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Immunity: Beyond classical genetics - Nature.com
Women are freezing their eggs because men are refusing to commit to starting a family, a leading professor has warned.
Joyce Harper, professor of embryology at University College London, says it is wrong to think women freeze their eggs because they are obsessed by climbing the career ladder when, in reality, many are deserted by their partners when the issue of starting a family is raised.
As soon as the women mention Should we start having a family, should we think about it? the men have said, Bye, Harper said.
Unlike female fertility, which declines rapidly after the age of 35, men are able to father children into their fifties and older.
She said: It is easier for the men. They can just delay it
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Women freeze their eggs as partners get cold feet - The Times (subscription)
In diseases like cancer, diabetes, rheumatism and stroke, a disorder develops in the blood vessels that exacerbates the condition and obstructs treatment. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet now show how blood vessels can normally change their size to create a functional circulatory system and how vascular malformation during disease can occur. In the study, published in Nature Cell Biology, the researchers managed to treat vascular malformation in mice, a discovery of potential significance to numerous vascular diseases.
A healthy body has a perfect balance of arteries, capillaries and veins that allow the blood to reach every cell in the body and that form what is called the vascular tree. New blood vessels are formed by endothelial cells, which normally coat the inside of blood vessels and which organise themselves into tubes and mature, along with other cells, into arteries, capillaries or veins.
Throughout a persons life, the vascular tree has to adapt its branches to the changing needs of body tissue, such as during growth, muscle building or wound healing. However, there are diseases that affect the endothelial cells in a way that throws the vascular tree out of balance, which exacerbates the disease and often causes haemorrhaging. In cancer, for example, it is known that the vessels leak and direct shunts form between arteries and veins, preventing drugs from reaching the tumour.
To understand how arteries, veins and capillaries are created and how the process malfunctions in the presence of disease the researchers studied normal vascular formation and the inherited Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (HHT), which is characterised by vascular malformation and repeated haemorrhaging, with an increased risk of stroke. By switching signals on and off in the endothelial cells of genetically manipulated mice, the researchers could describe how the protein Endoglin controls vascular formation and malformation. They found that the protein acts like a sensor that detects blood flow and tells the endothelial cells to organise themselves into veins, capillaries or arteries as necessary. Cells that lacked the protein were less able to form arteries.
The researchers were also able to reduce vascular malformation in the genetically manipulated mice.
Our findings contribute to the understanding of fundamental biological processes that explain how the vascular tree is formed and what causes vascular malformation, says Lars Jakobsson, assistant professor at Karolinska Institutets Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Drugs with a similar effect as one of those we tested are currently used to treat patients with inherited vascular malformation but are still under evaluation. Now we have another candidate and a more nuanced idea of how it works. We are now in a better position to control the formation and malformation of blood vessels and thus their function, which can eventually lead to improved treatments for a number of diseases.
The researchers at Karolinska Institutet also contributed to a parallel study, published in the same issue of Nature Cell Biology, describing how blood flow influences endothelial cell size that in turn affects vessel identity and malformation.
This article has been republished frommaterialsprovided byKarolinska Institutet. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Publications
Endoglin prevents vascular malformation by regulating flow-induced cell migration and specification through VEGFR2 signalling. Yi Jin, LarsMuhl, Mikhail Burmakin, YixinWang, Anne-Claire Duchez, Christer Betsholtz, Helen M. Arthur and Lars Jakobsson. Nature Cell Biology, online 22 May 2017
Endoglin controls blood vessel diameter through endothelial cell shape changes in response to haemodynamic cues. Wade W. Sugden, RobertMeissner, Tinri Aegerter-Wilmsen, Roman Tsaryk, Elvin V. Leonard, Jeroen Bussmann, Mailin J. Hamm, Wiebke Herzog, Yi Jin, Lars Jakobsson, Cornelia Denz, Arndt F. Siekmann. Nature Cell Biology, online 22 May 2017
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New Insights into how the Vascular Tree is Formed - Technology Networks
Researchers have retracted a 2016 paper after discovering that they accidentally administered three times the reported dose of anesthesia to rats.
In theExperimental Physiology paper, the authors set out to mathematically map how rats blood pressure changes under different conditions, which required the rats to be anesthetized. But their findings were called into question when theyfoundthe rats had received a much higher concentration of anesthesia than intended. According to the notice, this higher dosecompromisedthe objectives of the experiment.
The corresponding author Karol Ondrias, from the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, told ushow the dosing error occurred: Read the rest of this entry
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Experimental Physiology Archives - Retraction Watch at Retraction ... - Retraction Watch (blog)
Neuroscience research at UWM involves students and faculty from several departments as well as psychology. The work being done in the Psychology Department is aimed at understanding the relationships between the functions of the nervous system and behavior/cognition. Faculty use a wide range of techniques with laboratory animals and human subjects study these issues.
Some of the current topics being investigated by psychology faculty include: neural changes following complex motor skill learning, mapping human brain areas involved in memory and emotion with magnetic resonance imaging, interactions between endogenous dopamine and drugs of abuse, characterization of novel antipsychotic compounds, effects of exercise on cerebral blood flow, the role of opioids and other peptides in pain and analgesia, development of aquatic models of drug abuse, and the neural systems analysis of Pavlovian conditioning and defensive behavior. Neuroscience research and training is currently supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health as well as private foundations.
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Neuroscience | Psychology
Featured articles can cover neuroscience, brain research, regenerative medicine, psychology, genetics, robotics, neurology and many other cognitive science topics. Featured neuroscience articles are articles that we believe to be very important, or that our readers will most likely want to read. Featured articles usually include an image and tend to be shared more across the social networks.
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Featured Archives - Neuroscience News
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The Ethics in Research & Publication program is the collaboration of an independent panel of experts in research and publishing ethics and Elsevier. Visit the website for resources and tools so you can proceed confidently.
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the rest of the body. Earning a doctorate in neuroscience degree might help students pursue a career in neuroscience and/or conduct advance research on the brain. Scholars who earn a PhD in neuroscience could choose to pursue a possible career in medical care, clinical research and other job posts where an advanced understanding of the human brain is necessary. If you want to delve into this field of study, consider neuroscience PhD programs either on campus or online.
Every profession and field of study is particularly suited for certain traits and natural abilities. The neuroscience field is no different. While some scholars enter the program with natural predispositions, graduates have the opportunity to develop a full gambit of useful skills as they complete their coursework. After graduation, many successful scholars possess the following predispositions or capabilities:
Your exact core courses and required classes may vary depending on your educational institution and concentrations. The exact number of hours or credits in each subject also varies between degree programs. Frequently, before choosing a program, the institution may allow for browsing of the course catalogue or provide an overview of the curriculum. Some common topics and subjects in a doctorate in neuroscience degree program are:
Additionally, many institutions include rotations as an element of their program. Essentially, rotations are similar to school-sponsored internships. Students go to a neuroscience-based firm or practice and gain on the job experience for course credit. In many cases, students could do several of these over the course of around a year.
As with many doctoral degree programs, neuroscience PhD programs frequently have specializations, and students could graduate with a wealth of relevant knowledge. Upon graduation, doctoral students frequently have a working knowledge of:
Using these areas of knowledge in combination, neuroscience student are able to perform well and have a better understanding regarding how different ailments affect the body holistically. Many of these subjects are taught as part of the degree program while other could be learned through hands-on experience.
With neuroscience doctorate degrees, graduates could pursue careers in a number of industries. The industries with the top pay include[i]:
Though the pay is great, the above industries dont have the highest concentration of neuroscience degree holders. That distinction belongs to the following[i]:
Additionally, the following sectors carry the highest levels of employment for neuroscience occupations[i]:
With a diverse job pool to choose from, graduates have a wealth of opportunities they could pursue after earning their doctorate.
As you choose your ideal Neuroscience PhDprogram and institution, browse through all relevant information regarding coursework and program length. Earning a PhD in this type of program allows you to pursue a career in the medical and research fields as well as a handful of others. Get prepared to pursue a great career in your desired field as you begin looking for a great program that fits your needs. Start your search for the perfect neuroscience PhD program on GradSchools.com!
Resources:[i] onetonline.org/link/details/29-1069.04
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Neuroscience PhD Programs | Doctorate in Neuroscience
The Neuroscience Program at Carthage encompasses issues such as the molecular and cellular basis of neuronal function, nervous system structure, neural correlates of behavior, and mechanisms of nervous system disorders.Scroll down to read descriptions of the neuroscience courses offered at Carthage, or click on the following links for additional resources.
Was it a shove? Or more of a brush or jostle. Or perhaps just a friendly slap on the arm, a casual guy-greeting.
In fact, shove was probably the most common word used to describe the fleeting, at best awkward interaction between Trump, the leader of the most powerful nation on Earth, and Dusko Markovic, the leader of Montenegro, a small Balkan nation of 600,000 attending its first summit as a NATO member after a nine-year accession process.
It occurred as NATO leaders strolled toward a group photo in Brussels.
According to the Merriam-Webster definition, shove is on target: to push along or to push or put in a rough, careless, or hasty manner.
Lets break it down.
A slow-motion viewing of the video indicates no words spoken by Trump as he approaches the group from behind. No Excuse me or Pardon me.
Trump reaches out his right arm, grabs Markovics right shoulder and pushes him aside. Markovic looks surprised. Trump doesnt acknowledge his existence as he moves past him. Its as if Markovic isnt there.
Markovic abruptly looks back at Trump but gets no eye contact from Trump in return.
Then he pats Trump on the back, or perhaps the arm, displaying a slight grin as Trump, at the front of the group, stands tall and adjusts his suit coat. Trump begins conversing with Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite as Markovic looks on from behind.
White House spokesman Sean Spicer later told reporters that spots for the family photo for which the leaders were preparing were predetermined, as is usually the case implying that Trump was not trying to get a better position, The Washington Post reported, but rather that he was heading for the position reserved for him.
But of course, where Trump was headed was not the issue. It was the way he got there.
Markovic, afterward, responded to questions by shrugging it off.
This was an inoffensive situation, Markovic said. I do not see it in any other way.
He said he had the opportunity Thursday to thank Trump personally for his support of Montenegros entry into NATO and of course the further development of our bilateral relations.
But, when journalists are differently commenting this scene, the prime minister said. I want to tell you that it is natural for the president of the United States to be in the first row.
Montenegrin news websites were brimming with articles describing how this minor exchange captured the attention of many major U.S. and European news outlets.
Some Montenegrin news outlets included headlines quoting author J.K. Rowling, who tweeted the video, saying You tiny, tiny, tiny little man along with a retweeted video depicting Trump as a small man.
Montenegrin radio station Antena M included a photo of Trump above the story with the words Days without being a national embarrassment: 0. (Thats the numeral zero.)
It seems Donald Trump did not want anyone overshadowing his presence at the summit, said the Montenegro newspaper Vijesti
Other Balkan websites ran headlines such as America First and Where do you think you are going?
As expected, the Trump shove captured the late-night shows.
The President Show on Comedy Central depicted an exaggerated scene, replacing the Montenegro prime minister with the secretary general of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg.
Excuse me, excuse me, get out of my way, the shows Trump says to the secretary general, pushing him aside as they walk into a press briefing. America first. America first.
Seth Meyers, host of Late Night With Seth Meyers, also riffed on the exchange, saying Look at this guy. Wow.
Youre a world leader at a meeting of dignitaries and you act like they just called your number at KFC, Meyers said.
Me, thats mine, the 12 piece, Meyers said, mimicking someone pushing and shoving others out of the way.
I want to tell you that it is natural for the president of the United States to be in the first row
Others on social media also viewed the shove as an attempt by Trump to revel in the spotlight and assert his America first mentality.
It did not go unmentioned that Trump brushed aside the leader of a country that last month defied Russia and pro-Russian opposition by ratifying its membership in NATO a historic turn toward the West.
The Balkan country is joining the alliance as its 29th member; Thursday was its first summit. Only 18 years ago, NATO aircraft were bombing targets in Montenegro then part of Serbia in a campaign that forced troops out of Kosovo, as the Guardians Alec Luhn reported. The bombing remains a painful memory for many Montenegrins, and polls have shown the population evenly divided on NATO membership.
Many hope NATO membership will end the tumultuous east-west struggle in Montenegrin politics, Luhn wrote.
With that tense history in mind, some on social media did not take Trumps gesture as the kindest welcome to the alliances new member.
Trump shoved Prime Minister of Montenegro at NATO meeting to please Putin, once again, said one Twitter user.
Others presumed Trump was simply moving to his assigned spot, and that the uproar over the shove or push was just another media dig at Trump.
As Dan Calabrese wrote in the Canada Free Press: Look, I understand theres a frenzy out there now to alert on anything and everything Trump does and to characterize it as insane, out-of-control, evil and whatever else. But if you see this and think you see a shove, I dont know what to tell you.
On the other hand, whatever it was, President Trumps treatment of Montenegros prime minister was a sharp contrast to say, the little curtsy he performed for King Salman bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia.
With files from Travis Andrews
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Anatomy of an American shove: Breaking down the moment Trump pushed past Montenegro's leader - National Post