Category Archives: Anatomy

‘Grey’s Anatomy Fans Are Disappointed This Character Has Become Totally Useless – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

January 10, 2020 medical

At this point,Greys Anatomy has been on the air for over a decade. Sixteen seasons in, only four members of the shows original cast remain.

To compensate for the notable exits of beloved characters over the years, plenty of new faces have become familiar to fans who tune into the show regularly.

So it only makes sense that seeing some of those faces slowly fade away only to watch them reappear as devices to move an episodes plot forward before disappearing again frustrates fans more than boring, repetitive storylines.

Dr. Carina DeLuca, played byStefania Spampinato, strode confidently onto the set of Greys Anatomy in Season 14.

The arrival of this Italian older sister of Andrew DeLuca was highly anticipated by fans. Her beauty and Italian temperament did not disappoint. The sibling rivalry hinted at the drama played outbetween Derek Shepherd and his sister, Amelia.

Then there was her specialty, researching the female orgasm. Little brother Andrew was not comfortable with that.

Fans soon learned that Carina is attracted to both men and women, and her first love interest is Arizona. Andrew discovers his sisters Seattle arrival when he finds Carina making out with his roommate.

Potential plot twists were numerous, varied, exciting, and unexpected. Carinas romance with Arizona sizzled in brief scenes tucked into all of the other plots weaving around the hospital. The romance fizzled when Arizonas daughter arrived and she had less time for Carina.

A steamy scene between Owen and Carina solidified the split, although it continued to steam around the edges. Fans were led to believe that Carina and Arizona would eventually get their act together. But Arizona moved to New York at the end of the season.

The show temporarily returned her to Italy In Season 15. She needed to spend time with her father, also a doctor, who was in difficulties caused by mental illness. Carina does not return to the show until midway through the season.

As the season winds down, she is furthered sidelined from the plot. Carina is embroiled in a family drama, not a love affair. Very little is seen of her medical skills.

Carina gets a mention toward the end of a TV Fanatic review of Season 15: Carina is still at GSM (!), and she gave a nice speech about the male G-spot. Carina is at her best when shes spouting off her knowledge and scoffing at all things American. Maybe if shes sticking around, shell be utilized better.

So far in Season 16, Carina intuited Amelias pregnancy when Amelia approached Carina to propose a threesome. Carina inquires, Are you here for your pregnancy or just asking for a menage a trois?

Later, she gives Amelia the sonogram report suggesting her baby is Owens and not Links. But where is Carinas personal drama? Is she becoming just a background player preparing to jet back to Italy?

Is Carina preparing to move to Call the Midwife where her OB/GYN skills will be played up? Only time will tell.

The rest is here:
'Grey's Anatomy Fans Are Disappointed This Character Has Become Totally Useless - Showbiz Cheat Sheet

Anatomy

‘Grey’s Anatomy’: This 1 Change Is What the Show Needs to Survive – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

January 10, 2020 medical

One of the highest-rated shows on television since its inception, Greys Anatomy continues to entertain, but will the critically acclaimed series survive? Can one change save Greys Anatomy? Those are questions a lot of fans are wondering.

When Greys Anatomy made its debut on ABC in March 2005, the show focused on the personal and professional relationships of a racially diverse group of medical residents, surgical interns, and seasoned doctors. Among the major characters in the show pilot was an ambitious young surgeon named Meredith Grey, who also happened to be the daughter of esteemed operating room physician, Ellis Grey.

Portrayed by Ellen Pompeo, Dr. Meredith Grey is one of only four characters who remain aboard the long-lived show. The three others who made it all the way to season 16 are doctors Miranda Bailey, Alex Karev, and Richard Webber.

In February 2019, Greys Anatomy toppled the record previously held by ER as American televisions most enduring prime-time scripted medical drama, according to Vulture magazine. Readers may recall the long-running medical drama spurring the careers of George Clooney, Noah Wyle, Anthony Edwards, and Laura Innes.

Now in its 16th year, each 41-minute episode of Greys Anatomy typically opens with a foretelling narrative by Dr. Meredith Grey. But that might not be enough to keep the show alive.

According to TheTalko, there are 15 reasons why Greys Anatomy could have called it quits after the third season.

For instance, most of the original cast has moved on, boring new characters have been added, and the once-beloved medical drama has become virtually unrecognizable.

Filmed primarily in sunny Southern California, Greys Anatomy is purported to take place at a Seattle teaching hospital named Grey Sloan Memorial.

Over the years, the primary characters of Greys Anatomy learned surgical techniques and hospital protocol while enduring a countless array of calamities, including bomb threats, plane crashes, and hospital fires, explains PopSugar.

Now that the lead characters have aged well beyond medical school, theres not nearly as much teaching going on as there was in the first three seasons. And that may be the key to saving the show.

Regardless of whether Greys Anatomy enacts a major change, lead actress Ellen Pompeo may. Although the 50-year-old actress told Entertainment Weekly that she still cares very much about the series that sent her to stardom, she also noted that its about time to mix it up and that she was definitely looking for a change as long ago as 2018, explains TV Line.

The Massachusetts-born actress also said that she felt as if the majority of stories had already been told.

In a Reddit thread, critical viewers offered a range of suggestions that, if enacted, might save Greys Anatomy from cancellation. One Reddit commentator recommended that Alexs sister become a bigger part of the storyline and that Merediths character should be given a brother.

One thing thats certain is that when viewers originally fell in love with the show, Greys Anatomy featured a true-to-life medical drama that offered viewers a glimpse into the inner workings of an actual teaching hospital.

Thats what made Greys Anatomy a hit in the first place, and thats what viewers want to see. If hungry new interns are introduced, and if medical teaching is reintroduced as the focus of the show, Greys Anatomy might make it into the foreseeable future.

[Correction: An earlier version said Ellen Pompeo is 60 years old. She is 50.]

Anatomy

Great moments in PC gaming: Restarting Anatomy – PC Gamer

January 8, 2020 medical

Great moments in PC gaming are bite-sized celebrations of some of our favorite gaming memories.

We talk about dread a lot when the subject of horror games come up. It's what the best horror is aboutanticipation and imagination, half-heard sounds and glimpsed shapes. It keeps you dangling on the hook, wondering what the fish will look like.

Anatomy is a perfect example. All you know is that you're exploring a darkened house hunting for cassette tapes. Each open doorway is perfect blackness until you walk through it, then pace out the corners of rooms in what seems like an ordinary suburban home. You find a cassette, walk back to the room with the tape player, and then have to stand there in the pool of red light it casts just waiting while it plays a snippet of spooky philosophical rambling about the psychogeography of houses and how they relate to human anatomy.

Then words appear on the screen. THERE IS A TAPE IN THE LIVING ROOM, the words say, or THERE IS A TAPE IN THE GARAGE, and you set off away from the red light into darkness again.

At first this is literally the entire game. I won't spoil where it goes from there, but I will tell you that at some point Anatomy simply stops running. The program closes, disentangling you from the hook to stare at your operating system. Anatomy isn't done with you, though. It's waiting for you to muster the courage to start it again.

When you do, things are different. The VHS lines that wash over the screen are more frequent, the audio is distorted, and the house is different. Like a tape that's been played too many times it's degraded. There's a word: Things can be degraded both in the simple sense of lowering their quality, but also in terms of degenerating, of debasing, of growing further into abnormality.

Then Anatomy stops running for a second time and you're staring at the screen and you really don't want to run that .exe again.

If it was just pushing you back to a prior checkpoint or even the menu it wouldn't have the same effect. The momentum of playing a game would continue, carrying straight on would be a relatively frictionless decision. But because the game's stopped completely, it's a bit more tempting to stop playing. To just quickly check your email or get a snack or maybe play something else.

Actually running Anatomy.exe suddenly feels like a weighty decision, one that's deliberate and so requires deliberation, and everything that happens afterward will therefore be your own fault. That's dread, and the fact that Anatomy imbues the act of double-clicking an icon with such a powerful emotion is a hell of an achievement.

Anatomy

Anatomy of a Motherboard – TechSpot

January 8, 2020 medical

You might have a desktop PC at work, school, or home. You might use one to work out tax returns or play the latest games; you might even be into building and tweaking computers. But how well do you know the components that make up a PC? Take the humble motherboard -- it sits there, quietly keeping everything running, and rarely gets the same attention as the CPU or graphics card.

Motherboards are remarkably important though, and full of really cool technology. So let's go all Grey's Anatomy, and dissect the motherboard -- breaking down its various parts and seeing what each bit does!

Let us begin with the main role of a motherboard. In essence, it serves two purposes:

There are other things a motherboard does (e.g. holds the components in place, or provides feedback as to how well everything is functioning) but the aforementioned aspects are critical to how a PC operates, that almost every other part that makes up the motherboard, is related to these two things.

Nearly every motherboard used in a standard desktop PC today will have sockets for the central processing unit (CPU), memory modules (nearly always a type of DRAM), add-in expansion cards (such a graphics card), storage, input/ouputs, and a means to communicate with other computers and systems.

Standard motherboards initially differ in terms of their size, and there are industry-wide standards that manufacturers tend to adhere to (and plenty of others that don't). The main sizes you're likely to come across are:

You can see a far more comprehensive list on Wikipedia but we'll just stick to standard ATX for simplicity, because the differences generally lie in the number of sockets available to be powered and connected; a bigger motherboard permits more sockets.

A motherboard is simply a big electronic printed circuit board, with lots of connectors to plug things into and hundreds, if not thousands, of feet of electrical traces that run between the various sockets. Theoretically, the board isn't needed: you could connect everything together by using a huge mass of wires. The performance would be terrible, though, as the signals would interfere with one another, and there would be notable power losses by using this method, too.

We'll begin our breakdown by using a typical ATX motherboard. The image below corresponds to an Asus Z97-Pro Gamer and its appearance, features, and functions can be found in dozens more like it.

The only problem with the picture (other than the motherboard being quite... umm... well, used) is that there are a lot of visible components, making it trickier to spot everything clearly.

Let's strip it all away and look at a simplified diagram to begin with (below).

That's better, but there is still a lot of sockets and connectors to talk about! Let's start near the top, with the most important one of all.

The diagram has a structure labelled LGA1150. This is the name used by Intel to describe the socket used to hold many of their CPUs. The letters, LGA, stand for Land Grid Array, a common type of packaging technology for CPUs and other integrated circuits.

LGA systems have lots of little pins in the motherboard, or in a socket on the board, to provide power and communications to the processor. You can see them in the picture below:

The metal bracket holds the CPU in place but it's getting in the way of seeing the pins clearly, so let's move it to one side.

Remember the name for this? LGA1150. The number is for how many pins there are in this socket. We'll explore the connections for a CPU in another article, but for now we'll just point out that motherboards for other CPUs will have more or fewer pins.

In general, the more capable the CPU (in terms of number of cores, amount of cache, etc), the more pins will be found in the socket. A large number of these connections will be used to send and receive data to the next important feature on a motherboard.

The sockets or slots that are always the closest to the CPU are those that hold DRAM modules, aka system memory. These are connected directly to the CPU and nothing else on the motherboard. The number of DRAM slots depend mostly on the CPU, as the controller for the memory is built into the central processor.

In the example we're looking at, the CPU that fits into this motherboard has 2 memory controllers, with each one handling 2 sticks of memory - hence there are 4 sockets in total. You can see that, on this motherboard, the memory sockets are colored in way to let you know which ones are managed by which controller. They're commonly called memory channels, so channel #1 handles two of the slots and channel #2 handles the other two.

For this particular motherboard, the colors of the slots can be a little confusing (and it certainly confused this author!): the two black slots are actually one each for the two memory controllers (and same for the grey ones). So the black slot closest to the CPU socket is channel #1, and the next black one is channel #2.

It's colored like this to encourage you use the motherboard in what is called dual memory channel mode - by using both controllers at the same time, the overall performance of the memory system is increased. So let's say you had two RAM modules, each one 8 GB in size. No matter what slots you put them in, you'll always have a total of 16 GB of available memory.

However, if you put both modules into both of the black slots (or both of the grey slots), the CPU will essentially have double the routes possible to access that memory. Do it the other way (one module in each color) and the system will be forced to access the memory with just the one memory controller. Given that it can only manage one route at a time, it's not hard to see how this doesn't help performance.

This CPU/motherboard combination uses DDR3 SDRAM (double data rate version 3, synchronous dynamic random access memory) chips and each socket holds one SIMM or DIMM. The 'IMM' part stands for Inline Memory Module; the S and D refers to where the module has one side filled with chips or both sides (single or dual).

Along the bottom edge of the memory module are lots of gold plated connectors, and this type of memory has 240 of them in total (120 each side). These provide the power and data signals for the chips.

A single DIMM of DDR3 SDRAM. Image: Crucial

Bigger modules would allow you to have more memory, but the whole setup is limited by the pins on the CPU (almost half of the 1150 pins in this example are dedicated to handle these memory chips) and space for all of the traces or electrical wires in the motherboard.

The computer industry has stuck with using 240 pins on memory modules since 2004 and shows no signs of changing any time soon. To improve memory performance, the chips simply run faster with each new version released. In the example we're looking at, the CPU's memory controllers can each send and receive 64 bits of data per clock cycle. So with two controllers, the memory sticks will having 128 pins dedicated to transferring information. So why 240 pins?

Each memory chip on the DIMM (16 in total, 8 per side) can transfer 8 bits per clock cycle. That means each chip needs 8 pins, just for data transfers; however, two chips share the same data pins, so only 64 of the 240 are data ones. The remaining 176 pins are required for timing and reference purposes, transmitting the addresses of the data (location of where the data is on the module), controlling the chips, and providing electrical power.

So you can see that having more than 240 pins won't necessarily make things better!

System memory is connected directly to the central processor to boost performance, but there are other sockets on the motherboard that are wired a bit like this (and for the same reason). They use a connection technology called PCI Express (PCIe, for short) and every modern CPU has a PCIe controller built into it.

These controllers can handle multiple connections (typically referred to as lanes), even though it is a 'point-to-point' system, meaning that the lanes in the socket aren't shared with any other device. In our example, the CPU's PCI Express controller has 16 lanes.

The image below shows 3 sockets: the top two are PCI Express, while the bottom one is a much older system called PCI (related to PCIe, but a lot slower). The little one at the top is labelled PCIEX1_1 because it is a single lane socket; the one below it is a 16 lane socket.

If you scroll back up and look at the whole motherboard again, you can see that there are:

But if the CPU's controller only has 16 lanes, what's going on? First of all, only PCIEX16_1 and PCIEX16_2 are connected to the CPU - the third one, and the two single lane sockets are connected to another processor on the motherboard (more about that in a moment). Secondly, if both sockets were filled with devices that use 16 PCIe lanes, then the CPU will only dedicate 8 lanes to each.

This is the case of all CPUs today; they have a limited number of lanes, so as more devices get connected to the CPU, each one gets a smaller number of lanes to work with.

Different CPU and motherboard configurations have their own way of handling of this. For example, Gigabyte's B450M Gaming motherboard has one PCIe 16 lane socket, one PCIe 4 lane socket and a M.2 socket that uses 4 PCIe lanes. With only 16 lanes available from the CPU, using any two sockets will force the larger x16 one to be capped to 8 lanes.

So what kind of things use those sockets? The most common choices are:

You can see the difference between the connectors in the image above. The graphics card sports the longer 16 lane one, compared to the sound card's little 1-lane setup. The latter has far less data to transfer than the former, so it doesn't need all those extra lanes.

In our motherboard example, like all others, has lots more sockets and connections to manage, and so the CPU gets a helping hand from another processor.

If we go back 15 years or so, and look at motherboards from that era, there were two additional chips built into them to support the CPU. Together, they were called a chip set (usually concatenated to chipset), and individually they were called the Northbridge (NB) and Southbridge (SB) chips.

The former handled the system memory and graphics card, the latter processed the data and instructions for everything else.

The above image, of an ASRock 939SLI32 motherboard, clearly shows the NB/SB chips - they're both hidden under aluminum heatsinks, but the one closest to the CPU socket in the middle of the image is the Northbridge. A few years after this product was around, both Intel and AMD released CPUs that had the NB integrated into the central processor.

The Southbridge, though, has remained separate and is likely to be so for the foreseeable future. Interestingly, both CPU manufacturers have stopped calling it the SB and often refer to it as the chipset (Intel's proper name for it is the PCH, platform controller hub), even though it's just a single chip!

On our more modern example from Asus, the SB is also covered with a heatsink, so let's pop it off and have a look at the extra processor.

This chip is an advanced controller, handling multiple types and numbers of connections. Specifically, it's an Intel Z97 chipset and offers the following features:

It also has an integrated network adapter, an integrated sound chip, a VGA display output, and a whole host of other timing and controlling systems. Other motherboards will have more basic/advanced chipsets (providing more PCIe lanes, for example) but in general, most chipsets offer the same kind of features.

For this particular motherboard, this is the processor that handles the single lane PCIe slots, the third 16 lane slot, and the M.2 slot. Like many newer chipsets, it handles all of these different connections by using a set of high speed ports that can be switched to PCI Express, USB, SATA, or networking, depending on what is connected at the time. This, unfortunately, places a limit on how many devices plugged into the motherboard, despite all those sockets.

In the case of our Asus motherboard, the SATA ports (used to attach hard drives, DVD burners, etc) are grouped as shown above because of this limitation. The block of 4 ports in the middle use the chipset's standard USB connections, whereas the two on the left use some of these high speed connections.

So if you use the ones on the left, then the chipset will have fewer connections for other sockets. The same is true for the USB 3.0 ports. There is support for up to 6 devices, but 2 of these ports will also eat into the high speed connections.

The M.2 socket, used to connect SSD storage, uses the fast system, too (along with the third 16 lane PCI Express slot on this motherboard); however, on some CPU/motherboard combinations, the M.2 sockets connect directly to the CPU, as many newer products have more than 16 PCIe lanes to distribute and use.

Along the left hand side of our motherboard, there is a row of connectors generally called the I/O set (input/output) and in this instance, the Southbridge chip (or chipset) only handles a few of them:

The CPU's integrated graphics processor handles the HDMI and DVI-D sockets (bottom middle) but the rest are managed by additional chips. Most motherboard have a raft of extra little processors to manage all kinds of things, so let's have a look at some of those.

CPUs and chipsets have a limit to what they can support or connect to, so most motherboard manufacturers offer products with extra features, thanks to the use of other integrated circuits. This might be to provide extra SATA ports, for example, or provide connections for older devices.

The Asus motherboard we've been looking at is no different. For example, the Nuvoton NCT6791D chip handles all of the little connectors for fans and the temperature sensors built into the board; the Asmedia ASM1083 processor next to it manages the two legacy PCI sockets, because the Intel Z97 chip has no such capability.

Although Intel's chipset has a built-in network adapter, it uses some of those valuable high speed connections, so Asus added another Intel chip (an I218V) to manage the red ethernet socket we saw in the I/O set. The above image does no justice to how small this chip is: it's just 0.24 inches (6 mm) square!

The stadium-shaped silver metal thing is a type of quartz crystal oscillator -- it provides a low frequency timing signal, for the networking chip to stay synchronized.

Something else that this motherboard offers as an extra is a chip to handle audio. Yes, the Intel chipset has its own integrated sound processor, but it's been bypassed for the same kind of reasons that Asus have added a separate networking chip and that most people add a graphics card to replace the integrated graphics processor in the CPU. In other words, the extra chip is just better!

Not all of the extra chips on the motherboard are about replacing integrated ones, many are there to manage or control the operation of the board in general.

These little chips are PCI Express switches and help the CPU and Southbridge manage the 16 lane PCIe connectors, when they need to distribute the lanes to more devices.

Motherboards with the ability to overclock CPUs, chipsets, and system memory are now commonplace, and many come with extra integrated circuits to manage this. In our example board, highlighted in red, Asus is using its own design called the TPU ('TurboV Processing Unit') that adjusts clock speeds and voltages to a fine level of control and adjustment.

The little Pm25LD512 device next to it, highlighted in blue, is a flash memory chip that stores the clock and voltage settings when the motherboard is powered off, so you don't have to redo them, every time you power up the PC.

Every single motherboard has at least one flash memory device, though, and this is for storing the motherboard's BIOS (the basic hardware initialization operating system that gets everything going before loading Windows, Linux, macOS, etc).

This Winbond chip is just 8 MB in size but that's more than enough to hold all of the software needed. This kind of flash memory is designed to use very little power when in use and hold onto its data for decades.

When you switch on the PC, the contents of the flash memory are copied directly to the CPU's cache or system memory, and then run from there, for maximum performance. However, the one thing that this memory can't hold onto is time.

This motherboard, like every other one around, uses a CR2032 cell to power a simple timing circuit, that keeps track of the data and time for the motherboard. Of course, the power of a cell doesn't last forever and once it's flat, the motherboard will default to a starting time/date in the flash memory.

And speaking of power, there are more connectors for that, too!

To provide the voltage and current required to run the motherboard and many of the devices attached to it, the computer's power supply unit (PSU) will have a number of standard connectors for this purpose. The main one is a 24-pin ATX12V version 2.4 socket.

The amount of current that can be drawn from the pins depends on the PSU, but the voltages are industry set to +3.3, +5, and +12 volts.

The bulk of the current for the CPU is drawn off the 12 volt pins, but for modern high-end systems, it's not enough. To get around this problem, there is an additional 8-pin power connector that provides another four set of 12V pins to be used.

The connectors from the PSU have color coded wires to help identify what each wire is for, but the sockets on the motherboard don't tell you very much. Here's a diagram for the two power sockets:

The +3.3V, +5, and +12V lines supply power to the various components on the motherboard itself, and also powers the CPU, DRAM, and any devices plugged into the extension sockets such as the USB or PCI Express slots. Anything using the SATA ports need power directly from the PSU, though, and PCI Express sockets can only provide up to 75W. If the device needs more juice than that -- lots of graphics cards do -- then they'll need to be hooked up to the PSU directly, too.

However, there's a larger problem than having enough 12V pins: CPUs don't run on that voltage.

For example, the Intel CPUs designed to run on this Asus Z97 motherboard run off voltages between 0.7 and 1.4 volts. It's not a fixed voltage, because today's CPUs vary how much voltage they're running on to save power and reduce heat; so when idling on the desktop, the CPU can tootle away with less than 0.8 volts. Then with all the cores fully loaded and working away, it rises to 1.4 volts or more.

Power supply units are designed to convert mains AC voltage (110 or 230, depending on the country) into fixed DC voltages, so additional circuits must be used to drop them lower and vary them as required. These circuits are called voltage regulation modules (VRMs, for short) and can be easily spotted on any motherboard.

Each VRM is typically comprises 4 components:

See the article here:
Anatomy of a Motherboard - TechSpot

Anatomy

Hubbles Anatomy A 3D Autopsy of the Dynamic Crab Nebula – The Daily Galaxy –Great Discoveries Channel

January 8, 2020 medical

Posted on Jan 6, 2020 in Astronomy, Science

On July 4, 1054 AD, Chinese, Arab, Japanese and Pueblo Indians of New Mexico sky watchers observed what they thought of as the sudden appearance of a new star , which they recorded as six times brighter than Venus. This guest star, as they described it, a supernova, was so bright that people saw it in the sky during the day for almost a month.

Observing the nebula with the largest telescope of the time, reports NASAs Hubblesite, Lord Rosse in 1844 named the object the Crab because of its tentacle-like structure. But it wasnt until the 1900s that astronomers realized the nebula was the surviving relic of the 1054 supernova, SN 1054, which consists of debris ejected during the explosion. The core of the exploding star formed a pulsar, called the Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21). This neutron star at the very center has about the same mass as the sun but compressed into an incredibly dense sphere that is only a few miles across, spinning 30 times a second, shooting out detectable pulsating beams of energy.

Now, astronomers and visualization specialists from the NASAs Universe of Learning program have combined the visible, infrared, and X-ray vision of NASAs Great Observatories to create a three-dimensional representation of the dynamic Crab Nebula.

The multiwavelength computer graphics visualization is based on images from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes. The approximately four-minute video dissects the intricate nested structure that makes up this stellar corpse, giving viewers a better understanding of the extreme and complex physical processes powering the nebula. The powerhouse engine energizing the entire system is a pulsar, a rapidly spinning neutron star, the super-dense crushed core of the exploded star. The tiny dynamo is blasting out blistering pulses of radiation 30 times a second with unbelievable clockwork precision.

Crab Nebula in Multiwavelength

Astronomers and visualization specialists from the NASAs Universe of Learning program have combined the visible, infrared, and X-ray vision of NASAs Great Observatories to create a three-dimensional representation of the dynamic Crab Nebula, the tattered remains of an exploded star.

The multiwavelength computer graphics visualization is based on images from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes.

The approximately four-minute video dissects the intricate nested structure that makes up this stellar corpse, giving viewers a better understanding of the extreme and complex physical processes powering the nebula. The powerhouse engine energizing the entire system is a pulsar, a rapidly spinning neutron star, the super-dense crushed core of the exploded star. The tiny dynamo is blasting out blistering pulses of radiation 30 times a second with unbelievable clockwork precision.

The visualization was produced by a team at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland; the Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California; and the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It will debut at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii. The movie is available to planetariums and other centers of informal learning worldwide.

Seeing two-dimensional images of an object, especially of a complex structure like the Crab Nebula, doesnt give you a good idea of its three-dimensional nature, explained STScIs visualization scientist Frank Summers, who led the team that developed the movie. With this scientific interpretation, we want to help people understand the Crab Nebulas nested and interconnected geometry. The interplay of the multiwavelength observations illuminate all of these structures. Without combining X-ray, infrared, and visible light, you dont get the full picture.

Certain structures and processes, driven by the pulsar engine at the heart of the nebula, are best seen at particular wavelengths.

The movie begins by showing the Crab Nebula in context, pinpointing its location in the constellation Taurus. This view zooms in to present the Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra images of the Crab Nebula, each highlighting one of the nested structures in the system. The video then begins a slow buildup of the three-dimensional X-ray structure, showing the pulsar and a ringed disk of energized material, and adding jets of particles firing off from opposite sides of the energetic dynamo.

Appearing next is a rotating infrared view of a cloud enveloping the pulsar system, and glowing from synchrotron radiation. This distinctive form of radiation occurs when streams of charged particles spiral around magnetic field lines. There is also infrared emission from dust and gas.

The visible-light outer shell of the Crab Nebula appears next. Looking like a cage around the entire system, this shell of glowing gas consists of tentacle-shaped filaments of ionized oxygen (oxygen missing one or more electrons). The tsunami of particles unleashed by the pulsar is pushing on this expanding debris cloud like an animal rattling its cage.

The X-ray, infrared, and visible-light models are combined at the end of the movie to reveal both a rotating three-dimensional multiwavelength view and the corresponding two-dimensional multiwavelength image of the Crab Nebula.

The three-dimensional structures serve as scientifically informed approximations for imagining the nebula. The three-dimensional views of each nested structure give you an idea of its true dimensions, Summers said. To enable viewers to develop a complete mental model, we wanted to show each structure separately, from the ringed disk and jets in stark relief, to the synchrotron radiation as a cloud around that, and then the visible light as a cage structure surrounding the entire system.

These nested structures are particular to the Crab Nebula. They reveal that the nebula is not a classic supernova remnant as once commonly thought. Instead, the system is better classified as a pulsar wind nebula. A traditional supernova remnant consists of a blast wave, and debris from the supernova that has been heated to millions of degrees. In a pulsar wind nebula, the systems inner region consists of lower-temperature gas that is heated up to thousands of degrees by the high-energy synchrotron radiation.

It is truly via the multiwavelength structure that you can more cleanly comprehend that its a pulsar wind nebula, Summers said. This is an important learning objective. You can understand the energy from the pulsar at the core moving out to the synchrotron cloud, and then further out to the filaments of the cage.

Summers and the STScI visualization team worked with Robert Hurt, lead visualization scientist at IPAC, on the Spitzer images; and Nancy Wolk, imaging processing specialist at the Chandra X-ray Center at the CfA, on the Chandra images. Their initial step was reviewing past research on the Crab Nebula, an intensely studied object that formed from a supernova seen in 1054 by Chinese astronomers.

Starting with the two-dimensional Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra images, the team worked with experts to analyze the complex nested structures comprising the nebula and identify the best wavelength to represent each component. The three-dimensional interpretation is guided by scientific data, knowledge, and intuition, with artistic features filling out the structures.

The visualization is one of a new generation of products and experiences being developed by the NASAs Universe of Learning program. The effort combines a direct connection to the science and scientists of NASAs Astrophysics missions with attention to audience needs to enable youth, families, and lifelong learners to explore fundamental questions in science, experience how science is done, and discover the universe for themselves.

This video demonstrates the power of multiwavelength astronomy. It helps audiences understand how and why astronomers use multiple regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to explore and learn about our universe.

NASAs Universe of Learning materials are based upon work supported by NASA under cooperative agreement award number NNX16AC65A to the Space Telescope Science Institute, working in partnership with Caltech/IPAC, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CfA, and Sonoma State University.

The Daily Galaxy, Sam Cabot, via NASA Hubblesite

Image credits: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, J. Olmsted, L. Hustak, J. DePasquale and G. Bacon (STScI), N. Wolk (CfA), and R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC)

Anatomy

Anatomy of a classic FA Cup fightback: How Tranmere Rovers did it at Watford – The Telegraph

January 8, 2020 medical

The wobble

After Jenningss goal Watford were rattled, with the 2,700 Tranmere fans behind the goal cranking up the noise levels even louder.

They pressed us higher up the pitch. We were forced just to kick it, sometimes, admitted Dele-Bashiru, the other half to Chalobahs Swag Brothers, as the pair are known on the training pitch.

The hosts looked lost and Tranmere knew they were in with a chance.

When we scored the first, I turned to a fellow sub and said: If we score again its going to a replay. I thought 100 per cent we would do it, said Mullin.

But time was running out, and a good save from Jennings by Watford goalkeeper Daniel Bachmann looked like it might be crucial. But the Austrian flapped at a free-kick and defender Manny Monthe pirouetted to fire in the visitors second. The comeback was well and truly on.

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Anatomy of a classic FA Cup fightback: How Tranmere Rovers did it at Watford - The Telegraph

Anatomy

Scoop: Coming Up on a New Episode of GREY’S ANATOMY on ABC – Thursday, January 23, 2020 – Broadway World

January 8, 2020 medical

"Help Me Through the Night" - Following the car crash at Joe's Bar and subsequent rescue efforts led by the STATION 19 firefighters, Grey Sloan doctors work through the night to save the lives of their colleagues. Meanwhile, Amelia worries about sharing her pregnancy revelation with Link. Owen and Teddy take a big step, and Bailey deals with grief over her recent loss when "Grey's Anatomy" returns THURSDAY, JAN. 23 (9:00-10:01 p.m. EST), on ABC. (TV-14) Episodes can also be viewed the next day on ABC.com, the ABC app or Hulu.

"Grey's Anatomy" stars Ellen Pompeo as Meredith Grey, Justin Chambers as Alex Karev, Chandra Wilson as Miranda Bailey, James Pickens Jr. as Richard Webber, Kevin McKidd as Owen Hunt, Jesse Williams as Jackson Avery, Caterina Scorsone as Amelia Shepherd, Camilla Luddington as Jo Wilson, Kelly McCreary as Maggie Pierce, Kim Raver as Teddy Altman, Giacomo Gianniotti as Andrew DeLuca, Greg Germann as Tom Koracick, Chris Carmack as Atticus "Link" Lincoln and Jake Borelli as Levi Schmitt.

Guest starring is Jason George as Ben Warren, Richard Flood as Cormac Hayes, Alex Blue Davis as Casey Parker, Alex Landi as Nico Kim and Jaicy Elliot as Taryn Helm.

"Help Me Through the Night" was written by Lynne E. Litt and directed by Allison Liddi-Brown.

"Grey's Anatomy" was created and is executive produced by Shonda Rhimes. Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Debbie Allen, Zoanne Clack, Fred Einesman, Andy Reaser and Meg Marinis are executive producers. "Grey's Anatomy" is produced by ABC Studios. ABC Studios is a part of Disney Television Studios, a collection of studios comprised of 20th Century FOX Television, ABC Studios and FOX 21 Television Studios.

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Scoop: Coming Up on a New Episode of GREY'S ANATOMY on ABC - Thursday, January 23, 2020 - Broadway World

Anatomy

Succession just accomplished what Greys Anatomy did 13 years ago at the Golden Globes – Gold Derby

January 8, 2020 medical

The Golden Globe Awards loves its newbies, but its drama series winner Sunday night was not one. Succession took the prize, becoming the first show since Greys Anatomy 13 years ago to win its first drama series Globe for its second season.

Got all that? First-year shows historically dominate the Globes and this category four of the previous six winners were for freshman series (The Affair, Mr. Robot, The Crown and The Handmaids Tale), with the other being catch-up prizes for the final seasons of two critically acclaimed shows, Breaking Bad and reigning champ The Americans. Homeland was the most recent show to prevail for its second installment, in 2013, but it had also won for its first.

SEE Golden Globes: Complete list of winners in all 25 categories

Like Succession, Greys, which was a midseason replacement in spring 2005, was another show that broke out BIG in its second season (if thats too far back for you to recall, that was the season with the bomb episode, the first part of which was the post-Super Bowl episode, and introduced Jeffrey Dean Morgans doomed Denny). It won in 2007 for the second half of its second season and the first half of its third.

Succession, which led our odds, is the fourth HBO show to win Best Drama Series, following The Sopranos, Six Feet Under and Boardwalk Empire. It overcame The Morning Show, which was the sole freshman series in the lineup, former champ The Crown, Big Little Lies and Killing Eve. In its third season, The Crown was the oldie of the group. Big Little Lies, which, of course, won for Best Limited Series/TV Movie two years ago, and Killing Eve were also contending for their sophomore runs.

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Succession just accomplished what Greys Anatomy did 13 years ago at the Golden Globes - Gold Derby

Anatomy

‘She was the best of us’: The murder of Laura ‘Michele’ Dinwiddie and the anatomy of a cold case – KMOV.com

January 8, 2020 medical

The Victim:Laura 'Michele' Dinwiddie

Laura Dinwiddie, known to her friends as Michele, was brutally murdered in 1975. Her case went unsolved for more than two decades.

To her friends, she was known by her middle name, Michele. And life did not begin easy, as she had life saving surgery just three days after birth.

But then what a child she became.

"Happy and joyous," said Pam Close, remembering her little sister. "You could not find a nicer kid."

"She was this incredible kid, curious about the world," added older sister Cheryl Andre.

The petite brunette with pony-tailed brown hair and brown eyes threw herself into everything she could find. Growing up in one of America's most affluent areas in Greenwich, Connecticut, she read, played the piano and guitar, sang in the chorus, and performed in the theatre. By the time she finished high school in 1970, Michele was a National Honor Society student and a National Thespian.

"We called her the hippie without the drugs," said Cheryl.

With the world in front of her, Michele headed to Denison University in Ohio, one of the nations oldest liberal arts colleges. After studying abroad in England and Austria, she prepared for grad school. But something inside kept bothering her.

"She was always searching for the underdog," Pam said. "Somebody that needed help."

Michele decided to volunteer with an agency called Volunteers in Service for America, or VISTA. It was a newly launched organization, a domestic version of the Peace Corps. VISTA focused on volunteers fighting poverty in the nations poorest communities.

Michele was assigned to St. Louis.

Her parents tried to talk her out of it. Grad school was waiting, a very good jobwould follow, VISTA didn't pay anything, and she was heading into an unknown and possibly dangerous environment. Michele would have none of it.

"The underdog thing," Cheryl said.

Michele had previously worked summer camps with handicapped cub scouts. She decided she wanted to work with blind and deaf children. Especially poor children. She told her parents the VISTA program was only for a year. She would apply to grad schools while she was away.

She packed her bags and headed west, landing first in the Soulard area. VISTA provided $200 a month for living expenses. Michele found used furniture. She refused help from her parents and friends.

Pam remembered hearing Michele's voice when she called home.

"She was very proud of what she was doing," Pam recalled. "She was making a difference in people's lives."

"This was exactly what she wanted to do," said Cheryl."She was the best of us."

With her VISTA year almost over, Michele returned home for Christmas. She was thrilled about her experience in St. Louis.

"I remember we sat and talked all day," Pam said. "She was so happy. Her VISTA time was up, and she was ready for grad school. Everything was in front of her. And then..." Pam paused.

"It was my last visit with her," she said.

Because VISTA called again. Was there any way she could extend her stay in St. Louis just for three more months? They had not found a replacement for her yet, and she was so needed by the children. Michele couldn't say no. Not to the children. Yes, she could delay life again and head back.

This timeMichele would settle in the rough Hyde Park neighborhood on the city's north side, where she was assigned to help children at the then Psychiatric Child Guidance Center, focusing on children with learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. She loved taking deaf children on field trips, teaching them to swim, and doing puppet shows.

Soon, summer would come to St. Louis, and Michele would head home. That was the plan.

It was a brutally cold March day. The temperature dipped to 17 degrees. When Michele didn't report to work, a friend headed to 3933 North 21st street, Apartment A, second floor.

Inside was her body, dressed only with socks. Her throat was slashed and she had been stabbed twice in the chest and once in the abdomen. There was no forced entry, and nothing significant was missing.

Pamreceived the phone call in the middle of the night from her parents.

"I just remember screaming," she said.

The case shocked the city, horrified that a young woman who traveled across the country to help our neediest children could be brutally murdered in her home.

St. Louis homicide detectives began working feverishly around the clock, but leads were few and far between. Soon, the case went cold. But it was never forgotten by St. Louis homicide detectives, who kept in touch with the Dinwiddie family, month after month, year after year.

"We knew they were doing their absolute best," said Cheryl.

But then decades passed, and along with it, Michele's father. As the family buried another member, Michele's mom went to work. Twenty years after her daughter's murder, she wrote an impassioned letter to the St. Louis Police Department, begging them to never forget the case.

It landed on the desk of Captain David Heath, then the commander of the homicide division. So much time had elapsed. Was there really any hope? Heath and his detectives went back to work.

Case file M-75-44 was handed to homicide detective Chris Pappas, who started from scratch.

Pappas started tracking down the original informants in the case. One of the first was a young teenager named Nathan 'Danny' Williams, who told police in 1978 that he knew who killed Dinwiddie. Pappas went looking for Williams, and discovered he had serveda seven year sentence for the rape and sodomy of a 10-year-old girl in south St. Louis in 1979.

In 1985, Williams was back in prison for robbery. And in 1989 he was arrested again, this time for raping a 10-year-old girl in south St. Louis. As a repeat offender, Williams was sentenced to 30 years and sent to the Farmington Correctional Center.

Which meant Chris Pappas would soon became a frequent visitor to Farmington.

Eventually, hewas able to tie evidence found in the rape cases linking Williams to not just the Dinwiddie murder case, but to possibly many others. Eventually, Williams would admit to Pappas that he was there the night Michele was killed, but denied doing the killing.

But the erosion of time presented investigators a problem. Incredibly, Williams was only 14 when Dinwiddie was killed. Could someone so young have done this? Could a case, more than 20 years old, lacking witnesses and before DNA, be brought to a jury?

WithWilliams already behind bars for most of the rest of his life,and Missouri not having a death penalty when Michele was murdered, it became a moot point. For police and the family, Williams admitting to being at the scene was as close to a confession as they were going to get.

It was partial closure for the family, more than 20 years after Michele's murder.

"The police department there never gave up," said Cheryl. "We were very grateful."

For the sisters, solving the case was a blessing, but it wasn't quite closure.

Cheryl wonders if Williams knew Michele. Was he one of the young people she was working to help?

The sisters also remained shocked by Williams' age. Had their sister been murdered by an 8th grader?

"It was very hard to believe that someone so young could have done this," Cheryl said, echoing the sentiment.

And for Pam, there are other questions.

"I would like to meet him just once," Pam said. "I would like to know why he picked her out. How could he hurt someone as kind as Michele? I would ask him what was his life like? Violence is impeded in upbringing. What caused this violent streak? I'm sure he has a story."

Williams does have a story. Quite a lengthy one. KMOV reached out to Williams for his side of the story. He declined.

Today he sits in a Jefferson City prison, eligible for parole in 2039, when he turns 78, 64 years after Michele Dinwiddie was murdered.

But this story does not end here. Sadly, it only begins. As the years unfolded, Williams would come to be the prime suspect in numerous other murders.

Among them, Gina Dawn Brooks, who is profiled in our upcoming cold case story.

.........The men and women of our Homicide Division work diligently with the families of homicide victims each and every day in hope to bring justice and closure.No case is too old and no tip is too small. Regardless of the age of an incident, we always encourage individuals to reach out to our Homicide Division. It could be the missing piece to solving a case........

- St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department

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'She was the best of us': The murder of Laura 'Michele' Dinwiddie and the anatomy of a cold case - KMOV.com

Anatomy

Jaicy Elliot of ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ on Season 16 Picking Back Up – Cheddar

January 8, 2020 medical

How "For the People's" Cast Got Up to Speed on Legal Jargon

She's made the medical, political, and educational worlds steamier than anyone could have ever imagined, now Shonda Rhimes is taking on the legal industry with her new show, "For the People." Stars Ben Rappaport and Susannah Flood join Cheddar, and tell us about the most interesting real trials they observed to prepare for their TV roles.

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Jaicy Elliot of 'Grey's Anatomy' on Season 16 Picking Back Up - Cheddar