Category Archives: Biochemistry

John Leyba named dean of the College of Science and Mathematics – News at UNG

Dr. John Leyba has been named the new dean of the College of Science & Mathematics at the University of North Georgia (UNG).

Leyba has served as interim dean for the past year and had been associate dean of the College of Science and Mathematics at UNG since 2018. Before that, Leyba was the head of the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry. He was hired for the job in August 2014 after working for Newman University in Wichita, Kansas, for 12 years and subcontractors for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for more than 11 years.

"During my time as interim, it was surreal. But I got a good feel for the job and I enjoyed doing it," the father of eight children said. "So when UNG posted the job, it hit home that I had to apply."

After a national search, Leyba was hired and will become official on May 1.

"We felt it was important to conduct a national search to identify the next dean for the College of Science & Math," said Dr. Chaudron Gille, provost and senior vice president of Academic Affairs. "Dr. Leyba brings a wealth of experience in industry as well as years of academic leadership to the position.He was clearly the most qualified candidate and was unanimously endorsed by the committee."

Leyba earned his Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Northeast Missouri State University, now called Truman State University, in 1986. Four years later, he received his doctoral degree in nuclear chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.

As the new dean, Leyba has set his sights on completing current goals and establishing new ones.

Some of the current projects Leyba established were the electronic newsletter called "Momentum" and the College of Science & Mathematics Facebook and Instagram pages. The newsletter is sent to stakeholders and supporters to showcase the college's efforts. The two social media platforms are used to inform students and alumni about the college's activities.

"Scientists are not the best communicators," Leyba said. "We need to blow our own horn about what we are doing and accomplishing here."

Leyba also anticipates the completion of the new North Georgia Astronomical Observatory near UNG's Dahlonega Campus as well as the creation of a small observatory on the Gainesville Campus. He is also anticipating the completion of the new greenhouse in Gainesville. Both the North Georgia Astronomical Observatory and Gainesville greenhouse were part of the College of Science & Mathematics' strategic plan that Leyba helped author and looks forward to implementing.

"The strategic plan got everyone on the same page with a common set of goals," he said. "An important part was the inclusivity of all campuses. It had an important milestone for each campus. No campus is more important than another. As a team we will move forward and achieve those goals."

To do that, Leyba plans to continue a tradition he learned from a boss in the private sector. Early in his career, Leyba worked for the DOE's Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, and the Rocky Flats Site in Colorado.

"Every Friday, my first boss would walk the halls. He'd come into your office and talk to you about anything," Leyba said. "That's what I would like to do. I want to show up on any campus unannounced and walk the halls."

There he wants to acquaint himself with all of the faculty and staff and learn their personalities, interests and ambitions. He also wants to determine the needs of each campus.

"Each one has its own strengths and challenges. They can tailor their courses to the campus and students' needs," he said. "As a manager, I want to enable people to do their jobs better."

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John Leyba named dean of the College of Science and Mathematics - News at UNG

Turning On the ‘Off Switch’ in Cancer Cells – Michigan Medicine

We used cryo-electron microscopy to obtain three-dimensional images of our tool-molecule, DT-061, bound to PP2A, says study co-senior author Derek Taylor, Ph.D., an associate professor of pharmacology and biochemistry at Case Western Reserve University and member of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. This allowed us to see for the first time precisely how different parts of the protein were brought together and stabilized by the compound. We can now use that information to start developing compounds that could achieve the desired profile, specificity and potency to potentially translate to the clinic.

The researchers propose calling this class of molecules SMAPs for small molecule activators of PP2A.

Along with cancer, PP2A is also dysregulated in a number of other diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. And the researchers are optimistic the findings could also open opportunities to develop new medicines against diseases like heart failure and Alzheimers as well.

The research required a marriage of scientific disciplines and areas of expertise, notes co-senior author Goutham Narla, M.D., Ph.D., chief of the division of genetic medicine in the department of internal medicine at the U-M Medical School.

Its an illustration of how collaboration and team science can solve some of the questions like this that scientists have been asking for many years, Narla says. Solving the structure without the biological knowledge of how best to apply it against cancer, would only be half of the story. And if we were just activating PP2A, killing cancer cells and slowing the growth of cancer without the structural data that would be a really nice half-story as well. But working together, we now have a story about being able to drug this previously undruggable tumor suppressor.

The study was led by first authors Daniel Leonard, an M.D. and Ph.D. student and member of Narlas lab when the research was at Case Western Reserve and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and research scientist Wei Huang, Ph.D., of the Taylor lab.

There has been a lot of activity and excitement in recent years around the development of kinase inhibitors small molecule compounds that go after the protein kinases whose dysfunction is involved in the explosive growth and proliferation of cancer cells. That is, turning off cancers on switch, Leonard explains.

The new research attacks cancer from the opposite side of the equation, turning on cancers off switch by stabilizing protein phosphatases whose malfunction removes a key brake on cancer growth.

In the paper, the researchers speculate how a combination of both approaches simultaneously might offer an even more powerful one-two punch potentially helping to overcome cancers ability to evolve to thwart a singular approach.

The binding pocket we identified provides a launch pad for optimizing the next generation of SMAPs toward use in the clinic in cancer, and potentially other diseases, Huang adds.

Additional authors include Danica D. Wiredja, Yinghua Chen, Daniela M. Schlatzer, Janna Kiselar, Nikhil Vasireddi and Abbey L. Perl of Case Western Reserve University; Sudeh Izadmehr, Nilesh Zaware and Matthew D. Galsky of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Caitlin M. OConnor of the University of Michigan; Zhizhi Wang and Wenqing Xu of the University of Washington; David L. Brautigan of the University of Virginia; and Stefan Schchner and Egon Ogris of the Medical University of Vienna.

The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA240993, R01 GM133841, R01 CA181654, F30 TRN216393, T32 GM007250), and an American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship (17POST33650070).

DT-061 was developed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, which has filed for patent protection on the tool compound. Narla, Ogris and Taylor have ownership interest in RAPPTA Therapeutics, which has licensed the cryo-EM coordinates for the clinical and commercial development of novel series of small molecule PP2A activators from the University of Michigan and Case Western Reserve; the authors and institutions stand to benefit financially. The Medical University of Vienna has filed a patent on a monoclonal antibody used in the study.

Paper cited: Selective PP2A Enhancement Through Biased Heterotrimer Stabilization, Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.038

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Turning On the 'Off Switch' in Cancer Cells - Michigan Medicine

News updates from Hindustan Times: Arvind Kejriwal on why lockdown rules won’t be relaxed in Delhi and all the latest news – Hindustan Times

Here are todays top news, analysis and opinion. Know all about the latest news and other news updates from Hindustan Times.

77 containment zones, 1893 Covid-19 cases: Arvind Kejriwal on why lockdown rules wont be relaxed in Delhi

Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal on Sunday gave a number of reasons why there wont be any relaxation in the rules during the lockdown till May 3 in the national capital. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) chief said he will hold a review meeting after a week on April 27 to review the situation. Read more

Haridwar, Nainital districts in Uttarakhand classified as red zones after spike in Covid-19 cases

Authorities in Uttarakhand have designated Haridwar and Nainital as red zones or hotspots after a spike in the number of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) cases in these two districts, news agency ANI reported on Sunday. Read more

Manipurs 2nd Covid-19 patient tests negative two weeks after treatment

Manipurs second Covid-19 patient has tested negative for the first time since undergoing treatment, according to official sources. The northeastern state has reported only two cases of coronavirus infection, according to the latest health ministry figures. Read more

Maharashtra dedicates 25 more hospitals to treat Covid-19 patients

No new cases of Covid-19 were recorded on Sunday morning in Maharashtra as the tally of Covid-19 cases has remained 3,648 cases and 211 deaths, state health department officials said. Read more

Schools, shops re-open across Europe as Covid-19 cases plateau, but experts warn caution

People reading in downtown Rome, children going to elementary schools in Demark, Italians returning to bookstores and Austria allowing gardening stores to sell flowers again - life seems to return to normalcy as an initial sign of hope and optimism that the first wave of Europes devastating pandemic is coming to an end. Read more

He may win 6-7 titles: Gautam Gambhir names his pick for best IPL captain

Former India cricketer Gautam Gambhir on Saturday picked Mumbai Indians skipper Rohit Sharma as the best captain of the Indian Premier League. Under his leadership, MI have become the most successful franchise of IPL with four trophies in 12 seasons. Read more

Chris Hemsworth chickens out of insane Extraction action sequence, leaves it to experts. Watch video

Chris Hemsworth may play the god of thunder, Thor, in the Marvel Cinematic Universe but the actor sure knows when to step up and when to back down with flexed biceps and folded hands. Read more

Word of the Week:Is time really up for the apostrophe?

The closing of the Apostrophe Protection Society because of the ignorance and laziness of the general public strikes a body blow against those fighting for correct English. Read more

Covid-19 to be part of syllabus of Biochemistry at Lucknow University

The decision was made in agreement with the teachers of the biochemistry department who are now busy in preparing a syllabus accordingly. The final syllabus, along with the proposal will be put forward in the next executive council meeting of the university. Read more

Woman tries to show perfect handstand but her dog has other plans. Watch

A video of a woman heading for that perfect handstand would have been amazing and even somewhat motivating until a dog decided to walk in the scene and foil the attempt at fakery. Read more

Watch| US now expects up to 65,000 deaths from Covid-19: President Donald Trump

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News updates from Hindustan Times: Arvind Kejriwal on why lockdown rules won't be relaxed in Delhi and all the latest news - Hindustan Times

ELITechGroup MDx LLC and OSANG Healthcare Join Fight Against COVID-19 in the United States Providing FDA Emergency Use Authorization Rapid Detection…

BOTHELL, Wash., April 20, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --ELITechGroup MDx LLC, a leading global provider of diagnostic testing products, and its Korean partner, OSANG Healthcare, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for its SARS-CoV-2 virus test for use in the United States.

The GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit provides a fast and easy-to-use diagnostic solution to rapidly identify clusters of infection and has been validated using the ABI 7500 thermocycler and Bio-Rad CFX96 cycler both popular Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) instruments found in diagnostics laboratories throughout the country.

Delivering qualitative results within hours, the highly sensitive testing kit requires a single tube rather than multiple reactions and uses Aveolar fluid, throat swab or sputum samples in a PCR instrument to detect the virus.

"The dramatic explosion of the novel coronavirus is affecting lives in every state," said ELITechGroup CEO, Christoph Gauer. "Hospitals and labs need access to reliable COVID-19 test kits, and we are here to support the medical professionals on the front lines working to prevent the spread of COVID-19."

To date, ELITechGroup has delivered more than 700,000 COVID-19 CE-IVD tests worldwide that have proven effective in accurately detecting the infection. ELITechGroup MDx is the exclusive distributor of the test kits to certain markets across the United States.

"We are determined to fight COVID-19 and the alarming infection rates now being seen in the U.S.," said OSANG Healthcare Chairman Dong-Hyun Lee. "We are pleased to partner with ELITechGroup MDx to bring much needed testing kits to U.S. shores."

To learn more or to order the COVID-19 Detection Kit for your lab or hospital, call 800-453-2725 or email at MDxSales@elitechgroup.com.

For more information about ELITechGroup MDx in the Unites States, please visit ELITechGroup.com/North-America/.

About ELITechGroup MDx LLC: ELITechGroup is a privately held group of worldwide manufacturers and distributors of in vitro diagnostic equipment and reagents. By bringing together IVD specialty companies that offer innovative products and solutions, ELITechGroup has become a major contributor in advancing clinical diagnostics to laboratories in the proximity market, those operating closer to the patient.

About OSANG Healthcare:OSANG Healthcare is a manufacturer of IVD (In-Vitro Diagnostics) Medical Devices of multiple fields ranging from Biochemistry, Immunoassay, and Molecular Diagnostics distributing globally to 100+ countries for over 23 years. By utilizing our in house innovation, OSANG Healthcare is dedicated to providing the most accurate, affordable, and real-time results at Point-of-Care (POC).

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ELITechGroup MDx LLC and OSANG Healthcare Join Fight Against COVID-19 in the United States Providing FDA Emergency Use Authorization Rapid Detection...

Does testosterone really make infectious diseases worse in men? – Metro Newspaper UK

Daniel Kelly, lecturer in biochemistry, Sheffield Hallam University

THE Covid-19 pandemic has had a bigger toll on men than it has on women. There has been a lot of conjecture about why this might be. One theory is that the male sex hormone, testosterone, has a dampening effect on the immune system, making men more susceptible to the novel coronavirus. But just how plausible is this theory?

An overview of the scientific evidence suggests that oestrogen (the main female hormone) can improve the immune system and increase immune inflammation whereas testosterone (the male sex hormone) reduces or dampens the response. As a result, women often have less severe infections than men and have significantly stronger immune responses to vaccinations (which are essentially less potent versions of a virus). Men with higher levels of testosterone may have weakened immunity and have been shown to produce the lowest antibody responses to annual flu vaccinations.

So is there a natural susceptibility of men to suffer more severely from viruses and bacterial infections as a result of testosterone? Such a conclusion is not so clear cut when you look a little deeper into the scientific evidence.

Many of the studies that describe the suppressing effect of testosterone on the immune system have focused on a single immune function or individual immune cell types. But the immune system is a complex arrangement of many different cells, organs and tissues that direct an elaborate response to infections. It can broadly be sorted into two categories: innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity is rapid (within hours) and non-specific, meaning it is a frontline defence that is more generalised, targeting any invaders and slowing infection until adaptive immunity is developed.

Adaptive, or acquired immunity, is more complex. It takes a longer time (several days) to process and recognise a foreign invader before making specific antibodies to target it. After the threat has gone, the adaptive immune system remembers it, which makes future responses to the same pathogen faster, more efficient and powerful.

Adaptive immunity may also be thought of as more energetically demanding on the body. This means that in males with high testosterone, where energy-consuming actions such as increasing muscle strength, sexual appetite and risk-taking behaviour take precedence, adaptive immunity is not necessarily prioritised. Fitting in with this, when men have infections or illness, their testosterone levels decrease, possibly to move energy away from all those high-energy tasks to allow instead for most energy to go into strengthening the immune response.

A trade-off may also happen between different immune actions. When one part is highly effective, other functions may be turned down. In a normal situation, the ability to produce a quick response to local infection or tissue injury by activating the innate immune system is more useful in high-testosterone men. This is because, from an evolutionary perspective, they are more likely to experience trauma as a result of aggressive physical competition, roles in hunting and heavy manual or dangerous activities. So its not likely that testosterone would reduce all parts of immune function equally.

Despite its overall immune system suppressing effects, looking a little more closely at testosterone over a wide range of immune functions shows it can be immune system suppressing, strengthening and even sometimes have no effect on immune function at all. With such different effects in different investigations, it becomes clear that measuring only certain immune features in relation to testosterone does not truly reflect the overall immune capabilities of a man.

A major factor in how severe an infection may become is whether a person has underlying disease. While this is easy to understand, what is not so clear is the effect that the reduced levels of testosterone that happen during illness have on the likelihood of the infection developing into something more severe in men. It has been recently shown that Covid-19 reduces testosterone levels in men by altering the functioning of the gonads. So could the increased severity of the disease in men be due to lowered testosterone?

Complicating things further is the influence of age. We know that the occurrence of additional diseases increases with age. Age is a major risk factor for Covid-19 in both genders. As men age, their testosterone levels decrease, offering the possibility that increased severity of infections in elderly men may be due to lower levels of testosterone rather than simply the presence of testosterone. For example, men with lower levels of testosterone who had chronic kidney disease were more likely to have to go to hospital because of infections than men with higher levels. What may be relevant here to Covid-19 is that most of these infections were respiratory infections.

To find out how it influences the immune system, it would be necessary to look at testosterone effects on various functions of both innate and adaptive immunity in a variety of men with different health statuses and ages. Such investigations dont exist at the moment. So for now, it would be wise to conclude that testosterone can modulate the immune system. But the way it does this and the outcome it has depend on many other factors that influence whether there may be a negative or a beneficial effect on the severity of infectious diseases, such as Covid-19, in men.

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Does testosterone really make infectious diseases worse in men? - Metro Newspaper UK

The Effect of Covid-19 from a Biochemistry Senior’s Perspective – The University News

2020 has been an eventful year as we kick off the new decade. One month ago, I was living on campus and taking classes, participating in extracurriculars and hanging out with my friends. Today, I am sitting at home, trying to comprehend the outbreak of COVID-19. This pandemic affected thousands of students and took a big hit on seniors. For those graduating this spring, the news of school closures was a shock to many. I am glad that the university is concerned for our safety and health, but at the same time, this was my last opportunity to enjoy SLU to the fullest.

Many events unique to seniors have been canceled, such as senior legacy symposium, senior night at the ballpark, department night for seniors and many more. We have worked hard these last three and a half years, and now, when we are about to celebrate our hard work, we are hit with a pandemic and are left with nothing but just sitting in our rooms and wondering if things will ever get better. In addition to the cancellation of events, many seniors didnt get a chance to say goodbye to their friends and their professors. I never imagined that March 6 would be my last day on campus. What makes SLUs education unique is the experiences that come with it, such as volunteerism, leadership, extracurricular involvement and research. It is essentially the whole package. While SLU is taking proper health precautions, the university can do a better job with handling the transition to virtual learning and figure out ways to make events occur virtually rather than being canceled.

While on-campus instruction is terminated, we are still able to attend classes online via Zoom. I personally think it is difficult to learn online because the quality of content transmission decreases. A lot of the meetings are Q and A or discussion-based. My classes are asynchronous, so we watch videos during our own time. It becomes harder to stay organized and on track when everything becomes virtual. In-person contact is the norm and students know what they have to do. When things go virtual, then goals become a little harder to achieve. As a biochemistry major, it is hard to transition online because it is tedious to do mathematical calculations and hard to draw structural and molecular formulas. Professors should give out more interactive exercises that help gauge our understanding of the material. Examples include projects related to the topics studied in class and writing reflections on video lectures. I also think professors should make note sheets that highlight the important takeaways of each chapter. That way, we can understand the main ideas.

Certain classes have been hard to transition to virtual class-settings. While lectures can be done online, how are labs supposed to be done virtually? Professors are giving students the data but, unfortunately, students cannot get the in-lab exposure. Doing the lab is a crucial part of learning and producing data. It becomes difficult to understand why the lab is meaningful and the purpose of doing the lab. In-lab exposure is important because doing the experiment allows us to visualize the theoretical principles. Phase changes and color changes can only be observed by doing the lab. These are changes that can only be observed by the human eye; these changes are fascinating and intriguing. Assessments are also hard to administer virtually. While multiple choice and short answer questions can be assessed on Blackboard, it does not prevent students from using their notes or the internet.

Currently, SLU students can choose for their classes to be pass/fail. There is no point assessing the students mastery of content using the letter grade system if they are going to use resources during examinations. Professors should assign more projects, as these can assess the students knowledge and how to apply it in real-world settings. If there are more critical thinking assignmentsprojects, group presentations, essaysthen there wont be a need to transition to pass/fail. I plan on using the letter grade system because I am confident that I will do well in classes and pass/fail doesnt look as good to professional and graduate schools. When an employer or admissions committee sees pass, they cant tell if the student passed with a C or an A.

Remote learning is also limited, and does not match the expectations of most employers. Remote courses do not assess the soft skills and other skills that are assessed on campus. Online learning should be a piece of the overall learning experience, not the whole picture. If online learning was the whole picture, students wouldnt go to college; they would just watch Khan Academy and YouTube. Clearly, learning content is not sufficient for success. College builds relationships, helps discover new extracurricular and volunteer opportunities and expands students horizons. Online programs provide little opportunity to build skills necessary for promising careers. Learning is only part of the process; one must also apply the skills in the real world.

Currently, we are not getting reimbursed for tuition. I think this is not fair because tuition costs reflect more than learning content. Also, online classes are not as efficient as on-campus instruction. As previously stated, labs and research cannot be done online which is why I believe a portion of students tuition should be reimbursed. Also, the tuition accounts for the resources used on campus like the laboratories, the computers, the study rooms, etc. What makes SLUs education unique is the experiences that happen on campus. Academics, volunteerism, leadership, extracurricular involvement and research are offered on campus, so it is essentially the whole package.

While the cancellation of senior events, the switch to remote learning, debates on refunds and limited post-graduation opportunities affect millions of students, we should be blessed to be staying healthy. SLU cares about us and wants us to stay isolated from others until things get better. Faculty and administrators are trying to make the learning process as smooth as possible, but should realize that there needs to be more strategies and resources to learn and succeed in this alternative setting. Virtual learning provides students with something to learn, but it should not be considered the gold standard of academic and personal development.

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The Effect of Covid-19 from a Biochemistry Senior's Perspective - The University News

How Do You Teach The Most Hands-On Subject Science Without A Lab? – WBEZ

Marcie Gutierrezs first and second graders had just planted lima beans and grass seed for a unit about the life cycle of plants when Chicago Public Schools announced it was shifting classes online to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus.

She wondered how to continue when they wouldnt be together at John Hay Academy in Austin to watch the seeds grow. Then she thought of a solution.

Why dont I send it home with them? she said.

She prepared little packages of dirt and seeds for students to grow and post photos on their class website. One student jumped right in. Seven-year-old Alex Orsornio is taking photos and documenting his plants progress in his journal daily.

It is growing slow, he wrote one day. Mom thinks its growing fast.

As kindergarten through college students across Chicago and the country adjust to online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic, one course that can be difficult to teach remotely is science.

Science teachers are getting creative as they take a hands-on subject and teach it from a distance. Experts encourage science teachers to think about how students homes could be used as a laboratory and to get students off the computer to learn science concepts.

Theres lots of stuff that can be done in nature and in the world without any kind of sophisticated equipment, especially for younger children, said Maria Varelas, a professor of science education at the University of Illinois at Chicago. How can we really use this moment to actually do some things that we wouldnt be able to do in the classroom?

Varelas said just noticing birds or insects on a walk around the neighborhood can help students learn about behaviors. It can also reduce inequities caused by the digital divide; students dont need an internet connection to walk around the block.

For older students, it can be tougher to shift science online. Equipment is more expensive, and the topics are much more complex.

Earlier this month, Loyola University Chicago professor Carissa Hipsher walked her environmental chemistry class through a lab on Zoom using materials she sent home with them.

This wasnt an activity I had originally planned for today but obviously things had to change a little bit, Hipsher told her students as she explained how they could measure how porous materials are when filled with water.

Then, she split students into small groups on Zoom to complete the experiment.

Student Hannah Sather tuned in from her home in Seattle, where the time difference means shes starting classes much earlier than normal. She and a friend drove back to Seattle after Loyola shut down, stopping at her family cabin in South Dakota so she could complete the previous lab for this class before continuing the drive west. She and her lab partner discuss each step over Zoom, and Hipsher periodically jumps in to see if they have questions.

Their next lab will require students to gather a soil sample from their homes, which now means the class will have a wide variety from across the country. Hipsher is choosing to see this as a silver lining during all of this chaos.

We werent going to get that kind of opportunity before, she said. So [were] kind of making something cool out of it.

Other science professors are also finding new ways to continue class.

At UIC, a human evolution class did a virtual scavenger hunt at the Field Museum where you can take tours of the museum on their website since students cant visit in person. One biochemistry class is studying reactions of carbohydrates at home by using carbs that students can find in their kitchens.

And the teaching assistants in another UIC biochemistry class are asking students to take them through an experiment as if theyre in the lab.

For the students to get the most out of their online lab experience, I believe they need to visualize the details of each experiment in their minds, said teaching assistant Maryna Salkovski. If theyre not visualizing themselves performing every detail of the experiment, then their takeaway becomes a lot less than what it could be.

As the shutdown continues, teachers have started to think about new projects. Gutierrez spent last weekend driving flower kits to her elementary students homes for the next unit on plant life, including Alex. He said he misses his friends and teacher, so he enjoys looking at their plants and flowers progress online. Gutierrez said thats the goal.

Once I post one video, then like seven others come right away in the next half hour, Gutierrez said. I think theyre liking that engagement, so they can see how their classmates are doing.

For those who dont have good internet access at home, she hopes they can share what they grew once students can return to school. Right now, thats tentatively slated for May 1.

Kate McGee covers education for WBEZ. Follow her on Twitter @WBEZeducation and @McGeeReports.

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How Do You Teach The Most Hands-On Subject Science Without A Lab? - WBEZ

Virologist to research antiviral and vaccine targets in SARS-Cov-2 – Mirage News

Joyce Jose

Image: Nate Follmer, Penn State

Joyce Jose, assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State, has been awarded seed funding from the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Penn State to apply her expertise in studying potentially deadly viruses to developing targeted therapeutic intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Jose is a virologist with extensive experience working with biosafety level 3+ (BSL-3+) pathogens, including the West Nile virus. Working directly with these pathogens, which can cause serious and potentially lethal disease through inhalation, requires a bio-containment facility. BSL-3 laboratories are relatively rare at universities, but in 2014 Penn State opened the Eva J. Pell ABSL3 Laboratory for Advanced Biological Research to facilitate this vital research.

Jose and her research team have been working in the Pell Lab since 2018, but her proposed research with SARS-CoV-2 will start in her BSL-2 lab using non-pathogenic virus proteins that can be made in cell culture using synthetic DNA constructs.

We developed at strategy where we can safely fast-track tests for antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and develop a system to evaluate potential vaccine candidates in our BSL-2 laboratory before moving to the BSL-3 lab, said Jose.

Jose will use synthetic DNA to make cells grown in the lab produce two SARS-CoV-2 proteins that are required by the virus for replication. She can then test the ability of small molecules to inhibit the activity of these proteins. Her team will begin by testing small molecules that are already in use as antivirals against other viruses and have been shown to have low levels of toxicity to human cells, in the hopes of identifying an antiviral agent that could be effective against SARS-CoV-2 and can be developed and approved relatively quickly.

Joses team can also trick cells into making the four main proteins that compose the structure of the virus shell and then assemble the proteins into particles that look, from outside, just like the virus, but lack the ability to cause disease. These virus-like particles can then be used to test the efficacy of potential vaccine candidates before testing the vaccines against the actual virus in the BSL-3 lab.

Compared to the viruses I am used to working with, the SARS-CoV-2 has an extremely large and complex genome, said Jose. In addition to trying to develop strategies to stop its spread as quickly as possible, we also want to begin building genetic systems that allow us to better understand how this virus works. This knowledge can facilitate our understanding of the virus pathogenesis, which will be required for the development of future therapeutics and vaccine candidates.

On March 3, the Penn State Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences launched a rapid-response, internal call-for-proposals across the University to address the emerging COVID-19 outbreak, with support from the Materials Research Institute, Social Sciences Institute, Institutes for Energy and the Environment, and the Institute for Computational and Data Science.

Over the course of five weeks, units across Penn State stepped up to assist. To date, more than 120 faculty members in 45 research teams from across eight colleges at Penn State have been granted an overall $2.25 million in seed funding to initiate their vitally important work.

The projects span six core areas: Diagnostics and Detection, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Transmission-blocking Interventions, Social Sciences, Cohort Studies, and Predictive Modeling.

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Virologist to research antiviral and vaccine targets in SARS-Cov-2 - Mirage News

Remdesivir Q&A: Cautious Optimism for Coronavirus Treatment – American Council on Science and Health

Stat News just broke a story that has been picked up by the wider press and has generated quite a bit of excitement1. The gist is that early clinical trial results from Gilead show that its antiviral drug, remdesivir, has promise in treating patients with severe COVID-19.

But, as always, science advances in fits and starts. There are rarely any truly groundbreaking discoveries that happen overnight. So, let's discuss why we can be cautiously optimistic, but with caveats.

Does remdesivir successfully treat patients with COVID-19?

It appears the answer is "yes," but there are two major caveats: (1) Patients already requiring ventilators were excluded; and (2) There was no control group. The first caveat means that the absolute sickest patients -- people literally on their death beds -- were not included in the study. The second caveat is puzzling. Perhaps Gilead thought it was unethical to give the control group a placebo.

So, this is why it's not clear just how excited we should be. Still, there is reason to be hopeful: 113 patients in this part of the clinical trial were severely ill, but only two died.

Are there side effects?

Oh yes, and possibly very unpleasant ones. According to BioSpace:

"[A]bout 25% of patients receiving it have severe side effects, including multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, septic shock, acute kidney injury and low blood pressure. Another 23% demonstrated evidence of liver damage on lab tests."

This is one of the problems with developing antivirals. Viruses, by their nature, hijack our cells and take over their machinery. Therefore, any drug that targets a virus also (usually) inadvertently targets our own cellular machinery. It's sort of like having a terrorist holding you hostage inside your own house. The police could throw in some grenades to kill the terrorist, but they would also damage the house and possibly kill you, too.

On the other hand, it's possible that what are thought to be "side effects" of the drug are actually sequelae of COVID-19. It's now thought that the coronavirus may be causing damage to other organs, including the heart and kidneys.

If remdesivir didn't work against Ebola, why would it work against coronavirus?

That's a great question, and it's one that was expertly handled by my colleague, Dr. Josh Bloom2. The answer involves fairly sophisticated biochemistry, but the punchline is that the drug is far better at binding to a particular kind of coronavirus enzyme than to the equivalent Ebola enzyme.

When will we know for sure if remdesivir works?

There are several ongoing trials, some of which won't be completed for a couple of years. One trial for patients with moderate COVID-19 will be completed this May, and it does have a proper control group. So, we should have a clearer answer next month.

When will the drug be ready?

According to FiercePharma, Gilead will have enough of the drug to fully treat 140,000 patients very soon, as in some of the product is ready to be shipped right now. Gilead plans another 360,000 courses by October and 1 million by the end of the year. A company in India is already working on a generic version of the drug.

Why does remdesivir have such a stupid name?

Blame the FDA and branding consultants. There are elaborate rules for the naming of drugs. But here's an easy one: Any drug that ends in "-vir" is an antiviral.

Notes

(1) Bizarrely, one of the article's authors, Matthew Herper, also retweeted a complaint that it is a "violation of trial integrity" to report on partial results. Apparently, Mr. Herper is condemning his own role in reporting the story.

(2) Dr. Bloom is so good at writing, that he'll make you think you're an expert in biochemistry and toxicology. But you are not. (And neither am I.) His explanations are simply that good.

Continued here:
Remdesivir Q&A: Cautious Optimism for Coronavirus Treatment - American Council on Science and Health

PAI Life Sciences Biochemistry Expertise Links with Hemex Healths Gazelle Miniaturized Rapid Diagnostic Platform to Develop Pandemic Test – Yahoo…

Two Pacific Northwest Companies Partner to Develop Affordable COVID-19 Six Minute Diagnostic Test for Use in Low Resourced Countries

SEATTLE and PORTLAND, Ore., April 15, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Researchers in Seattle and Portland have agreed to collaborate on an urgently needed rapid COVID-19 diagnostic test that can diagnose patients accurately, quickly, and inexpensively, anywhere in the world. The platform behind the rapid COVID-19 test is designed to work in low resourced locations from Mumbai to Mogadishu, and remote villages in between. Researchers expect to have the device ready for a clinical study within a few months.

Once developed and necessary approvals are obtained, the affordable technology will be used for early detection of cases of COVID-19 to help health workers stop the spread of the disease on short notice.

The COVID-19 diagnostic uses Portland-based Hemex Healths Gazelle Diagnostic platform that combines known and trusted testing with cloud-based reporting, in a reader smaller than a shoebox, battery powered, and chargeable with a cell phone charger.Gazelle combines miniaturized electrophoresis with automation and a video interface for rapid, easy, and consistent reading. Significantly, Gazelle eliminates the need for cold-chain necessary with many diagnostic technologies but difficult to maintain in tropical climates.

Because new viruses may arise anywhere at any time, researchers have long sought a diagnostic platform that can be deployed worldwide, used with little training, that would communicate data in real time. Gazelle allows for low-cost testing suitable for use in local health clinics, small labs, doctors offices, field hospitals, and emergency situations.

When it comes to viruses, our world knows no boundaries, said Patti White, CEO, Hemex Health. Health care workers and global health experts urgently want an affordable, easy to operate diagnostic platform that connects even the most remote village with public health so that new outbreaks can be identified quickly.

The Gazelle platform combines artificial intelligence, cloud-based data reporting, and miniaturized proven diagnostic technologies that will revolutionize diagnostics the way smart phones changed communications, said White.

We need COVID-19 diagnostics like Gazelle that can be used broadly in under resourced countries, to eliminate transmission there and to remove the constant threat of re-introduction elsewhere, said David Bell, PhD, former World Health Organization scientist who developed and tested diagnostics implementation and training guidance used internationally by Ministries of Health around the world. The Gazelle platform provides integration of rapid, low cost testing with connectivity and digital integration fundamental to future surveillance programs around the world.

While Hemex Health engineered the intelligent reader and cartridge, Seattle-based PAI Life Sciences is developing the biochemical assay required to accurately detect a protein on the surface of COVID-19. PAI has identified an antigen-based mechanism that recognizes the shed protein of the COVID virus.

We are using a highly specific technology to recognize shed proteins from the virus that causes COVID-19. said Darrick Carter, PhD, President and CEO, PAI Life Sciences and Affiliate Professor, Global Health, University of Washington. This unique approach should be more sensitive than antibody-based tests so it can identify even trace viral presence.

PAI Life Sciences developed the first point of care diagnostic screening tool for leprosy and is collaborating on an innovative vaccine for COVID-19 to begin human clinical trials soon.

About Hemex Health

Hemex Health develops and commercializes diagnostic technologies that help make affordable life-sustaining medical care possible for people everywhere. Hemex products are designed to be easy to use and to provide benefit quickly and effectively for the healthcare worker and patient at the point-of-need. The company targets global locations with elimination goals for some of the worlds most deadly diseases, including COVID-19,malaria and large populations at risk for sickle cell disease. The Gazelle technology was developed in collaboration with Case Western Reserve University. Hemex Health is headquartered at the OTRADI Bioscience Incubator located in Portland, Oregon. More information can be found by going to http://www.hemexhealth.com.

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About PAI Life Sciences

PAI Life Sciences is a biotechnology company located in Seattle, WA, specialized in the developmental and translational research necessary to bring products from the laboratory to bedside. The company focuses on antigens for diagnostics and vaccines. It has developed novel protein biotherapeutics and has a pipeline of products ranging from infectious disease vaccines and adjuvants to therapeutics for cancer.

Contact: David Sheondsheon@whitecoatstrategies.com202 422-6999

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PAI Life Sciences Biochemistry Expertise Links with Hemex Healths Gazelle Miniaturized Rapid Diagnostic Platform to Develop Pandemic Test - Yahoo...