Major Growth Opportunities of Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market by 2019 2025.

GlobalImmunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection EquipmentMarket provides you idea regarding Market Rate, size at the worldwide level. The experts utilize the different strategy and expository procedure, for example, SWOT examination to figure platform growth. Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market gives you and huge scale stage with full chances to the specific business, makers, firms, affiliation enterprises and dealers that are constantly working on their business development at a world level. This Report Covers segment data including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment. Also, cover different industries clients information, which is very important for the manufacturers.

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Benchmarking of key playerson the following parameters: Product portfolio, geographical reach, regional presence, and strategic alliances are also provided in this Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market. Leading professionals have been investigated depending on their company profile, product database, capacity, product/service value, transactions, and cost/revenue. Players operating in the global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment market are adopting various growth strategies. The prominent players in the Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Industry are:Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (U.S.) , Danaher Corporation (U.S.) , Carl Zeiss AG (Germany) , Molecular Machines & Industries (Germany) , INDIVUMED GmbH (Germany) , Theranostics Health Inc. (U.S.) , Ocimum Biosolutions LLC (U.S.) , DeNova Sciences Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) , 3DHISTECH Ltd. (Hungary) , AvanSci Bio LLC (U.S.) , ,

The global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment market is valued at xx million USD in 2019 and is expected to reach xx million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% between 2019 and 2024.

Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market segmented on the Basis of Products :Reagents and Media , Assay Kits , Instruments , Others , ,

Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market segmented on the Basis of Application :Research and Development , Molecular Biology , Cell Biology , Forensic Science , Diagnostics , Others , ,

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Global Immunofluorescence Laser Capture Microdissection Equipment Market Forecast to 2024 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US) - Market Reports...

A new study, published in the journal Neuron, implicates metabolic dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases leading to altered calcium homeostasis in neurons as the underlying cause of cerebellar ataxias.

This study not only tells us about how SCA7 begins at a basic mechanistic level, but it also provides a variety of therapeutic opportunities to treat SCA7 and other ataxias, said Al La Spada, MD, PhD, professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, at the Duke School of Medicine, and the studys senior author.

SCA7 is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive problems with vision, movement, and balance. Individuals with SCA7 have CAG-polyglutamine repeat expansions in one of their genes; these expansions lead to progressive neuronal death in the cerebellum. SCA7 has no cure or disease-modifying therapies.

La Spada and colleagues performed transcriptome analysis on mice living with SCA7. These mice displayed down-regulation of genes that controlled calcium flux and abnormal calcium-dependent membrane excitability in neurons in their cerebellum.

La Spadas team also linked dysfunction of the protein Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in the development of cerebellar ataxia. Sirt1 is a master regulator protein associated both with improved neuronal health and with reduced overall neurodegenerative effects associated with aging.La Spadas team observed reduced activity of Sirt1 in SCA7 mice; this reduced activity was associated with depletion of NAD+, a molecule important for metabolic functions and for catalysing the activity of numerous enzymes, including Sirt1.

When the team crossed mouse models of SCA7 with Sirt1 transgenic mice, they found improvements in cerebellar degeneration, calcium flux defects, and membrane excitability. They also found that NAD+ repletion rescued SCA7 disease phenotypes in both mouse models and human stem cell-derived neurons from patients.

These findings elucidate Sirt1s role in neuroprotection by promoting calcium regulation and describe changes in NAD+ metabolism that reduce the activity of Sirt1 in neurodegenerative disease.

Colleen Stoyas, PhD, first author of the study, and a postdoctoral fellow at the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation in San Diego, said: Sirt1 has been known to be neuroprotective, but its a little unclear as to why.

Tying NAD+ metabolism and Sirt1 activity to a crucial neuronal functional pathway offers a handful of ways to intervene that could be potentially useful and practical to patients.

Here is the original post:
Metabolic dysregulation: origins of neurodegenerative disease - Health Europa

As interest in intermittent fasting keeps growing, a completely different type of fasting trend is coming out of Silicon Valley. Followers of "dopamine fasting" believe that if they deprive themselves from anything stimulating devices, movies, TV, light or even other people they can alter the levels of dopamine in their bodies and reset their brains.

On the surface, it's a life hack that sounds like a good idea: try to modify the dopamine chemical known as one of the "happy hormones" in the body simply by unplugging from devices and stepping away from activity.

"Dopamine fasting is like, 'I'm getting off my devices so I can feel more,'" Dr. Zach Freyberg, an assistant professor of psychiatry and cell biology at the University of Pittsburgh, told TODAY. "It's doing things that are that are meant to keep you sensitized to the world around you."

To fast, followers say they avoid things they enjoy, which can include mobile devices, sex, social media, entertainment, shopping, gambling, exercise, food and alcohol, for a set period of time. Some might even avoid eye contact or chats during that time.

The goal avoiding stimulation in the present, in order to be happier later. For example, love online shopping? During a fast, you'd skip it.

In a way, it's like meditation where people spend time without outside excitement. But this type of fasting is tailored to what specifically causes your dopamine to spike, whether it's red wine, Snapchat or Christmas movies.

Sounds simple, right? Not really.

Your brain is always working. Your neurotransmitters, like dopamine, are always working, Madelyn Fernstrom, a neuroscientist and NBC News health and nutrition editor, told TODAY.

While dopamine fasting focuses on the molecule's role as a neurotransmitter in the brain, dopamine does a lot of heavy lifting throughout the body.

Dopamine is something that's inside of our bodies that our bodies make, Freyberg said. In the brain, dopamine is responsible for lots of important brain functions. You need it to help control mood, you need that to feel a sense of satisfaction and reward.

Trending stories,celebrity news and all the best of TODAY.

People often think of it as the hormone of excitement and novelty seeking, said Dr. Amit Sood, executive director of the Resilient Option, and former professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic.

This means people experience a surge of it when they try something new or anticipate something. Some of what Silicon Valley sells causes dopamine spikes.

A lot of social media is driven by dopamine, he said. Youre just chasing it.

But dopamines role is much more complex. It also helps the brain control movement and exists in other parts of the body, regulating insulin, aiding digestion, managing kidney function and maintaining blood pressure.

Its kind of like an air traffic coordinator. It controls and coordinates the functions of a lot of different organs, a lot of different parts of the body, to make sure they work harmoniously, Fryberg explained.

Not having enough dopamine causes real problems. Parkinsons disease, for example, is a disorder of dopamine, Fryberg said.

The body absolutely needs to make that dopamine because it needs to control the life support systems, he said.

In some ways, eating and exercising can influence dopamine production, but not in the way that dopamine fasting fans think.

When you eat, the amount of dopamine in your blood stream temporarily goes up because that helps control insulin, Fryberg said. There's more and more evidence that exercise can help in Parkinson's patients preserve the amount of dopamine in the brain.

Beyond that that's all we know, he said.

The experts agree that even if the name is an oversimplification of how brain chemistry works, the concept behind dopamine fasting is positive. What "fasters" are truly proposing is taking a break from stimulation and being mindful both healthy practices.

There is no downside, unless you believe you are having an immediate impact on your brain chemistry, Fernstrom, a nutrition scientist, said. It is mistake to think that a short-term behavior of any kind is going to be having an impact on your brain.

Whats more, unplugging and spending time without stimulation might have an opposite effect than anticipated.

Meditation has been shown to increase dopamine in the brain reward activity center, Sood said.

While meditation and avoiding devices is beneficial, Sood encourages people to think of it as adding something to life not subtracting.

It is very difficult to empty your life of something, he said. I tried emptying my mind and it doesnt work. It is not about emptying it. Its about filling it with the right things.

That's why he suggests that people think of something positive while stepping away from devices and overactivity.

If you meditate on gratitude or compassion or kindness it will be more effective, Sood said.

See more here:
What is 'dopamine fasting'? How some are trying to change their brains - TODAY

Discovery of a new T cell

With all the extensive investigations scientists have conducted of the human immune system over the past century, it is astonishing that there are still new cell types to be found. Yet in May, researchers described a hybrid of B and T cells, which they named dual expresser (DE) cells, in people with type 1 diabetes. We think [the DE cell peptide may play] a very major role during the initial phase of the disease, Abdel Hamad, an immunologist at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the senior author of the study, told The Scientist at the time.

That same month, scientists also reported that humans natural killer cells, thought to form the innate immune response, can also keep memories of past encounters with offending antigens, much like the adaptive immune response does. The discovery challenges the basic dogma of how these cells functionanother reminder there is still so much unknown even in our own blood.

Measles, Ebola, and polio flared up in 2019. Cases of measles in the US were the highest since the virus was declared eradicated in America in 2000, and they have been soaring in Europe and elsewhere. Public health officials say insufficient immunization, fueled by anti-vaccine sentiment, is to blame. All the while, scientists continued to learn about the virusand just how dangerous it is. In October, researchers reported that infection with the virus that causes measles appears to leave the immune system vulnerable to infections by other pathogens.

Thousands of people died of measles this year in Democratic Republic of Congo, where an outbreak of Ebola has also been ongoing since the 2018. Violence in the region has hampered efforts to get the Ebola epidemic under control, but newly developed drugs and vaccines administered this year may help slow Ebolas spread.

Polio will soon have another vaccine to contend with as researchers have developed one to designed to counteract the failure of an older vaccine that allowed the virus to continue to circulate and eventually revert to virulence. Such vaccine-derived polio cases have now become more common than those caused by the wild virus, but the new vaccine, which is genetically engineered to avoid such reversion, is set to be deployed in 2020.

The long-term price we pay for having a chilly research environment far exceeds that of the few ideas stolen from us.

Alice Huang, CaltechFears of espionage

Federal science agencies have been cracking down on researchers who violate the rules for relationships with foreign governments, in an effort to prevent other countries from stealing US intellectual property. An eye doctor at the University of California, San Diego, cancer researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center, geneticists at Emory University, and the leaders of Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida are among those have lost their jobs because of their ties to China.

As the US government moves to strengthen defenses against espionage, researchers have voiced concerns of racial profiling, specifically, that Chinese and Chinese-American scientists will be unfairly scrutinized. Writing to The Scientist in March, Caltech biologist Alice Huang says, The long-term price we pay for having a chilly research environment far exceeds that of the few ideas stolen from us.

To avoid legal issues, researchers from Spain and the US developed the first human-monkey chimeras in China, a Spanish newspaper reported in July. The embryos development was stalled after a few weeks, but the scientists would like to grow animals whose organs could be harvested for human transplant, a goal at least one expert finds impractical. I always made the case that it doesnt make sense to use a primate for that. Typically they are very small, and they take too long to develop, Pablo Ross, a veterinary researcher at the University of California, Davis, told MIT Technology Review.

While still illegal to pursue in the US using federal research funds, human-animal chimera projects got the regulatory green light in Japan last spring. Its good that they now allow people to do human-animal [chimera embryos] with species like pigs and sheep, Sean Wu, a developmental biologist at Stanford University, told The Scientist in April. But human-primate chimeras are a different, um, animal. Theres just too many things we dont know about when you try to chimerize two species that are so close to each other, like humans with nonhuman primates.

Teeth of the newly named hominin Homo luzonensis

CALLAO CAVE ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT

Speaking of new humans, scientists described an entirely new species of Homo, H. luzonensis, this year. The first bone of our newly named cousin was originally dug up in Callao Cave in the Philippines in 2007, but back then it wasnt clear who exactly it belonged to. The discovery of more bones and teeth led scientists to conclude that the individuals were a distinct species. Its fantastic news. Its not every day you get to name a new species within the human family tree, Michael Petraglia, a professor of human evolution and prehistory at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History who wasnt involved in the study, told The Scientist at the time.

The friendships that convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein had forged with scientists, and the money he gave them for research, caused an uproar this year. Scholars quit their jobs at MIT in protest while some universities pledged to redirect the money to charitable causes.

At the same time, the Sackler family (of oxycontin-maker Purdue Pharma) came under heightened scrutiny for their role in the opioid epidemic. The Sacklers have been big donors to biomedical research over the years, and Tufts University recently decided to strip the Sackler name from its campus buildings.

Thanks to the work of survivors and activists, #metoos momentum carried through in 2019. Scientific conference organizers were forced to reflect on their policies for protecting attendees, especially in the archaeology field after a known harasserbanned from his own campus where he had been a professor for decadesshowed up at the Society for Archaeology meeting in Albuquerque this year. Victims of David Yesner were present at the meeting and alerted staff, but the societys response was inadequate, causing a prompt backlash on social media and a longer-term reckoning that has since resulted in a more-solidified policy. Members of the SAA voted to allow board members to ban convicted harassers from attending meetings.

The glycan (upper left) and RNA (lower right) are connected by an unknown intermediary in this possible structure of glycoRNA.

RYAN FLYNN

Although still in preprint form, results published this fall introduced a new aspect to cell biology: glycoRNAs, or noncoding RNA strung with complex sugars called glycans. Glycans are normally sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, away from RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus. There really is no framework in biology as we know it today that would explain how RNA and glycans could ever be in the same place at the same time, much less be connected to each other, senior author Carolyn Bertozzi, a chemical biologist at Stanford University, told The Scientist in October. Whatever it is, its a completely unknown biology. Expect to see more insight into this mysterious new cellular entityits function, its structure, and its prevalence.

A wave of pulmonary illnesses and deaths related to vaping swept across the US this year. It wasnt clear to clinicians at first why these cases were appearing, but months of sleuthing led investigators to conclude that vitamin E acetate added to products, especially counterfeit liquids containing THC, was a possible culprit. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is continuing to investigate, as more ingredients may be to blame.

Researchers doubled DNAs alphabet this year with the development of two new synthetic nucleotides, adding to two created previously, leading to what they call a hachimoji DNA molecule composed of four synthetic and four natural bases. The DNA successfully transcribed hachimoji RNA using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase. This is really an exciting paper . . . a true engineering feat, Northwestern Universitys Michael Jewett, who was not involved with the research, wrote in an email to The Scientist in February.

Kerry Grens is a senior editor and the news director of The Scientist. Email her at kgrens@the-scientist.com.

Original post:
The Science News that Shaped 2019 - The Scientist

A recent outbreak of deadly lung illnesses linked to vaping has put the practice in health professionals and regulators crosshairs. Now the first longitudinal population-based study of e-cigarette use in a representative sample of U.S. adults suggests it increases the risk of many chronic lung illnesses, tooespecially when combined with smoking combustible tobacco.

Most of the media coverage of vaping has focused on the short-term, or acute, health impacts. More than 2,500 cases of e-cigarette, or vaping, product useassociated lung injury (EVALI) have been reported across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; 54 deaths have been confirmed to date. Black market productscontaining THC (the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana were the mostly commonly reported by EVALI patients, buthealth authorities have not ruled out risks of lung injury from other vape products.*

The new research suggests that e-cigarettes may also cause long-term health problems. The study, published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that people who reported using the devices were more likely to develop lung illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema or asthma. E-cigarettes have been touted as a harm-reduction method for helping smokers quit, and the new findings could challenge that.

One of the problems that we've had with the whole e-cigarette debate is its asking this abstract question: Are e-cigarettes less dangerous than cigarettes? The answer to that is: if youre a never smoker who never vaped, the e-cigarettes arent as bad as the cigarettes, says study co-author Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. But in the real world, most adult e-cigarette users are dual [e-cigarette and combustible tobacco] usersand thats worse than [just] smoking.

Like conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes contain nicotine and various toxic substances that have been shown to disrupt lung function. But e-cigarettes also contain material such as propylene glycol, flavorings such as diacetyl (for a butter taste) and cinnamaldehyde (for cinnamon), as well as heavy metals. Previous studies in animals have shown that exposure to e-cigarette vapor is linked to lung inflammation and depressed immune activity, and repeated exposure appears to cause lung damage that resembles COPD. Most of the studies in humans have been observational, but they have found an association between e-cigarette use and respiratory disease. And a longitudinal study of people with COPD found that smoking e-cigarettes was linked to exacerbations of the disease and a faster decline.

In the new study, Glantz and his U.C.S.F. colleague Dharma Bhatta analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a longitudinal study of adult tobacco use and health in the U.S. They used data collected from three consecutive time points, or waves, between 2013 and 2016. Respondents were asked whether they currently or previously used e-cigarettes or combustible tobacco (including cigarettes, cigars or cigarillos), or both, as well as whether they had ever been diagnosed with COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema or asthma.

Glantz and Bhatta found that people who reported being current or former e-cigarette users at Wave 1 of the study had about a 30 percent higher risk of developing a respiratory disease at Waves 2 and 3, compared with people who had never used the devices. This danger was not as dire as that of current tobacco smokers at Wave 1, who had about a two-and-half-times higher chance of respiratory illness in later waves. But people who used both e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco had the greatest riskthey were 3.3 times as likely to develop a respiratory disease as someone who had never smoked or used e-cigarettes. The findings suggest e-cigarette use is a risk factor for respiratory disease independent of conventional smoking.

Robert Tarran, a professor of cell biology and physiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, who was not involved with the paper, says the findings were not all that surprisingbut the fact that this was a longitudinal study strengthens what previous observational ones have found. It basically confirms what people in the field were thinking, which is that vaping isnt good for you, Tarran says. He and his colleagues published a study earlier this year that found that vapers had elevated levels of proteases (proteins that cut up other proteins) in their lungs. Such elevated levelssimilar to those seen in smokerscan lead to emphysema. And just as it can take a long time for the effects of smoking to cause serious disease, we're kind of concerned that with vapers, youre going to see a similar thing, where kids who start vaping now40 to 50 years from now, there's going to be a big epidemic of COPD and lung cancer, Tarran says.

Glantz says he was somewhat surprised that he and Bhatta could detect the increased disease risk in just two yearsthe length of time over which people were tracked in the PATH Study. They also calculated whether switching completely from conventional smoking to e-cigarettes lowered the risk of disease and found that it did. Almost none of the people who used e-cigarettes at Waves 2 and 3 of the study had stopped smoking combustible tobacco, however. Instead smoking both e-cigarettes and combustible tobaccoso-called dual usewas much more common.

Last week, a group of public health researchers published an opinion piece in Science arguing that policies seeking to restrict or ban vaping may be counterproductive, because many adult smokers rely on e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking. But the new findings could undermine this view. The concept that smokers would transition from using cigarettes to e-cigarettes and substantially reduce their health risks is not a crazy idea, says Glantz, who is also a nonsmokers rights activist. But if you look at actual use behaviors, they multiply. And since most people are dual users, youre getting increased harms. In addition, there is the fact that millions of young people who are not regular smokers are getting addicted to e-cigarettes, he adds. (Scientific American reached out to e-cigarette company JUUL Labs and the Vapor Technology Association, a vaping industry trade organization, for comment but did not receive a response.)

The mechanism of lung damage with chronic e-cigarette use is probably different from that behind EVALI, Glantz notes. About 80 percent of those hospitalized in the EVALI outbreak reported vaping THC, and the lung damage in those patients resembled that caused by chemical burns. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified vitamin E acetatea type of oil used as a thickening agent in some THC vaping productsas a possible chemical of concern, although the agency is exploring other possible mechanisms.

The PATH Study was focused mainly on tobacco use and did not distinguish between use of nicotine and marijuana e-cigarettes, Glantz says, adding, If had to do it over again, Id include marijuana in the model.

Regardless of whether vaping involves THC or nicotine, though, neither are probably good for the lungs, according to Glantz, adding, As my pulmonologist friends say, lungs are designed to inhale air.

*Editors Note (12/20/19):This article was updated to clarify that most of the products associated with the EVALI outbreak were black-market products.

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Vaping May Increase the Risk of Chronic Respiratory Disease - Scientific American

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "3D Cell Culture Market by Product (Hydrogel, Hanging Drop, Bioreactor, Microfluidics, Magnetic Levitation), Application (Cancer, Stem Cell, Toxicology, Tissue Engineering), End User (Pharmaceutical, Biotech, Cosmetics), Region - Global Forecast to 2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The 3D cell culture market is projected to reach USD 1,846 million by 2024 from USD 892 million in 2019, at a CAGR of 15.7%

The growth in this market is primarily driven by the increasing focus on developing alternatives to animal testing, growing focus on personalized medicine, increasing incidence of chronic diseases, and the availability of funding for research. On the other hand, the lack of infrastructure for 3D cell-based research and the high cost of cell biology research are expected to limit market growth during the forecast period.

The microfluidics-based 3D cell cultures segment is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

Based on product, the 3D cell culture market is segmented into scaffold-based, scaffold-free, microfluidics-based, and magnetic & bioprinted 3D cell cultures. The microfluidics-based segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Funding initiatives from various government and private investors are among the key factors driving the growth of this market.

Cancer and stem cell research segment accounted for the largest share of the 3D cell culture market in 2018.

On the basis of application, the 3D cell culture market is segmented into cancer & stem cell research, drug discovery & toxicology testing, and tissue engineering & regenerative medicine. Cancer & stem cell research segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2018. The increasing prevalence of cancer and significant funding initiatives for cancer research from the government as well as the private sector are some of the major factors driving the growth of this application segment.

Europe to witness high growth during the forecast period.

Based on the region, the 3D cell culture market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). The European market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR owing to the growth of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, increasing incidence of cancer, growing number of venture capital investments, strategic expansion of market players in the region, recent commercialization of microfluidic-based products, increasing presence of major market players, and the large number of research activities in the region.

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers

Restraints

Opportunities

Challenges

Company Profiles

Other Key Players

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/aj5kod

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3D Cell Culture Market: Hydrogel, Hanging Drop, Bioreactor, Microfluidics, Magnetic Levitation - Global Forecast to 2024 - ResearchAndMarkets.com -...

Medicines such as insulin for diabetes and clotting factors for hemophilia are hard to synthesize in the lab. Such drugs are based on therapeutic proteins, so scientists have engineered bacteria into tiny protein-making factories. But even with the help of bacteria or other cells, the process of producing proteins for medical or commercial applications is laborious and costly.

Now, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have discovered a way to supercharge protein production up to a thousandfold. The findings, published Dec. 18 in Nature Communications, could help increase production and drive down costs of making certain protein-based drugs, vaccines and diagnostics, as well as proteins used in the food, agriculture, biomaterials, bioenergy and chemical industries.

The process of producing proteins for medical or commercial applications can be complex, expensive and time-consuming, saidSergej Djuranovic,associate professor of cell biology and physiology and the studys senior author. If you can make each bacterium produce 10 times as much protein, you only need one-tenth the volume of bacteria to get the job done, which would cut costs tremendously. This technique works with all kinds of proteins because its a basic feature of the universal protein-synthesizing machinery.

Proteins are built from chains of amino acids hundreds of links long. Djuranovic and first author Manasvi Verma, an undergraduate researcher in Djuranovics lab, stumbled on the importance of the first few amino acids when an experiment for a different study failed to work as expected. The researchers were looking for ways tocontrol the amount of protein produced from a specific gene.

We changed the sequence of the first few amino acids, and we thought it would have no effect on protein expression, but instead, it increased protein expression by 300%, Djuranovic said. So then we started digging in to why that happened.

The researchers turned to green fluorescent protein, a tool used in biomedical research to estimate the amount of protein in a sample by measuring the amount of fluorescent light produced. Djuranovic and colleagues randomly changed the sequence of the first few amino acids in green fluorescent protein, generating 9,261 distinct versions, identical except for the very beginning.

The brilliance of the different versions of green fluorescent protein varied a thousandfold from the dimmest to the brightest, the researchers found, indicating a thousandfold difference in the amount of protein produced. With careful analysis and further experiments, Djuranovic, Verma and their collaborators from Washington University and Stanford University identified certain combinations of amino acids at the third, fourth and fifth positions in the protein chain that gave rise to sky-high amounts of protein.

Moreover, the same amino-acid triplets not only ramped up production of green fluorescent protein, which originally comes from jellyfish, but also production of proteins from distantly related species like coral and humans.

The findings could help increase production of proteins not only for medical applications, but in food, agriculture, chemical and other industries.

There are so many ways we could benefit from ramping up protein production, Djuranovic said. In the biomedical space, there are many proteins used in drugs, vaccines, diagnostics and biomaterials for medical devices that might become less expensive if we could improve production. And thats not to mention proteins produced for use in the food industry theres one called chymosin that is very important in cheese-making, for example the chemical industry, bioenergy, scientific research and others. Optimizing protein production could have a broad range of commercial benefits.

Originally published by the School of Medicine

Read the original here:
Scientists find way to supercharge protein production - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

For her masters degree in biotechnology, Pallavi Venkatesh didnt just learn about the latest advances in medical science, she made some too.

Pallavi studied one of the most important tools in modern medicine, the Vaccinia virus, which was used as a vaccine to eradicate smallpox.

I found out that different strains of the virus preference different pathogen-sensing molecules found within immune cells, which is really exciting, she says.

Better understanding how different virus strains are detected by immune cells could help fine-tune its use as a tool against cancers and other viruses in the future.

Our finding was exciting as we found that more than one of these pathogen sensor molecules was involved and that different strains may activate different sensor molecules preferentially.

Pallavi says the coursework components of her Master of Biotechnology (Advanced) at The Australian National University (ANU) gave her the skills she needed to undertake this original research.

I studied genomic sciences, molecular biology and cell biology, which I really enjoyed, she says.

For the research component of her degree, she had the opportunity to be part of an innovative team at The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR).

I did my research under David Tscharke in the Immunology Department, she says.

Working with David was an amazing learning opportunity, he pushes you to be the best you can and provides incredible support.

I also received additional support from members of the lab which helped me through my research year.

Prior to arriving at ANU, Pallavi completed her undergraduate degree at Jyoti Nivas College in Bangalore.

She says that Canberra and living on campus at Toad Hall provided the ideal environment for a postgraduate scholar.

I highly recommend ANU as a place to study, she says. I made lots of new friends here, friends for life.

Inspired by her time at JCSMR, Pallavi is now planning to pursue a career in immunology.

Find out more about how a Master of Biotechnology at ANU can help launch your career in medical, biological or agricultural science.

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Graduating with a master's degree AND a medical discovery - Science at ANU

2019

The World Health Organization and its partners will test the public health effect of immunization in parts of Malawi, Ghana, and Kenya.

From skin color to immunity, human biology is linked to our archaic ancestry.

Research into the biological basis of gender identity is in its infancy, but clues are beginning to emerge.

People whose pupils change more dramatically during a visual perception task tend to score higher on a self-reported scale of autistic traits.

Regularly taking breaks from eatingfor hours or dayscan trigger changes both expected, such as in metabolic dynamics and inflammation, and surprising, as in immune system function and cancer progression.

These institutions join around 60 others that hope to put increasing pressure on the publishing giant in ongoing negotiations for a new nationwide licensing agreement.

Health officials expect the virus to spread to nearly all countries in the Americas and expand warnings for pregnant women.

Critics have harsh words for the Broad Institutes Eric Lander and Cell over a recent perspective piece describing the history of CRISPR.

Researchers who first identified irisin quantitate levels of the hormone in human blood and show it is released during exercise.

Tumor-targeting T-cell therapies are generating remarkable remissions in hard-to-beat cancersand attracting millions of dollars of investment along the way.

Five reasons why scientists should stay out of debates over evolution.

After finally getting their hands on full clinical study reports, independent reviewers say the antiviral drug is ineffective.

After a family friend died of pancreatic cancer, high school sophomore Jack Andraka invented a diagnostic strip that could detect the disease in its early stages.

Female preference may have driven the evolution of human males relatively large genitalia.

The shape of the glass holding your favorite brew can affect how quickly you get drunk.

A roundup of species that made their scientific debut in 2012, and a few that said goodbye as well

Already reeling from a 20-year losing battle with a devastating disease, the banana variety eaten in the United States is now threatened by a newbut oldenemy.

A list of this years most high-profile retractions and controversies in science

Scientific examination of the subject has found that as the use of porn increases, the rate of sex crimes goes down.

Thomson Reuters has released its 2009 Journal Citation Report, cataloging journals impact factors, and shuffling in the top few spots have some analysts scratching their heads.

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Most Popular Stories of the Decade, Year-by-Year - The Scientist

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