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Center to advance tissue regeneration, stem cell discoveries – UIC News

The Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine will use a team-oriented, multidisciplinary approach, says Asrar Malik, head of pharmacology.

The College of Medicine launched a new center that focuses on understanding tissue regeneration and pioneering future developments in stem cell biology as a means to repair diseased organs and tissues.

The opening of the Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicinewas commemorated Monday with a symposium on stem cell and regenerative medicine.

The center will partner with colleges and departments across the University of Illinois System.

Researchers in the new center will investigate the molecular signals that drive stem cells to mature into different cell types, such as blood, heart and blood vessel cells. The center will also study the epigenetic regulation of stem cells; determine the best approaches to transplant engineered cells, tissues and organs; and look for ways to efficiently produce the regenerative cells needed for novel treatments.

The center will use a team-oriented, multidisciplinary approach that incorporates experts in biochemistry, biophysics, bioengineering and the clinical sciences to investigate stem cell biology and tissue regeneration, said Asrar Malik, the Schweppe Family Distinguished Professor and head of pharmacology, who is guiding the effort.

A search has begun to recruit a director and additional faculty members, he said.

The current program in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine includes seven faculty members, most within the department of pharmacology, who together have more than $10 million in research grants from the National Institutes of Health.

The intent in the next few years will be to carry out additional recruitments with other departments, to build from this interdisciplinary foundation and capitalize on our strengths, Malik said.

Three new faculty members in pharmacology have joined the center in the last two years. Owen Tamplin studies stem cells in zebrafish; Kostandin Pajcini investigates the role of stem cells in the development of leukemia; and Jae-Won Shin engineers stem cells and tissues with an eye toward transplantation.

As the only dedicated stem cell and regenerative medicine center in Chicago with a focus on basic biology and translational science, it will affirm UICs leadership role in these fields and help attract additional talent, Malik said.

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Center to advance tissue regeneration, stem cell discoveries - UIC News

Oley’s Rachel Stahl graduates with a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry – Boyertown Berk Montgomery Newspapers

Rachel Stahl of Oley was among approximately 250 students who received diplomas at Marietta Colleges 180th graduation ceremony on Sunday, May 7, in the Dyson Baudo Recreation Center. Stahl completed requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry.

Stahl is also a graduate of Oley Valley High School.

Robert Dyson 68, a businessman, philanthropist and racecar driver, delivered the commencement address to the Class of 2017.

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Oley's Rachel Stahl graduates with a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry - Boyertown Berk Montgomery Newspapers

High-Definition Immunology – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Once the libraries are sequenced, it is possible to pair the alpha and beta sequences from each individual cell. The 10x Genomics Cell Ranger bioinformatics pipeline assembles V(D)J short sequence reads into consensus alpha and beta chain annotated full-length paired V(D)J profiles.

The Cell Ranger pipeline filters the reads based on shared homology with germline V, D, J, constant segments and assembles the filtered reads within each barcode producing contigs, then annotates the contig sequences with the best germline V, D, J, constant, and UTR matches, detecting and translating the CDR3 sequence. It then groups cells into clonotypes, which share all productive CDR3 sequences, building a consensus for each chain in each clonotype.

To validate the Chromium Single Cell V(D)J Solution performance, the product was used to profile a variety of samples containing T cells. In one experiment, two samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same healthy individual were sequenced to confirm that the two independently run samples would exhibit similar behavior. Since the samples came from a healthy individual with no known challenges to the immune system, researchers expected to see high T-cell diversity and low antigen specificity.

Cell Ranger software grouped the T cells into clonotypes and calculated the percent that each clonotype was represented in the sample. In the first sample, 2,809 clonotypes were detected, and 2,949 were detected in the second sample. As expected, no clonotype made up >0.5% of either sample, demonstrating a very high diversity and low specificity in the sample.

To determine antigen specificity, an experiment was performed using T cells exposed to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in cell culture (Figure 3). The EBV-specific T cells captured and sequenced by the Chromium System were sorted into clonotypes. It was found that 55% of the sequenced T cells shared one major alpha and beta chain, TRAV12-3:J20 (CDR3: CATQGSNDYKLSF), TRBV9:D1:J1-4 (CDR3: CASSTGQVATNEKLFF); 9% shared a second, unrelated clonotype, TRAV5:J15, TRBV14:D2:J2-1; 4% had two related clonotypes that shared a common beta chain3% with TRAV5:J15, TRBV29-1:D1:J1-4 and 1% with TRAV5:J23, TRBV29-1:D1:J1-4.

After the antigen specificities and frequencies of each of the four most dominant clonotypes were determined, limit-of-detection (LOD) experiments were performed using 1:99 dilutions of the EBV-specific T cells mixed into replicate samples of PBMCs from a healthy donor (Figure 3).

In this experiment, one would expect the most dominant clonotype (55%) from the EBV-specific T cells to be observed at a frequency of 0.55% when spiked into the PBMC background. Consistent with these expectations, 16 cells (0.4%) and 7 cells (0.3%) were found to express the major EBV-specific clonotype (TRAV12-3:J20, TRBV9:D1:J1-4) in the first and second spike-in replicates, respectively.

Interestingly, the Chromium V(D)J Solution was able to detect two cells (0.05%) and one cell (0.05%), respectively, of the second most abundant EBV-specific clonotype, resulting in an LOD of <0.1%. This limit of detection is likely to be pushed even lower as future experiments using more input T cells and greater sequencing depths enable the detection of even more rare known clonotypes.

The V(D)J Solution supports diverse basic and translational research studies of applied immunology and will ultimately accelerate our understanding of human health and disease. Particularly exciting application areas that will be propelled by the V(D)J Solution include T cellbased immunotherapies and with the addition of a planned B-cell-specific VDJ solution, vaccine development.

The V(D)J Solution will do this by enabling the identification of the true paired diversity of antigen receptors on a single-cell basis and thereby more effectively enable functional studies into the molecular genetic determinants of antigen specificity.

When coupled with assessments of immune repertoire diversity across experimental contexts of normal healthy tissues, longitudinal or case/control studies, and shared immune responses to common exposure histories, the V(D)J Solution will elucidate the adaptive immune system with greater resolution than ever before

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High-Definition Immunology - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Noah’s Ark – The Potrero View

One of the most famous stories in the Bible occurs in Genesis, in a passage commonly known as Noahs Ark. In it, God, enraged over human behavior, decides to wipe out everything, in an extinction-by-flood event. Somehow, in the midst of the deitys hairy-eyed examination of all things wicked, Noah gets the Lords attention, and is requisitioned to build a vessel capable of safeguarding his family and propagating samples of each species. And, so on and so forth, until a rainbow appears to signal that this is one-time cleansing.

The story has deep layers, profoundly embedded in the psyches of most of the worlds population, if not as conveyed by Judaism, Christianity, or Islam, by other spiritual traditions that tell a similar tale. The accounts hold on the collective consciousness is no less powerful whether its factually true or an ancient version of fake news. The essential elements are whats important: humans willfully engage in destructive behavior, are thus destroyed, except a handful of righteous and morally untethered creatures, who plant the seeds for a new day. The rainbow is a kind of cherry on top, a sentimental teardrop from a God who isnt that bad after all.

Noahs Ark, the story and/or historical incident, is in the air these days. Weve created the conditions for catastrophic floods and mass species die-offs. Parts of the earth Niger; Sudan are becoming uninhabitable as a result of increasingly severe climate conditions, triggering mass migrates searching for a safe harbor. Meanwhile, Elon a name referring to oak trees in Hebrew; the Ark was made of wood! and other meritorious individuals are building space vessels to evacuate the planet when the time comes.

A thought stroll through the story further illuminates our current condition. While theres no indication that God issued a broad warning about the impending disaster, or that Noah conveyed the message to his neighbors, the Lords actions suggest that people were generally aware that their wicked ways could trigger harsh consequences, or at least a substantial time out. That is, the Deity was angry that creation was willfully doing things they knew to be wrong. These werent just folks ignorantly playing the fool, which might merit a sharp warning, like a localized flash flood, not the total destruction of the world. Past chronicles Adam and Eve and the like forewarned of paradise lost when God gets irritated.

What, exactly, constituted bad behavior was probably fiercely contested. One faction no doubt voraciously argued that it was the fault of the Gays, the abortionists, those creeping across boundaries without permission. Another group pointed to enslaving people, imposition of the death penalty, and bearing false witness. A third denounced those who worshiped the wrong, or too many, gods. And so on and so forth, until everyone stuck their fingers in their ears to block out the noise of those with whom they disagreed, and got back to whatever they were doing, evil or good.

Lets say an authority figure beyond reproach the council of elders; the chief water engineer intervened and stated, unequivocally, that the evil over which God was angry was something pretty much everybody did, like cooking food on open-flamed wood-fueled pits, and unless everyone stopped doing that it was curtains for sure. The announcement would unleash a flurry of fire-putting-out, a scramble for substitutes, and angry muttering that, first they take away our pointy sticks, now this? When the smoke settled, wealthy people would be sitting pretty with their souped-up, new, cookers, fueled by renewable whale blubber; the working class would be forced by decree to construct enclosed fireplaces with specialized exhaust screens, forgoing school fees to pay for the expense; and the poor would be left to eat raw millet, clandestinely cooking the same way they ever did, having no alternative, and, when caught, being ruinously fined for their troubles.

Under pressure, thered be a political backlash. The council of elders would be replaced, with younger people who have fuller lips; the chief engineer dismissed. While many would avoid returning to their wicked ways, fearing the consequences, others would dive back in, glancing at their neighbors to make sure they were doing the same. Some would even embrace the evil, yearning for Gods touch, however violent it might be.

And then, ba-bam, everyone is drowned.

The rainbow is akin to an abuser handing out a lollypop, his extended hand soaked in the blood of all those just slaughtered, the survivors just happy to be alive, so sweat-stained with relief that theyre ready to forgive and forget whatever nastiness may have occurred. While God announces that theyll be no future holocausts, there actually are many, with more to come. Perhaps the Lord found a loophole in the purported statement that never again will all creatures be eliminated. Hey, upwards of eight million Jews isnt all, nor is a few hundred thousand Syrians, and, anyways those are not my doing. Nothing to see, move along.

Its hard not to think that we humans have pushed the repeat button on this story. The details are different, sure, but the theme seems eerily familiar, even comforting. In Noahs Ark, the original, few of us identify with the wicked; were Noah, or his family, or perhaps one of the innocent creatures taken on board the vessel to the future. We, as defined by me, are not the drowned. We are the saved. Looking forward to our colorful sucker.

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Noah's Ark - The Potrero View

Bess Marcus to head Brown University’s School of Public Health – The Providence Journal

Marcus, a leading scholar in health behavior changes and the first senior associate dean for public health at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, will succeed the schools inaugural dean, Terrie Fox Wetle, who steps down Sept. 1.

PROVIDENCE A top public health official at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine has been named the next dean of the Brown University School of Public Health.

Bess Marcus, a leading scholar in health behavior changes and the first senior associate dean for public health at UCSD, will succeed the schools inaugural dean, Terrie Fox Wetle, who is stepping down Sept. 1.

Marcus will assume the post Nov. 1.

A clinical health psychologist and expert in health promotion, Marcus served as a professor of community health and psychiatry and human behavior at Brown before leaving for UCSD in 2011, the university said in a news release.

Marcus was chair of the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the UCSD School of Medicine for six years and the schools senior associate dean for public health where she founded and directed the UCSD Institute for Public Health for three years.

Brown University President Christina Paxson announced her appointment in a June 14 email to the Brown community.

Marcus first arrived at Brown as a postdoctoral scholar in 1988 after earning her masters degree and Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Auburn University. After five years as an assistant professor, she became an associate professor of psychiatry and human behavior in 1995 and then a full professor in 2000. In 2004, she became director of the Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine at Miriam Hospital, an affiliated hospital partner for Brown.

In 2007, Marcus joined the faculty of Browns Department of Community Health and remained on the faculty when the department became the School of Public Health in 2013.

larditi@providencejournal.com

(401) 277-7335

On Twitter: @LynnArditi

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Bess Marcus to head Brown University's School of Public Health - The Providence Journal

Genetics, data affect direction of ag research – Iowa Farmer Today

AMES, Iowa Data is key when it comes to research. And the world is getting to be very good at collecting and analyzing data.

Thats a big bucket research area, says Joe Colletti, senior associate dean in the College of Agriculture at Iowa State University and associate director of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station.

Colletti says that while research is being done in a variety of areas, a couple of types stand out today. One of those is the collection, standardization and use of data by and for farmers.

Another area of great advance is predictive genomics, which has been a hot issue for some time. Phenomics is a big thing in the plant and animal sciences research fields, Colletti says. Scientists are looking at genomes and phenotypes as a way of better predicting what the offspring of any genetic cross will look like, not only one generation down the road but many generations down the road. That type of assessment could help speed and fine tune research for crops and for livestock.

That fits into the work of the commodity organizations. Rod Williamson, director of research and development for the Iowa Corn Growers Association, says that his organization is looking at research in several basic areas.

The ICGA emphasis is on non-food industrial products. One example is bioplastics which are already being made using other biological products but which could be made using corn. Right now, he says, plastic water bottles are often made using sugar cane from South America.

The process includes a number of steps. If researchers can reduce the number of steps involved and can do so using corn, it could open up new markets. If corn captured just 3 percent of that market it could mean use for 100 million bushels of corn.

Williamson says other research supported by the corn growers includes work on higher blends of ethanol in fuel. On the production side, he says nitrogen efficiency by plants through better genetics is a priority. And he says the genomic efforts cited by Colletti are also a priority.

Other commodity organizations are also emphasizing research. Scott Nelson, director of the on-farm network for the Iowa Soybean Association, cites several research priorities.

He says crop inoculants are one area of interest. Another is better weed control, especially of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. Soybean cyst nematode remains a priority, as does corn rootworm. And variable rate technology and multiple-variety planting technology are also items he sees developing.

But one of the most exciting topics of discussion for many researchers is CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-guided genome editing tool that allows researchers to knock out genes or insert genes more easily into a cell line.

Colletti says the technology isnt aimed at adding genes from other plants or animals, but instead, works toward more exact advances in a crop or animals existing genes.

This is a technique that is being improved daily, hourly, he says. It is moving us in the right direction.

That more specific genetic work on the plant, combined with better data gathering and analysis due to improved computer technology, will lead plant genetic work forward at a faster pace than was possible in the past.

Nelson agrees, saying the technology will help companies to develop better plant varieties.

It could be revolutionary, he says.

Meanwhile, Colletti says soil is also getting more and more attention from researchers.

The work on cover crops and an increased emphasis on erosion control, water and soil quality will influence research. Scientists are starting to look at how cover crops and larger yields lead to changes in plant biomass. That in turn can influence planting and harvest conditions, as well as soil quality and weed and bug pressure.

It is now easier to gather mass amounts of data in the lab and in the field through unmanned aircraft systems imagery, aerial photography and analysis, as well as through other means. That massive increase in the volume, variety, velocity, voracity and value of data that can be gathered and the increased speed at which it can be analyzed will lead to more flexibility for farmers to make decisions quickly in the field.

This can lead to more just-in-time nutrient applications or weed and pest control, for example. It will lead to better crop genetics. And it will lead to more informed management decisions and achievement of private and public goals in the future, Colletti says.

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Genetics, data affect direction of ag research - Iowa Farmer Today

Second annual Jewish Genetics/DNA Conference – KOAT Albuquerque

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.

A special conference is being held this Sunday at the Jewish Community Center of Greater Albuquerque to help the public learn more about their health care options.

The conference is being held from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tickets will cost $25 and include lunch.

Speakers will talk about BRCA-related cancers, genetic conditions and DNA testing.

The JCC is located at 5520 Wyoming Blvd. NE.

Click here for more details.

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Second annual Jewish Genetics/DNA Conference - KOAT Albuquerque

Select Sires to acquire Accelerated Genetics – Farm and Dairy

(Story being updated)

SALEM, Ohio Two of the nations largest genetic companies for dairy and beef breeders have announced plans to merge.

The board of directors for Select Sires, based in Plain City, Ohio, and Accelerated Genetics, based in Baraboo Wisconsin, have both reached a unanimous decision to unite the two cooperatives.

According to the agreement, Select Sires will acquire the assets of Accelerated Genetics, joining employees and independent sales representatives.

The two entities have been working closely together since 2001, when a collaborative agreement made them both owners of World Wide Sires the international marketing arm for both companies in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Oceania.

Shirley Kaltenbach, director of communications for Select Sires, said both organizations have the same goals and both have the same cooperative business structure and business principals.

She said both entities will continue to operate under the same names until a long-term strategy is reached. Accelerated Genetics still needs the approval at its June 22 delegate meeting, but she said the outcome is looking positive.

Accelerated Genetics has about 250 employees and works with an additional 180 independent sales representatives, said Angie Lindloff, vice president of marketing and communications.

She said the merger provides more opportunity for both customers and employees.

Joining forces gives us huge opportunity for our genetic lineup, Lindloff said. It helps everybody and it will allow us to serve our customers better.

Lindloff expects the current Accelerated Genetics facilities will remain operational, including the bull facility and main office.

Kaltenbach said Select Sires will continue to be located in Plain City. She said the goal will be to retain as many employees from both organizations as possible, but positions will be evaluated.

This impending endeavor will create a well-rounded genetics program and solutions-based animal health care product line that will fit the needs of dairy and beef producers worldwide, according to the release.

Select Sires bills itself as North Americas largest artificial insemination organization and is comprised of nine farmer-owned and controlled cooperatives.

Accelerated Genetics is a producer-owned cooperative, with solutions focussed on genetics and value-added products, programs and services for dairy and beef customers worldwide.

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Select Sires to acquire Accelerated Genetics - Farm and Dairy

Cummings grants Tufts $100K to bolster genetics program – Wicked Local Medford

Tufts University will continue to teach local students about the possibilities of genetics work thanks to a $100,000 grant from Cummings Foundation.

Tufts University's popular Bioinformatics Inquiry through Sequencing (BioSeq) program will continue to teach local students about the possibilities of genetics work thanks to a $100,000 grant from Cummings Foundation.

BioSeq uses an interactive curriculum that emphasizes the value of genetics in personally relevant contexts, preparing students for research careers and enhancing understanding of how genetics work can shape and save lives.

The BioSeq program is part of Tufts and Cummings Foundation's legacy of support for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education opportunities for students in greater Boston.

Started with funding from the National Institutes of Health Science Education Partnership Award and now in its fifth year, BioSeq has reached over 1,000 students in Medford, Somerville and Malden schools.

Until recently, genetic sequencing was labor-intensive, slow and expensive. Thanks to next-generation sequencing, however, scientists are employing new tools to gather genetic data and to draw meaningful conclusions on how the data can push the boundaries of medical knowledge and bring the promise of personalized medicine closer to reality. Despite these tremendous advances, this technology is largely out of the reach of the high school audience.

Due to cost and curriculum restraints, students in low-income and diverse urban communities often have limited opportunities to interact with genetics science, though within their lifetimes, current high school students will have to understand how their genetics may influence the treatments they receive and the drugs they are prescribed. The BioSeq program works to expose students to the possibilities of genetic sequencing so they will be more comfortable and better informed as genomics plays an increasingly influential role in health and medicine.

BioSeq engages and challenges students in their high school classrooms by focusing on inquiry-based experiments that relate to them directly. This grant will enable the program to continue to support classroom experiments such as "The Microbiome Portrait Experiment" in which students analyze their own DNA as well as local students and classes with their genomic science fair projects and will provide scholarships for the BioSeq summer program, run by Tufts Summer Studies.

"We're very grateful for Cumming Foundation's generosity and its continued commitment to both Tufts University and the goal of enhancing STEM education for young students from our local communities. Because of Cummings Foundation's support, students will have opportunities to learn by asking and answering their own questions about genetics," said Matthew Fierman, Ph.D., BioSeq's program administrator.

Cummings Foundation, Inc., founded by Tufts alumnus and trustee emeritus Bill Cummings and his wife, Joyce Cummings, has awarded more than $170 million in grants to non-profit organizations serving a broad range of causes in greater Boston and around the world, including human services, education, health care, and social justice. Cummings Foundation is active internationally through aid to the post-genocide rebuilding of Rwanda and support of education to help prevent future genocides and other intercultural violence and injustice. The Cummings' philanthropy has had a significant impact on the Tufts community in particular, including a naming gift in support of Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University.

For more information about the BioSeq program, including sample classroom activities, please visit: http://ase.tufts.edu/chemistry/walt/sepa/index.html

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Cummings grants Tufts $100K to bolster genetics program - Wicked Local Medford

RNA errors linked to ALS and dementia – Harvard Gazette

Fixing glitches in the assembly of RNA may hold the key to treating ALS and frontal lobe dementia, according to a Harvard Medical School(HMS) study published this week in Cell Reports.

Researchers found that a genetic mutation often linked to those diseases creates a toxic protein that disrupts the editing, or splicing, of RNA, the molecular messengers that turn genes into functional proteins.

What we are finding is that disruptions in RNA splicing appear to be a common thread linking these motor neuron disorders, said senior study author Robin Reed, professor of cell biology at HMS.Much more research is needed, but if we could correct splicing errors with so-called splicing modulator compounds, we could prevent disruptions which may have efficacy for the treatment of ALS and FTD.

In the HMS study, toxic peptides produced by mutation of gene C9ORF72dislocated part of the spliceosome, the molecular machine responsible for RNA assembly, driving it to the cytoplasm of the cell instead of the nucleus, where it should be located. Exactly how these peptides cause toxicity was previously unclear but studies have shown that they significantly increase splicing failures.

Since splicing is upstream of so many critical cellular functions, Reed said, a better understanding of this mechanism could illuminate new approaches to help patients with these diseases, which currently have no effective treatments.

The C9ORF72 mutation accounts for around 25 percent of cases of frontotemporal dementia and 30-40 percent of inherited forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Roughly one in five patients with ALS also develops FTD.

The mutation causes the abnormal duplication of a segment of DNA that is processed by cells into messenger RNA. These extraneous copies of RNA messengers code for proteins, two of which GR and PR have been found to be toxic in human, yeast, and fruit fly cells.

Reed and her colleagues found that these toxic peptides associate with a component of the spliceosome known as U2 snRNP.

It was striking how these peptides are so specific to U2 snRNP. No other cellular processes appeared to be affected, whereas splicing was completely blocked, Reed said. When these peptides are expressed at high levels, they are completely toxic to the cell, but if they are produced at a low enough level, they can inhibit the splicing of genes that are U2-dependent, which may have some role in the development of disease.

Co-authors on the study include Shanye Yin, Rodrigo Lopez-Gonzalez, Ryan C. Kunz, Jaya Gangopadhyay, Carl Borufka, Steven P. Gygi and Fen-Biao Gao.

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants GM043375, NS057553 and NS079725), an ALS Therapy Alliance Grant and the ALS Association.

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RNA errors linked to ALS and dementia - Harvard Gazette