Category Archives: Biochemistry

Instructor encourages creative virtual teaching techniques – University of Miami

Richard Myers, a senior lecturer in the Miller School of Medicine, offers tips and best practices on shifting to remote instruction for the duration of the semester.

When Hurricane Irma threatened the fall 2017 semester, Richard Myers, a senior lecturer of biochemistry and molecular biology in the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, knew it was time to prioritize the development of effective distance-learning strategies in case a disruption of that magnitude ever happened again.

Fortunately, I had the means to engage students in some of my classes during Hurricane Irma, but it put me on notice that I needed to expand these efforts to all my courses, he said.

This week, in the face of an unprecedented global pandemic that has forced faculty members and students to finish the semester remotely, Myers is on the frontlines of this institutional shift and offers his expertise on how to successfully adapt to the new reality.

The forced adoption of remote learning strategies provides an excellent platform to help students and faculty adapt to new approaches to education and to help our students become better self-directed learners, he said.

His experience with hybrid teaching and blending in-person with remote instruction makes Myers a vital member of the Academic Computing Advisory Committee (ACAC), the group in charge of developing and implementing the campus-wide academic continuity contingency plan.

The senior lecturer is turning to tools like Blackboard, Zoom, Swivl, and Google Docs to keep students engaged in discussions, organized with document submission, and actively collaborating with each other.

My courses will now be supplemented through Zoom conferencing in real time and the discussion board in Blackboard out of real time. I intend to record Zoom conferences and invite students to participate out of real time on the discussion board to accommodate students in vastly different time zones, he explained.

He has even found a way to digitally replicate the classroom setting.

I have set up break out rooms in Zoom to allow students in each group to interact as they collectively solve problems, he said. Im migrating between rooms, the way I normally walk around the classroom, so I can eavesdrop on the students, ask them questions and make suggestions as they research their topic and write about their findings.

Myers is impressed by how supportive and appreciative the student reaction has been so far, and he will continue to offer students one-on-one mentorships during this transitional period.

In live settings, I typically meet with students who wish to discuss the material provided or just want mentoring and professional development advice. I will reconstitute this by having virtual caf meetings via Zoom, he acknowledged.

Although laboratory research has come to a screeching halt, resulting in the loss of hands-on experiences that are important for budding experimentalists, Myers said he sees a silver lining in this experience and believes that remote learning offers greater opportunities for reflection, analysis, associative learning, and integration.

Students will get important practice with self-directed learning, which will support lifelong learning. This is an essential skill in the rapidly evolving labor market and in adult life in general, he remarked.

Myers encourages other faculty members to take advantage of the resources provided by the ACAC. They should also reach out to other instructors who already employ remote learning platforms and continuously seek feedback from students throughout the process.

Were all going to get through this together, Myers said. This is the time to reimagine the syllabus and think creatively about how to achieve the main objectives. Consider increasing formative assessment via papers, quizzes, presentations, and projects in place of summative assessments via exams.

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Instructor encourages creative virtual teaching techniques - University of Miami

Podcast: Supercomputing the Coronavirus on Frontera – insideHPC

Scientists are preparing a massive computer model of the coronavirus that they expect will give insight into how it infects in the body. Theyve taken the first steps, testing the first parts of the model and optimizing code on the Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center of UT Austin. The knowledge gained from the full model can help researchers design new drugs and vaccines to combat the coronavirus.

Rommie Amaro is leading efforts to build the first complete all-atom model of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus envelope, its exterior component. If we have a good model for what the outside of the particle looks like and how it behaves, were going to get a good view of the different components that are involved in molecular recognition. Molecular recognition involves how the virus interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and possibly other targets within the host cell membrane. Amaro is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego.

The coronavirus model is anticipated by Amaro to contain roughly 200 million atoms, a daunting undertaking, as the interaction of each atom with one another has to be computed. Her teams workflow takes a hybrid, or integrative modeling approach.

Were trying to combine data at different resolutions into one cohesive model that can be simulated on leadership-class facilities like Frontera. How we do this is that we basically start with the individual components, where their structures have been resolved at atomic or near atomic resolution, and we have to basically carefully get each of these components up and running and into a state where they are stable. Then we can introduce them into the bigger envelope simulations with neighboring molecules, Amaro said.

The Frontera supercomputer aided efforts of the Amaro Lab on March 12-13, 2020, by running NAMD molecular dynamics simulations on up to 4,000 nodes, or about 250,000 of its processing cores. This is a remarkably large-scale simulation run in itself on Frontera, the #5 top supercomputer in the world and #1 academic supercomputer according to November 2019 rankings of the Top500 organization. Frontera is the leadership-class system in the cyberinfrastructure ecosystem of the National Science Foundation.

Rommie Amaro, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego.

Simulations of that size are only possible to run on a machine like Frontera or on a machine possibly at the Department of Energy, Amaro said. We straightaway contacted the Frontera team, and theyve been very gracious in giving us priority status for benchmarking and trying to optimize the code so that these simulations can run as efficiently as possible, once the system is actually up and running.

Its exciting to work on one of these brand new machines, for sure. Our experience so far has been very good. The initial benchmarks have been really impressive for this system. Were going to continue to optimize the codes for these ultra large systems so that we can ultimately get even better performance. I would say that working with the team at Frontera has also been fantastic. Theyre at the ready to help and have been extremely responsive during this critical time window. Its been a very positive experience, Amaro said.

TACC is proud to support this critical and groundbreaking research, said Dan Stanzione, Executive Director of TACC and Principal Investigator of the Frontera supercomputer project. We will continue to support Amaros simulations and other important work related to understanding and finding a way to defeat this new threat.

Amaros work with the coronavirus comes on the coattails of her success with recently published work in ACS Central Science, February of 2020, on an all-atom simulation of the influenza virus envelope. She said that the influenza work will have a remarkable number of similarities to what theyre now pursuing with the coronavirus.

The NSF-funded Frontera supercomputer at TACC is ranked #5 fastest in the world and #1 for academic systems, according to the November 2019 Top500 rankings. (Credit: TACC)

Its a brilliant test of our methods and our abilities to adapt to new data and to get this up and running right off the fly, Amaro said. It took us a year or more to build the influenza viral envelope and get it up and running on the national supercomputers. For influenza, we used the Blue Waters supercomputer, which was in some ways the predecessor to Frontera. The work, however, with the coronavirus obviously is proceeding at a much, much faster pace. This is enabled, in part because of the work that we did on Blue Waters earlier.

Said Amaro: These simulations will give us new insights into the different parts of the coronavirus that are required for infectivity. And why we care about that is because if we can understand these different features, scientists have a better chance to design new drugs; to understand how current drugs work and potential drug combinations work. The information that we get from these simulations is multifaceted and multidimensional and will be of use for scientists on the front lines immediately and also in the longer term. Hopefully the public will understand that theres many different components and facets of science to push forward to understand this virus. These simulations on Frontera are just one of those components, but hopefully an important and a gainful one.

Source: Jorge Salazar at TACC

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Podcast: Supercomputing the Coronavirus on Frontera - insideHPC

UB sends supplies to Erie County to support COVID-19 testing – UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff – University at Buffalo Reporter

Amid a nationwide shortage of materials, the UB community mobilized last week to send laboratory supplies to Erie County to support local testing for COVID-19.

After obtaining a list of items the county could use, Gerald Koudelka in the College of Arts and Sciences Deans Office put out a call for materials via email. Researchers across the university amplified the message, forwarding information to colleagues and Tweeting out the plea for supplies.

That was on the morning of Friday, March 20.

By the afternoon, Jay Roorbach, UBs senior emergency planning coordinator, was delivering 250 nasopharyngeal swabs and six pints of molecular biology-grade ethanol to grateful colleagues at Erie County. These supplies just two of the many materials needed for COVID-19 testing are in high demand as communities nationwide look to ramp up testing capacity.

This was a high-priority request that ended up coming to us through official channels from Erie County, and we were pleased to be able to offer assistance, Roorbach says. We will not always be able to fulfill such requests, as we have a process of resource management in place and need to ensure that UB has high-priority supplies on hand to support important operations, including those related to the pandemic. But in this case, we were able to quickly identify some items Erie County needed and send those to our colleagues there.

It feels good to be part of a university that is so connected to the surrounding community. Of course, everyone wants to help their neighbors, friends and family. This is a unique way that, as researchers, we are in a position to help, says Denise Ferkey, associate professor of biological sciences, who initiated the collection effort after hearing about a similar endeavor at Stanford University from Arnd Pralle, UB professor of physics.

The response was overwhelming, Koudelka says.

People across the university mobilized. Staff and faculty shared the emails and put out calls on social media. Lisa Martin in theDivision of Comparative Medicine helped coordinate collection of nasopharyngeal swabs. The ethanol came from the Biochemistry Stockroom, part of the Department of Biochemistry in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.

As the coronavirus pandemic continues, Roorbachs team is working closely with partners across the region to respond to the crisis. He has access to a centralized portal where agencies and jurisdictions across Erie County can put out calls for materials and equipment, and UB will continue to review and respond to those official requests when the university is able to help, he says.

University employees who receive requests for donations or supplies from UB should contact the emergency management team at emergencymanagement@buffalo.edu.

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UB sends supplies to Erie County to support COVID-19 testing - UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff - University at Buffalo Reporter

Veterinary Biochemistry Analyzers Market Overview includes Industry Specifications and Applications Forecast to 2025 – News Times

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BPC BioSedDiaSys Diagnostic SystemsDiconexHeskaRandox LaboratoriesIdexx LaboratoriesScil Animal CareWoodley Equipment

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Veterinary Biochemistry Analyzers Market Overview includes Industry Specifications and Applications Forecast to 2025 - News Times

Heres Why Invisible Aliens May Exist Amongst Us And Well Never Know – ED Times

Alien life has always been a fascinating topic for all of us.

The debate around the existence of alien life has been ongoing for centuries. There have been a lot of movies around the same that hints at the presence of aliens or extra-terrestrial life. These sci-fi movies urge us to wonder about the possibility of an alien invasion on Earth or worse, aliens co-existing with us but in a different dimension.

As a space nerd, all of these speculations are interesting to me but with no proper evidence, theyre considered vague and unrealistic. However, a UK based science expert broke the silence over alien existence and said that she believes aliens do exist but in a form that humans cant see.

Sounds strange, right?

But she has a point to validate her argument. Lets decode the same.

Helen Sharman, Britains first astronaut and a chemist at the prestigious Imperial College, London said in an interview with The Observer, that alien lifeforms maybe be impossible to trace among us.

Well, life as we define moves, grows, sense, reproduce, excrete, etc, thus every time we imagine an alien, its more or less like a humanoid or a horrendous creature that can be easily recognized.

However, Sharmans speculation has made us all reconsider our idea of visualizing an alien. She says that she has a strong belief about alien existence and theres no two way to go about it (sic). But we are unaware as we limit our imagination to geocentric or anthropocentric ideas of what alien life may look like.

We say that we will know aliens exist when we see them. But what if theyre already there and we cant recognize them due to our limited intelligence?

Life may not only be present as we know it. Considering the vastness of the universe and the limitations of the human brain, it is safe to assume that there is so much in science and space not yet known to mankind.

Considering the same, Helen puts forward her point that alien life exists in a form not comprehensible by the human brain. The biosphere as we know it is validated in the form of DNA, thus we study DNA as the basic thread of life. Science has advanced enough to detect uncultured strains of microbes but is only limited to discover life as DNA.

Therefore our microscopes are yet not powerful enough to detect life which we dont know about. This brings up the vast possibility of alien existence in our biosphere in an unfamiliar form.

Helen further says that these aliens might have different biochemistry than us humans which makes them invisible to the naked eye.

According to her research, alien life supposedly has an alternative biochemistry unexplored by the mankind. A popular suggestion around this alternative biochemistry talks about silicon biochemistry.

Humans are known to carry a carbon biochemistry that supports life. The structure of carbon is similar to that of silicon and even 90% of life supported on earth is made of iron, magnesium, oxygen and silicon.

The chemical composition of life on Earth has an approximate correlation with the chemical composition of the sun, with 98% of atoms in biology consisting of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. So if there were viable silicon lifeforms here, they may have evolved elsewhere but might have invaded Earth- as such we would never know.

What makes the silicon-life biochemistry more appropriate is the research of a Californian scientist. According to Live Science, few years ago, scientists at Caltech managed to breed a bacterial protein that created bonds with silicon essentially bringing silicon to life. So even though silicon is inflexible compared with carbon, it could perhaps find ways to assemble into living organisms, potentially including carbon.

Thus, it can be said that it is very much possible to breed life out of silicon.

Although these are just speculations and nothing similar has been proved yet but I believe in order to discover the possibility of extra-terrestrial life, one really needs to think outside the box and for once break the pattern of scientific conventional thinking.

After all, if you want to know what you dont know, you got to experiment and think about what you never thought before.

Image Credits: Google Images

Sources: Live Science, Futurism +more

Find the Blogger: @ZehraYameena

The Great Filter Is The Answer To Why Aliens Havent Contacted Us Yet (Video)

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Heres Why Invisible Aliens May Exist Amongst Us And Well Never Know - ED Times

Ireland could return to normal in weeks if there were no new COVID-19 infections – Dublin Live

Ireland could return to normal in less than a month if there were no new coronavirus infections, an expert has said.

Prof Luke O Neill, Professor of Biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin, stressed the importance of social distancing and self isolation as we work to battle the highly contagious virus.

He was speaking to Pat Kenny on Newstalk this morning, and said that if people don't isolate, the pandemic could continue for "months and months" as COVID-19 spreads from person to person.

A listener submitted a question asking that if, in theory, there were no new cases confirmed in Ireland from today, when the pandemic would end.

He said: "If everything stopped now - the virus spends two, three weeks in your body.

"You can imagine, that if there's no more infections, after two or three weeks or so that the virus goes away.

"It's as simple as that, you see."

He continued: "The longer people meet and infect each other it starts again in the next person.

"Let's say you're on day 13 of a 14 day cycle and you infect someone else - they're going to go for 14 days now.

"And then if they infect someone on day 12, another 14 days. It can go on for months and months."

During the chat, he revealed that there are currently 35 separate vaccines under development across the world.

He also clarified what surfaces are most likely to still have coronavirus on them if touched by someone infected.

He said: "They're (scientists) plugging away, they just can't predict it. But they're certainly pressing away like crazy - it will come.

"Each trial might be slightly different - there's subtle differences between them all.

"The surfaces it (coronavirus) likes most are glass and metal. It can still live on paper for a few hours."

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Ireland could return to normal in weeks if there were no new COVID-19 infections - Dublin Live

Scientists detected trace amounts of superconducting material in Meteorite – Tech Explorist

Meteorites can contain a wide range of material phases due to the extreme environments found in space. They are ideal candidates to search for natural superconductivity.

Although, due to their chemically inhomogeneous nature and minute superconducting phases, rendering detection becomes difficult.

In a recent study, scientists from the UC San Diego and Brookhaven Laboratory in New York used ultrasensitive magnetic field modulated microwave spectroscopy (MFMMS) technique and studied meteorite samples.

They identified the presence of superconducting material in two meteorites: Mundrabilla and GRA 95205.

Mundrabilla is an iron-sulfide-rich meteorite from a class formed after melting in asteroidal cores and cooling very slowly. GRA 95205, on the other hand, is a ureilite meteoritea rare stony-like piece with unique mineral makeupthat underwent heavy shocks during its formation.

Scientists characterized the meteorites phases as alloys of lead, tin, and indium (the softest non-alkali metal).

Mark Thiemens, a distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San Diego, said, meteorites with extreme formation conditions are ideal for observing exotic chemical species, such as superconductorsmaterials that conduct electricity or transport electrons without resistance. However, the uniqueness of superconductive materials occurring in these extraterrestrial [minor] planets.

Ivan Schuller, a distinguished professor in the Department of Physics with expertise in superconductivity and neuromorphic computing at UC San Diego, said,Superconductivity in natural samples is extremely unusual. Naturally collected materials are not phase-pure materials. Even the simplest superconducting mineral, lead, is only rarely found in its native form.

This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-14-1-0202); and the UC San Diego Chancellors Associates. The U.S. Department of Energy supported transmission electron microscopy work at BNL, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering (contract no. DE-SC0012704).

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Scientists detected trace amounts of superconducting material in Meteorite - Tech Explorist

Trinity Professor outlines steps that would see pandemic ended in 2-3 weeks – Extra.ie

Life could get back to normal in Ireland in just three weeks if everyone was to self-isolate and stay indoors, an expert has said.

Posts on social media over the weekend indicated that many were not taking social distancing seriously as clusters gathered around in towns.

Luke ONeill, Professor of Biochemistry in the School of Biochemistry and Immunology at Trinity College Dublin has warned that the longer people meet and infect each other, the longer this crisis goes on.

Gardai have also warned parents that the ongoing health issue in Ireland is extremely serious and children and teens should be abiding by social distancing.

Speaking to Pat Kenny on Newstalk, a listener asked the professor if, hypothetically, there were no new cases of COVID-19 tomorrow, how soon could things get back to semi-normal.

The virus lasts around two to three weeks in our bodies, Professor ONeill explained.

If you can imagine if there are no more infections and if everything stopped now, after 2-3 weeks the virus will go away.

Its a matter of weeks.

Taoiseach Leo Varadkar has previously warned that the outbreak could last until the summer.

The longer people meet up and infect each other, the longer this will all last.

The professor explained that if one was on day 13 of a 14-day infection cycle and goes out and infects someone else, the virus will then live on for another 14 days.

He also referred to Germany who has now shut all restaurants, barbershops and tattoo parlours as well as banning the gathering of groups of more than two people.

We should do exactly what theyre doing now, he said.

Another listener asked if children can see their grandparents after theyve been off school for two weeks and have shown zero symptoms however ONeil insisted that we keep social distancing.

The NPHET has also warned that public spaces such as parks and beaches could also close.

In positive news, ONeill mentioned that 30 separate trials for a COVID-19 vaccine will run out in April that hopefully is the beginning of something new.

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Trinity Professor outlines steps that would see pandemic ended in 2-3 weeks - Extra.ie

Companion Animal Diagnostic Market Size to Reach $3.1 Billion by 2026 – Reported Times

Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market By Technology (Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Immunodiagnostics, Urinalysis, Hematology, and Other), By Animal Type (Dogs, Cats, Horses, and Others), By End-User (Diagnostic Laboratories, Veterinary Hospitals & Clinics, Research Institutes & Universities), By Application (Bacteriology, Parasitology, Virology, Clinical Pathology, Others); By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa); Trend Analysis, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2016-2026

The Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 9.08% during the forecast period 2019-2026. As per the analysis, the global Companion Animal Diagnostic market was valued $1.69 billion in the year 2019 and estimated to reach $3.1 billion by the end of the year 2026. The global market growth is driven by increased adoption of companion animals globally, growth in number of chronic diseases among animals and increasing demand of efficient diagnostics for pet animals.

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Diagnostics tests help in early detection, prevention and control of animal diseases. Increasing demand for fully automated and semi-automated diagnostic tests techniques further support the demand of companion animal diagnostics, which result in increased productivity and help to handle the large volumes of samples. Increasing demand of Point of Care Diagnostics (POCD) will additionally boost the growth of the companion animal diagnostics market. In the market study, it was analyzed that market players are hugely investing in research and development of POCD equipment.

Market Insights

Increasing adoption of pet animals majorly driving the market growth

Growing adoption of companion animals, especially in developed countries, to cope up with emotional disorders and loneliness, or for support, amusement for kids, and sometimes security, are some of the key factors driving the market growth. Moreover, increasing focus of pet-owners towards preventive healthcare, regular health checkup, and increasing expenditure on companion animal healthcare to protect them from different infectious and other diseases such as zoonotic diseases is propelling the market growth. Moreover, the increasing demand for rapid tests and portable instruments for point-of-care services and the use of sophisticated technologies like machine learning is presumed to offer potential growth opportunities for market players in the forthcoming years.

Increasing pet care cost restraint the market growth

The pet care cost is increasing due to the increasing adoption of companion animals. The initial cost of adoption and the whole expenses of the pet owner during the year is high, which is restricting the growth of the market.

Segmentation Overview of the Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market

The Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is segmented on the basis of Technology, Animal Type, End-User and Application. These market segments are further categorized into sub-segments to study the market in detail.

On the basis of Technology Segment, the Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is Sub-Segmented into:

On the basis of Animal Type Segment, the Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is Sub-Segmented into:

On the basis of End-User Segment, the Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is Sub-Segmented into:

On the basis of Application Segment, the Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market is Sub-Segmented into:

Global Companion Animal Diagnostic Market: Regional Insights

Geographically, the global Companion Animal Diagnostic market is segregated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. North America is estimated to register the largest revenue share in the target market, owing to higher adoption of companion animals in nations such as the US and Canada in the region, high pervasiveness of chronic diseases, increasing initiative by the government, well-established veterinary healthcare infrastructure. Additionally, North America has strong existence of prominent companies involved in companion R&D of innovative therapeutics and animal diagnostics. Higher spending on pet healthcare is a major factor growth driving factor.

Competitive Landscape

The companies that hold the major share of global Companion Animal Diagnostic market are Scil Animal Care Company GmbH Bionote Inc., Skyla Mindray Medical International Limited, Randox Laboratories, Ltd., IDvet, Fujifilm Holdings Corporation, INDICAL Bioscience GmbH Corporation, Biomrieux SA, Neogen, Virbac, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Heska Corporation IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Zoetis Inc., Abnova Corporation, Guardant Health, Inc., Illumina Inc. QIAGEN N.V., and other prominent players.

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Companion Animal Diagnostic Market Size to Reach $3.1 Billion by 2026 - Reported Times

A review of the literature on acute promyelocytic leukemia – The Medical News

Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc.Mar 22 2020

Oncotarget Volume 11, Issue 11 reported that relapsed APL, particularly in the high-risk subset of patients, remains an important clinical problem.

The probability of relapse is significantly higher in the high-risk subset of patients undergoing treatment for APL; overall approximately 10-20% of APL patients relapse regardless of their risk stratification.

Alternative agents and approaches considering these clinical outcomes are needed to address ATO resistance as well as the relapse rate in high-risk APL.

In recent decades, treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) has served as a representation of targeted therapy and has reflected the power of translational research."

Dr. Joaquin J. Jimenez, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine at The University of Miami & Dr. Andrew Schally, winner of The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and founding Oncotarget Editorial Board member

The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid, as well as of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of APL, was crucial to achieving the current remarkable cure rates.

The initial evidence of the differentiating properties of retinoic acid and its potential to be used therapeutically came in 1980, first using the HL-60 cell line as a model for APL.

Shortly after the introduction of retinoic acid into the therapy regimen of APL, the need arose for addressing retinoic acid resistance.

Furthermore, up to 50% of patients undergoing treatment will develop differentiation syndrome; a common side effect of differentiating agents.

An evaluation of four clinical trials involving low-risk APL patients from 2010 2014 showed overall survival rates ranging from a low of 86% after three years to a high of 99% after 4 years.

The Jimenez Research Team concluded in their Oncotarget Review, "the biochemical and mechanistic research on APL over the past few decades has led to a unique understanding of this disease and the treatment options, ushering in an era of targeted therapy. Despite remarkable scientific advances in treating APL, some issues still remain, concerning high-risk patients and patients exhibiting an uncharacteristic translocation. The use of HI-60 and NB4 cell lines will continue to be beneficial for future studies on APL since they have already shown a remarkable translational potential and will help address the therapeutic needs of patients that do not respond to conventional treatment. Further studies, addressing aspects of differentiation, nuclear body formation, and degradation of the fusion protein are essential for advancing the treatment of APL and targeting it towards each affected individual. The investigation for alternative therapies for relapsed APL patients and the introduction of clear, defined treatment guidelines in each risk classified group are of particular concern to be addressed."

Source:

Journal reference:

Jimenez, J.J., et al. (2020 Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a review of the literature. Oncotarget. doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27513.

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A review of the literature on acute promyelocytic leukemia - The Medical News