Category Archives: Cell Biology

Cell Biology

Single Cell Multi-Omics Market to Witness Robust Expansion by 2025 – Cole of Duty

Market Research Vision announces addition of new report Single Cell Multi-Omics Market Report: Regional Data Analysis by Production, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, and Forecast to 2025 to its database.

The Report on Covid-19 Impact on Single Cell Multi-Omics Market which provide detailed study of impact of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the historical and present/future market data.

The Single Cell Multi-OmicsMarket globally is a standout among st the most emergent and astoundingly approved sectors. This worldwide market has been developing at a higher pace with the development of imaginative frameworks and a developing end-client tendency.The worldwide Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket is an enlarging field for . This report gives an exhaustive appraisal of the Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket driving components, which are perceived reliant on the requests of end-client, variable changes in the market, preventive components, and administrative understanding.

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Major Manufacturer Detail:, 10x Genomics, 1CellBio, MissionBio, NanoString Technologies, Fluidigm Corporation, Fluxion Biosciences, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Celsee, BGI Genomics, GE LifeSciences, Illumina, Takara Bio, QIAGEN N.V.

Product Types Detail: Single Cell Genomics, Single Cell Proteomics, Single Cell Transcriptomics, Single Cell Metabolomics, ),

Major Application Oncology, Cell Biology, Neurology, Immunology, Others),

The Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket is the cornerstone of the general improvement conditions and desires, as the development of a specific idea needs different analysis, activities, estimates, and philosophies mechanically.

We conveyed a point by point outline of the whole key Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket players who have significant score concerning demand, revenue, and deals through their solid administrations. The global Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket report illustrates the profound outline of existing developments, particulars, parameter, and creation. The Single Cell Multi-Omicsmarket likewise conveys a total survey of the money related exciting ride in regards to request rate and satisfaction extents.

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Regional Overview

The report also provides exhaustive PEST analysis for all five regions namely; North America, Europe, APAC, MEA and South America after evaluating political, economic, social and technological factors affecting the market in these regions.

Market Research Visionhas been compiled in-depth market research data in the report after exhaustive primary and secondary research. Our team of able, experienced in-house analysts has collated the information through personal interviews and study of industry databases, journals, and reputable paid sources.

Comparative Analysis:

The report also includes the profiles of key Single Cell Multi-Omics Market companies along with their SWOT analysis and market strategies. In addition, this report discusses the key drivers influencing market growth, opportunities, the challenges and the risks faced by key manufacturers and the market as a whole. It also analyzes key emerging trends and their impact on present and future development.

Research objectives

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Single Cell Multi-Omics Market to Witness Robust Expansion by 2025 - Cole of Duty

Cell Biology

Infection Researchers Identify How Coronaviruses From Animals Need to Change to Spread to Humans – SciTechDaily

(A) Schematic representation of SARS-CoV-2, the viral spike protein and the cleavage sites for furin (green, S1/S2 position; the cleavage sequence is shown below the protein structure) and TMPRSS2 (orange, S2 position). (B) First, in already infected cells, the enzyme furin cuts the spike protein at the S1/S2 site. The spike protein then mediates viral attachment to a new host cell. In order to efficiently enter the cell, the spike protein still needs to be activated by the enzyme TMPRSS2. Activation by TMPRSS2 is only possible if the spike protein has previously been cleaved by furin. Credit: Markus Hoffmann

Infection researchers from the German Primate Center identify starting points for vaccine development and therapy.

The SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects lung cells and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The viral spike protein mediates entry of the virus into host cells and harbors an unusual activation sequence. The Infection Biology Unit of the German Primate Center (DPZ) Leibniz Institute for Primate Research has now shown that this sequence is cleaved by the cellular enzyme furin and that the cleavage is important for the infection of lung cells. These results define new starting points for therapy and vaccine research. In addition, they provide information on how coronaviruses from animals need to change in order to be able to spread in the human population (Molecular Cell).

Prof. Stefan Phlmann, Head of the Infection Biology Unit at the German Primate Center. Credit: Karin Tilch

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been transmitted from animals to humans and is spreading worldwide. It causes the new lung disease COVID-19, which has already killed over 200,000 people. The spike protein on the virus surface serves as a key for the virus to enter host cells. It facilitates viral attachment to cells and fuses the viral with a cellular membrane, thereby allowing the virus to deliver its genome into the cell, which is essential for viral replication. For this, activation sequences of the spike protein need to be cleaved by cellular enzymes, called proteases. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 carries an activation sequence at the so-called S1/S2 cleavage site, which is similar to those observed in highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, but which has so far not been found in viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2. The importance of this sequence for the virus was so far unknown.

In their current study, the infection biologists of the German Primate Center led by Markus Hoffmann and Stefan Phlmann were able to show that the S1/S2 activation sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is cleaved by the cellular protease furin and that this cleavage event is essential for the infection of lung cells. It is also important for the fusion of infected cells with non-infected cells, which might allow the virus to spread in the body without leaving the host cell.

Our results suggest that inhibition of furin should block the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung, says Stefan Phlmann, head of the Infection Biology Unit at DPZ. Furthermore, our present study and previous work demonstrate that the virus uses a two-step activation mechanism: In infected cells, the spike protein has to be cleaved by the protease furin so that newly formed viruses can then use the protease TMPRSS2 for further cleavage of the spike protein, which is important for the entry into lung cells.

Dr. Markus Hoffmann, scientist at the Infection Biology Unit of the German Primate Center. Credit: Karin Tilch

For a live attenuated vaccine to trigger a strong immune response, it has to be able to replicate in the body to a limited extent, for example locally at the site of injection. SARS-CoV-2 variants, in which the activation sequence for furin has been removed, could be used as a basis for the development of such live attenuated vaccines, since the lack of cleavage of the spike protein should greatly limit the spread of the virus in the body. A sufficiently attenuated virus would no longer be able to cause disease, but would still enable the immune system to react to the pathogen and, for example, produce neutralizing antibodies, says Markus Hoffmann, first author of the study.

In wildlife, especially bats, a large number of coronaviruses that are closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 has been discovered over the past 20 years. However, so far an S1/S2 activation sequence that can be cleaved by furin has only been detected in SARS-CoV-2. Wildlife sampling and the targeted search for coronaviruses with a focus on the S1/S2 activation sequence is necessary to identify those viruses that have the potential to infect and efficiently spread in humans. In addition, in the case of potential future coronavirus outbreaks, we should specifically analyze the S1/S2 cleavage site as it might serve as a marker for human-to-human transmissibility, says Markus Hoffmann.

Reference: A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells by Markus Hoffmann,Hannah Kleine-Weber and Stefan Phlmann, 1 May 2020, Molecular Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.022

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Infection Researchers Identify How Coronaviruses From Animals Need to Change to Spread to Humans - SciTechDaily

Cell Biology

Number of Shares and Voting Rights of Innate Pharma as at May 1, 2020 – GlobeNewswire

Pursuant to the article L. 233-8 II of the French Code de Commerce and the article 223-16 of the French stock-market authorities (Autorit des Marchs Financiers, or AMF) charter, Innate Pharma SA (the Company - Euronext Paris: FR0010331421 IPH; Nasdaq: IPHA) releases its total number of shares outstanding as well as its voting rights as at May 1, 2020:

7,581 Preferred Shares 2017

Total number of exercisable voting rights (2):

79,698,670

(1) The total number of theoretical voting rights (or gross voting rights) is used as the basis for calculating the crossing of shareholding thresholds. In accordance with Article 223-11 of the AMF General Regulation, this number is calculated on the basis of all shares to which voting rights are attached, including shares whose voting rights have been suspended. The total number of theoretical voting rights includes (i) voting rights attached to AGAP 2016 (Preferred Shares 2016), i.e. 130 voting rights for the AGAP 2016-1 and 111 voting rights for the AGAP 2016-2 and (ii) voting rights attached to AGAP 2017, i.e. 1 voting right per AGAP 2017.

(2) The total number of exercisable voting rights (or net voting rights) is calculated without taking into account the shares held in treasury by the Company, with suspended voting rights. It is released so as to ensure that the market is adequately informed, in accordance with the recommendation made by the AMF on July 17, 2007.

About Innate Pharma:

Innate Pharma S.A. is a commercial stage oncology-focused biotech company dedicated to improving treatment and clinical outcomes for patients through therapeutic antibodies that harness the immune system to fight cancer.

Innate Pharmas commercial-stage product, Lumoxiti, in-licensed from AstraZeneca in the US, EU and Switzerland, was approved by the FDA in September 2018. Lumoxiti is a first-in class specialty oncology product for hairy cell leukemia. Innate Pharmas broad pipeline of antibodies includes several potentially first-in-class clinical and preclinical candidates in cancers with high unmet medical need.

Innate has been a pioneer in the understanding of natural killer cell biology and has expanded its expertise in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-antigens, as well as antibody engineering. This innovative approach has resulted in a diversified proprietary portfolio and major alliances with leaders in the biopharmaceutical industry including Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, and a multi-products collaboration with AstraZeneca.

Based in Marseille, France, Innate Pharma is listed on Euronext Paris and Nasdaq in the US.

Learn more about Innate Pharma at http://www.innate-pharma.com

Information about Innate Pharma shares:

Disclaimer:

This press release contains certain forward-looking statements, including those within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.The use of certain words, including believe, potential, expect and will and similar expressions, is intended to identify forward-looking statements.Although the company believes its expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including related to safety, progression of and results from its ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, review and approvals by regulatory authorities of its product candidates, the Companys commercialization efforts, the Companys continued ability to raise capital to fund its development and the overall impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the global healthcare system as well as the Companys business, financial condition and results of operations.For an additional discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause the company's actual results, financial condition, performance or achievements to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors (Facteurs de Risque) section of the Universal Registration Document filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF), which is available on the AMF website http://www.amf-france.org or on Innate Pharmas website, and public filings and reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including the Companys Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, and subsequent filings and reports filed with the AMF or SEC, or otherwise made public, by the Company.

This press release and the information contained herein do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy or subscribe to shares in Innate Pharma in any country.

For additional information, please contact:

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Number of Shares and Voting Rights of Innate Pharma as at May 1, 2020 - GlobeNewswire

Cell Biology

Cell therapies trial planned for COVID-19 – Mirage News

More than 200,000 people have died from COVID-19 since January 2020. While Australia has been relatively spared from the onslaught of infections and deaths, our nations scientists need to be part of the global effort to address this pandemic.

Research Group Head, Amnion Cell Biology

There is no effective treatment to address the ongoing damage caused by for severe COVID-19 infections, said Associate Professor Rebecca Lim, Research Group Head of Amnion Cell Biology at Hudson Institute. Our team is investigating whether a cell therapy can be effective.

Amniotic epithelial cells (amnion cells) are from the amniotic sac which surrounds a baby during pregnancy. They have stem cell-like properties and can grow into many cell types. Most importantly, they have potent effects on inflammation and tissue damage.

A/Prof Lim and Professor Euan Wallace (Clinical Director, The Ritchie Centre) are developing a clinical trial to investigate whether these cells can help treat patients with COVID-19.

The team is working closely with intensivists at Monash Healths Intensive Care Unit to deliver a Phase 1b/2a clinical trial for COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospitalisation.

The goal of the trial is to determine if allogeneic amniotic epithelial cells are an effective therapy for severe COVID-19 complications. Specifically, the trial will test whether the cells can significantly reduce the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 infection, encourage lung tissue to repair, and reduce the incidence of blood clotting and subsequent multi-organ complications including strokes, liver and kidney failure.

We have already shown that the allogeneic amniotic epithelial cells are safe and well-tolerated in extremely premature neonates and acutely unwell adults. So far, we have observed improvements in adult patients with liver disease and severe stroke. This points to the likely benefits for patients with COVID-19. These cells may also reduce the incidence and severity of the disease damage caused by blood clotting in tissues, A/Prof Lim said.

This project involves a partnership between Hudson Institute, Monash Health and Monash University-a team that leads the way in Victoria in cell therapy clinical trials targeting inflammation and regenerative medicine.

Victoria is perfectly placed to deliver a cell therapy treatment for COVID-19, A/Prof Lim said.

However, the trial requires funding.

The other trials using our cell-based therapies are in

Original post:
Cell therapies trial planned for COVID-19 - Mirage News

Cell Biology

Scientists are exploring to find the ‘Achilles heel’ of coronavirus – News-Medical.Net

Coronavirus, or more exactly SARS-CoV-2, has the world in its grip. How does the virus manage to bind to cells in the human body? How does it gain entry to the cell? How does it hijack the cell's machinery to make it help to replicate the viral genome?

Scientists around the world are working hard to answer these questions. They hope to discover the 'Achilles heel' of the virus as a target for new drugs to block the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Although scientists already know a lot about the virus they still lack detailed knowledge in many areas.

Andrea Thorn and her team aim to provide these missing details. Together they form the "Coronavirus Structural Task Force" - an international network of experts in the field of structural biology.

Their goal is to validate our existing knowledge of the molecular structures of coronavirus and to fill knowledge gaps - or as she puts it: "To get the as much as possible out of the data".

Dr. Thorn, how large are the gaps in our knowledge about the coronavirus that is causing the current pandemic? "Unfortunately, much is still unknown. We are still in the dark about many things that happen at the atomic level.

However, we do know, for example, that the viral genome encodes 28 proteins that fulfill different tasks when attacking the host cell. They suppress the immune system or reprogram the cell to replicate the virus.

But we only know the structures of about half of these 28 proteins - and molecular structures are crucial in identifying and developing potential drug targets. In addition, the virus interacts with around 150 other proteins from the host cell, but we know very little about these interactions."

As their name suggests, structural biologists work to decipher and visualise the exact structure of large biological molecules, such as proteins, at the atomic level.

The synchrotron measurements they use do not produce images in the traditional sense. Instead they deliver huge amounts of data, and it is the job of the structural biologists to create three-dimensional molecular models from these data.

Bioinformaticians and computational chemists can then use computers to virtually screen these structures against thousands of substances to look for potential active agents that could bind to the respective molecules and block them. In addition, scientists use the structures to draw conclusions about the function of the proteins, for example, how they infect host cells.

Research in this field is gaining momentum as the novel coronavirus continues to spread. Each week, Andrea Thorn and her team are supplied with information about new structures which they computationally. At the same time, they sift through existing data, check their validity or improve existing structural solutions.

Coronaviruses, and the SARS virus in particular, are not new discoveries. In 2002/2003, a SARS virus triggered a pandemic that killed almost 800 people worldwide. After the number of new infections had decreased significantly in the summer of 2003, the WHO declared the pandemic over on 19 May 2004.

Dr. Thorn, the coronavirus we are dealing with today is not entirely new. Is this advantageous for your work?

"The two SARS coronaviruses are actually very similar in their genome and molecular structures. The fact that the progression of the disease and spread are so fundamentally different is due to their subtle differences. So, we are working hard to identify those differences at the structural level. Unfortunately, SARS virus research was cut back again after the pandemic ended 15 years ago. If the research activities had been continued, we might already have an effective drug for treatment available today."

Andrea Thorn wants to research such a drug in the near future. Together with colleagues from Lbeck and Berlin, she has applied to the Federal Ministry of Education and Research for funding.

The team has its focus on one particular protease - an enzyme from the coronavirus that enables replication in the host cell. The scientists hope that drug screening will help them identify a substance that inhibits this protease. This would prevent the virus from making more copies of itself.

Andrea Thorn cannot say when the coronavirus pandemic will be over. But she has a clear picture of what the future after the coronavirus crisis will look like from a scientific point of view:

"Already in the few weeks since the task force was established, we have seen the different working groups band together. Structural biologists and modelling experts have come together to build a new knowledge base and to improved their methods. These experiences can be transferred to future projects."

Andrea Thorn studied Molecular Science at the University of Erlangen and subsequently earned her doctorate at the University of Gttingen.

Her academic career has taken her to Cambridge, Oxford and the University of Hamburg. Since 2019, she has been an associate group leader at the Rudolf Virchow Center of the University of Wrzburg as part of Professor Hermann Schindelin's research group. Her group develops methods and software to extract structures from experimental data.

Andrea Thorn launched the Coronavirus Structural Task Force shortly after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the new coronavirus a pandemic. Using the combined knowledge and skills of structural biology, she wants to help stop the virus.

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Scientists are exploring to find the 'Achilles heel' of coronavirus - News-Medical.Net

Cell Biology

Protein Assay Market 2020: Reporting And Evaluation Of Recent Industry Developments 2027 – Cole of Duty

The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is impacting society and the overall economy across the world. The impact of this pandemic is growing day by day as well as affecting the supply chain. The COVID-19 crisis is creating uncertainty in the stock market, massive slowing of supply chain, falling business confidence, and increasing panic among the customer segments. The overall effect of the pandemic is impacting the production process of several industries including Life science Industry, and many more. Trade barriers are further restraining the demand- supply outlook. As government of different regions have already announced total lockdown and temporarily shutdown of industries, the overall production process being adversely affected; thus, hinder the overall Protein Assay market globally. This report on Protein Assay market provides the analysis on impact on Covid-19 on various business segments and country markets. The report also showcase market trends and forecast to 2027, factoring the impact of Covid -19 Situation.

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Protein assay is a method used for quick and inexpensive method to detect the concentration of proteins. Protein assays are among the widely used methods in the field of life science research. Estimating protein concentration is an essential part in electrophoresis, cell biology, protein purification, molecular biology, and various other research applications. Protein assay works mostly on the principle of color change i.e. colorimetric assay and use of standard protein such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Presence of various established market players and rising investment in the field of biotechnological and pharmaceutical R&D activities is considered to propel the growth of the market in the future years. Emerging applications of protein assay along with rise in demand for cost effective methods for clinical diagnosis is expected to provide required opportunity for growth in the market during the forecast period.

Key Players

The report also includes the profiles of key Protein Assay manufacturing companies along with their SWOT analysis and market strategies. In addition, the report focuses on leading industry players with information such as company profiles, products and services offered, financial information of last three years, key development in past three years. Some of the key players influencing the market are Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Promega Corporation, Merck KgaA, GENERAL ELECTRIC, Lonza, BioVision Inc., Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., and CYTOSKELETON, INC. among others.

The research provides answers to the following key questions:

The study conducts SWOT analysis to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the key players in the Protein Assay market. Further, the report conducts an intricate examination of drivers and restraints operating in the market. The report also evaluates the trends observed in the parent market, along with the macro-economic indicators, prevailing factors, and market appeal according to different segments. The report also predicts the influence of different industry aspects on the Protein Assay market segments and regions.

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Insecurity about the future:

Our research and insights help our clients anticipate upcoming revenue compartments and growth ranges. This will help our clients invest or divest their assets.

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It is extremely vital to have an impartial understanding of market opinions for a strategy. Our insights provide a keen view on the market sentiment. We keep this reconnaissance by engaging with Key Opinion Leaders of a value chain of each industry we track.

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Our research ranks investment centers of market by considering their future demands, returns, and profit margins. Our clients can focus on most prominent investment centers by procuring our market research.

Evaluating potential business partners:

Our research and insights help our clients identify compatible business partners.

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Protein Assay Market Segmented by Region/Country: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Central & South America

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Protein Assay Market 2020: Reporting And Evaluation Of Recent Industry Developments 2027 - Cole of Duty

Cell Biology

Hyd centre to grow virus in human cells for in vitro testing – Hindustan Times

New Delhi: The Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) will attempt to grow SARS-CoV-2 in human cell lines, enabling in vitro ( literally, in a test tube) testing of potential drugs and vaccines against Covid-19. Experts said this could expedite testing of new drugs that have not been tried on humans before.

According to a statement from the Science and Technology ministry on Tuesday, CCMB will partner with cell therapy company, Eyestem Research Private Limited to develop these cell lines. The research team will use Eyestems human lung epithelial cell culture system provided as part of its anti-covid screening (ACS) platform to understand the molecular and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.

Culturing the virus outside the human host is a technological challenge that needs to be overcome. Eyestems cell culture system expresses the ACE2 receptor (an enzyme the Sars-Cov-2 virus uses to enter the body) and other genes that are key determinants of viral entry and replication. We hope that employing this system will allow the CCMB team to grow the virus predictably and thereby open up the potential for the drug screening and vaccine development strategies, said Dr Rakesh Mishra, Director, CCMB.

Before human trials new drugs should be tested in vitro and then in animals, said Dr Shobha Broor, former head of the department of virology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. For the re-purposed drugs being tried for Covid 19, there is some evidence in vitro because they have been tried for other viruses. For different viruses, different cell lines are need for testing efficacy. If we establish this system of testing Covid 19 drugs, whenever we have a new drug it can be tested quickly in the human lung epithelial cell line, she added.

In another statement, the ministry said Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) and Tata Sons have signed an agreement for licensing know-how for a paper strip based test named Feluda for rapid diagnosis of Covid 19.

Dr Anurag Agrawal, Director-IGIB said the technology was conceived and developed at CSIR IGIB and utilizes an indigenously developed cutting edge CRISPR Cas9 technology to specifically recognize the Covid 19 sequence in a sample. A combination of CRISPR biology and paper-strip chemistry leads to a visible signal readout on a paper strip that can be rapidly assessed for establishing the presence of viral infection in a sample. The test is named after Satyajit Rays fictional detective Feluda.

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Hyd centre to grow virus in human cells for in vitro testing - Hindustan Times

Cell Biology

Adoption of Human Platelet Lysate Market Through COVID-19 Pandemic to Increase Across Top Countries in the Globe IN the Coming Years – Cole of Duty

Rising funding for research & development activities, increasing number of research centers, and growing partnerships between research centers, biotechnology companies, and academic institutes for basic research are the prominent driving factors for the growth of thehuman platelet lysate market.

Also, increasing demand for animal-free serum media is a key catalyzer for the growth of the human platelet lysate market. Human platelet lysates, a growth supplement for in-vitro cell culture, are a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum, and expected to find application in various therapeutics. The global human platelet lysate market is set to progress at a decent CAGR of around 4% over the period of 2019 to 2029.

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Company Profiles

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Key Takeaways from Human Platelet Lysate Market Study

Manufacturers can focus on developing countries such as India that offer significant gains in terms of revenue, through the sale of human platelet lysates at an economical cost,says a PMR analyst.

Increase in Life Science Research Funding

Various government, private, and commercial organizations are focused on increasing research & development activities for continuous innovation in the field of life sciences. These organizations provide funds for ongoing research projects and pipeline products. In 2013, around 59% of total research & development expenditure in the U.S. was from federal funding agencies. In 2016, the National Institute of Health reported investments of nearly US$ 1.4 Bn toward stem cell research in the field of cell biology and electrical engineering.

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A new report by Persistence Market Research provides unparalleled insights on the evolution of the human platelet lysate market during 2014-2018, and presents demand projections for 2019-2029, on the basis of product type (heparin-free platelet lysates and human platelet lysates with heparin), application (research use and clinical use), and end user (academic and research institutes, biopharmaceutical companies, and other applications), across various prominent regions (North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia. Oceania, and MEA).

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Adoption of Human Platelet Lysate Market Through COVID-19 Pandemic to Increase Across Top Countries in the Globe IN the Coming Years - Cole of Duty

Cell Biology

aTyr Pharma Announces Publication of Two Abstracts in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine – BioSpace

Abstracts originally accepted for presentation at the 2020 American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference

Findings confirm that aTyrs lead clinical candidate, ATYR1923, selectively binds to Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), a unique target expressed on key immune cells in inflammatory conditions

SAN DIEGO, May 05, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- aTyr Pharma Inc. Inc. (Nasdaq: LIFE), a biotherapeutics company engaged in the discovery and development of innovative medicines based on novel immunological pathways, today announced that two abstracts originally accepted for presentation at the 2020 ATS International Conference will be published in the ATS journal, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. One abstract characterizes the molecular basis for ATYR1923s immunomodulatory properties, including its ability to specifically and selectively bind to NRP2, a target that has been implicated in a broad range of immune-mediated diseases. The second abstract demonstrates that NRP2 is expressed on key immune cells in inflammatory conditions, including sarcoidosis granulomas, reinforcing its status as a key target in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.

We are very pleased to have these abstracts, which were originally accepted for presentation at the ATS International Conference, published in the highly-regarded American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, stated Dr. Sanjay Shukla, M.D., M.S., President and Chief Executive Officer of aTyr. The findings summarized in these abstracts confirm the significant role of NRP2 in serious inflammatory diseases, and further elucidate the mechanism of action of ATYR1923 in its ability to selectively bind to this unique target. We look forward to final results from our ongoing Phase 1b/2a clinical trial of ATYR1923 in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis while in parallel leveraging our numerous research collaborations with biopharmaceutical leaders and academia to further expand our pre-clinical pipeline.

Details of the abstracts are as follows:

P1173 - ATYR1923 Specifically Binds to Neuropilin-2, a Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated DiseasesNeuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a pleiotropic cell surface receptor known to be expressed on a number of different immune cell types that plays a key role in regulating inflammatory responses. aTyr Pharmas lead clinical candidate, ATYR1923, is a fusion protein combining a novel immunomodulatory domain from histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) and a human IgG1 Fc. ATYR1923 has previously demonstrated potent immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. ATYR1923 specifically and selectively binds to NRP2 on the cell surface, which was discovered by cell microarray screening and confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and also by flow cytometry analysis of HEK293 cells over-expressing NRP2. Furthermore, ATYR1923 was also found to bind to cells that endogenously express NRP2 on the surface (such as THP-1 polarized M1 macrophages). These findings indicate that modulation of the NRP2 signaling pathway could be a novel therapeutic approach to immune-mediated diseases. ATYR1923 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b/2a study in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease which can result in lung fibrosis.

P983 - Neuropilin-2, the Specific Binding Partner to ATYR1923, Is Expressed in Sarcoid Granulomas and Key Immune CellsaTyr reports for the first time that NRP2 is expressed in samples obtained from lung and skin of sarcoidosis patients. More specifically, NRP2 expression was readily detectable within the granulomas in both skin and lung samples. In this abstract, the company demonstrates that NRP2 expression can be detected on key immune cells known to play an important role in inflammation and granuloma formation. These findings highlight the potential of ATYR1923 to exert its effect on various immune cells directly related to the pathology of the target patient population.

About ATYR1923

aTyr is developing ATYR1923 as a potential therapeutic for patients with interstitial lung diseases. ATYR1923, a fusion protein comprised of the immuno-modulatory domain of histidyl tRNA synthetase fused to the FC region of a human antibody, is a selective modulator of neuropilin-2 that downregulates the innate and adaptive immune response in inflammatory disease states. aTyr is currently enrolling a proof-of-concept Phase 1b/2a trial evaluating ATYR1923 in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. This Phase 1b/2a study is a multi-ascending dose, placebo-controlled, first-in-patient study of ATYR1923 that has been designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, steroid sparing effect, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics profile of multiple doses of ATYR1923.

About NRP2

Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a cell surface receptor that plays a key role in lymphatic development and in regulating inflammatory responses. In many forms of cancer, high NRP2 expression is associated with worse outcomes. NRP2 can interact with multiple ligands and co-receptors through distinct domains to influence their functional roles, making it a potential drug target with multiple distinct therapeutic applications. NRP2 interacts with type 3 semaphorins and plexins to impact inflammation and with forms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors, to impact lymphangiogenesis. In addition, NPR2 modulates interactions between CCL21 and CCR7 potentially impacting homing of dendritic cells to lymphoid organs. aTyr is currently investigating NRP2 receptor biology, both internally and in collaboration with key academic thought leaders, as a novel target for new product candidates for a variety of diseases, including cancer and inflammation.

About aTyr

aTyr is a biotherapeutics company engaged in the discovery and development of innovative medicines based on novel immunological pathways. aTyrs research and development efforts are concentrated on a newly discovered area of biology, the extracellular functionality and signaling pathways of tRNA synthetases. aTyr has built a global intellectual property estate directed to a potential pipeline of protein compositions derived from 20 tRNA synthetase genes and their extracellular targets. aTyrs primary focus is ATYR1923, a clinical-stage product candidate which binds to the neuropilin-2 receptor and is designed to down-regulate immune engagement in interstitial lung diseases. For more information, please visit http://www.atyrpharma.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Litigation Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are usually identified by the use of words such as anticipates, believes, estimates, expects, intends, may, plans, projects, seeks, should, will, and variations of such words or similar expressions. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by such safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements and are making this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions. These forward-looking statements, include statements regarding the potential therapeutic benefits and applications of our product candidates; our ability to successfully advance our product candidates, undertake certain development activities (such as the initiation of clinical trials, clinical trial enrollment, the conduct of clinical trials and the announcement of top-line results) and accomplish certain development goals, and the timing of such events; and the scope and strength of our intellectual property portfolio. These forward-looking statements also reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, as reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements, are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions, expectations or strategies will be attained or achieved. All forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions by our management that, although we believe to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements and will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including, without limitation, risks associated with the discovery, development and regulation of our product candidates, the risk that we may cease or delay preclinical or clinical development activities for any of our existing or future product candidates for a variety of reasons (including difficulties or delays in patient enrollment in planned clinical trials), the possibility of unexpected expenses or other demands on our cash resources, and the risk that we may not be able to raise the additional funding required for our business and product development plans, as well as those risks set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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aTyr Pharma Announces Publication of Two Abstracts in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - BioSpace

Cell Biology

Researchers identify neurons that regulate blood sugar – Baylor College of Medicine News

Low blood sugar levels, known as hypoglycemia, can be a life-threatening situation, especially for people with type 1 diabetes who rely on intensive insulin therapy to prevent blood sugar from going too high. Solutions to this problem may come from a better understanding of the basic mechanisms keeping blood sugar in balance.

At Baylor College of Medicine and other institutions, researchers led by Dr. Yong Xu, associate professor of pediatrics-nutrition and of molecular and cellular biology at Baylor, have identified a group of unique glucose-sensing neurons in the brain and how they work together to prevent severe hypoglycemia in mice. Their results appear in the journal Nature Communications.

Glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations in blood sugar levels and respond by rapidly decreasing or increasing their firing activities. This response can trigger changes in behavior to increase glucose levels. For instance, the animals may begin eating, Xu said. Glucose-sensing neurons also can affect the production of hormones such as glucagon that can directly regulate glucose production or uptake by peripheral tissues. Its a feedback system that keeps the balance of blood glucose.

Glucose-sensing neurons are found in several brain regions. Xu and his colleagues focused on neurons located in a small area called the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vlVMH). Many neurons in this region express estrogen receptor-alpha and respond to glucose fluctuations in the blood, but their functions in glucose metabolism had not been specifically investigated.

A unique population of neurons

The researchers found that neurons in the vlVMH nucleus of murine brains had unique characteristics.

First, Xu and his colleagues were surprised that, while in other VMH subdivisions about half of the neurons were glucose-sensing, in the ventrolateral subdivision all the estrogen receptor-alpha neurons were glucose-sensing. Just this fact makes this group of neurons quite unique, Xu said.

They also found that, although all the neurons in this area sense glucose, they do not respond to changes in glucose level in the same way. About half of the neurons are glucose-excited their firing activity increases when they sense high glucose levels and decreases when glucose levels are low. In contrast, the other half of the neurons are glucose-inhibited they decrease firing when glucose is high and increase it when glucose is low.

We wondered why these neurons responded in opposite ways to the same glucose challenge, Xu said.

The researchers combined genetic profiling, pharmacological, electrophysiological and CRISPR gene-editing approaches to look into this question. They investigated the ion channels that each type of glucose-sensing neuron uses to respond to glucose levels. Ion channels are large molecules spanning across the cell membranes of neurons. The channels control the traffic of ions electrically charged atoms or molecules in and out of neurons, a process that is crucial for regulating neuronal firing activities.

The researchers found that glucose-excited neurons use a KATP ion channel, but the glucose-inhibited neurons used a different ion channel called Ano4. The KATP ion channel is well known in our field, but the role of Ano4 ion channel in glucose sensing has never been reported. We have identified a new ion channel that is important for glucose-inhibited neurons.

A coordinated effect regulates blood glucose

In addition, Xu and colleagues identified the neuronal circuits that are involved when glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons respond to low blood glucose levels. They discovered that the circuits were different glucose-excited neurons project neuronal connections to a brain region that is different from the one reached by glucose-inhibited neurons.

Using optogenetics, a combination of genetic modifications and light to activate specific neuronal circuits, the researchers showed in mice that when glucose-inhibited neurons responded to low glucose levels, they activated a particular circuit, and the result was an increase of blood glucose. On the other hand, when glucose-excited neurons responded to low blood glucose, they inhibited a different circuit, but the result also was an increase in blood glucose levels.

When the mice were hypoglycemic, these two circuits were regulated in an opposite manner one was excited while the other was inhibited but the outcome was the same, bringing blood glucose to normal levels, Xu said. This forms a perfect feedback system to regulate blood glucose levels.

Interestingly, all the neurons in this important group express estrogen receptor-alpha, a well-known mediator of the ovarian hormone, estrogen. In the future, Xu and colleagues want to investigate whether estrogen plays a role in the glucose-sensing process and whether there are gender differences in the functions of these neurons on glucose balance.

Other contributors to this work include Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Chunmei Wang, Yan Xia, Meng Yu, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Kenji Saito, Julia Wang, Ilirjana Hyseni, Matthew Robertson, Badrajee Piyarathna, Min Gao, Sohaib A. Khan, Feng Liu, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Zhongming Zhao, Qingchun Tong and Zheng Sun. The authors are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

This work was supported by grants from the NIH (R01 DK114279 and R21NS108091, R01ES027544/DK111436, R01DK100697, R00DK107008 and K01 DK119471), John S. Dunn Foundation and Clifford Elder White Graham Endowed Fund and USDA/CRIS (3092-5-001-059). Further support was provided by American Diabetes Association (1-17-PDF-138 and 1-15-BS-184) and American Heart Association awards (17GRNT32960003 and 19CDA34660335). Single cell transcriptome profiling was conducted at the Single Cell Genomics Core at BCM that is partially supported by shared instrument grant from NIH (S10OD018033, S10OD023469, S10OD025240) and data were analyzed by the BCM Multi-Omics Data Analysis Core (P01DK113954). This work also was partially supported by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT, RP170005 and RP180734) and the NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30CA125123).

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Researchers identify neurons that regulate blood sugar - Baylor College of Medicine News