Category Archives: Human Behavior

Human Behavior

Kai-Fu Lee: The Real Story of AI – Caixin Global

Artificial intelligence (AI) is smart software and hardware capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is the elucidation of the human learning process, the quantification of the human thinking process, the explication of human behavior, and the understanding of what makes intelligence possible. It is mankind's final step in the journey to understanding ourselves, and I hope to take part in this new, but promising science.

I wrote these words as a starry-eyed student applying to Carnegie Mellon Universitys Ph.D. program almost 40 years ago. Computer scientist John McCarthy coined the term artificial intelligence even earlier at the legendary Dartmouth Conference in the summer of 1956. In the first three and a half decades of my AI journey, AI as a field of inquiry was essentially confined to academia, with very few successful commercial adaptations.

AIs practical applications once evolved slowly. In the last five years, however, AI has become the worlds hottest technology. A stunning turning point came in 2016, when AlphaGo, a machine built by Deepmind engineers, defeated Lee Sedol in a five-round Go match known as the Google DeepMind Challenge Match. Go is more complex than chess by 1-million-trillion- trillion-trillion-trillion times. Also, compared to chess, the game of Go is believe to require true intelligence, wisdom, and Zen-like intellectual refinement. People were shocked that the AI competitor was capable of beating the human champion.

AlphaGo, like most of the commercial breakthroughs in AI, was built on deep-learning, an omni-use technology that can learn automatically from large datasets. Deep learning was invented many years ago, but only recently has there been enough computing power to demonstrate their efficacy, and sufficient training data to achieve exceptional results. Compared to when I started working in AI 40 years ago, we now have about 1 trillion times more compute power to experiment with AI, and storing the necessary data is 15 million times cheaper.

AI is now at a tipping point. The days of slow progress are over. In just the past five years, AI has beaten human champions in Go, poker, and the video game Dota II. It has become so powerful that it can learn chess in four hours and play invincibly against humans. But its not just games. The technology has surpassed humans in speech and object recognition, powered digital humans with uncanny realism in both appearance and sound, and passed college entrance and medical licensing exams. It is outperforming judges in fair and consistent sentencing, and radiologists in diagnosing lung cancer, as well as powering drones that will change the future of delivery, agriculture and warfare. Finally, AI is enabling autonomous vehicles that are safer than people on highway driving.

As AI continues to advance and applications blossom, where does it all lead?

In my 2018 book, AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order, I addressed the proliferation of data (or new oil) that powers AI and how the United States and China are leading the AI revolution, with the U.S. leading research advances and China building more applications for its large population using the corresponding big data. I also predicted new advances from big-data-driven decision-making to machine perception to autonomous robots and vehicles. I projected that AIs new applications in digital industries, finance, retail and transportation would build unprecedented economic value, but also create problems around the loss of human jobs, as well as other issues.

We now must look ahead to the next frontiers. As Ive traveled the world talking about AI, Im constantly asked, Whats next? What will happen in another five, 10, or 20 years? What will the future hold for us humans?

These are essential questions for our moment in history, and everyone working in the technology space has an opinion. Some believe that were in the midst of an AI bubble that will eventually pop, or at least cool off. Those with more drastic and dystopian views believe everything from the notion that AI giants will hijack our minds and form a utopian new race of human cyborgs to the arrival of an AI-driven apocalypse. Each of these projections may be born out of genuine curiosity or understandable fear, but they are usually speculative or exaggerated. They miss the complete picture.

Speculation varies wildly because AI appears complex and opaque. Ive observed that people often rely on three sources to learn about it: science fiction, news and influential people. In science fiction books and TV shows, people have seen depictions of robots that want to control or outsmart humans, and super-intelligence turned evil. From the news, whose currency is often negative and outlying examples rather than quotidian examples of progress, people read about autonomous vehicles killing pedestrians, technology companies using AI to influence elections, and people using AI to create fake news and deep fakes. Relying on thought leaders ought to be the best option, but unfortunately most are experts in business, physics, or politics, not artificial intelligence technology. Their predictions often lack scientific rigor. What makes things worse is that journalists tend to quote these leaders out of context, in order to attract eyeballs. So, it is no wonder that the general view about AI has turned cautious and even negative, built on misinformation or half-truths.

To be sure, aspects of AI development deserve our scrutiny and caution, but it is important to balance these concerns with exposure to the full picture of this crucially important technologys potential. AI, like most technologies, is neither inherently good nor evil. And like most technologies, AI will eventually produce more positive than negative impacts in our society. Think about the tremendous benefits of electricity, mobile phones, and the internet. In the course of human history, we have often been fearful of new technologies that seem poised to change the status quo. In time, these fears usually go away, and these technologies become woven into the fabric of our lives and improve our standard of living.

I believe there are many exciting applications and scenarios in which AI can enhance our society profoundly. Firstly, AI will create tremendous value for our society PriceWaterhouseCooper estimates $15.7 trillion by 2030 which will help reduce hunger and poverty. AI will also create efficient services that will give us back our most valuable resource time. It will take over routine tasks, and liberate us to do more stimulating or challenging jobs. Lastly, humans will work symbiotically with AI, with AI performing quantitative analysis, optimization and routine work, while we humans contribute our creativity, strategy and passion. Each humans productivity will be amplified, allowing us to realize our potential. AI is poised to make profound contributions to humanity, while causing challenges that can be addressed.

Amid what seems like a feedback loop of negative stories about AI, I believe its important to tell these other stories, too. To answer that question of what happens next, I decided to write another book about AI. This time, I wanted to extend the horizon a bit further to imagine the future of the world and our society in 20 years time, or 2041. My aim is to tell the real AI story, in a way that is candid and balanced, but also constructive and hopeful. This book is based on realistic AI, or technologies that either already exist, or can be reasonably expected to mature within the next 20 years. The stories in this book offer a portrait of our world in 2041, based on technologies with a greater than 80% likelihood of coming to pass over that timeframe. I may overestimate or underestimate some. But I believe this book will represent a responsible and likely set of scenarios.

How can I be so confident? Over the past 40 years, I have been involved in AI research and product development at Apple Inc., Microsoft Corp., and Google LLC, and managed $3 billion in technology investments. So, I have hands-on experience about the time and process to take an academic paper to a pervasive product. Further, as an adviser to governments on AI strategy, I can make better predictions based on my knowledge of policy and regulation frameworks, and the reasoning behind them. Also, I avoid making speculative predictions about fundamental breakthroughs and rely mostly on applying and extrapolating the future of existing technologies. Since AI has penetrated less than 10% of our industries, there are many opportunities to reimagine our future with AI infusion into these industries. In short, I believe that even with few or no breakthroughs, AI is still poised to make a profound impact on our society. And this book is my testimony.

Ive been told that one of the reasons that AI Superpowers had an impact on readers was that it was accessible to people with no prior knowledge of AI. So when I embarked on this new book, I asked: What can I do to tell stories about AI in a way that makes them even more widely appealing? The answer, of course, was to work with a good storyteller! I decided to reach out to my former Google colleague Chen Qiufan. After Google, I started a venture capital firm. Qiufan did something more adventurous he became an award-winning science fiction writer. I was delighted that Qiufan agreed to work on the project with me, and to dovetail his creativity with my judgement on what technology will be capable of in 20 years.

We named our book AI 2041 because that is 20 years from the initial publication of this book. But it didnt slip our notice that the digits 41 happen to look a bit like AI.

We hope the stories entertain readers, while deepening their understanding of AI, as well as challenges posed by AI. We also hope that the books roadmap of the coming decades will help our readers prepare themselves to capture the opportunities and confront the challenges that the future will bring. Most of all, we hope all readers will agree that the tales in AI 2041 reinforce our belief in human agency that we are the masters of our fate, and no technological revolution will ever change that.

Kai-Fu Lee is chairman and CEO of Sinovation Ventures.

The views and opinions expressed in this opinionsection are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the editorial positions of Caixin Media.

If you would like to write an opinion for Caixin Global, please send your ideas or finished opinions to our email: opinionen@caixin.com

This article has been edited for length and clarity.

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Kai-Fu Lee: The Real Story of AI - Caixin Global

Human Behavior

NBC’s Lester Holt suggests ‘free will’ is partly to blame for the 1 million COVID deaths – Fox News

NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!

"NBC Nightly News" anchor Lester Holt closed his newscast on Wednesday with a somber monologue about the 1 million COVID death milestone that was just reached in the U.S., but suggested that "free will" is partly to blame for the devastating death toll.

"Today's soul-crushing milestone comes just as we begin to peek out from behind our masks lower our guard willing the pandemic to be over," Holt told viewers while showing COVID-era images, including caskets. "But the slowly rising tally of the dead won't let it be and forces us to confront some tough questions like how many of those 1 million deaths might have been prevented."

NBC'S TODAY GUSHES OVER AMERICAN-TURNED-CHINESE OLYMPIC ATHLETE EILEEN GU, AVOIDS UYGHUR CONCENTRATION CAMPS

"We counted on the tools, the vaccines, the masks, the distancing, but we forgot about the unpredictability of free will, mistrust in science and simple human behavior," the anchor said as images of anti-mandate protests appeared on-screen.

NBC Nightly News anchor Lester Holt hosts an NBC News town hall event with U.S. Democratic presidential candidate and former Vice President Joe Biden in Miami, Florida, U.S., October 5, 2020. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid (REUTERS/Brendan McDermid)

Holt pondered "what such a moment called for" as the U.S. reached various death toll milestones, saying the pandemic has "changed our rituals of death and grief" by keeping loved ones physically separated, perhaps only connected virtually.

NBC'S LESTER HOLT SAYS WE DON'T NEED TO HEAR BOTH SIDES TO DEFINE TRUTH: FAIRNESS IS OVERRATED

"One million dead sounds like an ending to a horrible story, not a chapter, but that's what it is. A number that shakes our consciousness, demands our attention, forces us to pause and consider who and what we have lost," Holt continued, adding, "You've got to believe there are better days ahead."

OLYMPIA, WA - APRIL 19: Hundreds gather to protest the state's stay-at-home order, at the Capitol building on April 19, 2020 in Olympia, Washington. Washington state Gov. Jay Inslee instituted the order last month in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). (Karen Ducey/Getty Images)

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Much of the media demonized anyone who protested lockdowns as well as mask and vaccine mandates throughout the pandemic.

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NBC's Lester Holt suggests 'free will' is partly to blame for the 1 million COVID deaths - Fox News

Human Behavior

Study Shows Humans Were Apex Predators 12,000 Years Ago, Hunted Elephants, Other Large Animals – India.com

New evidence shows that humans from the Paleolithic Period, or Old Stone Age, relied heavily on meat instead of a vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and vegetables. We might picture a balanced diet when we think about the food of our Pleistocene ancestors but the Paleolithic cuisine was anything but lean and green.Also Read - Here's What a Black Hole Sounds Like, Netizens Call It Horror Movie Music. Watch

Paleolithic Era means Old Stone Age which began 2 million years ago. Homo Sapiens during this time period were Nomads who moved around to find food, water and shelter. Also Read - NASA To Send Naked Pictures Of Humans To Space To Attract Aliens

According to a 2021 study on the diets of our Pleistocene ancestors, homo sapiens and their ancestors were primarily apex predators for a good 2 million years, until roughly 12,000 years ago. The study was done by anthropologists from Israels Tel Aviv University and the University of Minho in Portugal. Also Read - Aliens Had Sexual Encounters With Humans, Left One Woman Pregnant, Claims Pentagon

This comparison is futile, however, because 2 million years ago hunter-gatherer societies could hunt and consume elephants and other large animals while todays hunter gatherers do not have access to such bounty, said Miki Ben-Dor from Israels Tel Aviv University in April last year.

The Pleistocene epoch was a defining time in Earths history for us humans. By the end of it, we were marching our way into the far corners of the globe, outliving every other hominid on our branch of the family tree.

The following graph shows where homo sapiens sat on the spectrum of carnivore to herbivore during the Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene (UP).

During the ice age, with so much water locked up as ice, ecosystems around the world were vastly different to what we see today. Large beasts roamed the landscape, including mammoths, mastodons, and giant sloths in far greater numbers than we see today.

We decided to use other methods to reconstruct the diet of stone-age humans: to examine the memory preserved in our own bodies, our metabolism, genetics and physical build, said Ben-Dor.

Human behavior changes rapidly, but evolution is slow. The body remembers.

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Study Shows Humans Were Apex Predators 12,000 Years Ago, Hunted Elephants, Other Large Animals - India.com

Human Behavior

New show at Guttenberg Arts Gallery looks at the relationships between people and places – NJ.com

Expand Erupt Disperse, a new exhibit by artist Linda K. Mead, opens with a reception on Saturday, May 7, from 7 to 9 p.m., at the Guttenberg Arts Gallery. The show will be on view until May 31.

Born in Washington, DC, Mead grew up in Northern Virginia at a time of expanding suburban sprawl. After attaining a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Virginia Commonwealth University with a concentration in metals and textiles, she relocated to Germany where she lived for 11 years. She moved to New Jersey in 2002 where after several years she began etching at the Visual Arts Center of New Jersey with Vijay Kumar.

During her time in Germany, Mead gained a better understanding of the relationship between places people find themselves and their relationship to those places. For Mead, Germany was a place where rural and urban, nature and industry, are physically and emotionally hard to separate. This allowed nature to figure into her work, which was also inspired by the hours she spent wandering around the woods and the creek behind her childhood home in Virginia.

Meads original expertise was in jewelry and textile design. She returned to working with metal after spending years as a painter and began embedding images in copper plates, beginning her work as a printmaker and using the etched copper plates as sculptural elements.

Meads current works reflect the present state of the world and the sense of unease that has come with it along with the consequences of human behavior.

My artwork is the culmination of the process of gathering, absorbing and sorting and a fascination with the relationships between what is within and what is without--the seen and unseen, says Mead. It stems from a desire to give form to the undulation and constant state of flux in which we live, from the frenetic and fevered to the still, steadied and silenced.

Guttenberg Arts Gallery is open by appointment only Tuesday through Sunday from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and anytime virtually on their website. You can schedule a visit or view the virtual gallery by going to http://www.guttenbergarts.org/exhibitions.

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New show at Guttenberg Arts Gallery looks at the relationships between people and places - NJ.com

Human Behavior

Brown University’s Biggest Medical Success Is Turning Into a Nightmare – GoLocalProv

Wednesday, May 04, 2022

GoLocalProv News Team

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Dr. Stephen Salloway - top researcher on Biogen's "breakthrough drug"

The drug, Aduhelm -- developed by Biogen -- was supposed to be a breakthrough that could transform the treatment of Alzheimers disease the sixth leading cause of death in America.

Biogen's stock soared like a rocket to $468 a share when the drug cleared federal approval. The drug was expected to generate billions in new revenue.

In the United States, an estimated 5.8 million Americans have been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease. Statisticianspredictthat in the next 30 years, 13.8 million people may be living with Alzheimers if researchers arent able to prevent or find a cure for the disease.

Aduhelm was promised to be a critical development that would help early-stage Alzheimer's sufferers and would drive massive profits for Biogen and its research team. During the regulatory review process by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Biogen promised in press releases, "If approved, aducanumab [later renamed Aduhelm] would be the first treatment to meaningfully change the course of the disease for individuals living with Alzheimers."

When the FDA approved the drug in 2021 -- that approval was controversial and Biogen priced the drug at $56,000.

But, the medical success story has turned into a nightmare and the impact is just beginning to be felt.

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Aduhelm has turned into one of the most controversial drugs in American history

In the past few days, Biogen announced the resignation of its CEO. The stock has lost more than half of its value -- closing on Tuesday at $205 a share -- a decline of 56% from its 52-week high.

"BiogenInc. is shedding Chief ExecutiveMichel Vounatsosand effectively abandoning its high-profile Alzheimers disease treatment Aduhelm as it attempts to chart a new course after Medicares devastating refusalto pay for it," reported the Wall Street Journal on Tuesday.

The business magazine Barron's wrote the most condemning headline, "Its Lights Out for Biogens Aduhelm. But Theres Some Hope for Other Alzheimers Drugs."

Controversial Approval

A 2020 Biogen press release announcing an early regulatory review success featured Salloway.

For many people living with the early stages of Alzheimers disease, maintaining independence for as long as possible is the ultimate goal, said Salloway, M.D., M.S., Director of the Butler Hospital Memory and Aging Program at Brown University. If we can help slow the progression from one stage to the next, this could preserve independence, which, in turn, could have truly meaningful benefits for people living with the disease and their loved ones. Aducanumab represents a potential breakthrough that we hope will provide a treatment foothold in the fight against Alzheimers disease.

Salloway is a leading Alzheimer's researcher in America, and his efforts are further bolstered by recentinvestments made at Brown University, including the $100 million gift for its brain science institute from alumnus Robert and Nancy Carney. Salloway, already a star at Brown, became the face of the Warren Alpert Medical School and the related research.

But, nearly every step of the drug's commercialization was steeped in controversy.

Two weeks ago it was announced that Medicare will deny routine payment for Aduhelm. The final Medicare policy is unusually strict and greatly limits sales.

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FDA approval of Aduhelm was widely criticized

That approval sparked resignations.

In a powerful statement of disagreement with the Food and Drug Administrations approval of Biogens controversialAlzheimersdrug, three scientists resigned from the independent committee that advised the agency on the treatment, reported the New York Times.

This might be the worst approval decision that the F.D.A. has made that I can remember, Dr. Aaron Kesselheim, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Womens Hospital told the NY Times, who submitted his resignation after six years on the committee.

Stop and Go

Salloway has been a consistent advocate for the drug, even when it initially had its clinic trials canceled in 2019.

Salloway appeared on GoLocal LIVE in June of 2019 calling for the need for volunteers for research conducted by Brown in conjunction with Care New England.

But, by September of 2019, Salloway was back on GoLocal LIVE trumpeting the change in fortune.

As GoLocal reported in 2019:

In March, the aducanumab clinical trials that Salloway worked on were suspended -- and then two weeks ago, Biogen announced that new analysis of the research had shown the drug was having a positive impact on slowing Alzheimers.

This is really exciting news. Weve been testing a medicine that has a funny name -- aducanumab -- thats been developed by Biogen up in Cambridge for a number of years for patients with early Alzheimers disease, said Salloway, on GoLocal LIVE.

It had some encouraging results which we published in 2016. It was covered around the world because it looked really good many people were very interested, we had 60 patients with early Alzheimers on this medicine over at Butler Hospital in our memory and aging program, and from our point of view, they seem to be doing well, so we were encouraged, said Salloway.

"Then all of a sudden in March, I got an email that the drug looked like it didn't meet an outcome analysis an interim analysis and Biogen was going to stop testing it. We were blown away, how could that be, it was looking good and our patients were really devastated. They had to come off the drug some had been on [it] for years and actually doing well," said Salloway, who is the Martin M. Zucker Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Professor of Neurology at Brown, and Chief of Neurology and Director of the Memory and Aging Program at Butler Hospital.

"Then last week, we got the news the comeback of the year that additional data came in and actually looked like the drug was having a positive effect, and Biogen has been speaking with the FDA, and the FDA has given them the green light to submit for approval," added Salloway.

Biogen is now unwinding the drug's support and sales. According to the Wall Street Journal, "The company will substantially eliminate the sales infrastructure it built to support Aduhelms launch, including employees to promote the drug to doctors and provide logistical assistance for navigating the complex process of administering it to patients. The cuts will comprise the bulk of an estimated $500 million in annual savings that the company is targeting."

Salloway was unavailable for comment for this story.

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Brown University's Biggest Medical Success Is Turning Into a Nightmare - GoLocalProv

Human Behavior

Human Behavior and the Social Environment I – Open …

Reviewed by Willa Casstevens, Associate Professor/Social Work Program Director, Buena Vista University on 12/30/21

Comprehensivenessrating:3see less

This review is based on a downloaded PDF file of the text. The table of contents covers relevant areas appropriately. That said, in reading the chapters, content is not always placed into a broader context for the course. Individual chapters are sourced from a variety of places and the relevance and clarity of content is uneven. Each chapter provides its own reference list; some Parts and/or Chapters of the text include lists of definitions. No overall index and/or glossary is provided. Using the PDF version led to some difficulties with accessing video links and reading tables and boxes.

Content Accuracyrating:3

There are occasional errors. For example, it is inappropriate to describe the disease model and medical model as distinct (p. 66), since these terms are often considered synonymous (Swaine, 2011). It would be more appropriate to distinguish between the medical model and the biopsychosocial model (Basel, 2017), or between the medical model and the interactional model/framework (Shulman, 2016). To give another example, it is inaccurate to use the term critical practice theory (p. 101), although critical practice methods in social work are grounded in critical theory. Development across the lifespan material, however, is comprehensive and up-to-date (text Parts V through XII).

Relevance/Longevityrating:4

In Part IV, the definition given for racism is very recently outdated and needs to include a discussion of how/why it has been revised (e.g., Merriam-Webster, 2021). Chapter 8 Racial & Ethnic Inequality in Part IV needs to be updated and substantively revised to more accurately reflect the depth of the historical and social problems it describes. That said, including Part IV Chapters 5 8 is a strength of this text (see Cultural Relevance, below).

Clarityrating:2

The material in parts / chapters is reflects inconsistent editing that occasionally impacts clarity. In Part III, for example, Chapter 3 Theoretical Perspectives focuses on sociological theories and is extremely clear, although this material is often covered in HBSE II rather than HBSE I. Chapter 4, however, needs editing, e.g., As the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed in Chapter 1 Sociology and the Sociological Perspective emphasizes, shared symbols make social interaction possible. This sentence is inaccurate, as the perspective is discussed in Chapter 3 Theoretical Perspectives, not Chapter 1, which this text titles How We Use Our Expectations. Another example, about equal proportions have no language at all or only pictures probably intends to state no written language at all based on the pie chart being described (p. 125). Two versions of the table showing Theory of Mind components are present, one on page 522 and one on page 523. Editing is needed in Chapter 14 on page 525, which refers to a greater discussion on disorders affecting children that will take place in Chapter 5. When adapting chapters from other OER sources, it is important to ensure that material flows clearly and correctly.

Consistencyrating:3

It would help to have the introductory material that is provided for each Roman numeral Part of the text, prior to the first chapter in each section, structured in a standardized way. As it stands, introductory material can sometimes be confusing rather than helpful. The parallel chapter structure of Parts VI through XII, by contrast, is very helpful.

Modularityrating:4

The text is indeed easily and readily divisible into smaller reading sections that can be assigned at different points within the course. The single long chapter in Part V, Chapter 9 Heredity, Prenatal Development, & Birth, is about 60 pages of reading that might benefit from being subdivided into two or more chapters. The content in Chapter 9 is excellent.

Organization/Structure/Flowrating:4

The topics in the text are presented in a logical, clear fashion under the Contents tab online, and in the Table of Contents of the PDF file download. The first two chapters of the text, and their introductory material in Parts I & II respectively, need to be revised and expanded to improve structure and flow. It might help to explicitly contextualize Chapter 1 within cognitive theory; Chapter 2 needs significant expansion. Social learning theory (e.g., Bandura, Vygotsky) is not mentioned in Chapters 1 through 3. This is an unusual omission, when introducing students to relevant theories and frameworks in HBSE I. Bandura is first mentioned in Chapters 10 & 11, and Vygotsky appears in Chapter 14. It is unfortunate that Chapter 14 repeats verbatim some of the examples that were used during the discussion of Piaget in Chapter 2.

Interfacerating:2

Some video links could not be accessed from the PDF file, although others were usable; the case vignette for Bianca mentioned in Part I/Chapter 1 was not available. Other difficulties with the PDF file download include the table of genetic disorders on page 285 which is too blurry to read, and Box 2.3 on page 305 which can barely be read. The box on page 318 cannot be read, and Table 4.1 on page 471, can only occasionally be understood. These types of legibility concerns appear intermittently throughout the PDF file download.

Grammatical Errorsrating:2

The text contains occasional grammatical and/or editing errors, e.g., pages 283, 287, 289 and 308 (Chapter 9), and page 358 (Chapter 10). A sentence repeats on page 395 (Chapter 11); a sentence on page 474 is awkward, making it difficult to follow (Chapter 13). These types of issues occur sporadically throughout the text. Constructivist is misspelled two ways on page 518 of the PDF file download.

Cultural Relevancerating:5

The inclusion of Part IV The Social Change Dimension is a great strength of this text. Part IV includes Chapters 5 through 8, which focus respectively on stereotyping, in- & out-groups, reducing discrimination, and racial/ethnic inequality. These are all important topics in todays world. Chapters 5 through 7 in particular are well referenced. Chapter 8 Racial & Ethnic Inequality needs to be updated and substantively revised to more accurately reflect the depth of the historical and social problems it describes. It would be good to further diversify photos/images in chapters of Part VI Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood, as they are primarily of white infants and toddlers; this was addressed in Part VII Chapter 13. A number of photos are reused in various chapters.Content in Chapter 15 Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood is up-to-date and highly relevant for HBSE I. Chapters on development across the lifespan includes solid coverage of LGBT material.

I appreciate the time it took to locate and combine open source material into a comprehensive HBSE I textbook - selectively using large portions of this text could reduce student book costs substantially for HBSE I.

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Human Behavior and the Social Environment I - Open ...

Human Behavior

28 Examples of Human Behavior – Simplicable

An overview of human behavior with examples. Social Status Humans desire respect from other humans. This often takes the form of social status based on things like wealth, youth, appearance, coolness, style, intelligence, authority, popularity, position, recognition and association with high status people and institutions. Social status has also been commercialized and commoditized as brands ...

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28 Examples of Human Behavior - Simplicable

Human Behavior

Borne the Battle #267: Army Veteran Greg Williams, Human …

This weeks Borne the Battle features Army Veteran Greg Williams, who has over 30 years of experience training the skills and techniques used to identify specific human behavior patterns. Over that time, hes instructed every Tier One military force in the United States, as well as to various international organizations.

After serving six years in the Army, Williams transitioned to civilian life, working as an urban law enforcement professional. He discusses the specific skills and abilities he acquired while on the force and the limitations he faced while on duty.

In the episode, Williams talks about progressing from police work to training the Human Behavior Pattern Recognition Analysis technique. He breaks down the definition of human behavior pattern recognition, how it can be used to predict danger, what it takes to gain expertise in human behavior pattern recognition and the factors that influence behavior.

Williams decided to transfer the skills and abilities he learned to develop theworld-renowned USMCs highly successful and lifesaving Combat Hunter Program. He delves into the programs history, its recruitment process, the high-profile endorsement he received, andwhat Marines can learn while taking the course. He talks about how human behavior is the foundation of many important programs. As a human behavior pattern recognition specialist, he explains how humans are the best part of the job and the most challenging.

Later, he explains why gas stations are the most dangerous places in the world and the importance of using critical thinking when stopping for a fuel up. Williams also shares advice on how Veterans can start a career in human behavior pattern recognition.

In this episode:

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Borne the Battle #267: Army Veteran Greg Williams, Human ...

Human Behavior

SBU adds economics to its suite of programs in School of Business – Olean Times Herald

ST. BONAVENTURE St. Bonaventure University has added a major in Economics to its suite of undergraduate programs in the School of Business.

Students will be accepted into the program beginning this fall.

The Bachelor of Business Administration degree program is designed to help students examine the production and consumption of goods, and analyze real-world issues such as international trade, poverty, taxes, crime, and education.

The curriculum provides students with thorough training in theoretical and empirical approaches to real-world problems, and provides a framework in which to analyze human behavior.

Students will graduate with the skills needed for successful careers in a wide range of fields, including finance, consulting, accounting, and government, said Dr. Matrecia James, dean of the School of Business.

The program will have two primary learning objectives for students:

To gain an understanding of core economic tools and principles and apply these tools to a wide range of current real-world issues.

To learn how to articulate pragmatic, principles-based policies to enhance social economic welfare and promote social justice.

Five new courses have been developed for the program:

ECO 308 Environmental Economics

ECO 311 Labor Economics

ECO 325 Economics of Health

ECO 330 Law and Economics

ECO 490 Economics Capstone

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SBU adds economics to its suite of programs in School of Business - Olean Times Herald

Human Behavior

Want to make better gains? Know the behaviour pattern that would help you – The Financial Express

By Shivansh Bhasin, Founder, and CEO, The Investrology

The pattern of investment has changed over the years. While people from the older generation prefer to stick to the old mode of investments like fixed deposits (FDs) or gold, millennials explore several investment options ranging from stock markets to crypto.

One of the most neglected aspects among many investors is mental discipline. In one of the recent interviews, Canadian billionaire investor Chamath Palihapitiya mentioned that successful investing is all about behaviour and psychology and even the best model or analysis in the world may prove to be of no use if investors press the panic button during tough times.

Some traders have such high standards that they overthink and over analyse market data before entering or exiting a trade. This often leads to hesitation and self-reproach and tends to undermine ones trading strategy.

Although a fairly ignored aspect, trading psychology plays a major role in shaping the behaviour of an investor in the stock market. Trading psychology denotes the emotional and mental state of an investor that helps them decide the pattern of trading.

You are likely to have several thoughts in your head, arguing for and against taking, entries or profits. Experiencing such a dilemma is known as Cognitive Dissonance. In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort psychological stress experienced by a trader who holds two contradictory beliefs or ideas. This discomfort is triggered by a situation in which a persons belief clashes with new evidence perceived by the person.

Trading psychology can both positively and negatively impact the trading actions of an individual.

For that it is important to identify what your trading psychology is so that you can work on it accordingly. Here are a few ways to understand if your psychology is affecting your trading behavior in the stock market or not.

Some of the ways to deal with negative traits include:

You have power over your mind not outside events. Realise this, and you will find strength said Marcus Aurelius, a Roman philosopher. His words hold true even today.

After facing a couple of losses, it is likely to feel frustrated. At such a time, you could focus more on trading your strategy and sticking with your trading plan because youd know that these are the only things you can control. Youd also focus on improving the way you respond so that you dont let yourself get bullied by your emotions. In the nutshell we could say To study the market is to study human behavior, and to study Human Behavior is to study Yourself.

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Want to make better gains? Know the behaviour pattern that would help you - The Financial Express