Category Archives: Anatomy

Anatomy

Cranial Nerves: Anatomy, Function, and Related Conditions – Healthgrades

The cranial nerves consist of 12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain. They provide sensory, motor, and autonomic control of structures in the head, neck, and trunk. When something goes wrong with the cranial nerves, it can affect the senses or the ability to speak, chew, or swallow.

This article explains everything about the cranial nerves and their anatomy, function, and disorders.

The cranial nerves arise in the brain. They get their name because they exit throughopeningsin the skull or cranium.There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, often designated by Roman numerals.

Cranial nerves IIIXII (312)originatein the brainstem. This structure is the top part of the spinal cord that sits inside the skull. It is responsible for reflexes, autonomic and unconscious processes, and some voluntary movements.

Learn about brainstem structure and function.

Cranial nerves I and II come from the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the most developed part of the brain. Higher functions take place there, such as language, logic, memory, and understanding.

Learn about cerebrum structure and function.

The cranial nerves carry signals between the brain and the structures they control. There are three categories of function:

Cranial nerves may be sensory, motor, autonomic, or a combination.

Disorders and conditions of the cranial nerves caninvolveone or more nerves. The causes and symptoms of cranial nerve disorders often overlap. Conditions that can affect cranial nerves include:

Because the cranial nerves come in pairs for each side of your body testsfor cranial nerve function evaluate symmetry: Is the change on both sides equally, or is one of the nerve pairs affected more than the other? Evaluations include:

Treatments for cranial nerve dysfunction

Treatment for cranial nerve dysfunctiondependson the cause. In general, doctors recommend nonsurgical treatments first. Sometimes surgery is necessary.

Seunggu Han, MD, reviewed the following frequently asked questions.

What is cranial nerve 2?

Cranial nerve 2 is theopticnerve. It is responsible for your sense of sight. It connects to the eyes retina, the light-sensing part at the back of the eyeball. The optic nerve carries signals from the retina to the brain. The brain interprets the signals as vision.

What is the largest cranial nerve?

The largest is the trigeminal nerve. This is cranial nerve V (5th cranial nerve). The longest cranial nerve is the vagus nerve or cranial nerve X. Vagus means wandering or straying in Latin. The nerve branches and spreads to innervate several organs and systems.

Which cranial nerve is vision?

Vision is possible because of theopticnerve. It is cranial nerve II, also known as the 2nd cranial nerve.

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise directly out of the brain. They provide nerve supply to the organs and structures in the head and neck. However, the vagus nerve plays a role in various bodily autonomic functions and supplies several organs. Learn more about the autonomic nervous system.

The cranial nerves are responsible for our senses. They are also the source of movement for the face, neck, and shoulders.

Learn about the central nervous system here.

Here is the original post:
Cranial Nerves: Anatomy, Function, and Related Conditions - Healthgrades

Anatomy

WIMI Hologram Academy: The Application of 3D modeling Technology in Digital Anatomical Models – The Bakersfield Californian

HONG KONG, Aug. 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- WIMI Hologram Academy, working in partnership with the Holographic Science Innovation Center, has written a new technical article describing their research on the application of 3D modeling technology in digital anatomical models. This article follows below:

Backward anatomy teaching methods, insufficient sources of teaching cadavers and lack of original 3D anatomical models have been the main problems in anatomy teaching.Scientistsfrom WIMI Hologram Academy of WIMIHologram CloudInc.(NASDAQ: WIMI)appliedadvanced 3D animation technology to create a 3D anatomical data model for medical purposes. It is possible to obtain comprehensive 3D data of the human body and preserve the body shape and structure information.

1. Statusquoof digital anatomical models

1.1 International research on digital anatomy technology

Digital virtual human research in the United States began in the 1980s.In 1989, the United States began to conceive a medical image library to provide a biomedical literature image retrieval system, which was later acquired by a well-known university work known as the "VisibleHuman Project".

In October 1999, the U.S. launched the Oak Ridge Project, and by 2001 the U.S. had established the Digital Human Body, which contains VHP datasets and ancillary datasets, anatomical levels of the virtual human body, medical knowledge related to the clinical information base of diseases and syndromes, and an expanding set of tools and products.

Later, Korea started the Visible Korean Human (VKH) project and completed the first male specimen cut in 2000 with a slice spacing of 0.12 mm and a total of 8,590 sections of 15,317 GB of data. The anthropometric national database construction program was also initiated in Japan in 2001. Currently, Japan has constructed the "Japanese VisibleHuman" using CT and MRI imaging technology.

1.2 Chinasresearch on digital anatomy technology

In November 2001, the 174th Xiangshan Science Conference was held to discuss the topic of "China's digital visiblehuman body", and in June 2002, with the support of the 863 program, Chinesescientists proposed that the state formally establish the "digital virtual human body" research project. In June 2002, with the funding of 863 program, Chinesescientists proposed to the state to formally establish the "Digital Virtual Human Body" research project "Virtual Chinese Project".

2.The application of 3Danatomical model on the analysis of modeling techniques

The technical means used to make the virtualhuman are basically the same at home and abroad, which are summarized into the following three kinds:

2.1 Two-dimensional image based three-dimensional model construction technology

This technique originated around 1970 and took a big leap forward in 1980 with the development of computer technology. In2000or so, this modeling approach can be further subdivided into:1) Contour method, which later scholars continued to refine. 2) Motion method, also known as motion-based modeling. 3) Light and dark method, also known as motion-based modeling. In terms of efficiency,this 3D modeling technique based on 2D graphics is the most convenient and cost effective way. It is now open to commercial applications.

2.2 Digital 3D scanning technology

3D scanning technology can be divided into large scenes for buildings, desktop scanners for heritage restoration and CT imaging for medical applications. Digital three-dimensional scanning in the protection and restoration of cultural relics, film and television production, virtual reality is more common. In the restoration of cultural relics, in 2000, the National Palace Museum in Taipei scannedthe"Jade Cabbage" processto get the point cloud data'.

2.3 Interactive manual modeling

Interactive manual modeling refers to the application of automatic computer imaging technology with manual modification of the model. This technique can effectively correct the distribution of point clouds on the model, making it controllable under human intervention and saving computer resources. The historical large-scale use of manual modeling is the combination of computer technology and film and television art in 1980. As the model applied in film and television animation is different from the 3D model used for museum relic restoration and cultural heritage protection. It needs the model with animation, close viewing.

3.Conclusion

As a "scientific", "intuitive" and "easy to use" software, it is not necessary to be medically accurate. Of course, it is necessary to be medically accurate, but the cost is a lot of human and financial resources in the pre-production, and the data package is very large in the post-production. In order to recover the production cost, we can only raise the price, which will create a vicious circle. If a different way of thinking, from a technical point of view to reduce production costs, taking into account the degree of public demand for digital anatomy software, with a more labor-saving method to build digital anatomical models, first shed part of the accuracy to enhance the production efficiency of the case, the current digital anatomical products will have better development prospects.

Founded in August 2020, WIMI Hologram Academy is dedicated to holographic AI vision exploration and researches basic science and innovative technologies, driven by human vision. The Holographic Science Innovation Center, in partnership with WIMI Hologram Academy, is committed to exploring the unknown technology of holographic AI vision, attracting, gathering, and integrating relevant global resources and superior forces, promoting comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, and carrying out basic science and innovative technology research.

Contacts

Holographic Science Innovation Center

Email: pr@holo-science. com

Read more here:
WIMI Hologram Academy: The Application of 3D modeling Technology in Digital Anatomical Models - The Bakersfield Californian

Anatomy

Anatomical Study of the Variants of Extrapelvic Part of the Pudendal Nerve – Cureus

Background

A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the extra pelvic course of the pudendal nerve and its variations is crucial when undertaking perineal and perirectal procedures to safeguard the integrity of the extrapelvic segment of the pudendal nerve and its branches. So we aimed to identify the changes in the pudendal nerve's extrapelvic branching pattern before it enters the pudendal canal and its relationships and connections.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 26 formalin embalmed adult human cadavers between 20 to 65 years (16 male and 10 female) of north Indian origin. Anatomical course, variations, and connections of the pudendal nerve before entering the pudendal canal were noted.

The extrapelvic course of the pudendal nerve was examined in 52 hemipelves (26 cadavers) after meticulous dissection. Single pudendal nerve trunk (type I) was identified in 51.9% of hemipelves. Two trunked pudendal nerve with inferior gluteal nerve piercing the sacrospinous ligament (type IIa) was observed in 13.5% of hemipelves. 23.1% of hemipelves exhibited two trunked pudendal nerves with inferior gluteal nerve not piercing the sacrospinous ligament(type IIb). Three trunked pudendal nerve (type III) was observed in 11.5% of hemipelves. In 14/52 hemipelves (26.9%), communication with the sciatic nerve was noted, whereas, in 38/52 hemipelves (73.1%), no communication with the sciatic nerve was present.

The extrapelvic course of the pudendal nerve may present with an earlier subdivision or even an aberrant connection with the sciatic nerve. These anatomical variations of the extra pelvic course of the pudendal nerve, its variations, and connections are essential for all surgeons and anesthetists operating in the perineal and perirectal region to avoid unwanted complications.

The pudendal nerve develops right above the superior border of the sacrotuberous ligament and the upper fibers of the ischiococcygeus. It is derived from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth sacral ventral rami. It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to descend posterior to the sacrospinous ligament. It accompanies the internal pudendal artery through the lesser sciatic foramen into the pudendal canal on the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa. It passes anterior to the lateral third of the sacrotuberous ligament and medial or posterior to the ischial spine before entering the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen via the pudendal canal, also known as Alcock's canal after the prominent Irish anatomist Benjamin Alcock[1]. The pudendal nerve gives rise to three main branches: the inferior rectal, perineal, and dorsal nerve of the clitoris or the penis. The pudendal nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the perineum[2].

Sound knowledge of the anatomical variations of the pudendal nerve and its branches is essential for all surgeons performing perineal surgeries such as sacrospinous colpopexy, better known as Richter's procedure[3]. The procedure treats vaginal and uterine prolapse and the tension-free vaginal tape to treat female stress urinary incontinence[4,5]. A good understanding of the course, branching pattern, and variations of the pudendal nerve are helpful in perineal/perirectal operative procedures such as external urethral sphincter repair or drainage of complex perirectal abscesses[6].

In the gluteal region, the pudendal nerve lies posterior to the sacrospinous ligament and anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament. The relationship of the pudendal nerve to the sacrospinous ligament has significant clinical ramifications. However, there is a lack of literature examining the variations in pudendal nerve anatomy in the gluteal region; as the pudendal nerve passes around the ischial spine and crosses behind the sacrospinous ligament, it is of significance during several gynecological procedures. For example, inaccurate placement of sacrospinous sutures during a sacrospinous fixation for vaginal prolapse, either through the entire thickness of the ligament or too far laterally, might cause pudendal nerve entrapment[3]. Therefore, to protect the integrity of the pudendal nerve and its branches, a clear understanding of the anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its variations is essential while performing perineal or perirectal procedures. Henceforth, the present study was conducted with the Primary objective of ascertaining the incidence of the early divisions of the pudendal nerve proximal to the pudendal canal with emphasis on its clinical relevance. A secondary objective was identifying variations in its extrapelvic course, particularly aberrant connections bearing embryological significance and clinical applicability.

The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, after the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of RIMS, Ranchi having approval number 242 Dated 03/06/2021. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out over 24 months on 26 (16 male and 10 female) formalin embalmed adult human cadavers of north Indian ethnicity aged between 20 to 65 years. The cadavers with any apparent perineal/perianal anomaly were excluded from this study. The pudendal nerve was exposed through a posterior dissection approach with the cadaver in a prone position. The skin between the anterior iliac spine, the greater trochanter, the ischial tuberosity, and the posterior superior iliac spine was removed. The gluteus maximus was exposed, sectioned longitudinally near its origin, and was reflected laterally to its insertion[7]. The gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, two Gemelli, tendon of obturator internus, and quadratus femoris were identified under its cover. The sciatic, superior, and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels were cleaned and noted. Eventually, the attachments of the sacrotuberous ligament were dissected and detached from their origin to trace the pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, and the nerve to the obturator internus. Its relation with the sciatic nerve and the sacrotuberous ligament was observed and noted. The sacral spine and the sacrospinous ligament were dissected and noted.

The presence or absence of early subdivision of the pudendal nerve was noted. Also noted is whether such variations are unilateral or bilateral. This study classified the variation in the trunk of the extra pelvic part of the pudendal nerve into four types. This was based on the classification proposed by Mahakkanukrauh et al. (2005) with obvious modifications[8]. Type I includes Single trunked pudendal nerve (Normal variant, passing posterior to the sacrospinous ligament without any division/communication to the sciatic nerve)[1]. Type IIa includes double trunked (bifurcated) pudendal nerve with one trunk as inferior rectal nerve piercing/passing through the sacrospinous ligament or fixed to the sacral spine by ligamentous strands. Type IIb includes double trunked (bifurcated) pudendal nerve with one inferior rectal nerve not piercing/passing through the sacrospinous ligament. Type III includes the triple trunked (trifurcated) pudendal nerve. Moreover, anomalous communication between the pudendal nerve and the sciatic nerve in the variants mentioned above was also noted, if present.

The variations of the pudendal nerve; in its trunks, connections, and branching patterns were photographed by the camera of the Motorola one fusion plus, a 64MP Samsung ISOCELL Plus GW1 1/1.72" sensor with 0.8m pixels and f/1.8 lens, under a light source[9].

Descriptive data were analyzed and interpreted using Jamovi software for Windows, Version 2.2.5.0[10]. A chi-square test of independence was conducted between gender, side of the limb, and sciatic nerve communication status. Fisher's Exact Test was used if 50% of cells had an expected count of less than 5. When the P value was found to be more than 0.05, it was not considered statistically significant. It was considered statistically significant if the P value was less than 0.05.

The present study investigated the pudendal nerve trunk related to the sacrospinous ligament in 26 cadavers (16 males and 10 females), or 26 right and left hemipelves. In the present study, 27 out of 52 hemipelves (51.9%) were identified as type I having a single pudendal nerve trunk (Fig1, 2).

Type IIa (Fig3), Exhibits double trunks of the pudendal nerve; one trunk was the inferior rectal nerve and was found piercing/passing through the sacrospinous ligament. This branching pattern was observed in 7 out of 52 hemipelves (13.5%).

Twelve out of 52 hemipelves (23.1%) were type IIb (Fig 4, 5), where bifurcated trunks of the pudendal nerve were observed, but the inferior rectal nerve did not pass through the sacrospinous ligament.

Six out of 52 hemipelves (11.5%) were type III (Fig 6, 7) where trifurcated trunks of pudendal nerve were observed.

Fourteen out of 52 hemipelves (26.9%) exhibited a communicating branch connecting the pudendal nerve with the sciatic nerve, whereas in 38 out of 52 hemipelves (73.1%), no such communication was observed (Table1).

A chi-square test of independence was conducted between gender, side of the limb,, and sciatic nerve communication status. All expected cell frequencies were greater than five. There was statistically no significant association between gender and sciatic nerve communication status, 2(1) = 0.061, p = 0.805. Also, there was statistically no significant association between the laterality, i.e., left or right limb, and sciatic nerve communication status, 2(1) = 3.52, p = 0.061 (table 2).A chi-square test of independence was conducted between the pudendal nerve variant type and sciatic nerve communication status. Fisher's Exact Test was applied as 50% of cells have an expected count of of less than 5. There was statistically no significant association between the pudendal nerve variant type and sciatic nerve communication status (two-tailed p = 0.099) (table 2).

A chi-square test of independence was conducted between the gender, laterality, and the pudendal nerve variant type. Fisher's Exact Test was applied as 50% or more cells have an expected count of less than 5. There was a statistically significant association between the pudendal nerve variant type and gender, Fisher's Exact Test (two-tailed p = 0.034). In contrast, there was statistically no significant association between the pudendal nerve variant type and laterality, i.e., right or left side of the limb (two-tailed p = 0.64) (table 3).

The present study depicts the variations in the trunk of the pudendal nerve into four types. A comparison was made regarding the present study's findings with the previous studies reporting various patterns in divisions of the pudendal nerve trunk (Table4).

Mahakkanukrauh et al. (2005)reported the pudendal nerve trunking concerning the sacrospinous ligament in 37 cadavers (73 sides of hemipelves) of 21 males and 16 females, ranging from 18-83 years of age[8]. The authors elaborated to subdivide the pudendal nerve trunking into five types: type I is defined as one-trunked (41/73; 56.2%), type II is two-trunked (8/73; 11%), type III is two-trunked with one trunk as an inferior rectal nerve piercing through the sacrospinous ligament (8/73; 11%), type IV is two-trunked with one as an inferior rectal nerve not piercing through the sacrospinous ligament (7/73; 9.5%), and type V is three-trunked (9/73;12.3%)[8]. Kocabiyik et al. (2008) reported that the pudendal nerve was defined as a single trunk in 62%, double trunk in 34%, and triple trunk in 4%[11].Pirro et al. (2009) reported that the pudendal nerve was a single trunk in 3/4 of the cases[12]. Maldonado et al.(2015), in a study on unembalmed female cadavers, reported that a single pudendal nerve trunk was identified in 61.5% of hemipelvis and inferior rectal nerve was noted to enter the pudendal canal in 42.3% of hemipelvis[13,14]. Shafik et al. (1995) reported that the pudendal nerve was derived from S2, 3, and 4 in 14/20, S1, 2, 3, and 4 in 5/20, and from S2, 3, 4, and 5 in 1/20[6].

Mahakkanukrauh et al. (2005) reported that in case the pudendal nerve was two-trunked, the inferior rectal nerve represented one trunk piercing the sacrospinous ligament in 11% of cases or not piercing the sacrospinous ligament in 9.5%[8]. In our study, the two trunked pudendal nerves with one trunk as the inferior rectal nerve pierced the sacrospinous ligament in 13.5% of cases. In contrast, in 23.1% of cases, the inferior rectal nerve did not pierce the sacrospinous ligament.

Viktor Matejcik(2012) studied the pudendal nerve in 20 cadavers and found that the inferior rectal nerve penetrating the sacrospinous ligament was observed in a single case, while the inferior rectal nerve arising from the pudendal nerve before entering the pudendal canal was found in four cases[13].

O'Bichere et al. (2000), while describing a new approach for maximal exposure of pudendal nerve in 14 human cadavers for anomalies and its implications for reconstruction; reported that Type 1 (2-trunked) and Type 2 (3-trunked) of the pudendal nerve were recognized in 30% of cadavers[15].

These variations and aberrant connections can be explained within the context of embryogenic development. The variation in the pudendal nerve (root value S2, S3, and S4) and its aberrant communication with the sciatic nerve(root value L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3) are related to the embryonic development of the lower limb. At the end of the fourth week of embryonic development, limb buds start developing as an out pocket from the ventrolateral body wall by activating a group of mesenchymal cells in the somatic lateral mesoderm. The lower limb buds are visible by day 25-26 and consist of a mesenchymal core of mesoderm covered by a layer of ectoderm known as an apical ectodermal ridge (AER). Lower limb buds lie opposite the lower four lumbar and upper two sacral segments. As soon as the buds form, ventral primary rami from the appropriate spinal nerves penetrate the mesenchyme. Immediately they establish an intimate contact with the differentiating mesodermal condensations, and this early close contact between the nerve and muscle cells is essential for complete functional differentiation. These motor axons from the spinal cord enter the limb buds during the fifth week and grow into the dorsal and ventral muscle masses. Sensory axons enter the limb buds after the motor axons and use them for navigation. The spinal nerves are distributed in segmental bands, supplying both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the limbs. However, cutaneous nerve areas and dermatomes show considerable overlapping. Since many factors influence the formation of the lower limb muscles and their nerves during embryogenesis, any change may lead to variations in the innervation. Imperative variations in innervation patterns may result from altered molecular signaling between the mesenchymal cells and neuronal growth bud at the time of the fusion of the lumbosacral plexus.

The appearance of early divisions may have originated from the lack of coordination between the formation of the limb muscles and their innervation. Also, failure of differentiation may be attributed as a cause for some of the fibers taking an aberrant course into a communicating branch[16,17]. No literature or evidence can ascertain whether these are afferents or efferents. Literature was searched extensively, but no research article or case report was available on the communication between the sciatic and pudendal nerves. This finding of anomalous communication may help explain the aberrant nerve block of the sciatic or pudendal nerve when either is intentionally blocked, resulting in the blockade of both the nerves[18]. This may also be significantly useful in the diagnosis of unexplained chronic perineal or lower pelvic pain and their possible remedy by excision of such anomalous connections. Sedy et al.(2007) reported that chronic pain related to pudendal nerve entrapment is challenging to diagnose and treat accurately. Better awareness of pudendal entrapment across specialties will emerge with a better awareness of pudendal entrapment ongoing work on the subject[19]. This study may better understand pudendal neuralgia, one of the causes of chronic perineal pain. Kaur and Singh (2021) also reported that it remains primarily underdiagnosed and inappropriately treated[20].

Due to the limited sample size and lack of neurophysiological association, the results of the current study and its discussion call for cautious interpretation. Nevertheless, the observations detailed in the present study provide a comprehensive account of the extrapelvic course, variations, and connections of the pudendal nerve, which may be helpful from the clinical perspective.

Henceforth, as detailed in this study, a comprehensive understanding of the course, early branching pattern, variations, and aberrant communication of the pudendal nerve is helpful for surgeons performing perineal surgeries, perirectal/perianal surgeries. Also, Improved characterization of the pudendal nerve may serve as a guide for nerve reconstruction surgery; effective pudendal nerve block will also help avoid intraoperative complications and better understand chronic perineal pain like pudendal neuralgia hence enhancing the existing treatment modalities.

Follow this link:
Anatomical Study of the Variants of Extrapelvic Part of the Pudendal Nerve - Cureus

Anatomy

Power games: The Anatomy of a Scam – The New Indian Express

Express News Service

The Anatomy of a ScamHow AAP govt gave windfall profits to a few

Since The New Indian Express broke the story of the Kejriwal government drafting a liquor policy to favour a few, this columnist has been inundated with calls and messages asking what could be wrong with a policy that helped bring down booze prices and made tipplers happy. The fact that all was not well with the policy became evident when the government withdrew it citing a huge drop in the states revenue after its implementation. Heres a brief lowdown on the wrongs committed by the Delhi government. The new policy allowed wholesalers to offer discounts and rebates to retailers of their choice. This tilted the playing field in favour of select retailers who reaped windfall profits with the help of wholesalers. The old policy mandated uniform discounts for all retailers.

As a result of huge discounts received from wholesalers, some retailers started offering a buy-one-get-one-free scheme. More than half of all retailers in Delhi could not survive this predatory pricing and surrendered their licenses. The Delhi government, instead of retendering the closed retail zones, allowed the existing ones to double their profits with buyers from the closed zones flocking to them. The increased sales of some retailers did not yield commensurate profits to the government. In the new policy, the state shifted from excise-based revenue to license fee regime. It reduced the nearly 200 percent excise duty on the wholesale price to one percent duty on sales.

In order to make up, it introduced a high license fee of Rs 300 crore per retailing zone per annum. But with half the zones shutting down, the government lost the license fees and earned almost nothing from the doubling of sales of the operating half. As a result, while some retailers made windfall gains, the states revenue dropped to Rs 3,700 crore from Rs 6,300 crore in the previous year. The government had announced that the new policy would raise its revenue earning to Rs 9,000 crore.

The state government also appears to have knowingly allowed violations of the provisions of the new policy. The policy mandates that manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers will work in their respective silos. A manufacturer cannot be a wholesaler or a retailer, similarly, wholesalers and retailers cannot get into the other two businesses. But there are examples of the government turning a blind eye to many manufacturers getting into wholesaling and retailing, and wholesalers bagging retailing licenses.

Key ConspiratorsPoliticians, a media house, and friends of AAP

The Delhi governments new excise policy is alleged to have been drafted and executed with the involvement of a set of people who were not part of the government. These people reportedly worked closely with deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia, who also holds charge of the excise department, and emerged as key beneficiaries of the policy. Among them are Vijay Nair, former CEO of M/s Only Much Louder, an entertainment and event management company, Manoj Rai, who has been till recently an employee of Pernod Ricard, Amandeep Dhal, owner of Brindco Spirits, Sameer Mahendru, owner of IndoSpirits, Amit Arora, Director of Buddy Retail Pvt Ltd, Dinesh Arora, a liquor trader, Sunny Marwah, a director in companies/firms being managed by the family of late Ponty Chadha, and Arjun Pandey, who has been associated with a media company headquartered in south India.

These people are considered close to Sisodia and their role in customising the new liquor policy to extend wrongful favours to select wholesalers, and managing the alleged kickbacks from liquor licensees is now being probed by the CBI. The role of two large liquor manufacturers is also reportedly being looked into. Sameer Mahendru and Amandeep Dhal are associated with these two manufacturers. Sources said Vijay Nairs company has reportedly been involved with the Aam Aadmi Party. Though a private person, Nair is said to have attended meetings that Sisodia held with top state government officials to finalise the new liquor policy.

There are reports that state government officials did not like Nairs presence in the meetings as he tried to bulldoze them on Sisodias behalf. YSR Congress Party member of Parliament Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy has also been a key beneficiary of Delhis new liquor policy. Reddy and Hyderabad-based company Sri Avantika Contractors (I) Pvt Ltd controlled almost one-third of Delhis liquor vends through investments. The CBI is likely to look into the books of these two entities. The investigative agency has cast its net wide, but Manish Sisodia will remain at the centre of its investigations.

Read this article:
Power games: The Anatomy of a Scam - The New Indian Express

Anatomy

Ally McBeal Sequel Series With Black Female Lead in the Works at ABC From Grey’s Anatomy Writer – TVLine

Ally McBeals TV status is no longer bygones.

ABC is developing a sequel series to the quirky 90s legal dramedy, with a Black female lead taking over for Calista Flockharts title character, our sister site Deadline reports.

The new take on Ally McBeal will focus on a young Black woman who joins the current incarnation of the Cage & Fish law firm straight out of law school and who is also reportedly the daughter of Allys old roommate Renee, played by Lisa Nicole Carson on the original series. (Flockhart has been approached about reprising her role and serving as an executive producer, but no deals have been made yet.)

Karin Gist, who wrote for Greys Anatomy and Revenge before serving as showrunner on Foxs Our Kind of People and ABCs mixed-ish, will write the pilot and serve as an EP as well. Original series creator David E. Kelley is not involved in the new series but has reportedly given it his blessing; hes said in the past if Ally were to come back, hed want a woman to write it.

Ally McBeal debuted in 1997 on Fox, starring Flockhart as a hopelessly romantic young lawyer at a top Boston firm. It quickly became a cultural sensation, breaking boundaries with its then-unique mix of comedy and drama and its bizarre CGI flourishes that represented Allys inner hopes and fears like the infamous Dancing Baby that appeared when her biological clock was ticking. Ally won the Emmy for best comedy series in 1999 along with a pair of Golden Globes, ultimately running for five seasons. TVLine first reported that a revival was in the works last year.

x

Read more:
Ally McBeal Sequel Series With Black Female Lead in the Works at ABC From Grey's Anatomy Writer - TVLine

Anatomy

The anatomy of Scripboxs success | Mint – Mint

Scripbox holds a MFD licence and is also a Sebi-registered investment advisor (RIA). The platform derives 90% of its revenue from commissions. Mint reached out to Atul Shinghal, founder and CEO, Scripbox, to understand the firms business model and acquisition strategy, among others.Edited excerpts from an interview.

Can you explain your business model? How does Scripbox make money?

We are a wealth manager and help people manage their money for the long term. We understand a customers needs, create a portfolio using asset allocation and fund selection, execute that portfolio and manage it on an ongoing basis. All of this is driven by science and math. As we gather more data about customers, were able to customize our asset allocation models.

A lot of people confuse digital with online. Online is a channel on top of a physical business. Digital is science, math, data and algorithms analysis. We are a digital wealth manager. So, we have algorithms running, which you can never do in the manual world and then reviewing this every quarter because circumstances might change. We do this at the family wealth level. We target customers who are 40 plus and already have some money.

Is MFD or RIA the larger part of your business?

I think MFD and RIA are different revenue mechanisms. We are wealth managers. The customer can either allow us to collect distribution fees or commissions from the manufacturer or instead become an advisory client and pay us a fee on a regular basis. We make money very transparently on one of the two sides.

View Full Image

So, whats the revenue contribution?

It used to be 80:20 till recently. After the strategic partnership (Wealth Managers), the revenue split has become 90:10 between commissions and fees.

For a customer, whats the difference in services between the two?

Nothing at all, there is no differentiation. Services are exactly the same. So, if you come to me as a distribution client, I will still spend time trying to understand who you are, I will use tools like the financial health check-up or portfolio audit; I will talk to you to figure out your requirements, create a portfolio, execute for you and review it regularly. That said, regulation, however, limits services like stock advisory which we can only provide to RIA clients.

For mutual funds (MFs), you have detailed analysis and recommendations. But, in case of fixed deposits, National Pension System schemes and life insurance, you have tied up with only a few partners. So, theres limited choice?

At this point in time. We are much more mature in our capabilities on the MF side. As we build our research capabilities, we will add a wider basket. So, when we started with MFs, we offered only four funds originally. As our customers have grown, their wealth has grown and we are offering more choices.

Would it be okay to say that you are a holistic wealth platform only on the MF side?

So, it is holistic for our customers. Its not holistic for traders, right? So, obviously, we dont allow trading. Today, our customers are in the 40-45 age group. Our target is customers in the 35-55 age range, and managing between 15 lakh and 2 crore. We believe MFs are sufficient to manage their portfolios.

You might also like

Does RBI policy need the attention it gets?

Pelosis Taiwan visit presents an opportunity for India

How is tax calculated on sale of apartment?

Scripbox started out in 2012. Many other MF platforms have come up since. So, was there a stagnation phase in between?

We are the oldest wealth management platform. I dont think weve ever had stagnation. Businesses compound over time.

We are the only true wealth manager, most others are transaction platforms which allow you to buy and sell MFs. So, even when we launched say 10-11 years ago, though we had 4 funds, they were very heavily curated. So, we were targeting 2830-year-olds and we said, you should be investing in equity for your long-term wealth.

At that time, there were 800 equity schemes. The Sebi categorization did not exist. As our customers grew, we added other funds. Over the last two years, weve accelerated our growth by consolidating some of the offline players into an online solution. We have customer retention rates of close to 95%, the industry average is 65%.

How much of the 12,000 crore AUM has come through acquisitions?

When we acquire a business, we are able to grow it very fast. For all our acquisitions, we have been able to double them in a 12-month period. You are used to a certain experience and now, its fully digital, there is a bigger brand and better experience so clients are ready to commit more money. Including the latest transaction, it would be 8,000 crore through acquisitions.

Youve just announced a strategic partnership with Wealth Managers (India). How will this help Scripbox?

I think itll help customers more than anybody else. We believe we will learn a lot and we are privileged to have Bharat Phatak and Ajit Khasnis (founders and directors, Wealth Managers) on our team. They have decided to join hands as they believe digitization is the future.

You have also acquired other RIAs and MFDs. What are you looking for in these acquisitions?

Eight of them have been MFDs. Only one was an RIAMitraz Financial. Wealth Managers (India) is our tenth transaction. One, we are able to serve a larger set of customers. Second is a wider geographical presence. We are a phydigital company with a digital first business but there are higher ticket size customers who require some kind of physical presence. So, today we are in 10 cities thanks to our various acquisitions. Last but most importantly, we learn. We are continuously refining our portfolio management models plus we are also able to acquire some great talent.

Elsewhere in Mint

In Opinion, Manu Joseph replies to free-speech warriors. Mythili Bhusnurmath says MPC is out on a wing and a prayer. Long Story has a cheeky take on the jargon of stock market.

Subscribe to Mint Newsletters

* Enter a valid email

* Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.

Link:
The anatomy of Scripboxs success | Mint - Mint

Anatomy

Grey’s Anatomy season 19: How will the show write out Meredith? – CarterMatt

If you missed the news from this past week,Greys Anatomyseason 19 is going to feature far less Ellen Pompeo than any season weve ever had. As a matter of fact, she is slated to appear in just eight episodes.

How in the world is that going to work? There are a lot of questions out there and for us personally, were curious about whether these episodes will be all at once (similar to what we got for Mark Harmon onNCISseason 19) or spread over the course of the season. Beyond just that, we also wonder just how the writers are going to pull this off.

After all, when you consider where things could be for Meredith at the start of season 19, she is arguably in the most stable position shes been in quite some time at the Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. Rather than take off to Minnesota as she previously hoped, Baileys departure has left her running the program. She will be helping some of the doctors, and its a chance to see a full-circle moment for the character based on where she was back in season 1.

Here is our theory on all of this at the moment. At some point, Chandra Wilsons character will come back to the hospital and at that point, Meredith will be fine to hand the program back off and then go off to Minnesota for a time. Maybe she will come back eventually, but the cameras may not focus on her all that much in the interim. Its going to be weird not seeing her, but we tend to imagine that the writers would not have Meredith exit in anything less than a happy way. She means WAY too much to so many people out there, and we also cant imagine her still being at the Grey Sloan and the producers just not showing her on-screen.

Related Get some more news when it comes to Greys Anatomy, including some of the latest casting news

Share right now in the comments! Once you do just that, be sure to come back for some other updates that you will not want to miss. (Photo: ABC.)

Link:
Grey's Anatomy season 19: How will the show write out Meredith? - CarterMatt

Anatomy

The Anatomy of a Pitt CB: New Level of Speed and Physicality to Reach in 2022 – Pittsburgh Sports Now

It takes a very, very confident player to come into Pitt and choose to play on an island. It translates to NFL readiness, as evidenced by Jason Pinnock, Avante Maddox, KWaun Williams, Dane Jackson and Damarri Mathis, but the adjustment isnt always fun.

Just ask Archie Collins, Pitts secondary coach since 2018. Hes helped the likes of Pinnock, Jackson, Mathis and Damar Hamlin reach the NFL, but it takes an adjustment period to play college football out of high school, let alone play in Pitts defense. Youve gotta be able to see a little, to see a lot, Collins says.

In high school, you get a lot of interceptions based on having bad eyes and things of that nature, Collins said Monday. When you get to this level, obviously that ball is going to be there. So, the moment you look back to the quarterback and youre not in phase on the receiver, the ball is gonna be a little bit sooner and more accurate than in high school.

Collins estimated that at the high school level, just throwing a number out there, there can be 10 to 15 defensive schemes for a team. Pitt has that many or more checks in just one defensive scheme. Its a whole new ball game, and in learning new formations, motions and checks, a cornerback still has to be able to study and recognize who the outside receiver is, the inside receiver, the tight end, which running backs to shadow. Its intensive. The little details add up. Corners have to be able to see those details, Collins said, and be able to make it all make sense in their heads.

Its the sort of adjustment that someone like Khalil Anderson is still undergoing in Pitts defense. The 5-foot-11, 180-pound redshirt freshman earned a comparison to Hamlin from Pat Narduzzi over the spring, and while hes physically ready to make an impact, the mental aspect is constantly evolving. As it is for all of Pitts defensive backs.

Khalils gotta continue to keep on working, trying to see a little to see a lot, Collins said. But athletically, hes doing really well right now. Hes just got to continue to put it all together. Obviously, its a lot different coming from high school corner and then getting over to safety, so as he gets more developed and more repetition, hell be able to get better and better and better.

Anderson arrived at Pitt as a cornerback, but hes made that transition to safety. And hes continuing to adapt to the defensive scheme. Someone who has continued to adapt to Pitts defense for four seasons now is Marquis Williams, and hes hoping to be the next Pitt defensive back in the NFL, but hes also focused on stepping up in 2022.

Damarri was a big loss for us, he was a big brother for everyone in the room, like previous years you had Jason Pinnock, Dane Jackson, you had a lot of greats that came and left each and every year, so like coach Narduzzi always preaches, Next man up. Be ready to adapt whenever and when needed, Williams said Monday.

Williams started all 14 games at field corner last season, racking up 32 tackles (28 solo), two tackles for loss, one interception and three pass breakups, so he has that experience. Hes made 22 starts at Pitt, and the leadership aspect of the job comes naturally. Even with Mathis around, Williams was a vocal leader, on- and off-the-field, and it comes down to experience and confidence.

(Williamss) already been there, so he can kinda talk to them, Collins said. Its always great to have a player-led team, and those guys get to talk with each other. He does an unbelievable job because he knows, hes made a lot of mistakes during the game, hes got a lot of game reps right now. So, he understands the sense of urgency, all those things we talked about earlier.

Williams has the field corner role locked down, but it comes down to replacing Mathis at boundary cornerback. And while names like M.J. Devonshire, A.J. Woods and Rashad Battle will play a lot in 2022, it appears that Woods may be destined to replace Mathis.

Woods, a 5-foot-11, 195-pound senior, played in 13 games last season starting the Peach Bowl against Michigan State and returning an interception 73 yards against Wake Forest in the ACC championship game. Hes reportedly run a 4.31 40-yard dash, which would be even faster than Mathiss blazing NFL Combine time.

Hopefully I can be able to fill those shoes this year, but its always a constant competition in our room, Woods said. Weve got a lot of guys that can play.

Woods spoke with Mathis over the phone last week, sharing a good conversation about the Denver Broncos camp going on, and the two share a strong relationship. But thats largely the result of a seriously strong bond throughout the entire defensive backs room.

Its a big brotherhood, all of us hang together off the field and on the field, Williams said. We do activities together, were always in the chat texting each other. Its a big bind that nobody can break, and I think thats why we were so successful last year.

Were always coming up to watch film after hours, I go to M.J.s house all the time, me and Marquis were just training down in Florida together, me and B-Hill have always talked about playing the same side since we came in the same class together, Woods said. Its a very surreal moment, and I cant wait to see what this group does.

Its a unit with the likes of Williams, Woods, Devonshire, Battle, Ryland Gandy, Jahvonte Royal and Noah Biglow, at just cornerback, and when you add in the likes of Brandon Hill, Erick Hallett, P.J. OBrien, Anderson, Jahvon McIntryre, Judson Tallandier and Steph Hall at safety, its a deep, talented defensive backs room.

The cornerbacks especially though have the unique challenge of playing alone in the defense. Theyre physical and aggressive and if a mistake is made, its obvious. But thats the challenge of playing as a cornerback in Pitts defense. And Collins feels theres still another level of speed to be reached.

Weve got a lot of good speed, weve gotta play fast and physical, Collins said. Thats were going to hone in, being more physical, because we do have good speed. These guys can run.

See original here:
The Anatomy of a Pitt CB: New Level of Speed and Physicality to Reach in 2022 - Pittsburgh Sports Now