Category Archives: Anatomy

Anatomy

Free course on the functional anatomy of the horse’s back – Horsetalk

The edge of the latissimus muscle (arrows) is visible in this trotting horse. FEI

Functional Anatomy of the Back is the latest course on offer from the FEIs Equine Athlete Hub.

The horses back plays a central role in almost every aspect of equine biomechanics. The interactions between muscles of the neck, back, trunk and pelvis play a crucial role in making horses the superb athletes that they are.

Topics covered in the course include:

The course has been compiled by Dr Marie Dittmann and Dr Isabel Imboden.

The free course can be joined by logging in to the FEI with an FEI ID, or an FEI Campus login.

Enrol here

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Free course on the functional anatomy of the horse's back - Horsetalk

Anatomy

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Powersports Battery – Motorcycle & Powersports News

Batteries provide the essential power and energy to start powersports vehicles and the balance of electrical loads from accessories like lighting, winches and entertainment systems. Its an often overlooked component of the vehicles electrical system, but is vital to its operation. A powersports battery must be able to withstand extreme temperatures, take harsh vibration and impacts and be non-spillable if the vehicle turns on its side.

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So, how does a powersports battery work and why are certain electro-chemistries better for one vehicle than another, such as a road racing motorcycle versus a Utility Task Vehicle? Over the years, technological advancements in materials and construction of the batterys components have led to more reliable, durable and powerful performance for powersports applications. The history of the powersports batterys development is a perpetual search for more power and energy in a smaller footprint, while also extending life and increasing resistance to harsh conditions, which has resulted in todays leading battery chemistries, constructions and features.

Until the 1960s, there were virtually no batteries for powersports applications. Except for the largest displacement motorcycles, most bikes started with a kick and did not need a battery to run. All-Terrain Vehicles and UTVs were not introduced until the 1970s[1]. Since then, there has been a huge expansion of battery applications for a wide range of powersports: motorcycles, ATV/UTVs and snowmobiles, among others. Although they all have varying application needs, they all share the need for dependable, compact and reliable power.

Simply put, batteries are vessels for storing and supplying electrical energy. For more than 100 years conventional lead acid batteries have offered the required power and generally reliable performance for automotive applications at a reasonable cost. Sometimes referred to as Starting, Lighting and Ignition (SLI) batteries, they work by converting chemical energy to electrical energy. Each single cell within a battery consists of a number of plates, or electrodes, surrounded by electrolyte. When charging or discharging, ions (atoms with a positive or negative charge) react with the electrolyte and material on the electrodes to create free electrons. The electrons transfer through the circuit connected to the battery to generate or absorb energy.

The electrodes featured in a conventional lead acid battery are produced from lead alloy plates (the conductors) and lead oxides (the active material), while the liquid electrolyte is sulfuric acid. The chemical reaction derived from a battery discharging causes the acid to reduce its concentration, while charging refurbishes the original electrolyte concentration. As charging occurs, water in the electrolyte breaks down into oxygen and hydrogen that is generated at the plate surface and in flooded batteries is vented to the atmosphere. In sealed batteries, the hydrogen and oxygen will remain in the battery and will eventually recombine to form water. A single cell nominally generates two volts of electricity, and six cells are connected in a series to make a 12-volt battery.

Most of the conventional lead acid batteries on the market today are made of recycled lead[2]. Lead is too soft to support itself, so calcium is added to give the plates the needed firmness to perform. These two dissimilar metals can generate galvanic corrosion, which causes the plates to actually consume themselves as the battery sits. In the short term, this increases the self-discharge rate. If the battery sits without use for too long, the open circuit voltage will drop to very low levels and damage the internal lead plates. This is why it is important to always keep conventional lead acid batteries above a 50 percent State of Charge (SOC). In the long term, this corrosion results in a loss of conductivity of the electrode, reduced performance and ultimately total failure. In order to extend the battery life, lead calcium designs must employ thick electrodes to allow more corrosion before failure. Thinner grids in lead-calcium batteries lead to shorter life.

Although the basic chemistry of lead acid batteries has remained more or less the same, advances in materials and construction have resulted in a number of enhanced designs. For instance, deep cycle batteries are another type of conventional lead acid battery, but the internal configuration of the plates is much different to allow for deeper duty cycles. Unlike SLI batteries, which require recharging even after very shallow discharges, deep cycle batteries can be slowly discharged to a safe level before recharging is needed[3].

An alternative lead acid battery construction that came to market in the mid-1970s is the Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) battery, a virtually maintenance-free energy storage solution with premium charging capabilities. Unlike conventional lead acid batteries, an AGM battery contains a fiberglass separator that is placed between each plate to absorb the electrolyte. This makes the battery spill proof with no additional water or electrolyte ever required. Because the plates can be sealed tighter in the cell than conventional lead acid batteries, AGM batteries also offer better shock and vibration resistance. Additionally, AGM batteries are less prone to sulfation and can generally double the length between maintenance charges in storage versus conventional lead acid batteries.

Furthering the strides made with AGM, advanced Thin Plate Pure Lead (TPPL) technology was developed to offer even more advantages to a range of applications. TPPL uses advanced engineering and manufacturing techniques, and premium materials to eliminate the use of calcium from the battery plates. Instead, engineered support and structure in the battery enables the elimination of the corrosive elements. TPPL construction additionally allows more plates to be used, resulting in more functional surface area. Increased surface area equates to significantly better power, even at low states of charge.

Premium AGM batteries, like ODYSSEY Extreme and ODYSSEY Performance batteries, are examples of TPPL batteries. ODYSSEY batteries self-discharge at much slower rates than conventional and even AGM batteries. This means an ODYSSEY battery has a shelf life of up to two years (or three times that of conventional batteries) before it needs to be recharged. Its rugged design provides additional protection against high-impact shock and vibration, two common causes of premature battery failure.

ODYSSEY batteries also have a high recharge efficiency and are capable of 100% recharge in very little time, as the internal resistance is very low to allow recharge with current up to 1C. TPPL batteries are designed for 400 charge/discharge cycles to 80% Depth of Discharge (DOD).

These state-of-the-art batteries perform well, regardless of the weather conditions. While all ODYSSEY batteries provide enormous cranking power at temperatures as low as -40F (-40C), ODYSSEY Performance batteries handle a range of temperatures up to 140F (60C). ODYSSEY Extreme batteries provide longer service life in high-heat applications, as it can tolerate temperatures as high as 176F (80C).

ODYSSEY dual purpose batteries also have excellent deep cycle reserve power which allows them to power accessories and systems when needed, such as winches, auxiliary lights, A/C compressors, navigation systems and start/stop systems. The batteries can also provide high engine cranking pulses of double to triple that of equally sized conventional lead acid batteries.

Today, powersports owners have a wide range of battery options, depending on their specific application. Premium AGM batteries with TPPL technology, like ODYSSEY batteries, offer many advantages to handle even the toughest vehicle demands.

Link: EnerSys

[1] Live Outdoors, The History of the ATV, 2019. Accessed on July 15, 2019. https://www.liveoutdoors.com/motorsports/166269-the-history-of-the-atv/

[2] World Health Organization, Recycling used lead-acid batteries: health consideration, 2017, p. 6. Accessed on May 21, 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259447/9789241512855-eng.pdf;jsessionid=31BA0C2315056E7B2AC8BF94409ACCBD?sequence=1

[3] Laukkonen, Jeremy. The Science of Automotive Battery Technology, Lifewire. Published on March 22, 2019 and accessed online on May 21, 2019. https://www.lifewire.com/science-of-automotive-battery-tech-534784

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The Anatomy and Evolution of the Powersports Battery - Motorcycle & Powersports News

Anatomy

TV best bets with CMA Awards, Sophia Loren, Forest Whitaker, Greys Anatomy,’ "Law & Order: SVU,’ the Reagans, I Am Greta – Atlanta Journal…

And fans of Sophia Loren will be thrilled to see the 86-year-old legend return to the screen for the first time in 10 years in the Italian film The Life Ahead on Netflix Friday.

The streamer also introduces a new holiday musical Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey" featuring Forest Whitaker as Jeronicus Jangle, a Victorian-era toymaker in the imaginary town of Cobbleton who falls on hard times after the death of his wife and the betrayal of his apprentice, played by Keegan-Michael Key.

This covers Monday, Nov. 9 through Sunday, Nov. 15.

MONDAY

Dancing With the Stars 8 p.m. ABC Jeannie Mai had to withdraw due to injury last week. Its icons week for the top 7.

Filthy Rich 9 p.m. Fox This show has been canceled.

The Good Doctor 10 p.m. ABC Dr. Shaun Murphy and Dr. Marcus Andrews determine that their patient has been infected with COVID-19.

Industry 10 p.m. HBO (new series) Follows a group of young graduates competing for a limited number of permanent positions at a leading international bank in London.

TUESDAY

A Teacher 3:01 a.m. Hulu (new miniseries) This drama series examines the complexities and consequences of an illicit sexual affair between a young teacher and her student.

The Bachelorette 8 p.m. ABC Tayshia is now the bachelorette.

The Cost of Winning 9 p.m. HBO The Panthers are one week away from their season opener in Miami as they prepare to play teams across the country.

This is Us 9 p.m. NBC Kevin and Madison navigate their engagement as Kate and Toby take a big step in their adoption journey.

Country Strong: Countdown to the CMA Awards 10:01 p.m. ABC The hour-long special includes interviews and appearances by some of country musics biggest stars, including Kelsea Ballerini, Kelleigh Bannen, Dierks Bentley, Luke Bryan, Bobby Bones, Vince Gill, Little Big Town, Mickey Guyton, Maren Morris, Lionel Richie and Little Big Town, as well as Keith Urban and many more.

WEDNESDAY

Aunty Donnas Big Ol' House of Fun 3:01 a.m. Netflix (new series) Comedy trio Aunty Donna showcase their uniquely absurd and offbeat style through an array of sketches, songs and eclectic characters.

Eaters Guide to the World 3;01 a.m. Hulu (new series) Discover the most surprising culinary destinations in Eaters Guide to the World. Join narrator Maya Rudolph on a quest to find the most unexpected places to score an epic meal, while drinking and dining with the locals along the way.

The Liberator 3:01 a.m. Netflix A diverse, deeply brave crew of ragtag soldiers become some of the most heroic fighters of the European invasion in World War II. Based on true events.

A Queen Is Born 3:01 a.m. Netflix (new series) Gloria Groove and Alexia Twister make drag dreams come true as they help six artists find the confidence to own the stage in this makeover show.

Trial 4 3:01 a.m. Netflix Charged as a teen in the 1993 killing of a Boston cop, Sean K. Ellis fights to prove his innocence while exposing police corruption and systemic racism.

The 54th Annual CMA Awards 8 p.m. ABC Reba McEntire and Darius Rucker host.

Chicago Med 8 p.m. NBC (sixth season debut) The entire staff at Chicago Med adjusts to the new normal of the pandemic.

Chicago Fire 9 p.m. NBC (ninth season debut) Firehouse 51 welcomes a new member to the team, whose presence could provide some complications.

S.W.A.T. 9 p.m. CBS (fourth season debut) Hondo, his father Daniel Sr. and his teen charge Darryl confront the history of racial tension in Los Angeles between law enforcement and the Black community.

Chicago PD 10 p.m. NBC (eighth season debut) The team responds to the shooting of a 5-year-old girl and they must work the case while facing new obstacles that come from the heightened attention on police reform.

Varietys Salute to Service 10 p.m. History A celebration of the notable efforts and contributions by various individuals shining a light on military services and related organizations.

The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City 10 p.m. Bravo (new series) Jen throws a Tongan themed birthday party for her close friend Meredith, but the celebration turns sour when she confronts Mary about insensitive comments made about her family.

THURSDAY

Station 19 ABC (fourth season debut) When the COVID-19 pandemic hits Seattle, the Station 19 crew leans on each other for support.

Superstore 8 p.m. NBC With the floor supervisor position available, Jonah decides to throw his hat in the ring, much to Dinas chagrin.

Young Sheldon 8 p.m. CBS Only the episode title is available as of this writing: A Docent, A Little Lady and A Bouncer Named Dalton.

Greys Anatomy 9 p.m. ABC (17th season debut) The season 17 premiere picks up one month into the COVID-19 pandemic, and Grey Sloan Memorial and its surgeons' lives have been turned upside down.

Transhood 9 p.m. HBO Sharon Liese follows, over the course of five years, the lives of four transgender children, building a touching and humane portrait of life and difference.

Law & Order: SVU 9 p.m. NBC (22nd season debut) The squads effort to solve an assault is hampered by their own blind spots and a community that is losing trust in the police.

Mom 9:01 p.m. CBS Bonnie and Adam regret spending their first wedding anniversary with Marjorie and her new beau, Wayne.

The Unicorn 9:30 p.m. CBS After Wade has an instant connection with a woman he met briefly in a parking lot, hes determined to find her again.

The Paley Center Presents Law & Order: Before They Were Stars 10 p.m. NBC The telecast will feature many actors whose roles on Law & Order played an instrumental part in shaping their careers, including Ron Cephas Jones, Chris Sullivan, and Susan Kelechi Watson, Leslie Odom Jr., Michael Imperioli and Aida Turturro, Ariel Winter, and S. Epatha Merkerson.

FRIDAY

Fireball 3:01 a.m. Apple TV+ Explores how meteorites and shooting stars have inspired humankind to look heavenward.

Becoming You 3:01 a.m. Apple TV+ The series, narrated by Olivia Colman, spans the globe and features 100 children from 10 countries. Each episode will examine how babies of all nationalities learn to think and speak in their native languages.

I Am Greta 3:01 a.m. Hulu Greta Thunberg, a 15-year-old student in Sweden, starts a school strike for the climate. Her question for adults: if you dont care about her future on earth, why should she care about her future in school? Within months, her strike evolves into a global movement. Greta, a quiet Swedish girl on the autism spectrum, is now a world-famous activist.

'Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey" 3:01 a.m. Netflix Decades after his trusted apprentice betrayed him, a once-joyful toymaker finds new hope when his kind and curious granddaughter comes into his life. Stars include Forest Whitaker, Keegan-Michael Key, Phylicia Rashad and Hugh Bonneville.

The Life Ahead 3:01 a.m. Netflix Sophia Loren plays a Holocaust survivor who becomes a maternal figure for a 12-year-old street kid named Momo who robs her.

The Blacklist 8 p.m. NBC (eighth season debut) Red directs the Task Force to investigate a legendary criminal who organizes elaborate extractions.

Shark Tank 8 p.m. ABC An Iraq war veteran from Baltimore, Maryland, tries to work out a deal with the Sharks for her unique fitness system intended to help one train like a hero.

WEEKEND

Christmas on Wheels 8 p.m. Saturday Lifetime Ashley returns to her small hometown to care for her uncle who recently broke his ankle. When she learns that he has sold her Moms vintage red convertible, a car that holds many wonderful Christmas memories for Ashley, she is disappointed. But with the help of Duncan, her uncles attorney, Ashley is reunited with the car and restores it to its former glory.

NCIS: Los Angeles 8 p.m. Sunday CBS As the trial begins of a Chief Petty Officer who Callen and Sam arrested for war crimes last year, the NCIS team is called to help find the missing star witness.

The Reagans 8 p.m. Sunday Showtime (first of four parts) This documentary explores the many surprisingly unexamined aspects of the Reagan White House.

Bobs Burgers 9 p.m. Sunday Fox (200th episode) The family must figure out how to keep the restaurant open after Bobs flattop breaks on the morning of the Ocean Avenue Business Associations: Ocean Fest on Ocean Avenue.

The E! Peoples Choice Awards 9 p.m. Sunday E! Demi Lovato hosts.

The Undoing 9 p.m. Sunday HBO As Haley begins to shape the narrative of the case, Franklin uses his resources to help his family.

Fear the Walking Dead 9 p.m. Sunday AMC An explosion puts June and Virginia on a collision course with each other.

"The Good Lord Bird 9 p.m. Sunday Showtime (first season finale) John Brown and his remaining army take a last stand as more federal troops descend upon Harpers Ferry.

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire 9 p.m. Sunday ABC David Chang in the hot seat.

NCIS: New Orleans 9 p.m. Sunday CBS Tammy and Carter continue to investigate the suspicious death aboard a COVID-infected humanitarian ship offshore.

"Fargo 10 p.m. Sunday FX Rabbi and Satchel hit the road.

The Walking Dead: The World Beyond 10:14 p.m. Sunday AMC The group searches for something that will help their quest.

About the Author

Rodney Ho writes about entertainment for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. A native New Yorker, he has covered education at The Virginian-Pilot, small business for The Wall Street Journal and a host of beats at the AJC over 20-plus years.

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TV best bets with CMA Awards, Sophia Loren, Forest Whitaker, Greys Anatomy,' "Law & Order: SVU,' the Reagans, I Am Greta - Atlanta Journal...

Anatomy

One Piece Anatomy: 10 Weird Things About Its Citizens’ Bodies – CBR – Comic Book Resources

While the people of Eiichiro Oda's One Piece definitely look interesting, a few things about their anatomy just leave the fans scratching their heads.

A huge part of any manga/anime series finding huge critical and financial success is its ability to stand out. There's no hiding the fact that the Japanese media industry is a congested market. If any fictional character is going to make it, they have to look like no one else. This concept is a huge part as to why One Piecein particular is a huge success.

RELATED:One Piece: 10 Things About The Series Manga Readers Know That Anime-Only Fans Don't

The series is able to grab anyone's attention with just a look, and the base anatomy of every citizen speaks volumes about the character of the series itself. However, if one were to actually hold that anatomy with some objectivity, they're bound to find a few inconsistencies.While the people of Eiichiro Oda's worlddefinitely look interesting, a few things about their anatomy just leave the fans scratching their heads.

One of the oddest things with One Piece is seeing some, large characters being called giants and some not. Giants are an actual species within One Piece's world, i.e. an actual race derived from a geographical location and with its own subculture. However, they are often confused with "giant humans," which are regular humans that just happen to be, well, really, really, big.

Characters like Big Mom and whatever Gecko Moria is come to mind. People can be practically as large as pirate ships themselves; yet for some reason, they're not classified or even seen the same way as giants, who, more often than not, are not that much larger than giant humans.

One Piece has this running gag where the crewmates constantly confuse Usopp with other people. This isn't because Usopp himself just has a bland face. He certainly doesn't. It's because, every now and then, they stumble upon another person with a long nose. It doesn't matter if this person is taller, shorter, or has an entirely different body type. If they got that long nose, they are essentially Usopp.

While it is funny in the moment, it is a little strange to see so many people with extended noses. This would include characters like Kaku, Mozu, Kiwi, Foxy, and even Marshall D. Teach brandishing more sniffer than face. If Usopp isn't careful, his main character trait can be taken away.

While fans are still waiting to see if a "long nose people" is a canon thing, they at least have confirmation that there are tribes for other, extended parts of the body. This would include longarm tribe members, such as Scratchmen Apoo and Ideo, longleg tribe members, such as Blue Gilly, Tamago, and Charlotte Smoothie, and even a snakeneck tribe.

If a part of the body is really long, there's bound to be a tribe for it. It is worth noting, however, that there is no, strong confirmation yet if these are actual tribes or if there's just one, mean middle schooler in the World Government just naming races.

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One Piece Anatomy: 10 Weird Things About Its Citizens' Bodies - CBR - Comic Book Resources

Anatomy

Heres when Greys Anatomy, NCIS, Law & Order: SVU return, plus more TV highlights (The Crown, Shame – OregonLive

When everyone seems to be fighting, yelling at each other, and the future is uncertain, the idea of settling in to watch new episodes of familiar TV shows sounds like the entertainment equivalent of putting on your most comfy pajamas and snuggling up in a blanket.

Like everything else, TV schedules have been impacted by the coronavirus, as filming was forced to stop in the spring. That meant that, instead of a wave of returning series coming back to our screens in September and early October, season premieres were delayed because of the slow pace involved in getting shows back into production, and steps required for safety protocols.

Returns and premieres of new shows have generally been more staggered than usual, as some series were able to film before others. But, after several weeks of space-filling fare, including repurposed series from cable (L.A.'s Finest), streaming (Star Trek: Discovery) and imports (Transplant), the networks are finally bringing back some viewer favorites, along with intriguing new offerings.

For those of us lucky enough to be safe and able to work from home, November and December are bringing back TV meat and potatoes fare, along with some more gourmet items. Here are some of the most anticipated, and most promising, shows coming to our screens in the final months of this difficult year.

2020 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony: Depeche Mode, the Doobie Brothers, Whitney Houston, Nine Inch Nails, the Notorious B.I.G., and T. Rex are this years honorees. (8 p.m. Nov. 7. HBO)

NCIS: Los Angeles: The action resumes in Season 12. (8 p.m. PT Nov. 8, CBS)

NCIS: New Orleans: Season 7 premieres. (9 p.m. PT Nov. 8, CBS)

Moonbase 8: Portlandia veterans Fred Armisen and director Jonathan Krisel reunite for a new, six-episode comedy about three hapless astronauts woring at NASAs Moon Base Simulator in Winslow, Arizona, and hoping to be sent on a mission to the moon. The cast also includes John C. Reilly and Tim Heidecker. (11 p.m. Nov. 8, Showtime)

Industry: A British-made workplace drama about ambitious college graduates competing to be hired by a London investment bank. Lena Dunham (Girls) directs the first episode. (10 p.m. Nov. 9, HBO)

A Teacher: Kate Mara stars in a drama that, as the show description says, explores the complexities and consequences of a predatory relationship. Mara plays a young high school teacher in a suburban Texas community, and Nick Robinson plays a student of hers who is dealing with his own challenges. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 10, FX on Hulu)

Eaters Guide to the World: Maya Rudolph narrates a series that, in each episode, explores areas known for outstanding food. In the first installment, options for Dining Alone in the Pacific Northwest are featured, including a section where Portland Monthly restaurant critic Karen Brooks visits favorite Portland spots. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 11, Hulu)

Chicago Med: The Chicago-set procedurals are all back. (8 p.m. Nov. 11, NBC)

Chicago Fire: Season 9 begins. (9 p.m. Nov. 11, NBC)

Chicago P.D.: Season 8 begins. (10 p.m. Nov. 11, NBC)

S.W.A.T.: The police drama returns for Season 4. (10 p.m. Nov. 11, CBS)

Station 19: The drama about firefighters returns for Season 4, in an episode thats a crossover with Greys Anatomy. (8 p.m. Nov. 12, ABC)

Greys Anatomy: The medical show thats been on forever keeps going, with its return for Season 17. (9 p.m. Nov. 12, ABC)

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit: Another veteran show comes back, for Season 22. (9 p.m. Nov. 12, NBC)

The Unicorn: The comedy starring Walton Goggins as a widowed single father returns for Season 2. (9:30 p.m. Nov. 12, CBS)

The Blacklist: James Spader and Megan Boone return for Season 8. (8 p.m. Nov. 13, NBC)

The Crown: The first three seasons of this dramatization of the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II have been absolutely scrumptious, a feast of drama, wit and superb performances. Season 4 continues to feature the Oscar-winning Olivia Colman as Her Highness, and were also set to see the beginning of the tragically ill-fated marriage of Prince Charles (Josh OConnor) and Princess Diana (Emma Corrin). As if that isnt reason enough to wait impatiently, the season also features Gillian Anderson (The X-Files) as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 15, Netflix)

The Reagans: A four-part documentary from Matt Tyrnauer that combines archival footage and interviews to revisit the story of the couple that went from Hollywood to the presidency. (8 p.m. Nov. 15, Showtime)

Murder on Middle Beach: A four-part documentary series that traces filmmaker Madison Hamburgs experience as he investigates a true-crime case thats all too personal the murder of his mother, Barbara Hamburg, who was killed in the comfortable community of Madison, Connecticut. (10 p.m. Nov. 15, HBO)

The Neighborhood: The genial comedy is back for Season 3. (8 p.m. Nov. 16, CBS)

Bob Hearts Abishola: More laughs as the comedy-romance returns for Season 2. (8:30 p.m. Nov. 16, CBS)

His Dark Materials: A second season of the fantasy series inspired by author Philip Pullmans trilogy begins. (9 p.m. Nov. 16. HBO)

Bull: The Michael Weatherley-starring legal show begins Season 5. (10 p.m. Nov. 16, CBS)

The LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special: Favorite Star Wars characters in LEGO form celebrate Life Day, the holiday first introduced in the infamous 1978 Star Wars Holiday Special. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 17, Disney Plus)

NCIS: The long-running ratings champ will be back for Season 18. (8 p.m. Nov. 17, CBS)

FBI: CBS loves its procedurals. This one returns for Season 3. (9 p.m. Nov. 17, CBS)

Big Sky: David E. Kelley (Big Little Lies) created this thriller about investigators trying to get to the bottom of a case involving young women kidnapped in a remote area of Montana. The cast includes Ryan Phillippe, Kylie Bunbury, Katheryn Winnick, Brian Geraghty and John Carroll Lynch. (10 p.m. Nov. 17, ABC)

FBI: Most Wanted: The FBI spinoff begins Season 2. (10 p.m. Nov. 17, CBS)

Crazy, Not Insane: Documentary directed by the prolific Alex Gibney, this follows a psychiatrist who studies murderers and tries to deduce why they kill. (9 p.m. Nov. 18, HBO)

For Life: Nicholas Pinnock returns for Season 2 of the drama about a prisoner who becomes a lawyer. (10 p.m. Nov. 18, ABC)

A Million Little Things: The ensemble drama returns for Season 3. (10 p.m. Nov. 19, ABC)

Small Axe: Director Steve McQueen (12 Years a Slave) created this anthology series that focuses on characters from Londons West Indian community. The cast includes Letitia Wright and John Boyega. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 20, Amazon Prime Video)

Between the World and Me: A special event, based on Ta-Nehisi Coates' bestselling book, about the authors thoughts and concerns about violence against Black Americans and the dangers of white supremacy. This broadcast is based on a 2018 staging of the book at the Apollo Theater. The special will combine elements from that production, documentary footage, animation and readings from Coates' book. Those participating include Coates, Mahershala Ali, Angela Bassett, Angela Davis, Janet Mock, Joe Morton, Wendell Pierce, Phylicia Rashad, Mj Rodriguez, Yara Shahidi, Courtney B. Vance, Olivia Washington, Pauletta Washington, Susan Kelechi Watson, Michelle Wilson and Oprah Winfrey. (8 p.m. Nov. 21, HBO)

Belushi: A documentary about the late John Belushi, which includes materials from the Belushi family, as well as interviews with Belushi creative collaborators, including Dan Aykroyd, Chevy Chase and Lorne Michaels. (9 p.m. Nov. 22, Showtime)

Dolly Partons Christmas on the Square: A new holiday musical, featuring original songs by Parton. Christine Baranski stars as a Scrooge-like woman who needs to learn a lesson about Christmas. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 22, Netflix)

Black Narcissus: A limited series based on Rumer Goddens novel, which was earlier filmed, in 1947, by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. This new adaptation, set in the 1930s, is about a group of nuns who try to establish a mission in a clifftop location in the Himalayas. (8 p.m. Nov. 23, FX)

Hillbilly Elegy: Ron Howard directs a movie adapted from J.D. Vances memoir, with a case that includes Glenn Close, Amy Adams, Freida Pinto and Bo Hopkins. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 24, Netflix)

Saved By the Bell: A sequel to the popular TV series, this one brings back some members of the original cast to play grown-up versions of their characters (including Elizabeth Berkeley, Mario Lopez and Mark-Paul Gosselaar), along with new young actors portraying the current crop of students at Bayside High. (Available to stream beginning Nov. 25, Peacock)

SEAL Team: NOTE: The premiere date has been moved to 9 p.m. Dec. 2. The action picks up again in Season 4. (9 p.m. Nov. 25, CBS)

The Flight Attendant: Kaley Cuoco (The Big Bang Theory) stars in a miniseries about a flight attendant who has too much to drink, and then wakes up to find that shes lying next to a dead body. What happened? Can she remember? And is she the killer? (Available to stream beginning Nov. 26, HBO Max)

SEAL Team: The action picks up again in Season 4. (9 p.m. Dec. 2 CBS)

Selena: The Series: Christian Serratos (The Walking Dead) stars as the late singing star, Selena Quintanilla in a series about her life and career. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 4, Netflix)

The Great British Baking Show: Holidays: Get into the spirit of the season with some especially tempting treats. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 4, Netflix)

Shameless: The long-running series returns for its 11th and final season. (9 p.m. Dec. 6, Showtime)

Your Honor: Bryan Cranston stars in a New Orleans-set drama, playing a judge who tries to protect his son, after the young man is involved in a hit-and-run accident. (10 p.m. Dec. 6, Showtime)

The Prom: Ryan Murphy directs a movie version of the stage show about a pair of New York theater veterans who hear about a female Indiana high school student who hopes to attend the prom with her girlfriend. Deciding that helping the student out could boost their images, the two decide to travel to Indiana. The cast of the musical includes Meryl Streep, James Corden, Nicole Kidman, Andrew Rannells, Kerry Washington and Keegan-Michael Key. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 11, Netflix)

The Stand: Stephen Kings novel about a world stricken by plague sounds a little too timely. This new version stars Whoopi Goldberg and Alexander Skarsgrd. (Available to stream Dec. 17, CBS All Access)

Ma Raineys Black Bottom: The film based on August Wilsons play, about a recording session involving legendary blues singer Ma Rainey, features an impressive cast, including Viola Davis and, in his last role, the late Chadwick Boseman. George C. Wolfe directs. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 18. Netflix)

Coming 2 America: A sequel to the 1988 hit, this again stars Eddie Murphy as an African prince named Akeem, who learns that he has a son in America who he didnt know about. The cast includes Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, Jermaine Fowler, Tracy Morgan and Leslie Jones. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 18, Amazon Prime Video)

Soul: Another movie that was originally bound for theaters, this Pixar animated feature is about a music teacher whose dream of becoming a jazz artist gets complicated. Jamie Foxx and Tina Fey are among the stars who lend their voice talents. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 25, Disney Plus)

Bridgerton: From Shonda Rhimes (Scandal) comes a highly anticipated series based on a popular book series, telling a romantic tale that takes place in early 1800s England. The series is narrated by Julie Andrews, and it sounds like this will be a bit more daring than your standard period piece. (Available to stream beginning Dec. 25, Netflix)

More of our coverage:

Watching a lot of Netflix? Get ready to pay more, as the streamer just raised prices

Holiday TV movies: In 2020, Hallmark, Lifetime and more promise much-needed escapism, more diversity

-- Kristi Turnquist

kturnquist@oregonian.com 503-221-8227 @Kristiturnquist

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Heres when Greys Anatomy, NCIS, Law & Order: SVU return, plus more TV highlights (The Crown, Shame - OregonLive

Anatomy

Newly discovered fossil documents small-scale evolutionary changes in an extinct human species | The Source – Washington University in St. Louis…

Males of the extinct human species Paranthropus robustus were thought to be substantially larger than females much like the size differences seen in modern-day primates such as gorillas, orangutans and baboons. But a new fossil discovery in South Africa instead suggests that P. robustus evolved rapidly during a turbulent period of local climate change about 2 million years ago, resulting in anatomical changes that previously were attributed to sex.

An international research team including anthropologists at Washington University in St. Louis reported their discovery from the fossil-rich Drimolen cave system northwest of Johannesburg in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution on Nov. 9.

This is the type of phenomenon that can be hard to document in the fossil record, especially with respect to early human evolution, said David Strait, professor of biological anthropology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University.

The remarkably well-preserved fossil described in the paper was discovered by a student, Samantha Good, who participated in the Drimolen Cave Field School co-led by Strait.

Researchers already knew that the appearance of P. robustus in South Africa roughly coincided with the disappearance of Australopithecus, a somewhat more primitive early human, and the emergence in the region of early representatives of Homo, the genus to which modern people belong. This transition took place very rapidly, perhaps within only a few tens of thousands of years.

The working hypothesis has been that climate change created stress in populations of Australopithecus leading eventually to their demise, but that environmental conditions were more favorable for Homo and Paranthropus, who may have dispersed into the region from elsewhere, Strait said. We now see that environmental conditions were probably stressful for Paranthropus as well, and that they needed to adapt to survive.

The new specimen discovered at Drimolen, identified as DNH 155, is clearly a male but differs in important ways from other P. robustus previously discovered at the nearby site of Swartkrans where most of the fossils of this species have been found.

Evolution within a species can be difficult to see in the fossil record. Changes may be subtle, and the fossil record is notoriously incomplete.

Usually, the fossil record reveals larger-scale patterns, such as when species or groups of species either appear in the fossil record or go extinct. So this Drimolen discovery provides a rarely seen window into early human evolution.

The new specimen is larger than a well-studied member of the species previously discovered at Drimolen an individual known as DNH 7, and presumed to be female but is measurably smaller than presumed males from Swartkrans.

It now looks as if the difference between the two sites cannot simply be explained as differences between males and females, but rather as population-level differences between the sites, said Jesse Martin, a doctoral student at La Trobe University and the co-first author of the study. Our recent work has shown that Drimolen predates Swartkrans by about 200,000 years, so we believe that P. robustus evolved over time, with Drimolen representing an early population and Swartkrans representing a later, more anatomically derived population.

One can use the fossil record to help reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between species, and that pattern can provide all sorts of insights into the processes that shaped the evolution of particular groups, Martin said. But in the case of P. robustus, we can see discrete samples of the species drawn from the same geographic region but slightly different times exhibiting subtle anatomical differences, and that is consistent with change within a species.

Its very important to be able to document evolutionary change within a lineage, said Angeline Leece of La Trobe University, the other first author of the study. It allows us to ask very focused questions about evolutionary processes. For example, we now know that tooth size changes over time in the species, which begs the question of why. There are reasons to believe that environmental changes placed these populations under dietary stress, and that points to future research that will let us test this possibility.

Co-director of the Drimolen project, La Trobe Universitys Andy Herries said, Like all other creatures on earth, our ancestors adapted and evolved in accordance with the landscape and environment around them. For the first time in South Africa, we have the dating resolution and morphological evidence that allows us to see such changes in an ancient hominin lineage through a short window of time.

The evidence of rapid but significant climate change during this period in South Africa comes from a variety of sources. Critically, fossils indicate that certain mammals associated with woodland or bushland environments went extinct or became less prevalent while other species associated with drier, more open environments appeared locally for the first time.

P. robustus is remarkable in that it possesses a number of features in its cranium, jaws and teeth indicating that it was adapted to eat a diet consisting of either very hard or very tough foods, Strait said. We think that these adaptations allowed it to survive on foods that were mechanically difficult to eat as the environment changed to be cooler and drier, leading to changes in local vegetation.

But the specimens from Drimolen exhibit skeletal features suggesting that their chewing muscles were positioned in such a way as to make them less able to bite and chew with as much force as the later P. robustus population from Swartkrans, he said. Over the course of 200,000 years, a dry climate likely led to natural selection favoring the evolution of a more efficient and powerful feeding apparatus in the species.

Leece said it was notable that P. robustus appeared at roughly the same time as our direct ancestor Homo erectus, as documented by an infant H. erectus cranium that the team discovered at the same Drimolen site in 2015.

These two vastly different species, H. erectus with their relatively large brains and small teeth, and P. robustus with their relatively large teeth and small brains, represent divergent evolutionary experiments, Leece said. While we were the lineage that won out in the end, the fossil record suggests that P. robustus was much more common than H. erectus on the landscape two million years ago.

More broadly, the researchers think that this discovery serves as a cautionary tale for recognizing species in the fossil record.

A large number of fossil human species have been discovered over the past quarter century, and many of these new species designations are based on a small number of fossils from only one or a few sites in small geographic areas and narrow time ranges.

We think that paleoanthropology needs to be a bit more critical about interpreting variation in anatomy as evidence for the presence of multiple species, Strait said. Depending on the ages of fossil samples, differences in bony anatomy might represent changes within lineages rather than evidence of multiple species.

Project Co-Director Stephanie Baker of the University of Johannesburg added, Drimolen is fast becoming a hotspot for early hominin discoveries, which is a testament to the current teams dedication to holistic excavation and post-field analysis. The DNH 155 cranium is one of the best-preserved P. robustus specimens known to science. This is an example of what careful, fine-scale research can tell us about our distant ancestors.

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Newly discovered fossil documents small-scale evolutionary changes in an extinct human species | The Source - Washington University in St. Louis...

Anatomy

33 Iconic "Grey’s Anatomy" Moments That Prove Why Season 2 Remains The Absolute Best – BuzzFeed

This two-part episode earned Shonda Rhimes an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Also, "It's the End of the World" remains the most watched Grey's Anatomy episode of all time, with over 38 million viewers tuning in to watch this postSuper Bowl episode.

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33 Iconic "Grey's Anatomy" Moments That Prove Why Season 2 Remains The Absolute Best - BuzzFeed

Anatomy

‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Season 17 Adds ‘Will & Grace’ and ‘The Following’ Actress – PopCulture.com

Grey's Anatomy Season 17 will feature a new character at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. Mackenzie Marsh was cast in a new recurring role in the long-running ABC medical drama. The series returns on Thursday, Nov. 12 on ABC at 9 p.m. ET, following the season premiere of Station 19. Both shows will touch on the coronavirus pandemic in the crossover premiere.

Marsh will play Val Ashton, an intelligent and fun-loving character who works in publishing and is extremely lonely, reports Deadline. Marsh recently starred on Charmed, Will & Grace, American Housewife, and The Following. She also starred in the movies Just Before I Go and Pee-wee's Big Holiday. According to Marsh's IMDb page, she will star in at least the first two episodes of Grey's Anatomy Season 17, "All Tomorrow's Parties" and "The Center Won't Hold."

The casting news came a few days after star Ellen Pompeo told Variety she might be preparing to end her legendary run as Dr. Meredith Grey on the show. Pompeo said it "could very well be" her last year since Season 17 is the last year of her contract. When it comes to the show itself though, Pompeo said she is not certain how long it could run. The series is already the longest-running American primetime medical drama ever and is still among the top-rated shows in the 18-49 demographic.

"We dont we dont know when the show is really ending yet. But the truth is, this year could be it. And so everything is really important to me that the show is good, and that all the characters storylines are good. Even though its not my place necessarily to fight for other peoples characters, I care very much about the integrity of the show, and the stories that we tell, and the quality," Pompeo told Variety. She later said she is "constantly" calling executive producers Krista Vernoff, Debbie Allen and Shonda Rhimes about the direction of her character.

Vernoff, who serves as showrunner, previously told Variety last month she was concerned about how Grey's should handle the pandemic. She thought people might not want to see a fictional show about it, but her writers convinced her otherwise. Co-executive producer Lynne E. Litt said the pandemic was the "biggest medical story of our lifetimes" and pitched an idea. Naser Alazari, a doctor who spent the show's hiatus working in a clinic, also told Vernoff it was important for the most popular medical drama in the world to handle the crisis. "'This is the biggest medical story of our lifetime, and it is changing medicine permanently. And we have to tell this story,'" Alazari told her, Vernoff recalled.

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'Grey's Anatomy' Season 17 Adds 'Will & Grace' and 'The Following' Actress - PopCulture.com

Anatomy

The Pandemic Hits ‘Station 19’ & ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ in Premiere Crossover (PHOTOS) – TV Insider

The COVID-19 pandemic hits the first responders of Seattle in a premiere crossover event on Thursday, November 12, on ABC, and the first photos out show just how safe everyone is being.

It all begins inStation 19's Season 4 premiere, "Nothing Seems the Same," at 8/7c, when the crew lean on each other for support while facing the health emergency. Meanwhile, Andy (Jaina Lee Ortiz) "tries to make sense" of the fact that her mother is actually alive, and Sullivan (Boris Kodjoe) settles into "a new routine" following his surgery.

Then, in the first of the two-hour Grey's Anatomy Season 17 premiere, "All Tomorrow's Parties," we see how the pandemic turns the lives of Meredith (Ellen Pompeo), Bailey (Chandra Wilson), and the rest of the Grey Sloan doctors upside down a month in.

What brings it all together is a group of teenagers who unintentionally start a wild fire (cuing the need for Station 19's firefighters and pandemics) and are brought into the hospital for treatment (enter theGrey's doctors).

Scroll down for a look at these two episodes.

Station 19, Season 4 Premiere, Thursday, November 12, 8/7c, ABC

Grey's Anatomy, Season 17 Premiere, Thursday, November 12, 9/8c, ABC

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The Pandemic Hits 'Station 19' & 'Grey's Anatomy' in Premiere Crossover (PHOTOS) - TV Insider

Anatomy

Vampire Anatomy, According to The Vampire Diaries | CBR – CBR – Comic Book Resources

The vampires in The Vampire Diaries adhere to some elements from vampire lore, but with roots in dark magic, they are their own bloodthirsty fiends.

In literature, film and TV, the vampire has varied in appearance and abilities, although a few key traits remain the same. The vampire must consume human blood to survive, their power is at its peak during the night and a human must consume the blood of a vampire to become one themselves.The Vampire Diaries features some of the time-honored traditions of vampire lore but the show also introduces its own elements to the bloodthirsty fiends.

The rule that vampire blood is necessary to kick-start the transformation from human to bloodsucker has existed for generations of vampire stories, and The Vampire Diaries is no different. To become a vampire, a human must die with a vampire's blood in their system. The matter of the human's death itself is irrelevant -- although the body does have to be somewhat intact. However, humans hoping to become a creature of the night must either consume vampire blood orally or through injection, or have a vampire's blood poured on an open wound.

RELATED:The Vampire Diaries: How Damon and Stefan Became Vampires

The Vampire Diariesestablishes early on that in order to complete the transformation from human to vampire, a newly created vampire must consume human blood. Animal blood is not sufficient to sustain the transformation, so new vampires who want to adhere to a strict diet of animal blood are out of luck -- at least initially. A human need not die in the process, and vampires can utilizeunconventional methods to obtain the needed blood, likestealing blood donor bags or feeding from a recently deceased human. Regardless, a newly created vampire only has 24 hours to have their first taste of human blood or they will die permanently.

In theTheVampire Diariesuniverse,all vampires descend from the six Original vampires known as the Mikaelson Family -- Mikael, Finn, Elijah, Kol, Rebekah and Klaus. After the Originals were created in 1001 AD, they fed on human blood and thus created the first bloodlines, through which all vampires are connected. The magical properties of the Originals' blood is passed down through each vampire they sire and the ones their progeny sire, meaning that vampires are all one big family. Unfortunately, due to every vampire's link to the Mikaelsons, if one of the Originals die, their entire bloodline follows suit in less than a hour.

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Vampire Anatomy, According to The Vampire Diaries | CBR - CBR - Comic Book Resources