Coherent Market Insights recently published a detailed study of Biochemistry Analyzers Market covering interesting aspects of the market with supporting development scenarios ranging from 2018-2026. The report delivers the clean elaborated structure of the Market comprising each and every business-related information of the market at a global level. The complete range of information related to the Global Market is obtained through various sources and this obtained bulk of the information is arranged, processed, and represented by a group of specialists through the application of different methodological techniques and analytical tools such as SWOT analysis to generate a whole set of trade-based study regarding the Biochemistry Analyzers.

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This report assesses the growth rate and the market value on the basis of the key market dynamics, as well as the growth inducing factors. The complete study is based on the up-to-date industry news, growth potentials, and Market trends. It also contains an in-depth analysis of the market and competitive scenario, together with the analysis of the leading competitors.

Competitive Analysis:

The key players are highly focusing on innovation in production technologies to improve efficiency and shelf life. The best long-term growth opportunities for this sector can be captured by ensuring ongoing process improvements and financial flexibility to invest in optimal strategies. Few Market Key Players are Abbott, Danaher Corporation, F.Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Siemens AG, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Randox Laboratories Ltd., Meril, Hologic Inc., Beckman Coulter Inc., and Horiba Medical.

This report examines and evaluates the market for a Biochemistry Analyzers at a global and regional scale. The market has been projected on the basis of revenue (USD Million) and volume (million square meters) from 2018 to 2026. The report further includes the different factors that are responsible for driving and restraining the growth of the market. It also covers the consequences of these driving and restraining factors on demand for the Market during the forecast period. The study also consists of potential growth opportunities in the global and regional markets.

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North America: United States, Canada, and Mexico.South & Central America: Argentina, Chile, and Brazil.Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Turkey, Egypt, and South Africa.Europe: UK, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Russia.Asia-Pacific: India, China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia.

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Highlights of the Biochemistry Analyzers Market

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The following queries are answered in this comprehensive document:

1. What is the market size of the global and regional levels?2. Which are the top countries and what is their market size?3. Which are the growth opportunities in the coming years?4. Which are the top players and what is their market share?5. Which are the risk factors affecting market growth?

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Biochemistry Analyzers Market Competitive Insights, Production Overview and Forecasts | Download Pdf Brochure - Crypto Journal

Two University of Cambridge scientists have been named as among the most influential researchers in the world - and responded with a message about Brexit.

Professor Paul Dupree and Professor Steve Jackson, of the Department of Biochemistry, were named as 2019 Highly Cited Researchers, as they research is among the top one per cent most cited worldwide.

Prof Dupree, who explores the extracellular matrix in plants and cell wall biosynthesis, said: I am very proud once again in 2019 to be named a Highly Cited Researcher. This reflects the outstanding work of our group members over many years to produce reproducible, exciting findings addressing the big questions in science that directly impact society, such as sustainable energy and material resources, and improvement of our diet.

He added: The result of the Brexit referendum has caused uncertainty and stress amongst my team members from other EU countries.

The UK must continue to attract the top students and researchers from elsewhere in the EU. We benefit in the UK from being fully integrated into many EU research programmes. The amazing high tech companies clustered around Cambridge are evidence of the impact top research in Cambridge has on job and wealth creation for the UK.

Prof Jackson, head of the Gurdon Institute's Cancer Research UK labs and the Frederick James Quick professor of biology, studies how our genomes remain stable, through processes such as DNA damage response.

It is a great honour to be on the list of 2019 Highly Cited Researchers, he said. This presumably reflects my laboratory's recent and past research publications having been well received by our peers in the research community.

Read more

How Cambridge biochemist Prof Paul Dupree teamed up with his 80-year-old dad to solve plant mystery

Gurdon Institute research uncovers new genes responsible for genome stability

Prof Steve Jackson of Gurdon Institute wins prestigious European cancer research prize

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Brexit message as University of Cambridges Prof Paul Dupree and Prof Steve Jackson named as 2019 Highly Cited Researchers - Cambridge Independent

Fifty-two faculty members and researchers at the University of California San Diego are among the worlds most influential in their fields. The Web of Science Group, an information and technology provider for the global scientific research community, compiled its2019 Highly Cited Researcherslist of more than 6,000 scientists from around the world whose studies were among the top 1% of most-cited publications in their field over the past 11 years.

The number of highly cited researchers from UC San Diego increased by 13% over last years number of forty-six. The listing covers 21 fields of study as well as a cross-field category for researchers who are widely cited across multiple fields. UC San Diego had researchers listed in 14 fields, with the most cited in cross-field (23), followed by molecular biology and genetics (5), clinical medicine (4) and social sciences (4).

UC San Diego has some of the most dedicated, brilliant and hard-working faculty and researchers in the world. Their inclusion on the list of highly cited researchers is a measure of their impact in their respective fields of study as they continue to advance the frontiers of knowledge, said Chancellor Pradeep K. Khosla.

Of particular note is Director for the Center of Microbiome Innovation Rob Knights inclusion in three separate areas of study (biology and biochemistry, environment and ecology, microbiology). Out of 6,216 highly cited researchers, only 11 were cited in three fields, making Knight part of a super elite 0.3% of those listed.

There were also 23 Nobel laureates on the list, one of whom, Roger Tsien, was a distinguished professor of both Pharmacology in the School of Medicine and of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UC San Diego until his death in 2016. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with two others in 2008 for discovering and developing green fluorescent protein.

David Pendlebury, Senior Citation Analyst at the Web of Science Groups Institute for Scientific Information said that the highly cited researchers create gains for society, innovation and knowledge that make the world healthier, richer, more sustainable and more secure.

It is especially encouraging to see not only the number of highly cited researchers at the university, but the broad range of fields in which they are cited. It really speaks to the fact that UC San Diego conducts groundbreaking research across a wide range of disciplines, said Vice Chancellor for Research Sandra A. Brown. I congratulate everyone on their excellent research and contributions.

The 52 UC San Diego faculty members named by Web of Science and the fields of study in which they were cited are:

Gregory Aarons,social sciences

Ludmil Alexandrov, molecular biology and genetics

David Brenner,cross-field

Kristin Cadenhead,psychiatry/psychology

Kelli Cain, social sciences

Shu Chien, cross-field

Don Cleveland,neuroscience and behavior

Seth Cohen,chemistry

Pieter Dorrestein,cross-field

Mark Ellisman, cross-field

Mark Estelle,plant and animal science

Michael Folger, cross-field

Anthony Gamst, cross-field

Christopher Glass,molecular biology and genetics

Uri Gneezy,economics and business

Antonio Gonzalez, microbiology

Kun-Liang Guan,molecular biology and genetics

Trey Ideker,cross-field

Michael Karin,molecular biology and genetics

Arthur Kavanaugh,clinical medicine

Dusan Keres, space science

Rob Knight,(listed in 3 fields) biology and biochemistry, environment and ecology, microbiology

Razelle Kurzrock, clinical medicine

Lisa Levin, cross-field

Irene Litvan, neuroscience and behavior

Rohit Loomba, clinical medicine

Prashant Mali, biology and biochemistry

Eliezer Masliah, cross-field

Victor Nizet, cross-field

Jerrold Olefsky,cross-field

Bernhard Palsson,biology and biochemistry

Veerabhadran Ramanathan,cross-field

Bing Ren,molecular biology and genetics

Jeremy Rich, cross-field

Douglas Richman,cross-field

Michael Sailor,cross-field

James Sallis,social sciences

William Sandborn,clinical medicine

Bernd Schnabl, cross-field

Julian Schroeder,plant and animal science

Terrence Sejnowski, cross-field

Claude Sirlin, cross-field

Murray Stein,psychiatry/psychology

Steffanie Strathdee, cross-field

Roger Tsien, cross-field

Ming Tsuang,psychiatry/psychology

Joseph Wang,chemistry

Shang-Ping Xie,geosciences

Gene Yeo, cross-field

Kun Zhang, cross-field

Liangfang Zhang,cross-field

Yunde Zhao, plant and animal science

Shu-Hong Zhu, social sciences

You can read about Web of Sciences methodology on their website.

UC San Diegos Studio Ten 300 offers radio and television connections for media interviews with our faculty. For more information, email .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address).

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52 UC San Diego Researchers Are Most Highly Cited in Their Fields - UC San Diego Health

Three University of WisconsinMadison students reached the final stage of competition this year for Rhodes Scholarships, the oldest and most celebrated college awards for international study.

The 32 Americans chosen as Rhodes Scholars were announced Saturday. An additional 204 students were finalists for the coveted awards, including UWMadison students Kevin Crosby, Claire Evensen and Lauren Jorgensen.

To be a finalist is truly remarkable, and we congratulate Claire, Lauren and Kevin on this impressive accomplishment and on all theyve achieved, says UWMadison Provost John Karl Scholz. These three students have been leaders on our campus, in the community, and beyond. I want to thank them for reflecting so well on this institution and on the many opportunities we offer to learn in and outside the classroom what we call the Wisconsin Experience.

Hundreds of elite applicants from dozens of colleges and universities vie for the Rhodes Scholarships each year. Candidates are judged on a proven record of intellectual and academic achievement, integrity of character, interest in and respect for others, leadership ability, and the energy to fully utilize their talents.

UWMadisons finalists excel in science, research and service to the campus and community.

Kevin Crosby

Crosby, a senior from Brandywine, Maryland, is majoring in nutritional sciences, with a certificate in environmental studies. He has interned three summers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (part of the National Institutes of Health) and two years at the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison. He received a competitive National Science Foundation scholarship to participate in the Community Environmental Scholars Program through the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at UWMadison.

Crosby serves as a peer mentor for both the Physics Learning Center on campus and the Department of Biochemistry, and hes an undergraduate teaching assistant in the Department of Nutritional Sciences.

Outside the classroom, Crosby has volunteered as a cultural coalition chair for a consortium of three residence halls, working with a team to create a more culturally inclusive campus. Through the Badgers Volunteers Program, he has assisted with the operation of The River food pantry in Madison and an afterschool program at a local elementary school.

Crosby attends UWMadison on a full-tuition scholarship through the Posse Foundation, which identifies students with extraordinary leadership potential and partners with top universities to diversify their applicant pools. He will graduate in the spring.

Claire Evensen Photo by Sheyenne Tung

Evensen, a senior from Verona, Wisconsin, is majoring in biochemistry and mathematics, with comprehensive honors (honors in biochemistry and in the liberal arts). She will graduate in the spring.

She is both a Goldwater Scholar and an Astronaut Scholar national awards that support the next generation of scientists, explorers and innovators. For three years, Evensen has researched the biophysics of transcription initiation with John D. Ferry Professor of Biochemistry Thomas Record. She has earned several prestigious campus research grants to support her work, including a Hilldale Undergraduate Research Fellowship, the universitys top research grant. She has presented her research at national conferences and earned second authorship on a paper published in the journal Biochemistry.

As president of the UWMadison student chapter of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Evensen has organized a regional conference so that her fellow members can benefit from the research presentation and networking opportunities she has had. She secured regional meeting status from the national organization, raised funds for a $10,000 budget, and recruited a student planning team. This coming March, roughly 200 undergraduates from throughout the Midwest are expected to attend the Molecules in the Midwest conference at UWMadison.

Lauren Jorgensen

Jorgensen, of Stillwater, Minnesota, graduated from UWMadison in May 2019 with a bachelors degree in agronomy and community and environmental sociology, with certificates in environmental studies, food systems, and global health. She currently is pursuing a masters degree in public affairs through an accelerated program at the Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs at UWMadison. She expects to complete the masters degree in the spring.

Early in her undergraduate career, Jorgensen developed an interest in food access and food policy. Since 2017, she has interned with the UWMadison School of Medicine and Public Healths Population Health Institute, where she has helped develop a school wellness policy initiative and evaluate a statewide public health nutrition program. As a food policy intern with the city of Madison, Jorgensen produced a map of food insecurity within the city limits. For her senior thesis, she researched rural and urban food insecurity throughout Wisconsin. She received a Hilldale Undergraduate Research Fellowship to support her work. On campus, she helped establish the Campus Food Shed, which recovers edible produce that would otherwise be thrown away.

Rhodes Scholarships typically provide all expenses for two or three years of study at Oxford University in England. This years winners will enter Oxford next fall and are referred to as the 2020 class of Rhodes Scholars.

UWMadisonslast Rhodes Scholarswere Colin Higgins (Rhodes Class of 2016), Drew Birrenkott (Class of 2014), and Alexis Brown (Class of 2012).

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Three UWMadison students named 2020 Rhodes finalists - University of Wisconsin-Madison

When he first entered college, Riqiang Yan wanted to be a doctor. But he soon changed paths when he realized how exciting the research tract was.

When I had just graduated high school, I was kind of nave. I didnt know much about the field until I came to college and became more fascinated by the research, Yan says. I wanted to make knowledge in the science part.

Yan began doing research during his undergraduate thesis project, which was trying to develop a new drug formulation for ulcer treatment at Shanghai Medical University. He was so interested in the project that he continued working on it even after his graduated, which was very unusual at that time for a student who otherwise could have enjoyed time off during the summer break. Yan credits Prof. Yuanming Ma () with providing him that opportunity, and guided him toward the research career path he eventually followed. Following this experience, Yan received his masters degree in biochemistry at Shanghai Medical University and went on to earn his Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University of Kentucky.

Yan is now one of the worlds leading Alzheimers disease researchers. He is a professor and chairman of UConn Healths Department of Neuroscience, leading discovery efforts at UConns School of Medicine. Yan came to UConn from the Cleveland Clinic in 2018. He established the first research program focused on studying Alzheimers and other forms of neurodegenerative disease in hopes of potentially discovering effective treatments.

Yans arrival at UConn also ushered in a host of research collaboration opportunities across the School of Medicine and its departments of neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, neurobiology, the Center on Aging, and brain investigators at the University, as well as with the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine on UConn Healths campus.

Cutting-Edge Alzheimers Research

Now a preeminent scholar in the field, Yan didnt start out doing Alzheimers research. At the beginning of his independent research career, Yan was studying inflammation in lung diseases for global pharmaceutical company Pharmacia & Upjohn. When the companys priorities changed, Yan shifted over to Alzheimers research. The neurodegenerative disease that affects an estimated 5.5 million Americans has no known cure.

I ended up in Alzheimers research by accident, Yan says. It was a very exciting time because we had so many unknown questions about Alzheimers disease to explore.

That accident turned out to be extremely productive. One year after making the switch, Yan made a breakthrough discovery.

In 1999, Yan and several other groups of researchers simultaneously discovered that an enzyme known as BACE1 plays a crucial role in the processes that lead to the onset of Alzheimers disease. BACE1 cleaves amyloid precursor proteins which give rise to beta amyloid. This peptide is the main component of plaques on brain cells, one of the culprits for causing Alzheimers disease.

From there, researchers from multiple pharmaceutical and biotech companies began developing trials of BACE1 inhibitors in hopes of stopping the effects of BACE1s activity. However, all these trials failed. While these failures were frustrating, they taught scientists an important lesson about this key enzyme; not only does BACE1 activity lead to Alzheimers disease, it is also responsible for ensuring parts of normal neural activity. By blocking it completely, the treatments did more harm than good.

Things Are Not So Simple

We still dont have a drug, Yan says, 20 years after the original discovery. These early trials with BACE1 failed because if you simply inhibit it, it interferes with necessary brain functioning. Its challenging.

Yan reflects that this is one of the most challenging aspects of his research. The human body is not simple, and neither are the diseases that afflict it. Before we can develop an effective treatment for Alzheimers disease, we need to understand how it works at a basic molecular level.

Many times, you will find out things are not so simple, Yan says. We need to understand the biology before we can have an effective drug.

Most recently, Yan published a paper in the Journal of Experimental Medicine about the role of CX3CL1, a transmembrane protein, on Alzheimers disease. Yan found that CX3CL1 is cleaved by BACE1. He also found that an overexpression of the C-terminal fragment of CX3CL1 can reduce amyloid deposition and neuron loss in mice with Alzheimers disease. This is the first time its been shown that the C-terminal CX3CL1 can aid adult neurogenesis which directly combats the neurodegeneration of Alzheimers disease.

This development of knowledge underscores the role of academic researchers in eventual drug discovery, Yan says. Developing knowledge about diseases and the workings of the human body is the foundation for future drugs.

Were in academia. Our main focus is to understand the molecule first before we try to develop a compound, Yan says.

If researchers or pharmaceutical companies go into drug trials without this critical understanding, they could encounter many harmful side effects. With a better understanding of the science behind the disease, such side effects could be better anticipated and even avoided.

Yan says researchers can help pharmaceutical companies develop more effective drugs by working in tandem with industry partners.

We may not be able to compete with the pharmaceutical companies directly in some cases, but we can do something to help the companies develop better drugs, Yan says. And thats whats more important to us.

Follow UConn Research on Twitter & LinkedIn.

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Meet the Researcher: Riqiang Yan, Neuroscience - UConn Today

The search for youthfulness typically turns to lotions, supplements, serums and diets, but there may soon be a new option joining the fray. Rapamycin, a FDA-approved drug normally used to prevent organ rejection after transplant surgery, may also slow aging in human skin, according to a study from Drexel University College of Medicine researchers published in Geroscience.

Basic science studies have previously used the drug to slow aging in mice, flies, and worms, but the current study is the first to show an effect on aging in human tissue, specifically skin - in which signs of aging were reduced. Changes include decreases in wrinkles, reduced sagging and more even skin tone -- when delivered topically to humans.

As researchers continue to seek out the elusive 'fountain of youth' and ways to live longer, we're seeing growing potential for use of this drug. So, we said, let's try skin. It's a complex organism with immune, nerve cells, stem cells - you can learn a lot about the biology of a drug and the aging process by looking at skin."

Christian Sell, PhD, senior author and associate professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the College of Medicine

In the current Drexel-led study, 13 participants over age 40 applied rapamycin cream every 1-2 days to one hand and a placebo to the other hand for eight months. The researchers checked on subjects after two, four, six and eight months, including conducting a blood test and a biopsy at the six- or eight-month mark.

After eight months, the majority of the rapamycin hands showed increases in collagen protein, and statistically significant lower levels of p16 protein, a key marker of skin cell aging. Skin that has lower levels of p16 has fewer senescent cells, which are associated with skin wrinkles. Beyond cosmetic effects, higher levels of p16 can lead to dermal atrophy, a common condition in seniors, which is associated with fragile skin that tears easily, slow healing after cuts and increased risk of infection or complications after an injury.

So how does rapamycin work? Rapamycin blocks the appropriately named "target of rapamycin" (TOR), a protein that acts as a mediator in metabolism, growth and aging of human cells. The capability for rapamycin to improve human health beyond outward appearance is further illuminated when looking deeper at p16 protein, which is a stress response that human cells undergo when damaged, but is also a way of preventing cancer. When cells have a mutation that would have otherwise created a tumor, this response helps prevent the tumor by slowing the cell cycle process. Instead of creating a tumor, it contributes to the aging process.

"When cells age, they become detrimental and create inflammation," said Sell. "That's part of aging. These cells that have undergone stress are now pumping out inflammatory markers."

In addition to its current use to prevent organ rejection, rapamycin is currently prescribed (in higher doses than used in the current study) for the rare lung disease lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and as an anti-cancer drug. The current Drexel study shows a second life for the drug in low doses, including new applications for studying rapamycin to increase human lifespan or improve human performance.

Rapamycin -- first discovered in the 1970s in bacteria found in the soil of Easter Island - also reduces stress in the cell by attacking cancer-causing free radicals in the mitochondria.

In previous studies, the team used rapamycin in cell cultures, which reportedly improved cell function and slowed aging.

In 1996, a study in Cell of yeast cultures which used rapamycin to block TOR proteins in yeast, made the yeast cells smaller, but increased their lifespan.

"If you ramp the pathway down you get a smaller phenotype," said Sell. "When you slow growth, you seem to extend lifespan and help the body repair itself - at least in mice. This is similar to what is seen in calorie restriction."

The researchers note that, as this is early research, many more questions remain about how to harness this drug. Future studies will look at how to apply the drug in clinical settings, and find applications in other diseases. During the current study, the researchers confirmed that none of the rapamycin was absorbed in the bloodstream of participants.

There are two pending patents on this technology, both of which have been licensed to Boinca Therapeutics LLC., of which Sell, Ibiyonu Lawrence, MD, an associate professor of Internal Medicine in the College of Medicine, are shareholders.

Source:

Journal reference:

Chung, C.L., et al. (2019) Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial. Geroscience. doi.org/10.1007/s11357-019-00113-y.

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FDA-approved drug to prevent organ rejection may slow skin aging - News-Medical.net

Mangoes contain high quantities of Vitamin A, which is a type of terpenoid. BRIGITTE TOHM/UNSPLASH | IMAGE HAS BEEN CROPPED

The word terpenoid is not only limited to rhyming with words such as meteoroid, avoid, and steroid it also symbolizes organic compounds produced by plants that offer significant medicinal and pharmacological benefits to humans.

In a review paper, U of T scientists explored the vast role that these chemicals play in our everyday lives.

Co-authors Dr. Michael Phillips, an assistant professor at UTMs Department of Biology; and Matthew Bergman, a graduate student at the same department, discussed thefindings of this review with The Varsity.

Relevance of terpenoids

The presence of terpenoids can be found all around us. Vitamin A is an example, along with the chemical that is key to the unique smell of pine.

The review explained that terpenoids can attract pollinators, repel herbivores, or attract herbivore predators. This has broad impacts on fields such as agriculture.

Terpenoids also feature heavily in cannabis. Specialized terpenoids include well-known compounds such as cannabidiol also known as CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol THC.The compounds have been used for their psychoactive, anxiolytic and anesthetic effects for thousands of years, according to the co-authors.

The ability to make these terpenoids evolved as a result of selective pressures imposed by animals on plants. A great sense of irony lies in the fact that these chemical compounds, which often serve as plant defence compounds against herbivorous insects, possess fortuitous uses in medicine.

The reason that these compounds are biologically active in humans is in part due to the fact that our proteins are made up of exactly the same amino acids as the plant proteins, noted Phillips.

Applications of the review

Phillips hopes to use his review partly as a teaching tool but also [to] summarize the literature that is important for [his] field.

Bergman also spoke aboutthe implications that his research would have on non-specialists in biology. Theres a lot of interest right now in medicinal plants and theres a lot of confusion surrounding what are the active constituents, he said.

By conducting the review, Bergman hopes to eliminate some of this confusion.This is important because theres a connection between [our research] and what [consumers] find in the grocery store, added Phillips.

The future of terpenoid research

In many cases, terpenoid-based medications could hold promise in health care, by virtue of the fact of how much common ancestry we share with herbivores that terpenoids evolved to affect, noted Phillips.

While many terpenoids represent potentially beneficial compounds for humans, the testing process is painstaking and resource intensive, according to the review. This process is further obstructed by the fact that many [terpenoids] are produced in small amounts, and only in response to elicitation.

Additionally, while the amount of plant terpenoids that can be screened for therapeutic applications is still unknown, it likely surpasses over 100,000 variants, according to the co-authors. With a review of terpenoids completed, researchers now have a tool to develop plans for further research in the field of plant biochemistry.

Tags: Biochemistry, botany, Chemistry, medicine, organic chemistry, Science

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The promise of terpenoids for human health - Varsity

Life exists in extreme environments on Earth, from arid deserts and frozen tundras to thermal, toxic vents in the deepest reaches of the ocean floor. But it cant exist on every inch of the planet and scientists have discovered a place in Ethiopia where life cant find a way, according to a new study.

In contrast with previous research, scientists conducted multiple tests and found that there is no life, not even microorganisms, in Dallol. One of Earths most extreme environments, Dallol is incredibly hot, salty and acidic. Its ponds extend across a volcanic crater, in the Ethiopian Danakil depression, filled with salt, toxic gases and boiling water in response to extreme hydrothermal activity.

Even in winter, daytime temperatures can exceed 113 degrees Fahrenheit. Some of the hyper acidic and saline pools have negative pH values.

The findings published Friday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

After analysing many more samples than in previous works, with adequate controls so as not to contaminate them and a well-calibrated methodology, we have verified that theres no microbial life in these salty, hot and hyperacid pools or in the adjacent magnesium-rich brine lakes, said Purificacin Lpez Garca, study author and biologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

However, outside of the ponds, its a different story.

What does exist is a great diversity of halophilic archaea (a type of primitive salt-loving microorganisms) in the desert and the saline canyons around the hydrothermal site, but neither in the hyperacid and hypersaline pools themselves, nor in the so-called Black and Yellow lakes of Dallol, where magnesium abounds, said Lpez Garca. And all this despite the fact that microbial dispersion in this area, due to the wind and to human visitors, is intense.

The researchers performed mass sequencing of genetic markers meant to find and classify any microorganisms that may be present, as well as cultures to find microbes, cytometry for detecting individual cells, brine chemical analysis and electron microscopy combined with X-ray spectroscopy.

At first glance, minerals rich in silica may mimic microbial cells, the researchers said. But their analysis revealed the difference.

In other studies, apart from the possible contamination of samples with archaea from adjacent lands, these mineral particles may have been interpreted as fossilized cells, when in reality they form spontaneously in the brines, even though there is no life, Lpez Garca said.

Scientists have used evidence of life in extreme environments on Earth as an analog for the conditions where life may exist on other planets in our solar system or beyond it. The researchers warned that in this case, just because there is liquid water present or because something resembles cells or other biological aspects beneath a microscope, does not mean there is life present.

Our study presents evidence that there are places on the Earths surface, such as the Dallol pools, which are sterile even though they contain liquid water, Lpez Garca said.

The Dallol ponds actually prevent life from forming because they contain chemical barriers like chaotropic magnesium salts that help break down hydrogen. Combined with the salty, acidic and hot environment, life receives no encouragement in the pools.

We would not expect to find life forms in similar environments on other planets, at least not based on a biochemistry similar to terrestrial biochemistry, said Lpez Garca.

The researchers will continue studying the pools to determine more about the limits of life.

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This is one place on Earth where no life can exist - WBAP News/Talk

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2. International Automated Biochemistry Analyzers market Followed by makers

3. world Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market capability, Generation, Sales (Worth ) by Region (2019-2028)

4. world Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market provide (Production), Presence, Export, printed by Region (2019-2028)

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11. Market result sides designation

12. World Wide Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market Forecast (2019-2028)

13. Automated Biochemistry Analyzers research Findings and call

14. Appendix

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Global Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 - The Industry Press Releases

Cilia, or flagella whiplike appendages on cells perform diverse tasks required to keep the body healthy. When cilia malfunction, the consequences can be devastating, causing a range of problems, from blindness, to lung and kidney diseases, to congenital heart defects. Now, scientists have revealed the firstdetailed lookat the inner structure of cilia.

The newly revealed structure offers a starting point to begin exploring how cilia are assembled during development, how they are maintained over a cells life span, and how they might become dysfunctional if some of the cogs in these complex molecular machines are mutated or missing. The structure of these microscopic molecular machines common to cells in organisms from algae to people potentially will answer questions about human health and disease.

The research, by investigators at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Harvard Medical School, was published recently in the journal Cell.

This new study is exciting because it fills in a lot of missing information about the structure of cilia, said senior authorRui Zhang, assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Washington University. When cilia dont work properly, bad things happen. We need to know details of the structure in order to develop treatments for diseases, or strategies to prevent the developmental defects that can occur in the early embryo if the cilia are not functioning as they should.

In the respiratory tract, cilia move mucus and protect against viral and bacterial illnesses. In the reproductive tract, they propel sperm to fertilize an egg. Cilia also perform vital tasks in the brain, the kidney, the pancreas and in bone growth. And in the earliest stages of development, the rotational motion of specialized cilia in the embryo defines the bodys left-right asymmetry and where organs are placed. Without properly functioning cilia, the heart may not end up on the left side, where it should be, and it may not function properly.

Cilia are implicated in multiple human disorders, including polycystic kidney disease, which affects some 600,000 Americans and requires dialysis; primary ciliary dyskinesia, which causes chronic lung disease, misplaced organs and infertility; Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which causes patients to become blind in childhood and leads to diabetes, kidney disease and extreme obesity; and many congenital heart defects, which occur when left-right asymmetry goes awry and require complex surgeries to repair.

In the new study, the researchers used a technique called single particle cryo-electron microscopy to get a first look at 33 specific proteins arranged inside cilia within structures called ciliary microtubule doublets in a strict repeating pattern.

Before this work, everyone assumed these proteins inside cilia just stabilize the structure, which is true for a subset of the proteins, especially when you consider the forces produced by the continuous beating of the cilia, Zhang said. But based on how they are arranged inside this structure, we believe these proteins are doing many more things.

Since many of the proteins protrude through the cilia, Zhang and his colleagues speculate that they may allow for communication between the inside and the outside of the ciliary microtubule doublets; govern the function of enzymes that make important biochemical reactions possible; and sense changes in the calcium concentration of the environment, which plays a role in triggering the cilia to beat.

Among the proteins identified, five are associated with diseases that have been studied in mice and people, said co-authorSusan K. Dutcher, professor of genetics at Washington University. But until now, no one knew that these proteins were found inside cilia. We are just beginning to understand their roles in normal and disease states.

The researchers studied cilia in a type of algae calledChlamydomonas reinhardtii, which are single-celled organisms that have cilia structurally and biochemically similar to those of more complex organisms, including people. One question Dutcher is interested in answering is how the proteins making up cilia structure govern the type of motion that the cilia perform. The cilia of single-celledC. reinhardtiiare capable of more than one type of motion.

In some situations, the cilia are doing what you might consider a breast stroke, Dutcher said. In others, the motion is more of an S-shaped wave. The cilia of many cells in mammals can only produce one of these motions. But the single-celledC. reinhardtii, perhaps to help it adapt to its environment, can switch between them. Thats why were studying algae at a medical school the genetic problems we can study in the cilia of these organisms are similar to the ones that can occur in people, often with devastating consequences.

Zhang, Dutcher and their colleagues have plans to use the latest techniques of cryo-electron microscopy to study theChlamydomonas mutants of each of the 33 proteins inside cilia to seek answers to many questions that have arisen from this new and detailed knowledge of the structure.

Originally published by the School of Medicine

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Scientists unravel mysteries of cells' whiplike extensions | The Source - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom