Category Archives: Cell Biology

Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses – P&T Community

EMERYVILLE, Calif., March 26, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Today Berkeley Lights, Inc., announced the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) with founding members Dr. James Crowe and Dr. Robert Carnahan at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Dr. Erica Ollman Saphire at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and Dr. Frances Eun-Hyung Lee at Emory University with the aim to accelerate the discovery of neutralizing antibodies from patient blood samples. Processing precious blood samples and fragile cells can be challenging with traditional technologies. The consortium will leverage Berkeley Lights' Beacon platform for antibody discovery using the blood of recovering patients as the foundation for therapeutics, with COVID-19 as a first target.

While researchers around the world are quickly characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ability to screen single B cells expressing a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody remains a significant and time-consuming challenge.The body has billions of B cells. After a patient recovers from SAR-CoV-2, they generate many B cells specific for the virus; however, some B cells will make antibodies that just bind to the virus but are not protective. Hence, finding the special B cells that eliminate or neutralize the virus is exceedingly rare. It is like finding a "needle in a haystack". The existing technologies can only search for binders, not neutralizers so researchers are forced to sequence and re-express the antibody from non-specific B cells wasting significant time and resources. The Beacon system and the viral neutralization assay is designed to address this problem by directly screening single cells for neutralizing function in a single day.

The primary goal of the GEPAD Consortium is to enable the quickest therapeutic response to emerging pathogens. The GEPAD Consortium is requesting that anyone interested in this viral neutralization workflow and advancing the state of the art reach out and join them in forming a defensive barrier worldwide against diseases caused by emerging pathogens. Members will be enabled to rapidly discover potential treatments using small volume blood samples from recovering patientsboth acute and convalescent. The consortium is rapidly iterating and improving the viral neutralization workflow executing on the Berkeley Lights platform and hopes that more collaborators will come forward to participate in fighting this epidemic and be better prepared for the next one.

"We have long sought to study the antiviral capacity of antibodies secreted by single human B cells, but the instruments and protocols for doing those studies didn't exist. Partnering with Berkeley Lights on developing innovative approaches to this single-cell biology task is now becoming a reality," said Dr. James Crowe, MD, Director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center.

"We have developed a specialized survival media for plasma cells and envision the use of it for rapid upfront selection of a rare target monoclonal antibody," said Dr. Lee. "Berkeley Lights together with this consortium will make this method a reality for COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies. We hope this helps in this pandemic to save lives."

"There's an opportunity here to quickly mobilize something that could protect frontline workers or treat those who have been infected," explained Dr. Saphire. "Vaccines aren't available yet. Providing some immediate immunity using antibodies could be lifesaving for those who haven't been vaccinated or can't be vaccinated, or if the eventual vaccines aren't completely protective."

"COVID-19 is a serious threat to our health, our way of life, and the world economy," said Dr. Eric Hobbs, CEO of Berkeley Lights. "We are committed to doing our part by developing assays and workflows that researchers and therapeutic developers can use to rapidly discover antibodies that are key to treatments."

About Vanderbilt University Medical CenterVanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) is one of the nation's largest academic medical centers. As part of its research enterprise, in partnership with the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center is participating in the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA's) Pandemic Protection Platform (P3) program, a five-year cooperative agreement to develop protective antibody treatments that can be rushed to health care providers within 60 days after the outbreak of viral diseases anywhere in the world.

About La Jolla Institute for Immunology La Jolla Institute for Immunology is dedicated to understanding the intricacies and power of the immune system so that we may apply that knowledge to promote human health and prevent a wide range of diseases. Since its founding in 1988 as an independent, nonprofit research organization, the Institute has made numerous advances leading towards its goal: life without disease.

About Emory UniversityEmory University is one of the world's leading research universities. Its mission is to create, preserve, teach and apply knowledge in the service of humanity. The Emory effort is led by Dr. Lee of the Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Division, The Lowance Center for Human Immunology and the Emory Vaccine Center. She contributes culture methods developed in her lab that greatly improve the survival of B cells and plasma cells thereby facilitating the isolation of extremely rare cells producing the antibodies of interest.Dr. Lee's work is supported by NIH, the Lowance Center, Gates Foundation, and the Georgia Research Alliance.

About Berkeley LightsHere at Berkeley Lights, we think cells are awesome! Cells are capable of manufacturing cures for diseases, fibers for clothing, energy in the form of biofuels, and food proteins for nutrition. So the question is, if nature is capable of manufacturing the products we need in a scalable way, why aren't we doing more of this? Well, the answer is that with the solutions available today, it is hard. It takes a long time to find the right cell for a specific job, costs lots of money, and if you have picked a suboptimal cell line, has a very low process yield. Berkeley Lights has the complete solution to find the best cells by functionally screening and recovering individual cells for antibody discovery, cell line development, T cell analysis, and synthetic biology. Our proprietary technology, including the Beacon and Lightning platforms accelerate the rate you can discover and develop cell-based products in a fraction of the time and at a fraction of the cost of conventional, legacy research methods. Using our tools and solutions, scientists can find the best cells, the first time they look. For more information, visit http://www.berkeleylights.com.

Berkeley Lights' Beacon and Lightning systems and Culture Station instrument are:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

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Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses - P&T Community

Inhaling steam will not treat or cure novel coronavirus infection – AFP Factcheck

A video viewed more than 2.4 million times on Facebook urges people to inhale steam to kill the novel coronavirus. But experts say that doing so will not treat or cure the viral infection, and could in fact be harmful.

The video -- a more than 40-minute Facebook live from March 15, 2020 -- features a man whose page identifies him as a sound technician and songwriter. He urges people to boil water in a pot with sea salt and citrus peels, then inhale the steam from it for 15 to 20 minutes.

Im here today to tell yall that I have a cure for the coronavirus, he says, before adding: Well, I wouldnt say a cure, but I, yeah, I have something that kills the coronavirus.

Im giving a coronavirus treatment today. Im helping as many people as I can help. I want yall to share this, I want yall to make this go viral -- Im trying to help some people live, the speaker later says.

The video is accompanied by a disclaimer: THIS IS NOT MEDICAL ADVICE OR A PRESCRIPTION BUT SIMPLY A PERSONAL CLEANSE THAT I USED BASE ON MY CONCLUSION OF THE STUDIES THAT WERE PUBLISHED.

But the video has inspired other people to believe they can cure the disease via this method. A clip viewed tens of thousands of times, archived here and here, shows a woman inhaling steam from a pot that contains orange peels, onion, garlic and iodine salt.

Shes doing the steaming method for the coronavirus, and it is actually working, a person says in the video, adding: So this is the cure for the coronavirus.

The person says the treatment is based on another video playing on a phone -- the Facebook live mentioned above.

But inhaling steam will not cure a novel coronavirus infection.

At the current time, the only way to kill a virus is through antimicrobial cleaning solutions, which should NEVER be inhaled or introduced into the body in any way, Dr. Jason McKnight, Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Primary Care and Population Health at Texas A&M University, told AFP by email.

In general, people may find that inhaling steam during any sort of respiratory illness helps with their symptoms, such as cough, nasal congestion and chest congestion. However, this is only symptomatic relief and it is not a treatment for any viral infection, he said.

And you have the potential to cause real harm to yourself through burns from the heated water vapor to your eyes, face and airways, which if severe enough could cause serious and long-term complications, McKnight said.

Dr. Benjamin Neuman, an expert in coronaviruses who chairs the Biological Sciences department at Texas A&M University-Texarkana, agreed.

The lungs are delicate, and steam is very hot -- not a good mix. Hot steam can and does damage the lungs, and the idea that it could fight a virus that also damages the lungs is just really bad advice, he said by email.

And Dr. Karine Le Roch -- a professor of cell biology at the University of California, Riverside -- said: I really dont think that inhaling steam will treat or cure the infection.

There is no miracle cure, she said by email. Researchers are doing their best to find something quickly but it will take time.

Steam inhalation does not appear on the World Health Organizations page offering advice to the public about the virus, nor on the US Centers for Disease Control and Preventions page on how to protect against the virus, or its page about caring for yourself if you are sick.

The speaker in the Facebook live video also says that heat kills the virus, and that Ill take a blow dryer and put it in my nose to target it -- a method that AFP Fact Check previously found will not treat or cure the virus.

Its really SARS -- theyre not telling yall, the man says at one point. Text accompanying the video refers to the temperature at which heat killed SARS-CoV, but that is another coronavirus that was first reported in 2003.

The novel coronavirus originated in China in late 2019 but it has spread globally, killing 21,000 people, wreaking economic havoc from Asia to Europe and the United States in a public health crisis that governments are struggling to halt.

AFP Fact Check has debunked more than 180 examples of false or misleading information about the novel coronavirus. A complete list of our fact checks on the topic in English can be found here.

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Inhaling steam will not treat or cure novel coronavirus infection - AFP Factcheck

Global Live Cell Imaging Market: Industry Analysis and Forecast (2018-2026) – Stock Market Herald

Global Live Cell Imaging Market was valued at US$ 1.5Bn in 2017 and is expected to reach US$ XX Bn by 2026, at a CAGR of XX% during a forecast period.

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Global Live Cell Imaging Market

Global live cell imaging market is majorly influenced by the growing incidence of chronic diseases and the consistent need for swift diagnostic techniques. Availability of exact and accurate live cell imaging techniques also help in accelerating drug discovery processes and other biotechnology research.

Growth in expenditure and funding for the development of advanced cell imaging is further expected to boost the live cell imaging market in the future. It is also observed that collaborations of market players with research and academic institutions to develop and introduce breakthrough products have recently gained pace. Small players are being increasingly acquired by large incumbents for procurement of breakthrough technologies to secure their stronghold in the market.

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is the most commonly used technique for live cell imaging. The technique has found rapid adoption in genetic targeting peptides and appropriately offers a determination of spatial proximity at a protein level that is not possible through fluorescence microscopy. Rapid introduction of FRET systems with an insight to offer better cell imaging techniques will so determine the major market trends.

Cell biology segment is leading the application owing to the increasing number of researchers working on molecular interaction networks. Innovations, for instance, filter techniques and advanced illumination devices further enable the procedure. Cell biologists use live cell imaging to understand the fundamental cellular structures and their interaction on the tissue level. Benefits are clarity of structural components and spatial heterogeneity of a cell offered by live cell imaging are expected to further boost the market.

North America dominated by market share in 2017 closely followed by Europe. Substantial investments and funding available for research in this field is the key driver in the North America region. The growing adoption of live cell imaging by research laboratories and academic institutions, particularly in the U.S. is one of the major factors driving market growth in this region.

One of the recent acquisition in the industry was done in March 2017 by Sartorius who agreed to buy Essen Bioscience in a transaction worth US$ 320Mn. Essen was energetic in developing equipment, reagents, and software.

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Nikon Corporation Company has strategic partnerships with research groups to gain professional expertise. They have established imaging centers and offer microscopes, automation, software, and support to various institutes, for instance, Harvard Medical School.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, industry-validated market data and projections with a suitable set of assumptions and methodology. The report also helps in understanding Global Live Cell Imaging Market dynamics, structure by identifying and analyzing the market segments and project the global market size.

Further, the report also focuses on the competitive analysis of key players by product, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence. The report also provides PEST analysis, PORTERs analysis, SWOT analysis to address the question of shareholders to prioritizing the efforts and investment in the near future to the emerging segment in the Global Live Cell Imaging Market.Scope of Global Live Cell Imaging Market

Global Live Cell Imaging Market, by Product & Service

Instruments Consumables Software ServicesGlobal Live Cell Imaging Market, by Application

Cell Biology Stem Cells Developmental Biology Drug DiscoverGlobal Live Cell Imaging Market, by End User

Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies Academic & Research Institutes Contract Research OrganizationsGlobal Live Cell Imaging Market, by Region

North America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East and Africa South AmericaKey players operating in Global Live Cell Imaging Market

Danaher Corporation Carl Zeiss AG Nikon Corporation Olympus Corporation Perkinelmer GE Healthcare Bruker Thermo Fisher Scientific Sartorius AG Biotek Instruments Etaluma Cytosmart Technologies Nanoentek

MAJOR TOC OF THE REPORT

Chapter One: Live Cell Imaging Market Overview

Chapter Two: Manufacturers Profiles

Chapter Three: Global Live Cell Imaging Market Competition, by Players

Chapter Four: Global Live Cell Imaging Market Size by Regions

Chapter Five: North America Live Cell Imaging Revenue by Countries

Chapter Six: Europe Live Cell Imaging Revenue by Countries

Chapter Seven: Asia-Pacific Live Cell Imaging Revenue by Countries

Chapter Eight: South America Live Cell Imaging Revenue by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Revenue Live Cell Imaging by Countries

Chapter Ten: Global Live Cell Imaging Market Segment by Type

Chapter Eleven: Global Live Cell Imaging Market Segment by Application

Chapter Twelve: Global Live Cell Imaging Market Size Forecast (2019-2026)

Browse Full Report with Facts and Figures of Live Cell Imaging Market Report at: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-live-cell-imaging-market/28816/

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Uni kit to help with virus tests – Kent Online

With stricter measures now enforced upon the country, staff and students at the University of Kent are doing their bit to try and help with the coronavirus outbreak.

As the bioscience laboratories at the university are now closed, they're lending specialist equipment to hospitals in Kent to help increase the number of coronavirus tests that can be taken, while more than 30 members of staff, academics and PHD students from the biosciences school have also volunteered to help.

KMTV's Kristina Curtis reports on how students and staff at the University of Kent are doing to help tackle the coronavirus outbreak

Prof. Dan Mulvihill, Head of the School of Biosciences at the university said: "Staff, PHD students, researchers and academics have volunteered to give up their time to help in the labs in NHS hospitals.

"We have a variety of people with molecular biology skills, what we're trained to do here, and theyre able to use these skills working alongside NHS workers so we can expand the number of tests that can be done in any one day.

"Weve all been trained in this particular skill set, theres a need for it now and this is the time for us to step up. Were in the privileged position of being able to help and therefore we are."

Dr. Jill Shepherd, a lecturer in stem cell biology at the university, added: "The first thing I think most people in bio-sciences wanted to do is come forward and see what we can do. Its a great opportunity to be able to use the skills that our workforce have, the molecular biology skills that we use to produce great research science every day, to come into the labs to do something to help with something thats happening at the moment.

"Its an interesting time for us, were feeling very privileged to be a part of this and to be able to help with the effort.

"Its one of the positive things that can come out of something like this, people can work together more closely and relationships can be developed further."

The machines that have been lent to the hospitals are Quantitative PCR machines which allow tests to be undertaken to detect if the patients have coronavirus or not. Although hospitals in the county already have access to the machines, having additional ones is hoped to significantly increase the amount of tests that can be carried out each day.

Prof Mulvihill said: "These machines, which we use in our research labs on a daily basis, theyre extremely sensitive so they allow you to detect within samples a trace, or not, of nucleic acid from the virus itself. So we can identify whether or not theyve been infected with a high degree of certainty.

"Our machines will be able to increase the hospitals capacity to fulfil demand in the coming months."All five of the machines are set to be delivered to the hospitals in Kent this week, with the volunteers ready to put their hard-earned skills and research to practice.

The University of Kent is also set to begin working with Imperial College London on a research project to develop antibodies that target the novel coronavirus with the aim of developing a new therapy for COVID-19.

The research project will look to develop a potential antibody therapy, with the aim of progressing the therapy to be ready to for clinical trials. These trials will determine if the developed therapies can treat coronavirus infections including the COVID-19.

For this project, Kent will be working alongside Hong Kong University and the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, as well as Imperial College.

Positive results from this research could include vital breakthroughs in actions against the virus, putting the NHS in a stronger position and providing hope for the pandemics eventual close.

For the latest coronavirus news and advice, click here.

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Uni kit to help with virus tests - Kent Online

Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses – Associated Press

EMERYVILLE, Calif., March 25, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Today Berkeley Lights, Inc., announced the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) with founding members Dr. James Crowe and Dr. Robert Carnahan at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Dr. Erica Ollman Saphire at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and Dr. Frances Eun-Hyung Lee at Emory University with the aim to accelerate the discovery of neutralizing antibodies from patient blood samples. Processing precious blood samples and fragile cells can be challenging with traditional technologies. The consortium will leverage Berkeley Lights Beacon platform for antibody discovery using the blood of recovering patients as the foundation for therapeutics, with COVID-19 as a first target.

While researchers around the world are quickly characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ability to screen single B cells expressing a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody remains a significant and time-consuming challenge. The body has billions of B cells. After a patient recovers from SAR-CoV-2, they generate many B cells specific for the virus; however, some B cells will make antibodies that just bind to the virus but are not protective. Hence, finding the special B cells that eliminate or neutralize the virus is exceedingly rare. It is like finding a needle in a haystack. The existing technologies can only search for binders, not neutralizers so researchers are forced to sequence and re-express the antibody from non-specific B cells wasting significant time and resources. The Beacon system and the viral neutralization assay is designed to address this problem by directly screening single cells for neutralizing function in a single day.

The primary goal of the GEPAD Consortium is to enable the quickest therapeutic response to emerging pathogens. The GEPAD Consortium is requesting that anyone interested in this viral neutralization workflow and advancing the state of the art reach out and join them in forming a defensive barrier worldwide against diseases caused by emerging pathogens. Members will be enabled to rapidly discover potential treatments using small volume blood samples from recovering patientsboth acute and convalescent. The consortium is rapidly iterating and improving the viral neutralization workflow executing on the Berkeley Lights platform and hopes that more collaborators will come forward to participate in fighting this epidemic and be better prepared for the next one.

We have long sought to study the antiviral capacity of antibodies secreted by single human B cells, but the instruments and protocols for doing those studies didnt exist. Partnering with Berkeley Lights on developing innovative approaches to this single-cell biology task is now becoming a reality, said Dr. James Crowe, MD, Director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center.

We have developed a specialized survival media for plasma cells and envision the use of it for rapid upfront selection of a rare target monoclonal antibody, said Dr. Lee. Berkeley Lights together with this consortium will make this method a reality for COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies. We hope this helps in this pandemic to save lives.

Theres an opportunity here to quickly mobilize something that could protect frontline workers or treat those who have been infected, explained Dr. Saphire. Vaccines arent available yet. Providing some immediate immunity using antibodies could be lifesaving for those who havent been vaccinated or cant be vaccinated, or if the eventual vaccines arent completely protective.

COVID-19 is a serious threat to our health, our way of life, and the world economy, said Dr. Eric Hobbs, CEO of Berkeley Lights. We are committed to doing our part by developing assays and workflows that researchers and therapeutic developers can use to rapidly discover antibodies that are key to treatments.

About Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) is one of the nations largest academic medical centers. As part of its research enterprise, in partnership with the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center is participating in the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agencys (DARPAs) Pandemic Protection Platform (P3) program, a five-year cooperative agreement to develop protective antibody treatments that can be rushed to health care providers within 60 days after the outbreak of viral diseases anywhere in the world.

About La Jolla Institute for Immunology La Jolla Institute for Immunology is dedicated to understanding the intricacies and power of the immune system so that we may apply that knowledge to promote human health and prevent a wide range of diseases. Since its founding in 1988 as an independent, nonprofit research organization, the Institute has made numerous advances leading towards its goal: life without disease.

About Emory University Emory University is one of the worlds leading research universities. Its mission is to create, preserve, teach and apply knowledge in the service of humanity. The Emory effort is led by Dr. Lee of the Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Division, The Lowance Center for Human Immunology and the Emory Vaccine Center. She contributes culture methods developed in her lab that greatly improve the survival of B cells and plasma cells thereby facilitating the isolation of extremely rare cells producing the antibodies of interest. Dr. Lees work is supported by NIH, the Lowance Center, Gates Foundation, and the Georgia Research Alliance.

About Berkeley Lights Here at Berkeley Lights, we think cells are awesome! Cells are capable of manufacturing cures for diseases, fibers for clothing, energy in the form of biofuels, and food proteins for nutrition. So the question is, if nature is capable of manufacturing the products we need in a scalable way, why arent we doing more of this? Well, the answer is that with the solutions available today, it is hard. It takes a long time to find the right cell for a specific job, costs lots of money, and if you have picked a suboptimal cell line, has a very low process yield. Berkeley Lights has the complete solution to find the best cells by functionally screening and recovering individual cells for antibody discovery, cell line development, T cell analysis, and synthetic biology. Our proprietary technology, including the Beacon and Lightning platforms accelerate the rate you can discover and develop cell-based products in a fraction of the time and at a fraction of the cost of conventional, legacy research methods. Using our tools and solutions, scientists can find the best cells, the first time they look. For more information, visit http://www.berkeleylights.com.

Berkeley Lights Beacon and Lightning systems and Culture Station instrument are:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

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Berkeley Lights Announces the Global Emerging Pathogen Antibody Discovery Consortium (GEPAD) to Attack COVID-19 and Other Viruses - Associated Press

Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus – BioSpace

The genesig real-time PCR Coronavirus (COVID-2019) CE-IVD assay is validated for use on Bruker-Hain Diagnostics GenoXtract (GXT) automated nucleic acid extraction devices with associated extraction kits. Shipments to Spain, France, Germany and the UK have already started.

The genesig assay has been validated for respiratory samples (nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, sputum) on commonly available laboratory thermocyclers. The kit includes all necessary reagents to produce up to 96 results in under two hours. The genesig assay is designed for very high specificity for the 2019-nCoV virus strain that is implicated in COVID-19. The genesig test is CE-IVD marked and intended for in vitro diagnostic use in Europe.

Graham Mullis, CEO of Novacyt SA, stated: With Bruker we have found a strong distribution partner with a Microbiology & Diagnostics business that has significant reach into a large number of European infectious disease laboratories. This will help to bring our genesig test into laboratories quickly, where its diagnostic results can help to prevent the further spreading of COVID-19.

Dr. Wolfgang Pusch, Executive Vice President Microbiology & Diagnostics at Bruker Daltonics, commented: Bruker is joining the fight against COVID-19. In combination with our validated GenoXtract (GXT) products for nucleic acid extraction, we now offer a solution for preparation and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We have also seen accelerated orders of our MALDI Biotyper systems from Chinese CDC laboratories, e.g. to rule in or out bacterial infections in severe respiratory disease.

About Bruker-Hain Diagnostics

Bruker-Hain Diagnostics is focused on Molecular Diagnostics (MDx) products within Brukers Microbiology & Diagnostics business. Hain Lifescience GmbH is the legal manufacturer of the Fluorocycler XT, MTBDR 2.0 assay and of GXT nucleic acid preparation kits. For more information, please visit, http://www.hain-lifescience.de.

About Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR)

Bruker is enabling scientists to make breakthrough discoveries and develop new applications that improve the quality of human life. Brukers high-performance scientific instruments and high-value analytical and diagnostic solutions enable scientists to explore life and materials at molecular, cellular and microscopic levels. In close cooperation with our customers, Bruker is enabling innovation, improved productivity and customer success in life science molecular research, in applied and pharma applications, in microscopy and nanoanalysis, and in industrial applications, as well as in cell biology, preclinical imaging, clinical phenomics and proteomics research and clinical microbiology. For more information, please visit: http://www.bruker.com.

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Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus - BioSpace

How the discovery of HIV led to a transatlantic research war – PBS NewsHour

As the world struggles to constrain the new coronavirus, COVID-19, its worth remembering the discovery of another deadly, global virus HIV (or Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and a controversy that played out among the researchers who brought it to light.

Since the start of the AIDS epidemic, 32 million people have died from related illnesses and 74.9 million have become infected with HIV. Though the number of deaths has been greatly reduced over the decades, AIDS killed more than 770,000 people and infected 1.7 million people in 2018 alone.

In the 1980s, a virologist named Dr. Robert Gallo was the head of the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. He was a pioneer in the detection of infectious forms of cancer, once called human RNA tumor viruses and now known as retroviruses. Gallo and his team discovered interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which is associated with specific leukemias and lymphomas.

Gallo published a set of four papers in the journal Science in May 1984 that identified a retrovirus they called HTLV-III, a name he initially chose because he considered it to be a relative of the leukemia viruses his lab was studying. HTLV-III is better known today as HIV-I and Gallos papers correctly identified it as the cause of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In the papers, Gallo claimed to have grown the virus in large quantities in their laboratory. Only a year earlier, however, on May 20, 1983, the French virologist Luc Montagnier and his team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, had published a paper in Science identifying a retrovirus they called Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV), which they isolated from a patient with AIDS.

Soon after the Gallo papers were published, DNA analyses demonstrated that the American HIV virus and the French LAV virus were the same. What followed was a loud whisper campaign suggesting that Gallo somehow acquired the Montagnier virus by nefarious means, and used it as his own.

Matters came to a head after the development of an HIV-antibody test a huge advance in an era where we hardly understood AIDS and doctors were not yet able to precisely identify who was at risk and who was infected. The test was created at the NIH and there were great financial rewards in the offing. But who was entitled to the patent? The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Gallo) or Frances Pasteur Institute (Montagnier), or both?

To challenge the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services patent on the clinical HIV lab test, the Pasteur Institute filed a lawsuit in December 1985. The volume on this ugly war was finally dialed down in 1987 by the President Ronald Reagan and French President Franois Mitterrand, with a formal agreement to divide the scientific credit and patent royalties from all HIV work and the blood test that detected it.

The National Institutes of Health conducted an investigation and exonerated Gallo of any charges of wrongdoing, as well as proving that Gallo and his colleagues had many isolates of HIV from their own work. Yet there was a huge but to the official report: One of the samples found in the Gallo labs viral archives for 1983-1985 did originate from the Montagnier lab, which was requested by the Gallo lab and sent to them from Paris. The sample contained two viruses (it was a virus from one patient who had somehow contaminated a virus sample from another patient). Hence the sample the Montangier lab sent and that the Gallo lab was studied was actually a pooled culture. The Gallo lab admitted to inadvertently using the Montagnier sample in their pathbreaking work.

Both Gallo and Montagnier later agreed to share the title of co-discovers of the virus and they wrote several papers together describing their work in Science (Dec. 29, 2002) and the New England Journal of Medicine (Dec. 11, 2003).

For his share of the work, Gallo won the prestigious Lasker Award in 1986 (his second, having won it in 1982 for his work on retroviruses). Thereafter, the murmurings in hospitals and laboratories across the United States was that it would not be long before Stockholm called with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

But when the call came in the fall of 2008, it was only for Luc Montagnier. He shared the 2008 Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Franoise Barr-Sinoussi, who worked with him at the Pasteur Institute on HIV and with Harald zur Hausen, the discoverer of the human papillomavirus (HPV).

The scientific world was shocked to learn that the Nobel Committee snubbed Gallos work, but because those archival records are locked up until 2058, we will not know the precise argument behind this decision until most of us have shuffled off this mortal coil. Some have speculated it may have been the controversy over how Gallo obtained his viral samples that repelled the prize committee; others, more cynically, have described it as a popularity contest and that Gallo was disliked by those who had the power to grant the prize.

The old sports television series Wide World of Sports used to begin with its catch phrase: the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat. Those nine pithy words may describe the career of Gallo, whose birthday we celebrate this week. As Montagnier said when he won his Nobel Prize, It was very important to prove that HIV was the cause of AIDS, and Gallo had a very important role in that. Im very sorry for Robert Gallo.

In the broader scope of history, however, Gallos great contribution to science and society overshadows any scandal.

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How the discovery of HIV led to a transatlantic research war - PBS NewsHour

Scores of data released on coronavirus – Washington Times

The coronavirus pandemic has prompted colleges, think tanks, medical journals and governments to release scores of stats and studies some good, while others fail peer review.

The research touches on comparative death counts, the sneezing range of nose droplets, cigarettes and how long the deadly virus can last on a piece of plastic such as a bottle or shopping bag.

The problem with the media is the mindless reporting of cases, as more testing means more cases, most of which are asymptomatic, Steve Milloy, who researches for the Junk Science website, told The Washington Times. A lot of hysteria, not much good data.

Indeed, as more people are being tested in America, the case load is expanding and the mortality rate is dropping, to .012% from more than 3%.

Some recent scientific findings:

As the U.S. death toll approaches 1,000, The New York Times and other liberal media paint the U.S. mortality rate as near the top globally.

Not really, according to a chart created by Our World in Data at Oxford University. Founder Mark Roser crunched the mortality rate numbers on a per-capita basis, per million people, a statistic not produced by most raw data web sites. The U.S. has about 2 deaths per million, while Italy has more than 80, Spain has nearly 40 and France has 10.

Italys imposed isolation on March 9 appears to have reduced the countrys case growth rate, according to an article Tuesday in The Lancet medical journal. Before, experts estimated there would be 30,000 infections by March 15. Actual number for that date: 24,747.

We urge all countries to acknowledge the Italian lesson and to immediately adopt very restrictive measures to limit viral diffusion, ensure appropriate health-system response, and reduce mortality, which appears to be higher than previously estimated, with a crude case-fatality rate of almost 4%, the article said.

Press reports consistently say the elderly are at the highest risk from COVID-19. A study on Italys outbreak, with an epicenter the in Lombardy region, confirms this to the extreme.

According to the Italian National Institute of Healths website Epicentro, the countrys 5,019 non-health care worker death toll is almost all seniors: Age 60-69, 11%; age 70-79, 35%; age 80-89, 40%; and 90 and older, 9%. No deaths were reported for 29 years old and younger.

The New England Journal of Medicine put out a scary report. The coronavirus can live for hours on certain surfaces, with up to a 72-hour span on everyday plastic.

But Carolyn Machamer, a professor of cell biology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, says the study exaggerates.

Whats getting a lot of press and is presented out of context is that the virus can last on plastic for 72 hours, which sounds really scary, Ms. Machamer told the school. But whats more important is the amount of the virus that remains. Its less than 0.1% of the starting virus material. Infection is theoretically possible but unlikely at the levels remaining after a few days. People need to know this.

The same New England Journal study said COVID-19 droplets can remain in the air for several hours.

Dr. Machamer rebuts this. The New England Journal researchers used an aerosol spray, which produces a finer mist than the liquid from a cough or sneeze that falls to the ground.

While the New England Journal of Medicine study found that the COVID virus can be detected in the air for 3 hours, in nature, respiratory droplets sink to the ground faster than the aerosols produced in this study, she said. The experimental aerosols used in labs are smaller than what comes out of a cough or sneeze, so they remain in the air at face-level longer than heavier particles would in nature.

A Viewpoint article in The Journal of Clinical Investigation promotes antibodies as an immediate preventive measure or therapy for the sick. But as therapy, the serum must be injected soon after the infection is diagnosed.

This Viewpoint argues that human convalescent serum is an option for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease that could be rapidly available when there are sufficient numbers of people who have recovered and can donate immunoglobulin-containing serum, wrote Arturo Casadevall and Liise-anne Pirofski, both of the Johns Hopkins Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a Trump administration point-man on COVID-19, has said that antibodies stand today as the most promising viral treatment.

Drs. Casadevaill and Pirofski explain: Passive antibody therapy involves the administration of antibodies against a given agent to a susceptible individual for the purpose of preventing or treating an infectious disease due to that agent. In contrast, active vaccination requires the induction of an immune response that takes time to develop and varies depending on the vaccine recipient. Thus, passive antibody administration is the only means of providing immediate immunity to susceptible persons.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization agree that the first two signs of infections are a fever and dry cough.

Now the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology has added a new symptom: lost sense of taste.

In a Sky News report, the association of ear, nose and throat physicians said: We have also identified a new symptom (loss of sense of smell and taste) that may mean that people without other symptoms but with just the loss of this sense may have to self-isolate again to reduce the spread of the virus.

Professor Nirmal Kumarm said: In young patients, they do not have any significant symptoms such as the cough and fever but they may have just the loss of sense of smell and taste, which suggests that these viruses are lodging in the nose.

An article posted Wednesday in the publication New Science points to a new study by Jeffrey Shaman at Columbia University. He purports to document the spread of COVID-19 in China in January, the month the virus went, as they say, viral.

Mr. Shaman looked at the spread between Jan. 10 and Jan. 23 and concluded that the infected who had no or mild symptoms, or 86%, created the lions share of infected.

New Science wrote: Such undocumented cases are still contagious and the study found them to be the source of most of the viruss spread in China before the restrictions came in. Even though these people were only 55 percent as contagious as people with symptoms, the study found that they were the source of 79 per cent of further infections, due to there being more of them, and the higher likelihood that they were out and about.

A new study in The American Journal of Gastroenterology reported March 20 on a new COVID-19 symptom that might be the most important: diarrhea.

Researchers looked at early cases in Wuhan, China, and found that 99 of 204 infected residents first had symptoms of gastrointestinal distress before fever and coughing. And they had a higher incidence of mortality.

Contrarian news for cigarette smokers: A research article in the European Journal of Internal Medicine said there was no link between Chinese smokers and the severity of their COVID-19.

China is a smokers holiday with more than 50% of men puffing away, while fewer than 2% of women light up. Because the virus death rate is higher for men, a suspect factor is cigarettes.

Researchers looked at patients with severe disease and found no difference in non- and active smokers.

In conclusion, they wrote. The results of this preliminary meta-analysis based on Chinese patients suggest that active smoking does not apparently seem to be significantly associated with enhanced risk of progressing towards severe disease in COVID-19.

Junk Sciences Mr. Milloy said of all the scholarship: If you are looking for useful facts, you arent likely to find any anytime soon. Sick and vulnerable people should stay home. The Democrat-owned and operated public health community should be reamed on this. Those are my facts.

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Scores of data released on coronavirus - Washington Times

Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus – Yahoo Finance

Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR) today announced a distribution agreement with Primer Design Ltd (UK), a subsidiary of Novacyt SA, for Bruker-Hain Diagnostics to distribute the CE-IVD-labeled genesig real-time PCR coronavirus (COVID-2019) assay, effective immediately. Bruker-Hain Diagnostics has a portfolio of DNA/RNA extraction and preparation systems and kits.

The genesig real-time PCR Coronavirus (COVID-2019) CE-IVD assay is validated for use on Bruker-Hain Diagnostics GenoXtract (GXT) automated nucleic acid extraction devices with associated extraction kits. Shipments to Spain, France, Germany and the UK have already started.

The genesig assay has been validated for respiratory samples (nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, sputum) on commonly available laboratory thermocyclers. The kit includes all necessary reagents to produce up to 96 results in under two hours. The genesig assay is designed for very high specificity for the 2019-nCoV virus strain that is implicated in COVID-19. The genesig test is CE-IVD marked and intended for in vitro diagnostic use in Europe.

Graham Mullis, CEO of Novacyt SA, stated: "With Bruker we have found a strong distribution partner with a Microbiology & Diagnostics business that has significant reach into a large number of European infectious disease laboratories. This will help to bring our genesig test into laboratories quickly, where its diagnostic results can help to prevent the further spreading of COVID-19."

Dr. Wolfgang Pusch, Executive Vice President Microbiology & Diagnostics at Bruker Daltonics, commented: "Bruker is joining the fight against COVID-19. In combination with our validated GenoXtract (GXT) products for nucleic acid extraction, we now offer a solution for preparation and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We have also seen accelerated orders of our MALDI Biotyper systems from Chinese CDC laboratories, e.g. to rule in or out bacterial infections in severe respiratory disease."

About Bruker-Hain Diagnostics

Bruker-Hain Diagnostics is focused on Molecular Diagnostics (MDx) products within Brukers Microbiology & Diagnostics business. Hain Lifescience GmbH is the legal manufacturer of the Fluorocycler XT, MTBDR 2.0 assay and of GXT nucleic acid preparation kits. For more information, please visit, http://www.hain-lifescience.de.

About Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR)

Bruker is enabling scientists to make breakthrough discoveries and develop new applications that improve the quality of human life. Brukers high-performance scientific instruments and high-value analytical and diagnostic solutions enable scientists to explore life and materials at molecular, cellular and microscopic levels. In close cooperation with our customers, Bruker is enabling innovation, improved productivity and customer success in life science molecular research, in applied and pharma applications, in microscopy and nanoanalysis, and in industrial applications, as well as in cell biology, preclinical imaging, clinical phenomics and proteomics research and clinical microbiology. For more information, please visit: http://www.bruker.com.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200324005721/en/

Contacts

Investor Contact: Miroslava MinkovaDirector of Investor Relations and Corporate DevelopmentT: +1 (978) 6633660, ext. 1479E: miroslava.minkova@bruker.com

Contact for Media and Customers: Philip PerryBruker DaltonicsT: +49-172-313-7216E: Philip.Perry@bruker.com

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Bruker Announces Launch of CE-IVD Marked genesig Assay Kit for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus - Yahoo Finance

A new AI system has enabled the discovery of a novel role for ‘smell-sensing’ genes in colon cancer – Healthcare IT News

Humans havearound400olfactorysmell-sensing genes the largest gene familyin humansthat are turnedon in the noseand other parts of the body, allowing us to smell at least one trillion different odours.Up until now, the role of theseolfactorygenes outside the nose has been largely unknown.

A recent study, published in Molecular Systems Biology, usedmultiple layers of artificial intelligence (AI) toidentifythesegenes involved inthe organisation ofcolon cancer cells. Thisrevealed thatsmell-sensinggenescancontribute to this cancer-associated processalong with keycoloncancer genesandhighlighted their potential role indisease spread andprognosis.

The discoverywas enabled by thedevelopmentof an innovativeAI system, calledKnowledge-and Context-driven Machine Learning (KCML)that enables researchers to studymicroscopy imagesin greater detail to understand more about the function of genes in specific context. KCML has first been applied to colon cancerbut is widely applicable in other diseases too.

The researchers usedcomputer vision algorithm to detect changes in cell appearance and organisation. The algorithm was fed information from robotic microscopy, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Zurich, to image millions of colon cancer cells.By reducing the expression of the smelling genes within these cells, they were able to understand more about the role they play in carcinogenesis.

Expression is whengenes are activated to produce certain proteinsand molecules. Researchers in this study found that reducing the expression of smell-sensing genes in colon cancer cells, a process known as perturbation,can inhibit cells from spreading, potentially by restraining the ability of cells to move. The same behaviour is also observed in the perturbation of key cancer genes.

Dr Heba Sailem,Sir Henry Wellcome Research Fellow at theInstitute of Biomedical Engineering in the UK, alead author on the study,explained: With all this big imaging data, we have a powerfulmeans tobetter understand how every single gene contributes to cancer cell behaviour. I have developed an AI system that is guided by prior knowledge of gene function that allows us to learn much more from this data than would be possible using existing methods.

When humans look atcomplex scenes, theyinterpret the images in light of their previous experience and visual memories (prior knowledge). However, computersjust seeimages asalargematrix of numbers, they will not see shapes and structures.Computer vision is about training the computer to see whatthe human can see. Through AI, we are able to identifyhow turning genes off affectsthe characteristics, shape and structureof cells and tissue. Usually, it is a very lengthy process for humans to interpret numbers from thousands of images, each with thousands of cells.Computer vision can achieve that in a few days,she added.

Dr Sailemswork has focussed on studying cells in culture, and the next step will beto link these findingsthroughto real patient data. She is also keen to apply her AI modelto study the behaviour of genes indifferent cancers, including prostrate, breast and lung.

WHY IT MATTERS

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK and the second most common cause of cancer deaths.

Professor Mark Lawler, chair in translational cancer genomics, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast and Bowel Cancer UK medical advisor,welcomed the application of the new AI model in colorectal cancer, commenting the study showed the power of data in revealing new mechanisms.

One of the biggest challenges in colorectal cancer is metastasis. This is the point at which most patients die. Something that tells us more about that and maybe indicates how this could be controlled is verypromising, he added.

Dr Sailem explained:Cancer is not one disease - itcan be classified intomany diseases depending ontissue type and origin. Wecan takecellsfrom diseased tissueand look at what the genes in theseparticular cellsare doing. We can then identify genes to target for therapy or genesfor which targeted therapies already exist.

THE LARGER TREND

AIand machine learningis increasingly being used to acceleratethe development oftargeted therapies in cancer and other diseases, with leading technology and pharmaceuticalcompanies forming high profile partnerships in recent months.

One such collaboration between Novartis and Microsoft was announced in October to transform medicine with AI. Vas Narasimhan, CEO of Novartis, said, As Novartis continues evolving into a focused medicines company powered by advanced therapy platforms and data science, alliances like this will help us deliver on our purpose to reimagine medicine to improve and extend lives. Pairing our deep knowledge of human biology and medicine with Microsofts leading expertise in AI could transform the way we discover and develop medicines for the world.

ON THE RECORD

Professor Tim Maughan,professor of clinical oncology at the University of Oxford and advisor to Bowel Cancer UK,saidDr Sailemsstudy linked to his own research into howcellswithin tumourstalkto each other.

He said: What they say to each other is determined by molecular make up but also by the conversation going on between the cells. The shape that the cellshave, theway that theyareorganised, the distance they are apart, how close the immune cells get into the cancer,is all a result of the conversation going on between the different cell types within a cancer

DrSailemin this study has found that inadditiontoidentifyingwhole new genes which are important in bowel cancer, she has also picked up that genes that are part of thatolfactorysmell system play a part of this conversation.

Commentingon the research, Professor Lawler said:It is saying something about why there areolfactorygenes in other parts of the body and how they might be responding to the microbiome in the gut. It will be interesting to see what stimulates these genes to upregulate or down regulate in their environment. From there we may be able to identify important biomarkers.

He added: Big data for better health makes sense. You can use that data to change lives, diagnose patients earlier, develop better treatment and improve their quality of life and above all, data can really save lives.

For more information on bowel cancer go to http://www.bowelcanceruk.org.uk.

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A new AI system has enabled the discovery of a novel role for 'smell-sensing' genes in colon cancer - Healthcare IT News