Category Archives: Biochemistry

Addressing the potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Explore Biochemistry Analyzers Market Report 2020-2026 Manufacturers, End Users,…

Analysis of the Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market

The recent market study suggests that the global Biochemistry Analyzers market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~XX% between 2019 and 2029 and reach a value of ~US$XX by the end of 2029.

The study offers a microscopic view of the various segments and sub-segments of the Biochemistry Analyzers market and accurately represents the data using informative tables, graphs, and figures. The objective of the report is to assist readers to make informed business decisions and improve their position in the global Biochemistry Analyzers market landscape post the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Segmentation Analysis of the Biochemistry Analyzers Market

The Biochemistry Analyzers market study offers a detailed understanding of the consumption, demand, and pricing structure of each product.

The Biochemistry Analyzers market report evaluates how the Biochemistry Analyzers is being utilized by various end-users.

By Region

The report offers valuable insights related to the growth prospects of the Biochemistry Analyzers market in different regions including:

market taxonomy. Macroeconomic factors affecting the global biochemistry analyzers market along with the demand side drivers and supply side drivers are also given in order to give a deep overview of the global biochemistry analyzers market. Besides, restraints impacting the market along with opportunities and trends shaping up the biochemistry analyzers market also given to further add value to the report. The global biochemistry analyzers market analysis and forecast by product type, by end user, by modality, and by region is also given. This section of the report contains valuable information like Basis Point Share (BPS) analysis, Y-o-Y growth projections and market attractiveness analysis to provide in-depth insights into the global biochemistry analyzers market.

Market Segmentation

By Product Type

By Application

By Modality

By End User

By Region

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Addressing the potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Explore Biochemistry Analyzers Market Report 2020-2026 Manufacturers, End Users,...

Brookhaven biochemist receives award for plant lipid research – News 12 Long Island

A biochemist research associate in the biology department at the U.S. Department of Energys Brookhaven National Laboratory has been awarded the Paul K. Stumpf Award.

Jantana Keereetaweep was given the award for her research on plant lipids.

The award, given every two years, recognizes the contributions of a promising early-career scientist in honor of Stumpf, who was a world leader and pioneer in the study of plant lipid biochemistry.

Keereetaweep will receive a cash award and will present her work via videoconference to the international plant lipid research community this summer.

Dr. Stumpf revolutionized the field of plant lipids. Receiving this award in his name is a great honor, but I believe it is more a reflection of the great work being done at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and especially by our team, headed by Dr. John Shanklin. While we are studying fundamental aspects of plant lipid biosynthesis, our group is also contributing toward the larger effort of developing more efficient means of bioenergy production to address global warming. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Shanklin and all my colleagues at Brookhaven Lab for the opportunity to work with them on this important challenge, Keereetaweep said.

Keereetaweep has helped to unravel details of the complicated biochemical pathways that control the synthesis of oil in plants. These studies are essential for understanding fundamental processes necessary for plants survival, and also lay the foundation for engineering plants to make more oil or lipid-based bioproducts such as fuels and raw materials for industrial processes.

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Brookhaven biochemist receives award for plant lipid research - News 12 Long Island

Faculty and Staff Awarded Nearly $4.9 Million in Grants, Contracts – CSUF News

Cal State Fullerton faculty and staff garnered close to $4.9 million in funding during March and April 2020. Supported projects and studies ranged from helping small businesses affected by COVID-19 and promoting an accurate 2020 census count in California, to monitoring oysters and researching cancer navigation among Vietnamese Americans.

Michael Daniel, director of the CSUF Small Business Development Center: $2,611,752 from the Small Business Administration for the Small Business Development Centers 2020 project.Related: Help for OC and IE Small Businesses Affected by COVID-19

Laura Gil-Trejo, director of the Social Science Research Center: $1,228,538 from the Sonoma County Junior College District on behalf of Santa Rosa Junior College for the 2020 Survey of Former Community College Students project. Separately, Gil-Trejo received a Riverside City College award of $20,201 for continuation of the project STEM-EN Familia Program.

Zair S. Ibragimov, professor of mathematics: $319,919 from the National Science Foundation for the project titled "IRES Track II: Advanced Studies Institutes in Analysis on Fractal Spaces, Dynamical Systems and Mathematical Physics."

Niroshika Monerawila Keppetipola, assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry: $106,500 continuing award from the National Institutes of Health for the project "Role of Phosphorylation in RNA Binding Protein Function."

Nikolas Nikolaidis, professor of biological science: a continuing award of $104,325 from the National Institutes of Health for the project titled "Interaction Between HspA1A, a 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein and Lipids in Stressed Cells."Related: Researchers Discover Protein's Journey That Could Lead to Cancer Therapeutics

Pablo Costa, associate professor of kinesiology: $94,599 from NuLiv Science USA Inc.for "The Effects of ActiGin on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage for Improving Recovery."

Kenneth "John" Faller, associate professor of computer engineering: $86,829 from the University of West Florida for the CNC Machine Tool Controls Integrity Verification project.

David Pagni, professor of mathematics: $80,483 from the Regents of the University of California, San Diego, for the project titled "Mathematics Diagnostic Testing Project."

Danielle Zacherl, professor of biological science: $55,103 from Merkle & Associates Inc. for "San Diego Bay Native Oyster Monitoring Project." Separately, Zacherl received $39,923 from the Regents of the University of California, San Diego, for "Not So Shellfish Afterall."Related: Deep Dive Into Marine Life and Preserving Southern California's Shorelines

Natalie Fousekis, professor of history: $37,661 award from the Secretary of State for the California State Library Archives Oral History project.

Tu-Uyen Nguyen, associate professor of Asian American studies: $25,560 from the Regents of the University of California on behalf of UCI for the Cancer Navigation for Vietnamese Americans (CANVAS) project.

Nicholas T. Salzameda, associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry: $25,000 award from the Allergan Foundation for the project titled "CSUF Research and Education in Drug Discovery Program 2020-21."

Rachel Fenning, associate professor of child and adolescent studies: $24,356 from the Regents of the University of California, Irvine (Health Resources and Services Administration) for "Improving Participation in Dental Care and Oral Health Outcomes for Underserved Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder."

Katie Savant, director of government and community relations: $19,118 from the Trustees of California State University for the California Complete Count Census 2020 project.

Mara Soledad Ramrez, associate professor of biological science: $10,650 in third-year funding from the National Institutes of Health for "Identifying Host Human Products in Acinetobacter baumannii."Related: Shedding Light on Superbug Infections

Marcelo Tolmasky, professor of biological science: $3,191 in additional funds from the National Institutes of Health for the project titled "Los Angeles Basin-California State University Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Training Program Year 1-2 of 5." Related: International Research Program Addresses Global Health Disparities.

Contact: Karen Lindell, klindell@fullerton.edu

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Faculty and Staff Awarded Nearly $4.9 Million in Grants, Contracts - CSUF News

Induction into the Nu of Massachusetts Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa to be Celebrated Virtually – UMass News and Media Relations

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the cancellation of dozens of campus events and in this time of social distancing, virtual events have become the safest option.

Induction into the Nu of Massachusetts Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa normally occurs the same day as commencement, but the chapter officers, consisting of Jim Staros; biochemistry and molecular biology, Sheldon Goldman; political science, Kirby Deater-Deckerd; psychological and brain sciences and Joe Bartolomeo; English, created a video that was sent to this years inductees. The video is a condensed version of the traditional induction ceremony, using the same language, with each chapter officer dressed in full academic regalia.

I think that I speak for all of the officers that we regret would couldnt do this in person, says Staros, chapter president. Were all faced with this, in regards to commencement and all of the senior ceremonies. I think what all of us are trying to do is to try and give students a quality of an experience as we can, in regards to sheltering in place.

Founded in 1776, Phi Beta Kappa is the nations oldest and most prestigious honor society and open to students in the arts and sciences (the Colleges of Humanities and Fine Arts, Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Natural Sciences). In order to be considered, a junior must have a 3.95 GPA. For seniors, the GPA requirement is 3.85.

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Induction into the Nu of Massachusetts Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa to be Celebrated Virtually - UMass News and Media Relations

How does a baby ‘breathe’ while inside its mom? – The Conversation US

Mothering is synonymous with nurturing, probably because moms start providing for their kids even before theyre born.

A fetus relies on its mother to provide all the essentials. The placenta is key here; this organ develops in the uterus and is like a gateway that lets mom pass baby everything it needs to support its development.

After the mother eats, her body breaks the food down into glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and cholesterol that travel through channels or transporters in the placenta to the fetus. They provide the energy and the building blocks that the growing fetus uses as it develops organs, tissues and bones.

Vital electrolytes like sodium, chloride, calcium and iron pass through their own specific channels in the placenta or just diffuse from the mothers side to the fetuss.

Fetuses require oxygen for growth, too. Since their lungs are not exposed to air, they cant breathe on their own. Instead they rely on their mothers to provide the required oxygen through a remarkable biochemical process.

Im a biochemist, and its this process that made me fall in love with the discipline when I was a student. Its my favorite topic to present to my students today and helps explain why pregnant women can get so easily winded.

Some ingenious biochemistry is at the root of how oxygen travels throughout the human body.

A protein called hemoglobin is responsible for picking up oxygen in your lungs and carrying it via your bloodstream to all of your tissues. Hemoglobin contains iron, and its responsible for bloods red color. Its made up of four subunits, two each of two different types.

Each subunit contains one iron atom bound to a special compound called a heme that can interact with one oxygen molecule. Its an all-or-nothing situation; for hemoglobins in the same vicinity, theyre either all holding onto oxygen or have all released their oxygen. It depends on the concentration of oxygen in the environment the hemoglobin finds itself in.

When you take a good breath, the concentration of oxygen is high in your lungs. Hemoglobin in the area automatically picks up oxygen. Then it travels via your blood to tissues with lower oxygen concentrations, where it gives up the oxygen.

A molecule called 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, or BPG, facilitates oxygens release. It binds to the center cavity between the four subunits of hemoglobin to help the oxygen molecules pop free.

Fetuses are not exposed to air, and their lungs dont fully develop until after theyre born, so oxygen is another on the long list of things they must get through the placenta from their mothers.

Hemoglobin proteins are too big to cross the placenta. The maternal hemoglobins must give up their oxygen molecules on their side so the oxygen can cross over and be picked up by the fetal hemoglobins on the other side. The predicament is that since this is all happening in such close quarters, the hemoglobins should either all be holding on to oxygen or all be releasing it.

In order to circumvent this problem, fetal hemoglobin differs in structure from maternal hemoglobin. With just a few changes to the amino acids in its protein sequence, fetal hemoglobin does not bind well to BPG, the molecule that helps oxygen get loose from adult hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin also has a stronger affinity for oxygen than the adult version does.

So at the placental interface, where theres a lot of BPG, the maternal hemoglobin lets go of the oxygen and the fetal hemoglobin grabs ahold of it tightly. This process allows for effective and efficient transfer of oxygen from the mother to the fetus.

Shortly before babies are born, they start making some adult hemoglobin so that when they are breathing on their own, they can perform appropriate oxygen transfer throughout their little bodies. Usually by the time a baby reaches six months of age, the levels of fetal hemoglobin are very low, replaced almost completely by adult hemoglobin.

Academically, I knew about this remarkable biochemical process. But it wasnt until I was pregnant with my son that I really understood it. My miles in spinning class decreased, I lagged behind my husband and dog on our daily walks, and I ran out of breath climbing the three flights of stairs to my office. My sons hemoglobin was stealing my oxygen, so I had to breathe in more to complete routine tasks.

Once my baby was on the outside, breathing on his own with his mature hemoglobin functioning appropriately, I was more amazed than ever at the perfection of the science.

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How does a baby 'breathe' while inside its mom? - The Conversation US

Cover Corona Outbreak: Chitosan Market Size to Flourish with an Impressive CAGR during 2019 2025 – Cole of Duty

The Latest Research Report on Global Chitosan Market size | Industry Segment by Applications, by Type, Regional Outlook, Market Demand, Latest Trends, Global Chitosan Industry Share & Revenue by Manufacturers, Company Profiles, Growth Forecasts 2025. Analyzes current market size and upcoming 5 years growth of this industry.

According to the report, the Global Chitosan market is projected to register high demand during the forecast period with increasing demand from major end-use industries such as increasing demand due to growing inclination towards the use of renewable energy during the forecast period.

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A combined cycle power plant is a heat engine assembly that works in conjunction from the same heat source, converting it into mechanical energy that generally drives electrical generators in turn. The concept is that the operating fluid temperature in the system is still high enough after completing its cycle that a second subsequent heat engine extracts energy from the heat generated by the first engine.

With an emphasis on both organic and inorganic growth strategies, there have been several primary developments done by major companies include

Primex EHFHeppe Medical Chitosan GmbHVietnam FoodKitozyme S.A.AgratechAdvanced Biopolymers asBio21 Co., Ltd.G.T.C. Bio CorporationTaizhou City Fengrun Biochemical Co., Ltd.Zhejiang Golden-Shell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Ningbo Zhenhai Haixin Biological Products Co. Ltd.Weifang Haizhiyuan Biological Products Co., Ltd.Qingdao Yunzhou Biochemistry Co., LtdPanvo Organics Pvt LtdXianju Tengwang Chitosan FactoryPT Biotech SurindoKoyo Chemical Co., Ltd.

Key Factors Impacting Market Growth:

o Increasing demand due to growing inclination towards the use of renewable energy.

o Strict government regulations directing various industries towards reducing their carbon footprint

o New developments in the clean energy sector, prompting companies to expand the horizon for CCGT market globally

Market Segmentation:

By SourceShrimp, Crab, Krill, SquidBy ApplicationWater Treatment, Biomedical & Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, food & Beverage, Others

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Customization:

We provide customization of the study to meet specific requirements:

o By Segment

o By Sub-segment

o By Region/Country

Regional segmentation and analysis to understand growth patterns:

The market has been segmented in major regions to understand the global development and demand patterns of this market.

Detailed information for markets like North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Rest of the World is provided by the global outlook for the Global Chitosan market. During the forecast period, North America and Western Europe are projected as main regions for the shortwave infrared sector. As one of the developed regions, the energy & power sector is important for the operations of different industries in this area.

This is one of the key factors regulating Global Chitosan market growth in those regions. Some of the major countries covered in this region include the USA, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, etc.

During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific is expected to be one of the fastest-growing regions for the Global Chitosan market. Some of the fastest-growing economies and increasing energy & power demand to cater for high population & industries are expected to drive demand in this area. During the forecast period, China and India are expected to record large demand. During the forecast period, the Middle East which includes the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Qatar, and others promises high market potential. In terms of market demand during the forecast period, the rest of the world including South America and Africa are developing regions.

This report provides:

1) An overview of the global market for Global Chitosan market and related technologies.

2) Analysis of global market trends, yearly estimates and annual growth rate projections for compounds (CAGRs).

3) Identification of new market opportunities and targeted consumer marketing strategies for global Global Chitosan market.

4) Analysis of R&D and demand for new technologies and new applications

5) Extensive company profiles of key players in the industry.

The researchers have studied the market in-depth and have developed important segments such as product type, application, and region. Each and every segment and its sub-segments are analyzed based on their market share, growth prospects, and CAGR. Each market segment offers in-depth, both qualitative and quantitative information on market outlook.

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Cover Corona Outbreak: Chitosan Market Size to Flourish with an Impressive CAGR during 2019 2025 - Cole of Duty

In-depth Analysis of How COVID-19 is Impacting the Chlorfenapyr Market | Business Opportunities, Current Trends, Challenges and Market Analysis 2026 |…

The global Chlorfenapyr market has been garnering remarkable momentum in the recent years. The steadily escalating demand due to improving purchasing power is projected to bode well for the global market. QY Researchs latest publication, titled global Chlorfenapyr market, offers an insightful take on the drivers and restraints present in the market. It assesses the historical data pertaining to the global Chlorfenapyr market and compares it to the current market trends to give the readers a detailed analysis of the trajectory of the market. A team subject-matter experts have provided the readers a qualitative and quantitative data about the market and the various elements associated with it.

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Chlorfenapyr Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Chlorfenapyr Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Chlorfenapyr Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact.

Get the Sample of this Report with Detail TOC and List of [emailprotected]https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/1690207/covid-19-impact-on-global-chlorfenapyr-market

The research report covers the trends that are currently implemented by the major manufacturers in the Chlorfenapyr market including adoption of new technology, government investments on R&D, shifting in perspective towards sustainability, and others. Additionally, the researchers have also provided the figures necessary to understand the manufacturer and its contribution to both regional and global market:

BASF, Dow AgroScience, Triveni Interchem, Kenvos, Nanjing Gaozheng Agrochemical, Kaifeng Bokai Biochemistry, Yonglong Chemical, Hunan Dejia Biochemical Tech, Yinguang Chemical, Chemtac, Zhejiang Rayfull Chemicals

The research report is broken down into chapters, which are introduced by the executive summary. Its the introductory part of the chapter, which includes details about global market figures, both historical and estimates. The executive summary also provides a brief about the segments and the reasons for the progress or decline during the forecast period. The insightful research report on the global Chlorfenapyr market includes Porters five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to understand the factors impacting consumer and supplier behavior.

Market Segments Covered:

Segmentation by Product Types:Active Ingredient Content 95%Active Ingredient Content 99%Other

Segmentation by Applications:AgricultureForestry

Regions Covered in the Global Chlorfenapyr Market:

The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt) North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada) South America (Brazil etc.) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

Highlights of the Report Accurate market size and CAGR forecasts for the period 2019-2025 Identification and in-depth assessment of growth opportunities in key segments and regions Detailed company profiling of top players of the global Chlorfenapyr market Exhaustive research on innovation and other trends of the global Chlorfenapyr market Reliable industry value chain and supply chain analysis Comprehensive analysis of important growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and growth prospects

The scope of the Report:

The report segments the global Chlorfenapyr market on the basis of application, type, service, technology, and region. Each chapter under this segmentation allows readers to grasp the nitty-gritties of the market. A magnified look at the segment-based analysis is aimed at giving the readers a closer look at the opportunities and threats in the market. It also address political scenarios that are expected to impact the market in both small and big ways.The report on the global Chlorfenapyr market examines changing regulatory scenario to make accurate projections about potential investments. It also evaluates the risk for new entrants and the intensity of the competitive rivalry.

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Strategic Points Covered in TOC:

Chapter 1: Introduction, market driving force product scope, market risk, market overview, and market opportunities of the global Chlorfenapyr market

Chapter 2: Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the global Chlorfenapyr market which consists of its revenue, sales, and price of the products

Chapter 3: Displaying the competitive nature among key manufacturers, with market share, revenue, and sales

Chapter 4: Presenting global Chlorfenapyr market by regions, market share and with revenue and sales for the projected period

Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 : To evaluate the market by segments, by countries and by manufacturers with revenue share and sales by key countries in these various regions

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In-depth Analysis of How COVID-19 is Impacting the Chlorfenapyr Market | Business Opportunities, Current Trends, Challenges and Market Analysis 2026 |...

Vitamin D deficiency and supplements: Should you take them? – TODAY

Vitamin D may be best known for the role it plays in helping to build and maintain healthy bones, but since the coronavirus crisis started, many people have been wondering which nutrients are involved in supporting the immune system and vitamin D happens to be one such nutrient. While the current evidence doesnt support claims that any particular vitamin (or other nutrient or supplement) can help prevent, treat or cure COVID-19, vitamin D plays an important role in how your immune system functions, and notably, in its fight against viruses. Heres why you need to pay attention to vitamin D, along with tips to make sure youre getting enough of this key nutrient.

What is vitamin D and what does it do?

In its active form in your body, vitamin D is a hormone thats deeply involved in your health. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones may become brittle and weak, and ultimately susceptible to fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women. Though it isnt definitive, research suggests that vitamin D may help protect against type 2 diabetes. And theres evidence that a vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of autoimmune conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis.

What is most top-of-mind for many right now is how Vitamin D is involved in enabling you to mount a healthy defense against immune system invaders, like viruses. Studies have suggested that people with low levels of this nutrient are more likely to catch upper respiratory infections, like colds and flus. A recent analysis concluded that people taking a daily vitamin D supplement are more likely to stay infection-free. This benefit was even more pronounced among those who had extremely low vitamin D levels to begin with.

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According to Bruce Hollis, Ph.D., a professor of pediatrics, biochemistry and molecular biology and the director of pediatric nutritional sciences at the Medical University of South Carolina, vitamin D is one of the most potent immune-regulating hormones. When your body senses a viral intruder, your immune cells release cells called cytokines. Some of these cells cause an inflammatory process and when your immune system is operating well, this process is slowed down by the release of other cytokine cells.

In people with severe illness from COVID-19, however, one of the factors that leads to death is a cytokine storm a type of response in which the bodys immune system goes haywire because the inflammatory cells are operating in overdrive. Vitamin D acts to bring this action under control, says Hollis. While we cant say that vitamin D can prevent COVID-19, a new report in the journal, Nutrients, suggests that theres enough evidence to warrant making sure your vitamin D level is in a healthy range, especially if youre at risk for serious infection from coronavirus.

Whos at risk for low vitamin D?

The NIH suggests that there are a number of people who are at risk for low vitamin D levels. Among them are people who get limited exposure to sunlight, which is a large portion of the population on lockdown. Older adults, individuals with dark skin and people with bigger bodies (whether overweight or obese) may be more likely to have low vitamin D levels. People with celiac disease, Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are also at greater risk. Where you live matters too. If you live in northern areas that get fewer days of sunlight, youre more likely to have a vitamin D deficiency.

Finding out if your vitamin D levels are low involves a simple blood test. While its ideal to get tested, Hollis says he assumes that everyone who walks through his door is vitamin D deficient. If youre not currently taking supplements, its a pretty safe bet your levels are low, he says.

Sources of vitamin D?

Its always a good idea to think about food before supplements, but the reality is that vitamin D is hard to come by in foods. Its found naturally in oily fish, like salmon and to a lesser extent, sardines, as well as in certain mushrooms and egg yolks. Its also in select fortified foods, such as milk and certain fortified yogurt, orange juice and cereals.

Like its nickname, the sunshine vitamin, suggests, you can also score some vitamin D from spending time in the sun. When exposed to sunlight, your skin activates to manufacture vitamin D. However, this process varies depending on the time of day, amount of cloud or smog cover and whether your body is covered in clothing or sunscreen. Any of these factors will hinder the conversion process, which means youll make less vitamin D. And unexposed sun time isnt even advised since it raises your risk of skin cancer.

Should you take a vitamin D supplement?

While most experts agree that you cant reach optimal vitamin D status with food and sunlight alone, its still a good idea to eat two servings of seafood a week a recommendation from our countrys latest Dietary Guidelines that helps ensure you get a range of healthful nutrients, in addition to some vitamin D. If youre choosing a plant-based milk alternative, make sure its fortified with vitamin D. The amount varies from brand to brand (some arent fortified at all), so its be sure to check. Since shopping for groceries is stressful enough these days, look at labels as youre unpacking your groceries and if your usual plant-based milk isnt fortified, try another brand the next time you shop.

Even with some sunshine and a healthy diet that includes vitamin D-rich foods, a supplement is likely necessary. Guidelines published in 2018 in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology suggest supplements are needed to reach healthy blood concentrations. How much vitamin D is recommended? In 2011, the Endocrine Society released guidelines recommending 1,500-2,000 IUs to maintain a vitamin D status above 30 ng/mL. However, Hollis says that his research group and other researchers worldwide target 40-60 ng/mL as the optimal blood level. To reach that level, adults need 4,000-6,000 IUs of vitamin D3 per day, says Hollis. This should be a lifetime supplementation and not only in times of medical peril. Since the Institutes of Medicine sets the upper limit at 4,000 IUs daily, you may want to schedule a virtual visit with your MD before going above that.

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Vitamin D deficiency and supplements: Should you take them? - TODAY

Remdesivir explained what makes this drug work against viruses? – The Conversation US

With the FDA approving Gileads Remdesivir as an emergency use treatment for the most acute cases of COVID-19, many people are wondering what type of a drug it is.

Remdesivir is a member of one of the oldest and most important classes of drugs known as nucleoside analogue. Currently there are more than 30 of these types of drugs that have been approved for use in treating viruses, cancers, parasites, as well as bacterial and fungal infections, with many more currently in clinical and preclinical trials.

I am a medicinal chemist who has worked in design and synthesis of these important drug treatments for over 30 years. I have written numerous reviews over the years about these drugs and their structure and function, and as a result have had many inquiries lately from friends, family and others not in the field asking me to explain what exactly is it about Remdesivir that makes it so effective, but also why it is so interesting. Understanding why means digging into the biochemistry of this class of drugs.

The reason nucleoside analogues and a similar group called nucleotide analogues are so effective is that they resemble the naturally occurring molecules known as nucleosides cytidine, thymidine, uridine, guanosine and adenosine. These are the essential building blocks for the DNA and RNA that carry our genetic information and play critical roles in our bodys biological processes.

Slight differences in the chemical structure of these analogues from naturally occurring compounds make them effective as drugs. If an organism like a virus incorporates a nucleoside analogue into its genetic material, rather than the real thing, even small changes to the structure of these building blocks prevent the regular chemistry from happening and ultimately foils the ability of the virus to replicate.

The basic structure of a nucleoside includes a sugar group and a base (A, C, G, T or U), and in the case of a nucleotide, a group containing a phosphate which is a collection of oxygen and phosphorus atoms.

The first nucleoside analogues were approved for medicinal use in the 1950s. The early nucleosides had only simple modifications, typically either to the sugar or the base, while todays nucleosides, such as Remdesivir, typically have several modifications to their structure. These modifications are essential to their therapeutic activity.

This activity occurs because nucleoside/tide analogues mimic the structure of a natural nucleoside or nucleotide such that they are recognized by, for example, viruses. Due to those structural modifications, however, they stop or interrupt viral replication, which stops the virus from multiplying and infecting more cells in the body.

As a result, they are known as direct-acting antivirals, and this is the case for Remdesivir, which works by blocking the coronaviruss RNA polymerase one of the key enzymes that this virus needs to replicate its genetic material (RNA) and proliferate in our bodies. Remdesivir works when the enzyme replicating the genetic material for a new generation of viruses accidentally grabs this nucleoside analogue rather than the natural molecule and incorporates it into the growing RNA strand. Doing this essentially blocks the rest of the RNA from being replicated; this in turn prevents the virus from multiplying.

The drug Remdesivir is basically an altered version of the natural building block adenosine which is essential for DNA and RNA. Comparing the structure of Remdesivir with adenosine, one can see there are three key modifications that make it effective.

The first is that Remdesivir, as it is administered, is not the actual active drug; it is actually a prodrug, meaning it must be modified once in the body before it becomes an active drug. Prodrugs are used for many reasons, including protecting a drug until it reaches its site of action. The active form of Remdesivir contains three phosphate groups; it is this form that is recognized by the viruss RNA polymerase enzyme.

The second important modification on Remdesivir is the carbon-nitrogen (CN) group attached to the sugar. Once Remdesivir is incorporated into the RNA growing chain, the presence of this CN group causes the shape of the sugar to pucker, which, in turn, distorts the shape of the RNA strand such that only three more nucleotides can be added. This terminates the production of the RNA strand and is what ultimately sabotages the replication of the virus.

The third important structural feature which makes Remdesivir differ from adenosine is the change of one particular chemical bond on the molecule. Rather than a bond linking a carbon and nitrogen atoms, chemists replaced the nitrogen with another carbon, creating a carbon-carbon bond. This is critical to the success of this drug because coronaviruses have a special enzyme that recognizes unnatural nucleosides and clips them out. But by changing this chemical bond, Remdesivir cannot be removed by the enzyme, allowing it to stay in the growing chain and block replication.

Remdesivir originally was found during a drug discovery program at Gilead to search for inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus, which is another RNA virus. Although Gilead ultimately selected a different nucleoside analogue for treatment of hepatitis the company tested the drug to see if it was effective against other RNA viruses. Remdesivir exhibited potent activity against Ebola and Middle Eastern respiratory virus, among others.

Now the drug is being tested against the SAR-CoV-2 virus in the first clinical trial launched in the United States.

According to the NIH, patients who received Remdesivir had a faster recovery compared to those who received placebo; 11 days compared with 15 days for those who received the placebo. Results also suggested a survival benefit, with a mortality rate of 8.0% for the group receiving Remdesivir versus 11.6% for the placebo group, according to the NIH press release.

While these results are preliminary, there are a plethora of clinical trials underway across the world. Regardless, a certain amount of caution is still needed. As noted by Dr. Anthony Fauci on NBCs Today show, the antiviral drug Remdesivir is the first step in what we project will be better and better drugs coming along to treat COVID-19, but cautioned, This is not the total answer.

I share this view with many other scientists in the field. No matter what those results ultimately show, Remdesivir will mostly certainly be part of a cocktail of drugs, just as is standard for treating other viruses such as HIV and hepatitis C.

A combination, or cocktail, of drugs will provide a more effective and more complete therapy that blocks the virus from replicating. The other benefit of such a drug cocktail is that it lowers the chance the virus will develop resistance to the therapy. In the meantime, these early results for Remdesivir are proving to be an important source of hope for many of us across the world as we wait for this pandemic to subside.

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Remdesivir explained what makes this drug work against viruses? - The Conversation US

UMass Amherst Student Speaker Grace Jung to Help Lead Virtual Celebration for Class of 2020; 21st Century Leaders Selected – UMass News and Media…

AMHERST, Mass. Student Speaker Grace Jung of the University of Massachusetts Amherst will play a leading role Friday during a virtual celebration of the universitys Class of 2020.

Jung, whose hometown is Newton, was selected as the student speaker for the virtual celebration and for an in-person commencement to be held at a later date. She is a biochemistry and molecular biology major who plans on applying to dental school with the goal of becoming a pediatric dentist. She has volunteered through the UMass Center for Women and Community as a Massachusetts-trained rape crisis counselor and has been involved in the UMass Pre-Dental Society and the American Student Dental Association. Jung also was co-manager of the student-run business Campus Design and Copy.

The culminating virtual event honoring the achievement of this years graduating class will be available on Friday, May 8, at 4:30 p.m. EDT atwww.umass.edu/UMass2020. During the 15-minute streaming video celebration, Chancellor Kumble Subbaswamy will lead a tribute that honors the graduating class.

In addition, the university has selected 10 members of the Class of 2020 as 21st Century Leaders for their exemplary achievement, initiative and leadership:

Nathalie Amazan of western Long Island, New York, is a Commonwealth Honors College student with a double major in political science and legal studies with a minor in Afro-American studies. Recognized as a student leader, Amazan served as a member of the Student Government Association, rising to the position of vice president. She also founded the UMass Restorative Justice Initiative through her fellowship with Young People For and a partnership with the UMass Center for Education Policy and Advocacy to bring a restorative justice program to campus. She co-founded the UMass Prison Abolition Collective in 2016 and served on the W.E.B. Du Bois Afro-American Studies Undergraduate Council. She has worked as an intern for the UMass Student Legal Services Office and the ACLU. Her plans are to take the LSAT this summer and start law school in 2022 after doing legal advocacy work in New York and continuing to write and perform poetry.

Racquel Bitar is a Commonwealth Honors College student graduating with a degree in microbiology and a minor in anthropology. The Paxton native has worked as a research assistant for Professor Mark Pachuckis research group in sociology and in Professor Luke Remage-Healeys lab in psychology and brain sciences, as a resident assistant, a teaching assistant in biology, a medical scribe at the UMass Memorial Medical Center and as a career peer advisor in the College of Natural Sciences. Bitar also volunteers as a court appointed special advocate in Worcester, work she intends to continue while serving as a medical scribe as she applies to medical school. She is a member of Phi Sigma Pi, a national honor fraternity and the Arab Cultural Association, where she served as public relations officer and treasurer.

Christopher Clark of Westfield, a Commonwealth Honors College student receiving a degree in environmental science and STEM-German, plans to pursue a masters degree in environmental health sciences from the University of Michigans School of Public Health and eventually a Ph.D. Clark worked in the research lab of Professor Alicia Timme-Laragy in environmental health sciences doing toxicology research. Clarks leadership experience includes working on the steering committee and as a community organizer for Westfield Residents Advocating for Themselves, which led an effort that resulted in a CDC-sponsored exposure assessment and an increase in regulation for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Clark also served on the Student Government Association as chief of staff and undersecretary of sustainability. He has received numerous academic awards, including a Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship awarded by the U.S. State Department to study abroad in Germany.

Jonathan DeMarco of Hopkinton is a civil/environmental engineering major who will begin work as an environmental engineer in New York City upon graduation. He plans on studying for a masters degree from UMass Amherst as well. DeMarco has worked as a student ambassador in the deans office of the College of Engineering and worked as an engineering study abroad essentials coordinator with the International Programs Office (IPO) at UMass to implement a long-term IPO program that will assist engineers to engage in study abroad. He was involved in the Engineers Without Borders chapter on campus and traveled to Kenya and Ghana to assist communities by implementing various water-related infrastructure.

Deanna Ferrante of Carver is a Commonwealth Honors College student and a psychological and brain sciences major with a minor in education and a letter of specialization in developmental disabilities and human services. She interned at the National Organization on Disability, where she was awarded the Kaitlin Geraghty Memorial Prize for excellence in disability inclusion, and at the Assistive Technology Center at UMass. Ferrante also worked as a resident assistant and received numerous academic awards, including Outstanding Overall Senior from the department of Psychological and Brain Sciences. Ferrante founded the Alliance Against Ableism, an on-campus activism group that advocates for people with disabilities. Her future plans include working for an asset management firm as a human resources analyst and exploring post-graduate opportunities in industrial-organizational psychology.

Victoria Ishola of Worcester will receive a bachelors degree in business administration in finance from the Isenberg School of Management. Her plans are to work for a couple of years in the private sector before pursuing a law degree. At UMass, Ishola served as secretary of finance for the Student Government Association, the first black female student to do so, and reformed various financial processes within SGA. She also was voted in as UMasss first black Homecoming queen in 2018 and worked as a resident assistant. Ishola also is a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority and participated in the UMass Black Mass Communication Project as its treasurer. Ishola says that being a student leader in the Black community on campus helped her advocate for less-seen campus groups and to remind other students of color not to be limited by one or more of their identities.

Carl McDonald of Carmel, N.Y., is a Commonwealth Honors College student majoring in nursing. McDonald worked as a resident assistant and UMass tour guide for the admissions office. He is the social actions coordinator for the Student Nurses Association on campus and worked as a nurse extern at the New York-Presbyterian Psychiatry hospital last summer, where he received a Tier III Award for saving a patients life by performing the Heimlich maneuver. His career goal is to move to New York City and work as an oncology nurse and eventually study for a psychiatric nurse practitioner degree to work with patients suffering from substance abuse disorder or schizophrenia. He published an article with faculty on end-of-life knowledge among university nursing students and presented on the same topic at national nursing conferences.

Daniela Molina Palacios, a Commonwealth Honors College student and member of Phi Beta Kappa, is graduating with a degree in biochemistry and molecular biology. A native of Venezuela, Palacios has participated in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) COVID-19 Challenge in April, assisting with UbiquiTest, a virtual platform that can advise healthcare professionals and companies on which populations can benefit from group testing. Shes also worked as a summer research intern at MIT and in the lab of Professor John Stoffolano, with whom she did her honors thesis. She also worked as a teaching assistant in biochemistry, a resident assistant and an academic peer advisor in biochemistry and molecular biology. Palacioss leadership extended to projects off campus as well, where she served as a tutor for Eureka! Girls Inc. in Holyoke. She also was a member of the Workplace Climate Committee in biochemistry and molecular biology. Her future plans include working as a research associate at MIT and eventually pursuing a Ph.D.

Jeremy Paradie of Holliston is graduating with a bachelors degree in individual concentration (BDIC) in creative mechatronics, a multidisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on both electrical and mechanical systems. While at UMass, Paradie started in the electrical and computer engineering program, but he transitioned based on his interest in a more interdisciplinary experience to the BDIC program, where he could design his own major and extend his learning experiences beyond engineering and into landscape architecture, theater and the cognitive sciences program at Hampshire College. Working with faculty in landscape architecture, Paradie helped with several interactive walkway projects, including one called Step and Flash, which created a piezoelectric walkway with a goal of harvesting energy from footsteps. He also contributed to a temporary installation called FutureWATERS along East Bostons greenway. On campus, Paradie worked at the All-Campus Makerspace and managed the M5 Makerspace for electrical and computer systems engineers. He was a teaching assistant at Hampshire College and in landscape architecture. He has participated in several hackathons and maker fairs. His future plans include graduate school.

Timothy Scalona is a Commonwealth Honors College student with a double major in political science and a BDIC in policy, journalism and storytelling with a minor in Spanish from Wilmington. He has worked as a resident assistant and is the founder of the First-Generation Low-Income Student Partnership, which advocates for centralized campus support systems for first-generation, low-income students. Scalona has written about and been featured in the media as a previously homeless college student and did his senior thesis on the Massachusetts Emergency Assistance program and his familys experiences in it. He also served on the Student Government Association and chaired its Social Justice and Empowerment Committee. He has worked as a caseworker intern at Amherst Community Connections, assisting homeless individuals with job and housing searches, and as a district intern for former State Rep. Solomon Goldstein-Rose of Amherst. Scalona is a member of the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity and helped lead efforts to support the UMass student food pantry and other projects for low-income students. His future plans include pursuing a masters degree in public policy at UMass Amherst and eventually applying to law school.

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UMass Amherst Student Speaker Grace Jung to Help Lead Virtual Celebration for Class of 2020; 21st Century Leaders Selected - UMass News and Media...