Personal Information Protection Law" is more special. It is more about adjusting and protecting a de facto private law act (simply speaking, providing personal information and obtaining various services) in public law. Many articles in this law is about empowerment. TheChapter 4is "Individual's Rights in Personal Information Processing Activities", and the Chapter 5is "Obligations of Personal Information Processors". Yet, the "Cyber Security Law" and "Data Security Law" are basically obligatory provisions. Especially the "Data Security Protection Obligation" is its own chapater in the "Data Security Law".

In summary, we have carried out some superficial comparative analyses of these three laws in the hope that we can have a clearer understanding of the positioning of the three laws.

The rest is here:
Comparative analysis of "Data Security Law", "Network Security Law" and "Personal Information Protection Law" - Lexology

Human Behavior

Carl Jung on Psychosis and Schizophrenia – PsychCentral.com

October 5, 2021 medical

Carl Jung made many contributions to the field of psychology but many dont realize that his thoughts on psychosis came from his own experiences.

Pioneering psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung and founder of analytical psychology is well-known for his insights on human behavior, personality, and unconscious thought.

Jungs own symptoms of psychosis inspired him to delve deeper into the unconscious mind, though his experience was not schizophrenia as we know it today.

Carl Jungs impact on the field of psychology isnt fully defined but its certainly far reaching.

This Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist lived from 1875 to 1961. His legacy involves the interplay of spirituality with the human psyche.

He founded analytical psychology also known as Jungian psychology which focuses on symbolism in the human experience. His theories rest on the concepts of archetypes, the collective unconscious, and extraverted and introverted personalities.

Jung viewed consciousness as intertwined among all of humanity in a collective sense. He defined archetypes as shared patterns and themes that are central to the context of the human experience, like universal narratives, myths, and religious phenomena.

According to the International Association for Analytical Psychology, the four major archetypes, known as Jungian archetypes, are:

Jung used the terms psychosis and schizophrenia to describe some of his own experiences. However, he would not fit the criteria for a diagnosis today.

At 38 years old, Jung began hearing voices and having visions. He saw this as a gateway to the unconscious mind, so he actively pursued these visions and hallucinations to explore them further.

One important criterion for a modern diagnosis of schizophrenia is that it interrupts your daily life. However, Jung reported the ability to enter this state of mind as he pleased. That makes his experience of psychosis unlike that of people who receive a schizophrenia diagnosis today.

In his book, Memories, Dreams, and Reflections, Jung explains that he used active imagination to induce his hallucinations at will. According to Jung, in active imagination you latch onto a dream or fantasy image in your mind, which eventually leads to psychic processes taking over to animate it.

Between appointments, he would enter this state to better understand the unconscious mind. He explains, In order to grasp the fantasies in me underground, I knew that I had to let myself plummet down into them.

Jung believed he had to gain power over his hallucinations so he could better understand his patients.

The diagnostic process for schizophrenia today is different from what Jung thought in his day.

There are several causes for schizophrenia, including:

If you have schizophrenia, you may find it difficult to think clearly, regulate your emotions, and relate to others. The best way to receive a diagnosis for any condition is for a mental health professional to evaluate you.

To receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, you must have had some of these symptoms affect your functioning for at least 6 months:

Jung saw schizophrenia as an abaissement du niveau mental a relaxed state of mind where the contents of your subconscious are more likely to rise to the surface. From the French, the term translates to lowering of the mental level, but some describe it as lowering of the level of consciousness.

He compared it to the experience that occurs in dreams. He used a word association test to dig deeper into the psyche of his patients because he believed every association belongs to some complex.

Mental health experts of that time referred to schizophrenia by the term dementia praecox. Jungs work focused on the similarities between dementia praecox, dreams, and the now outdated concept of hysteria.

Although Sigmund Freud and Jung worked together, their theories of the unconscious differ. Freud thought the origin of schizophrenia was a psychosexual disturbance, a phenomenon he outlined in his libido theory.

Meanwhile, Jung focused on what meaning could be derived from the symptoms his patients experienced.

Jung had theories about schizophrenia that were partly based on his own experiences he claimed he had learned to induce hallucinations at will.

However, the current definition, diagnosis, and treatments for schizophrenia have changed since then and do not match this experience or Jungs theories.

What set Jung apart from other psychiatrists is how he centered his work on schizophrenia around discovering the meanings behind the hallucinations that he and his patients experienced.

Jung brought an analytic approach to the hallucinations and delusions of his patients and sought to demonstrate that what they experienced was rich with meaning rooted in shared human experiences.

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Carl Jung on Psychosis and Schizophrenia - PsychCentral.com

Human Behavior

Are humans obsessed with status? Will Storrs The Status Game makes the case. – Vox.com

October 5, 2021 medical

Are you obsessed with status?

Id love to tell you that I dont care about status, but thats a lie. I do care about it, even though I know I shouldnt. When I publish an article or a podcast or when I drop a half-clever tweet, I still find myself waiting for the little ping on my phone. I still get disappointed when something doesnt land the way I hoped. And its ridiculous. None of it matters.

I just read a book about all this, and I cant stop thinking about it. Its called The Status Game, and the author is Will Storr, a journalist and writer from the UK. His thesis is that everyones playing a status game, sometimes multiple status games, and if youre not aware of that, you may not understand why you do what you do or why you dont do what you wish you would.

I reached out to him for this weeks episode of Vox Conversations to talk about the evolution of status in human life and all the ways it distorts and defines our behavior, as individuals and societies. It challenged the way I think about the role of status in my own life and in some ways it made me feel less terrible about some of my unhealthy fixations. If you find yourself needlessly worried about status, it might do the same for you.

Below is an edited excerpt from our conversation. As always, theres much more in the full podcast, so subscribe to Vox Conversations on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

You have a pretty provocative claim in the book. You offer a definition of tyranny as something that happens when status games go bad or wrong. You write that, We must accept that tyranny isnt a left thing or a right thing. Its a human thing. It doesnt arrive goose-stepping down the streets. It seduces us with stories.

I used to study ideologies and how they transformed into political religions. The question that always vexed me, particularly about a case like Nazi Germany, is how does one of the most sophisticated, developed, and well-educated societies on the planet become so deranged?

Your answer seems to be that they were playing a status game that went disastrously wrong. Thats not to obviate or diminish the role of ideology or racism or whatever. Those are all real, and they matter. But its also true that our beliefs are often props for much deeper psychological drives. However insane Nazi Germany appeared from the outside, and it was indeed insane, for lots of people inside, they were just jockeying for position within a social hierarchy. That has a way of blinding our moral intuitions in really disturbing ways.

So this was one of the big revelations for me, really. Being brought up in the UK, we were obsessively taught about the Nazis and the Second World War. Its very recent in our shared history. But the question, exactly as you put it, is how can this incredibly sophisticated nation fall so hard and so badly? The answer that I came to in The Status Game was that actually, the sophistication of that nation is part of the reason why it fell so badly.

Earlier in the book, I talk about individual killers, whether its terrorists or incel spree killers or serial killers like Ed Kemper. Men are much more likely for evolutionary reasons to restore what they perceive as their lost status with violence. They were all humiliated. All of those men were serially humiliated throughout their childhoods, and suffered from the perception that they were extremely low-status. It wasnt just one event. They were dragged through it in quite barbaric ways.

But also, and I think essentially, they all started off very high. All of those people were narcissistic. I cant say that they were narcissists in the clinical sense, because Im not qualified to say that. In the book, I use the word grandiose. I argue that this is a really deadly combination. If you take a narcissistic man and chronically humiliate them, theres a likelihood that theyre going to become violent.

I talk in detail about this guy, Elliot Rodger, the incel guy. [He was] completely grandiose and entitled and unpleasant in his worldview, found it impossible to make friends and girlfriends as he became an adolescent, and became obsessed with the fact that girls didnt like him and with all the misogyny that that suggests. He ends up, at the age of 17, having this kind of crazy ideology which basically said that sex should be abolished, because he said the reason the world is terrible, its all the fault of women. Because women always choose the jocks, the violent, aggressive jocks to procreate with, so they have all these jock, violent babies.

So its all the fault of women. So what we need to do is exterminate the women, apart from a few which will be artificially inseminated in laboratories, to keep the human race going. Then that will be a kind of utopia. You read that, and you just think, My god, this guy is sick. That is a sick ideology. Surely, this guy is mad. Hes crazy. Certainly, his actions he did a spree killing in Santa Barbara [County] would suggest that that would be true.

But then you look at what happened in Germany in the 1930s, and you see almost exactly that happening, but on the level of the nation. Germany pre-World War I was a pretty grandiose nation, and for lots of good reasons. They were the most successful nation in Continental Europe, probably all of Europe, including the UK at that point. Then, famously after the First World War, they felt completely humiliated. Not only were they taken out of the war when they felt that they were going to win, the Treaty of Versailles was designed to humiliate them, and they were dragged down into a state of absolute national distress and humiliation.

Mainstream historians agree that the main thing the Germans wanted was the restoration of what they saw as Germanys rightful place at the top. Anti-Semitism was widespread in Europe. It was a major issue, but the main thing they were focused on was the restoration of what they saw as Germanys place at the top of the status game.

What Hitler did, and what all the anti-Semites did, was do exactly what Elliot Rodger did. They weaved this terrible story, which in its outlines is no different to the story that Elliot Rodger told about women. Its just that they were about the Jewish people, with the result being the Holocaust. Suddenly, when you look at what happened through the lens of status, it suddenly becomes explicable. You see these patterns of behavior in individuals. You also see them in nations.

You have a chapter in the book where you call the humiliated male the games most lethal player. You quote a proverb that I had never encountered before that goes, The child who is not embraced by the village will burn it down to feel its warmth.

I swear, man, that quote is still kind of washing over me.

Its incredible, isnt it?

It really is, and it just kind of distills all of this.

Men are really violent compared to women, and there are of course differences. On the killing, its very much tied to humiliation, the humiliation of the family. In some cultures, women are very implicated in honor killings. So, Im not weaving my own simplistic story of men bad, women good. Thats not true at all. Women have got their dominance techniques ostracization, bullying, group attacks on other people the kind we see on social media, for example. Its not accurate to say thats toxic femininity or anything like that. Men and women do that, but theres no shortage of women using that form of aggression, that kind of way of achieving status through dominance.

You say that the experience of humiliation is essentially the annihilation of the self. And you can look at extreme, disgusting cases like Rodger, and be tempted into thinking that the rest of us are exempt from that, but that is a kind of self-deception. These impulses live in all of us, and to forget that is to be vulnerable to the worst manifestations of it.

I forget the precise numbers, but in that chapter, I talk about a major study that talked about men and women, about the last time they fantasized about killing somebody. For both genders, a large chunk of that was about status. It was about being humiliated. It triggers these homicidal fantasies in a large number of people, across the genders.

So, yeah, Im sure we can all admit in ourselves that some of the times weve behaved, weve been at our worst, not only the most in pain, because humiliation is acutely painful. Because status is so important to us, when its removed from us in such a complete way, its extremely painful.

But then some of the times when weve acted out, and weve been at our worst, are the times when we have felt humiliated. For me personally, I know that when I become most irrational in my head is when Im dividing the world into heroes and villains, and telling this nasty moral story about goodies and baddies. It tends to be when Im feeling my status is under threat by people or groups.

I want to go back to something you said earlier about social media. Is the internet and social media the greatest or the most powerful status-generating machine in all of human history?

Religion is a status-generating machine. The nation is a status-generating machine. So its quite difficult to judge them in that sense, but certainly thats what social media is. In the book, I talk about the first social media site as we know it, which was called The Well. It was back in the mid-80s, back in the time when we were still putting our phones on modems and dialing in and all that stuff. Even then, it was extraordinary to look at the history The Well.

It was a bit like Reddit. It was just people, most of them on the West Coast of the US with things in common, who would gather in groups and discuss them. If you were into wine, youd talk about wine. Im sure there was lots of showing off and stuff about what you knew about wine.

Then, when it got to about 500, this person arrived who I describe as the worlds first internet troll, and he basically just started attacking everyone. He really hated men, and he let them know it, and he called them all racists and perverts and destroyers. He completely maddened them. They just canceled this person. They mobbed up against him, kicked him out, deleted lots of his entries. ... He was somebody that was sort of non-gendered but [used] male pronouns.

They were having all these arguments about pronouns that were still having today. They were making those stupid jokes about If you identify as you want, then I want to identify as the King Poobah. Its everything that happens on social media today, and it was happening on the first website back in the 80s, where the population was around 500.

So Facebook and Twitter havent helped, but theyre not responsible for all this. They havent invented from the ground up what happens on social media. In my last book, Selfie, I write about the selfie camera. Its exactly the same story. At the time, people were saying, Oh, the selfie camera has made us all narcissists, but the selfie camera was not dreamt of by Silicon Valley as a selfie camera. It was supposed to be a business meeting thing, like Zoom.

They thought thats what youre going to be doing. They didnt think we were going to be taking pictures of ourselves and uploading billions of them a day. Its the same with social media. Social media has by instinct worked out how we play status games, and kind of wrapped itself around status games and encouraged them with the follow accounts and blue badges and all that stuff. So yeah, like capitalism, it encourages it, it worsens it, but it didnt create it.

To hear the rest of the conversation click here, and be sure to subscribe to Vox Conversations on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

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Are humans obsessed with status? Will Storrs The Status Game makes the case. - Vox.com

Human Behavior

Environment and Human Behavior | Applied Social Psychology …

October 5, 2021 medical

What is the relationship between the environment and human behavior? Environmental psychologists study this question in particular, by seeking to understand how the physical environment affects our behavior and well-being, and how our behavior affects the environment (Schneider, Gruman, and Coutts, 2012).For example, pollution, a component of the physical environment, absolutely can affect our well-being and health. Ozone pollution can have unfavorableeffects on humans including shortness of breath, coughing, damage to the airways, damaging the lungs, and making lungs more susceptible to infection (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2016). Meanwhile, us taking the action to recycle affects the quality of our environment. Recycling and using recycled products saves a substantial amount of energy considering it takes less energy to recycle products, than it would to create new materials entirely. In turn, the action of recycling helps battle climate change, one of the biggest threats our planet faces.

If humans can have direct effects on the environment, are we responsible for climate change? A lot of hard evidence suggests, yes. Every once in awhile, our planet warms from natural causes. This can occur from events like volcanic activity, or a change in solar output. However, recent evidence shows climate change is occurring too drastically to be solely explained through natural means. Humans have made remarkable advancements in technology by creating more automobiles, machines, factories, etc. But this revolution is not all positive. We have seen a rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions over the last century. Sources of greenhouse gasses include automobiles, planes, factory farming and agriculture, electricity, and industrial production. The issue with greenhouse gasses is that they absorb and emit heat. Abundant greenhouse gases in our atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases (EPA, 2017). When thereare large quantities of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the planet is going to get gradually warmer.

What happens as a result of climate change? Believe it or not, we are already experiencing some very damaging effects of climate change. Heat waves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and loss of sea ice just to name a few (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA], 2017). Scientists predict we will begin to experience even more harmful effects of climate change in the future. At the current rate we are going, the Arctic sea ice is expected to disappear entirely by the end of the century. The current effects we are seeing are also expected to intensify. An even greater problem is the fact that plants and animals are unable to adapt to the quickly changing environment, and are dying off. As a result of climate change, animals habitats are becoming completely inhabitable. We are seeing a rapid loss of species which will inevitably effect the natural flow of the biosphere and the individual ecosystems it is composed of.

What can we do to slow down the effects of climate change? The first, and most simple response is we need to recognize climate change is a real threat to our planet, and even our existence. Given the recent political shift that has occurred in the United States, climate change and environmental issues do not appear to be a prime concern to some individuals. The blunt truth is we do not have time to wait. Climate change has already startedto take its toll on the planet, and ignoring it is no help to anyone. As I stated above, human behavior has the potential to make dramatic changes to the environment. Practicing beneficial behaviors such as engaging in environmental activism, recycling, conserving energy, decreasing water use, and decreasing the frequency of automobile use,are all useful measures to take regarding this issue. You can also research ways to reduce your carbon footprint. As a vegan, I always advise people to cut down on meat, dairy, and egg consumption given the large toll agriculture takes on water loss and the environment in general.If we collectively work to battle this giant threat to our environment, we may be able to slow, and even reverse the effects of climate change.

References

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)., (2017, January 31). Consequences of Climate Change. Retrieved February 2, 2017, from http://www.nasa.gov

Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., & Coutts, L. M. (2012). Applied social psychology: understanding and addressing social and practical problems. Los Angeles: Sage.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)., (2016, March 4).Health Effects of Ozone Pollution. Retrieved February 2, 2017, from http://www.epa.gov

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)., (2017, January 20). Overview of Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved February 2, 2017, from http://www.epa.gov

This entry was posted on Friday, February 3rd, 2017 at 1:16 amand is filed under Uncategorized.You can follow any comments to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.You can leave a comment, or trackback from your own site.

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Environment and Human Behavior | Applied Social Psychology ...

Human Behavior

First News Extra: Restaurant coming to downtown in the old White Banner Uniform Shop building – Grand Forks Herald

October 5, 2021 medical

The InForum Minute Podcast is brought to you by Steffes Group, Inc.

Boss Pizza & Chicken is planning to open in the old White Banner Uniform Shop building location at 228 Broadway N. in downtown Fargo. David Samson / The Forum

Headline story: FARGO - Another restaurant has plans for snaring a slice of downtown Fargos business.

Boss Pizza & Chicken is planning to open by the New Year or not long after, majority owner Jeremy Seefeldt said Friday, Oct. 1.

The eatery will be in the old White Banner Uniform Shop building at 228 Broadway.

"We had a lot of success in Grand Forks. Fargo, obviously, has a lot of the same type of people and same type of stuff going on, except kind of supersized," Seefeldt said.

"We've been in business for 17 years ... and (have restaurants in) 11 or 12 different places and it's kind of interesting that's it's taken us so long to get to Fargo. We're there and we're super excited about it. I honestly think it's going to be one of our best stores and potentially the best store that we have because of the location," said Seefeldt, who founded the regional chain. Click here to read more.

Gallaher Edge Executive Team Releases New Book, The Missing Links: Launching a High Performing Company Culture – WFLA

October 5, 2021 medical

Dr. Laura Gallaher, and Dr. Phillip Meade the co-owners of Gallaher Edge, a management consulting firm that applies the science of human behavior to create transformational change in businesses and the co-authors of the newly released book The Missing Links: Launching a High Performing Company Culture join Gayle Guyardo the host of the nationally syndicated health and wellness show Bloom to share more about their new book designed to create a better work environment.

Bloom airs in 40 more markets across the country, with a reach of approximately 36 million households, and in Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Madison, WI.

You can watch Bloom in the Tampa Bay Market weekdays at Noon on WTTA: Spectrum 1006; Frontier 514; DirecTV 38; Dish 38; Comcast 43, and look for Bloom early mornings on WFLA News Channel 8.

Human Behavior

Dr. Jeff Kane: ‘Gullible’ has been removed from the dictionary – The Union of Grass Valley

October 5, 2021 medical

Have you heard? Last week a whistleblower revealed that the new president of Ireland cant speak a word of English.

If you believe that, friends might consider you either crazy, ridiculously ignorant, or, depending on how they think, in possession of a scandalous truth.

Every month I meet on Zoom with four psychiatrists. Its not that Im a high-maintenance patient; these are medical school classmates in regular reunion. I recently asked them this question:

What do you call it when someone insists on believing what plainly isnt so, or is less likely than a trout singing opera? What do you say to someone who insists that cannibals lurk in the library or that Italian satellites are tweaking our thyroids? Do you call that psychosis? Delusion? Lucid dreaming? Fear porn?

Of the variety of answers these shrinks offered me, one made especially compelling sense. Crazy as it seems, my classmate said, thats normal human behavior. So-called Homo sapiens has always been that way. When times are confusing, we need a frame, a map, some way to organize apparent chaos. So when were desperate we reach for the simplest answer, whether it makes rational sense or not. Weve always done that, and probably always will.

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Given, then, that such porous credulity is all too human, never mind trying to convince your cousin that corndogs wont cure psoriasis, or that theres actually no North Korean colony on the dark side of the moon. No one can change a made-up mind.

We inevitably direct our lives according to our beliefs, such as they are. My psychiatrist friend has convinced me, once and for all, that we believe whatever we jolly well want, independent of facts. Often our beliefs serve us nicely, bringing contentment, but sometimes they deliver unpleasant consequences.

Genuine truth, like cream, will eventually rise to the individual and popular surface. When that happensand provided were mentally healthy we reconsider our less fruitful beliefs, and so change our course. In fact, such flexibility is a hallmark of mental health.

Jeff Kane is a physician and writer in Nevada City

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Dr. Jeff Kane: 'Gullible' has been removed from the dictionary - The Union of Grass Valley

Human Behavior

Bald eagles and other birds’ behavior may have changed due to COVID lockdowns, study finds – KTVQ Billings News

October 5, 2021 medical

Decreased human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected North American birds' activity, according to a new study. Two research teams from the University of Manitoba and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology examined records of around 4.3 million birds between the months of March and May in the years 2017 through 2020.

The results were overwhelming. During the pandemic, 80% of the 82 species studied were found in significantly greater numbers closer to human-inhabited areas, including within 62 miles of cities, major highways and airports, as compared to pre-pandemic levels.

"A lot of species we really care about became more abundant in human landscapes during the pandemic," Nicola Koper of the University of Manitoba said. "I was blown away by how many species were affected by decreased traffic and activity during lockdowns."

Bald eagle sightings increased in cities with the strongest lockdowns, and red-throated hummingbirds were three times as likely to be within two-thirds of a mile of an airport.

The researchers noted that since their data relied on volunteer sightings, it was possible that the increase in numbers could be because there were simply more people birdwatching during the pandemic.

"Were species being reported in higher numbers because people could finally hear the birds without all the traffic noise, or was there a real ecological change in the numbers of birds present?" co-author Alison Johnston from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology asked.

However, if that were the case, the scientists said they'd expect more sightings of bigger birds which are easier for amateur birdwatchers to spot and fewer sightings of smaller birds like hummingbirds and swallows. But that wasn't the case. The effects of lockdowns were noted across 66 of the 82 species, and species were 14 times more likely to be seen during the pandemic.

Interestingly, sightings of some species decreased due to the lack of human movement, according to the study. Red-tailed hawks, among others, were seen much less than in previous years. Researchers believe this may be because traffic declined during the pandemic, and as a result there was less roadkill.

The authors noted that the long-term effects of the behavioral changes remained unclear, and they encouraged future studies to look at birds' life span, nest success and population sizes post-pandemic.

"The widespread increases in counts of birds in response to reduced human activity during the pandemic suggest that a sustained reduction of vehicular traffic and human activity might have lasting benefits to birds," the study concluded.

The researchers applauded volunteers who helped them accrue the massive amounts of data.

"Having so many people in North America and around the world paying attention to nature has been crucial to understanding how wildlife react to our presence," lead author Michael Schrimpf, from the University of Manitoba, said.

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Bald eagles and other birds' behavior may have changed due to COVID lockdowns, study finds - KTVQ Billings News