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Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry – omicsonline.org

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Journal of Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry is an academic journal providing an opportunity to researchers and scientist to explore the advanced and latest research developments in the field of Biochemistry. Journal of Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry is of highest standards in terms of quality and concentrates on the biological chemistry that are prevalent in unique chemical processes. This Journal covers all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine that are engaged in biochemical research. Biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life.

Journal of Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry is a scholarly Open Access journal and aims to publish the most complete and reliable source of information on the advanced and very latest research topics.

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry is a peer reviewed scientific journal known for rapid dissemination of high-quality research. This Biochemistry Journal with high impact factor offers an open access platform to the authors in academia and industry to publish their novel research. It serves the International Scientific Community with its standard research publications.

The journal is using Editorial Manager System for quality in review process. Editorial Manager is an online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems. Review process is performed by the editorial board members of Journal of Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry or outside experts; at least two independent reviewers approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript. Authors may submit manuscripts and track their progress through the system, hopefully to publication. Reviewers can download manuscripts and submit their opinions to the editor. Editors can manage the whole submission/review/revise/publish process.

Biochemistry is for everyone. It is the central science to both fish biology and fish processing. Fishery biochemistry is considered a branch under veterinary biochemistry providing Proper knowledge on the biochemical composition of fish finds application in several The Biochemistry of Fish - Annual Reviews,The Journal of Fish Biology - fsbi.org.uk, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,areas. Fish is an easily perishable commodity and deterioration in quality is due to the changes taking place to the various constituents likeproteins, lipids etc.

Related journals toFishery biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Poultry, Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences,Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal,Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production,Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, The Biochemistry of Fish - Annual Reviews, The Journal of Fish Biology , Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, Aquaculture Journals.

Preparative biochemistry deals with all aspects of preparative techniques in biochemistry, including synthetic methods, production or manufacturing, separation,isolation, and purification of materials of biochemical at the laboratory, pilot, and production scale levels.

Related Journals ofPreparative Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism,Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics,Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access,Preparative biochemistry, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Prep Biochem Biotechnol), Journal of Chromatography A, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology: Genomics and Proteomics.

Soil Biochemistry is the branch of soil science which ceals with formation and decomposition of soil organic matter, biochemical reactions of Carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, Phosphorous, metals andxenobioticsin soils, and biochemistry of the plant-root rhizosphere. Soil Biochemical reactions mainly concern on the organic fraction, though it is made up of 55 of total soil volume.

Related Journals of Soil Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology,Journal of Pollution Effects & Control,Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology,Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Biology and Fertility of Soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry - SciRev, Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, Journal of soil science and plant nutrition.

Biochemistry of the blood gives us an indication of what is happening with in the body. When different tissues are damaged the damaged cells release specific enzymes which our equipment detects as abnormal levels. This then helps localise the problem. Also if certain organs are not eliminating certain waste products this can tell us they are not functioning properly.

Related Journals ofBlood Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Leukemia,Journal of Bone Marrow Research,Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion,Blood Journal, The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal, Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion, Journal of Blood Medicine, Open Journal of Blood Diseases, Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.

The Food Biochemistry gathering plans to enhance understanding of detailed composition of foods, especially food components that have beneficial effects on human health.The Food Biochemistry include utilization of modern chemical and biochemical analytical methods offoodcomponents and their reactions, model systems to study their reactions and efficient statistical tools for data analysis to get the maximum informative value.

Related Journals of Food Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology,Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research,Journal of Food & Nutritional Disorders,Natural Products Chemistry & Research,Journal of Food Biochemistry, Food Chemistry, Food Science And Technology, Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Carbohydrates are carbon compounds that contain large quantities of hydroxyl groups. Carbohydrates also can combine with lipid to form glycolipids or with protein to form glycoproteins. Carbohydrates are made up of a 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CH2O)n. carbohydrates are for structural purposes, such ascellulose(which composes plants' cell walls) and chitin (a major component of insect exoskeletons).

Related Journals ofCarbohydrates Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research,Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology,Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access,Carbohydrate Research, Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, International Journal of Carbohydrate Research, Chemistry of the Carbohydrates - Annual Reviews, Carbohydrate Research Journal.

Proteins are composed of a linear polymer of amino acids. Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group (NH3), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain (usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional way.

Related Journals of Protein Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Glycobiology,Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology,Fermentation Technology,Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism,Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques,The Protein Journal, Protein & Cell - a Springer Open journal, Current Advances in Protein Biochemistry, International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

Pesticide Biochemistry deals with the mode of action of plant protection agents such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and similar compounds, including nonlethal pest control agents, biosynthesis of pheromones, hormones, and plant resistance agents. It mainly emphasizes on Biochemistry and Physiology of Comparative toxicity, Mode of action,Pathophysiology, Plant growth regulators, Resistance, Other effects of pesticides on both parasites and hosts.

Related Journals ofPesticides Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology,Journal of Food Processing & Technology,Journal of Food & Nutritional Disorders,Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology - Journal - Elsevier, Biochemistry Journals, Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology - SciRev, Pesticide Research Journal, Journal of Pesticide Sciences. Journal of Pest Science.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Biochemistry is the study of the molecular nature of living organisms leading to an understanding of the biochemical control of life processes. It mainly focuses on the rapid changes in cytoskeletal proteins, protein kinases, membrane lipids, and small ions that accompany extracellular signals. This includes a wide range of topics from the structure and function of single molecules to the integrated molecular control of entire cells and organisms.

Related Journals ofCellular and molecular Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Clinical & Medical Biochemistry: Open Access,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access,Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine,Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Sub-Cellular Biochemistry.

The membranes form the barriers that separate the inside from the outside of living cells and that define organelles within cells. It focuses simplified self-assembled model membranes of lipids and proteins to membranes of living cells, and by using different complementary approaches, including molecular biology, chemical synthesis, analytical tools and advanced biophysical methods.

Related Journals ofMembrane Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology,Clinical & Medical Biochemistry: Open Access,Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine,Molecular Membrane Biology, Membranes And Separation Technology - Journals, Membrane biochemistry Journal, Journal of Biochemical Technology, Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research.

Abiomoleculeis any molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. There are thousands of different types of molecules in a cell. A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including Small molecules Monomers, oligomers and polymers.

Related Journals of Biomolecules

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,Oceanography: Open Access,Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research,Natural Products Chemistry & Research,Biomolecules and Therapeutics, International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Journal, Theoretical Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics.

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Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry - omicsonline.org

Grey’s Anatomy Recap: #Japril Goes to Montana – Vulture

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Grey's Anatomy Recap: #Japril Goes to Montana - Vulture

Anatomy

The upper extremity is a term used to define the upper limb. This includes the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist and hand. The hand is a very complex part of the body, and all of the parts of the upper extremity are essential to functioning hands.

Within the upper extremity, there are bones, joints, muscles, nerves, vessels and tendons that tie all of the parts together.Learn more about the anatomy of the upper extremity using the links in this section.

You can also visit our photo gallery of anatomy photos.

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Anatomy

Anatomy – Tips and Advice for Studying

What Is Anatomy?

Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms. This subdiscipline of biology can be further categorized into the study of large scale anatomical structures (gross anatomy) and the study of microscopic anatomical structures (microscopic anatomy). Human anatomy deals with anatomical structures of the human body, including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Anatomy is always linked to physiology, the study of how biological processes function in living organisms.

Therefore it is not enough to be able to identify a structure, its function must also be understood.

The study of human anatomy gives us a better understanding of the structures of the body and how they work. When taking a basic anatomy course, your goal should be to learn and understand the structures and functions of the major body systems. It is important to remember that organ systems don't just exist as individual units. Each system depends on the others, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. It is also important to be able to identify the major cells, tissues, and organs being studied and to know how they function.

Studying anatomy involves lots of memorization. For instance, the human body contains 206 bones and over 600 muscles. Learning these structures requires time, effort, and good memorization skills. The following tips will help make learning and memorizing body structures easier.

The most important thing to understand when studying anatomy is the terminology. Using standard anatomical terminology ensures that anatomists have a common method of communicating to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Knowing anatomical directional terms and body planes for instance, enables you to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. Learning the common prefixes and suffixes used in anatomy and biology is also helpful. For example, if you are studying the brachiocephalic artery, you can figure out its function by knowing the affixes in the name. The affix brachio- refers to the upper arm and cephal refers to the head. If you have memorized that an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, you can determine that the brachiocephalic artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the head and arm regions of the body.

Study aids are very useful when studying anatomy. Believe it or not, anatomy coloring books are one of the best ways to learn and memorize structures and their location. The Anatomy Coloring Book is a popular choice, but other coloring books work as well. Anatomy flash cards, like Netter's Anatomy Flash Cards and Mosby's Anatomy & Physiology Study and Review Cards are recommended as well. Flash cards are valuable for reviewing information and are not meant to be a substitute for anatomy texts. Acquiring a good complementary text, such as Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, is a must for higher level anatomy courses and those interested in or already attending medical school. These resources provide detailed illustrations and pictures of various anatomical structures.

I can't state it enough, to really make sure you comprehend the material, you must constantly review what you have learned. It is vital that you attend any and all anatomy review sessions given by your instructor. Be sure to always take practice quizzes before taking any test or quiz. Get together with a study group and quiz each other on the material. If you are taking an anatomy course with a lab, be sure that you prepare for what you are going to be studying before lab class. The main thing you want to avoid is falling behind. With the volume of information that is covered in most anatomy courses, it is important that you stay ahead and know what you need to know, before you need to know it.

Organisms are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Cells compose tissues of the body, which can be categorized into four primary types. These tissue types are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Tissues in turn form organs of the body. Examples of body organs include the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, and thyroid. Organ systems are formed from groups of organs and tissues working in conjunction to perform necessary functions for the survival of the organism. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system, nervous system, lymphatic system, skeletal system, and reproductive system.

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Anatomy - Tips and Advice for Studying

Immunology synergy drives Heat Bio’s acquisition play – WRAL Tech Wire

Posted Mar. 13, 2017 at 6:20 a.m.

Published: 2017-03-13 06:20:00 Updated: 2017-03-13 06:20:00

By ALLAN MAURER, NCBiotech Writer

Durham, N.C. Sometimes the Valley of Death can yawn wide and deep for pre-revenue life science companies, especially those trying to get a pharmaceutical to market.

And sometimes that requires some creative juggling to do expensive things with limited funds. Durham-based Heat Biologicsis a case in point.

When Heat licensed the immune system stimulating technology behind its ImPACT and ComPACT platforms from the University of Miami, it also licensed the tech behind Pelican Therapeutics Inc.

But we couldnt afford to develop both, so we spun off Pelican and funded that company independently, said Heat CEO Jeff Wolf in an exclusive interview with the North Carolina Biotechnology Center.

Early in March 2017, Heat acquired an 80 percent controlling interest in Pelican. The company said combining its technology with Pelicans and possibly other immunotherapies provides a synergistic treatment expected to be more effective than those used alone.

Pelicans T cell co-stimulator PTX-25 has the potential to boost the durability of T cell response when used with Heats other technologies, for instance.

Not only our technology, but any immunotherapy works best with other synergistic immunotherapies, Wolf said. Thats why we re-acquired Pelican. So its not going to be one treatment, but multiple ones. Were developing a portfolio of therapies that combine for a more lasting and sustained benefit against cancer.

Pelican funding from Texas cancer institute to help fund clinicals

Austin-based Pelicans funding includes a $15.2 million New Company Product Development Award from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas(CPRIT). The highly competitive CPRIT awards include rigorous vetting of a winning firms technology.

That should enable the company to advance multiple products through preclinical development and at least one program through a 70-patient Phase 1 clinical trial, Heat said.

NCBiotech provided early support

After Heat was founded in 2008, the North Carolina Biotechnology Center helped recruit the company to the state and provided Heat its first outside funding, a $225,000 Strategic Growth Loan. That opened doors to more investment opportunity for Wolf. Heat was able to repay the loan well ahead of schedule as other investment support came in. NCBiotech also supported the company with its first offices in North Carolina, plus an internship and early business connectivity.

The connections between Heat, Pelican, and Shattuck Labs, a firm developing technology licensed from Heat, include the chair of Heats scientific and clinical advisory board, Taylor Schreiber, M.D., Ph.D. Schreiber, formerly Heats chief scientific officer, now holds that position at Shattuck. And he is also chair of Pelicans scientific advisory board.

Schreiber an originator of Heat technology with Miami's Eckhard Podack

Schreiber, co-inventor of significant elements of Heats ImPACT andComPACT immunotherapy platforms, worked with the original inventor of Heats technologies, Eckhard Podack, M.D., Ph.D, at the University of Miamis immunology department, a leader in the field. We hired him (Schreiber) directly from the university, said Wolf. He knows the technologies well.

Wolf said that while Heat (Nasdq:HTBX) saw disappointing results from its Phase 2 bladder vaccine trials in November 2016, which slammed its stock price and led to a 22 percent staff reduction, the company is continuing to monitor patients for two years. He added that the trial did show an increase in patient T cells and in their activity at the cancer site.

He also said Heats small-cell lung cancer trials are generating positive results so far. Were looking at making an announcement and more results later this year.

Wolf said Heat believes its ImPACT and ComPACT technologies are platforms that can be applied to many forms of cancer and possibly infectious diseases.

In late 2016 Heat formed the wholly owned subsidiary Zolovax in Durham to apply its technology against infectious diseases, including the Zika virus.

The Zika program emerged from the same laboratory that originally developed Heats current platform technologies, and will be developed at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

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Video Game Study Suggests Humans Get More Peaceful As The World Ends – IFLScience (blog)

Worried that all the volcanoes in the world will be set off by some nefarious supervillain? Concerned that we might be nearing a time of nuclear apocalypse? Well, if you are fretting to the extreme, then a brand new study currently sitting on the pre-print server arXiv has some additional information for you specifically, how would everyone react knowing its coming?

This, as you can imagine, is not an easy psychological phenomenon to study. Scientists cant really get ethical permission to fund a study where they convince a few human subjects that the planet is about to be destroyed.

Instead, theyve turned to ArcheAge, a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) thathas an open world, no concrete objectives, and a ludicrous degree of choice. Build an empire, raise an army, have your own private rave, become a trader, assassinate a few people, infiltrate an alliance as a spy, or create your own house, that sort of thing.

Given this much freedom, you would think that the countdown to nothingness would encourage dangerous hedonism and extreme violence but in fact, the players actually became more peaceful.

Lead by the University at Buffalo, the team created a server on the game that allowed any number of players to join and play the game as usual, but with two caveats. The first is that the players were aware that their data would be deleted after around 11 weeks. Secondly, all their actions in the game would be monitored by the researchers.

We believe that the end of the [game] is a relatively good approximation of an end times scenario, and thus the present work is not only useful for the understanding of players behavior but can also begin to shed light on human behavior in general under such conditions, the authors write in their study.

ArcheAge's launch trailer. GameSpot via YouTube

Normally, theres a strong degree of competition in MMORPGs to level-up individual characters more significantly and become more powerful than other players. Although cooperation features, there is generally a focus on self-improvement.

Knowing that the virtual world was going to end, however, appeared to have a huge effect on players behaviors. Players left quests uncompleted, and although leveling up did occur, far less seemed to focus on it so aggressively. Generally speaking, they banded together a lot more.

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Video Game Study Suggests Humans Get More Peaceful As The World Ends - IFLScience (blog)

UAB launching statewide genetics initiative to improve health for Alabama residents – Alabama NewsCenter

The project, funded by a $2 million appropriation from the Alabama Legislature to UAB, supports one of the nations first statewide efforts to harness the power of genomic analysis to help identify those at high risk for a genetic disease, and provide a basis for continuing research into genetic contributors to health and disease.

This initiative could be transformative for the state of Alabama, said Selwyn M. Vickers, M.D., UABs senior vice president for medicine and dean of the UAB School of Medicine. We will use the knowledge gained from the AGHI to begin to uncover more undiagnosed diseases, and will potentially rewrite our understanding of the burden of disease on our population. This project can have tremendous impact on the residents of Alabama and stimulate economic development in the state.

The AGHI will recruit a diverse group of participants from every county in Alabama and provide genomic analysis and interpretation to this group free of charge. For some, the results will indicate an increased risk of a disease for which preventive or treatment strategies exist. Those participants will receive genetic counseling and be linked to appropriate medical care. The initiative will also feature a public education campaign about genomic medicine and create a DNA biobank for research.

Immediate benefits for some

In the first year, the initiative plans to recruit 2,000 individuals who will each provide a DNA sample from a simple blood draw. Over a five-year period, the goal will be to increase the database to include genetic information from more than 10,000 people.

Since the Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, weve learned a tremendous amount about the roles of genes in disease, said Bruce R. Korf, M.D., Ph.D., chair of the UAB Department of Genetics and co-director of the AGHI. This project will result in immediate health benefits to some participants, and in the long term will help to address problems of chronic disease and rising health care costs in the state. It will also position Alabama as a leader at the forefront of 21st-century medicine.

The AGHI will engage citizens throughout the state and their health providers in the use of genomic information to guide medical care.

This initiative advances the tremendous work already being done in genomics at HudsonAlpha and at UAB, said Richard M. Myers, Ph.D., president and science director of HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. Genomics is dependent on several factors, data being one of them. Undoubtedly, individuals will benefit from the AGHI; additionally, the initiative could lead to identification of new genetic diseases and new treatments for those conditions that will benefit Alabamians and the rest of the world. Through the AGHI, we can help make our citizens healthier, and demonstrate the value and power of genomic medicine in creating a new paradigm for health care. HudsonAlpha is proud to partner with UAB for this groundbreaking initiative.

Korf anticipates that those who choose to participate will fall into one of two major categories. Most will be generally healthy, or will be receiving medical care for one or more conditions not recognized to have a genetic cause. The other group will be those with a recognized genetic issue, the origin of which is undetermined. Both groups will provide blood samples that will undergo genomic analysis at HudsonAlpha in Huntsville.

59 genes

The blood samples from the larger group those not known to be affected by a genetic condition will undergo a genotyping array test, assessing some 650,000 identified genomic biomarkers. The genotyping test will look for the presence of variants in 59 specific genes, referred to as actionable genes by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. An ACMG committee, of which Korf is a member, compiled the list in 2013 after an exhaustive search of medical literature. The 59 genes are those that are known to contribute to disease and for which the potential for prevention or treatment exists.

Perhaps the best-known genes on the list of 59 are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are associated with a genetic risk of breast and ovarian cancer, Korf said. Other genes on the list are known to contribute to the risk of other types of cancers, as well as some cardiac diseases and other conditions.

Participants who test positive for one of the 59 genes on the ACMG list will, along with their primary medical provider, receive that information coupled with genetic counseling to provide interpretation of the results. Referral to appropriate prevention strategies or treatment will be provided through the primary care physician or a specialized provider.

Individuals receiving a report that they have one of the 59 actionable genes will, with help from medical professionals, be able to develop a treatment plan going forward, Myers said. Potential interventions include increased surveillance, surgery or medications to reduce the risk.

Korf estimates 1 to 3 percent of those who undergo testing will show a positive result for one of the 59 actionable genes. The list is continuously being reviewed, and it is likely that, as it evolves, those changes will be incorporated into the AGHI. In addition, a committee within AGHI may decide to add genes to the list for return of results to AGHI participants based on medical priorities important in Alabama.

The number of individuals likely to get a positive report will be small; but the results will be life-changing, possibly lifesaving, for those persons, Korf said. And there is a multiplying effect. If one person discovers they have a genetic risk for a disease of which they were unaware, that potential risk can then be relayed to others in the family, so that they may also take appropriate action.

Participants with a genetic condition of undetermined origin will receive a more extensive evaluation, known as whole genome sequencing, conducted at HudsonAlpha. Analysis and interpretation of those results will also be communicated to the patient/parents and his or her primary medical provider, and participants will be linked to appropriate medical care, potentially including the UAB Undiagnosed Diseases Program or the Smith Family Clinic for Genomic Medicine on the HudsonAlpha campus.

Both HudsonAlpha and UAB have extensive genomics experience in both the research and clinical arenas, said Greg Cooper, Ph.D., faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha and co-leader of the sequencing workgroup for the AGHI. What we know already about the human genome will immediately benefit participants, and what we learn throughout the duration of the initiative will help transform the landscape, not only for participants, but for their families in the short term and all of society long term.

Spring recruiting

Subjects will be recruited beginning this spring at UAB, followed by recruitment efforts at Cooper Green in Birmingham, as well as at UAB clinical operations in Huntsville, Montgomery and Selma, and eventually other sites in Alabama. The blood samples and extracted DNA collected from all participants will be retained in a biobank for future research purposes.

Our goal is to develop a representative cross sample of Alabama residents, broadly representative of ethnic, racial and socioeconomic groups throughout the state, said Matthew Might, Ph.D., director of the UAB Hugh Kaul Personalized Medicine Institute and co-director of the AGHI.

Might, newly recruited to UAB, was appointed by former President Barack Obama to serve as a strategic adviser to the White House Precision Medicine Initiative in 2015. He has a personal interest in the power of genomic medicine, as his son was diagnosed in 2012 as the first case of NGLY1 deficiency, an ultra-rare genetic disorder. Might said the combined resources of the UAB-HudsonAlpha Center for Genomic Medicine, UAB Informatics Institute and the Personalized Medicine Institute will drive groundbreaking research based on the genomic information garnered by the AGHI.

Such a database will be an unparalleled tool for understanding the health risks across different demographics in the state, Might said. It will give researchers working on finding cures to conditions ranging from diabetes to heart disease to epilepsy the knowledge to identify genetic factors that predispose individuals to rare or common disorders, with the hope of developing new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Ethical, legal and social issues will also be addressed by the AGHI, which has formed a bioethics working group to ensure the initiative conforms to the highest ethical principles. Bioethicists, two from HudsonAlpha, one from Tuskegee University and one from UAB, will review all plans and procedures to ensure that appropriate safeguards and protections are in place and guide the initiative on matters such as privacy, security and informed consent. The AGHI will establish an ethics review panel to investigate and respond to potential issues.

The team

The AGHI will have a steering committee to provide oversight on procedures and policies. Edward Partridge, M.D., the director of the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, will lead that committee along with Rick Myers, Ph.D., president and science director at HudsonAlpha, and three leaders in the UAB School of Medicine: Etty Benveniste, Ph.D., senior associate dean for Research Administration andDevelopment; Robert Kimberly, M.D., senior associate dean for Clinical and Translational Research; and Toni Leeth, MPH, associate dean for Strategic Planning and Administration.

Greg Barsh, M.D., Ph.D., HudsonAlpha faculty investigator and faculty chair, isa co-director along with Korf and Might.

The AGHI consists of four working groups. The genomics working group is led by Greg Cooper, Ph.D., a faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha, and Anna Hurst, M.D., assistant professor, UAB Department of Genetics. The recruitment working group is led by Mona Fouad, M.D., UAB senior associate dean for Diversity and Inclusion; and William Curry, M.D., UAB associate dean for Rural Health and Primary Care.

The bioethics working group is led by Mariko Nakano, Ph.D., assistant professor, UAB Department of Medical Education; Kim Strong, Ph.D., faculty investigator and director of the ethics and genomics program, HudsonAlpha; Tom May, Ph.D., research faculty investigator, HudsonAlpha; and Stephen Sodeke, Ph.D., bioethicist and professor of allied health, National Center for Bioethics in Research and Healthcare, Tuskegee University. The data and bio banking working group is headed by Jim Cimino, M.D., director of the UAB Informatics Institute; and Jeff Edberg, Ph.D., professor in the UAB Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.

This story originally appeared on the UAB News website.

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Seitec Genetics honored as innovative business – Fremont Tribune

In an industry dominated by large corporations, local seed company Seitec Genetics has found a way to stand out.

The company, started in 2007, has used several innovative techniques to offer a wide variety of quality corn and soybean seed to farmers in Nebraska and eight other states.

In recognition of the local companys innovation within the industry the Fremont Area Chamber of Commerce has named Seitec as Innovator of the Year.

Obviously we dont do what we do every day thinking about awards or anything like that but it is sure nice to be recognized and know that people are noticing the hard work and what we have been able to accomplish, President Dennis Bracht said.

The company will be honored at the Excellence in Agriculture Awards Luncheon on Tuesday at Fremont Golf Club. The event is scheduled from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.

We have a couple things that we do differently than most seed companies; we pay special attention to quality and actually have higher testing standards than other companies in the industry, Bracht said.

One innovation was implementing the LEAP testing program, which stands for Local Environment Advancement Plots, and allows the company to determine how a variety of seeds will perform in a specific of environment.

We test a broad array of genetics across a lot of different environments and pay special attention to moving forward with products that have local area advancement, Bracht said.

Basically, Seitec is able to plant a variety of seeds with different traits, such as herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, on a variety of plot fields to determine which seed will grow best in that specific environment.

The company uses that data to see which seeds produced the highest yields in a specific environment, and then sells the highest producing seeds to farmers whose fields closely match the test plots.

Our unique process of evaluating products by environment leads to hybrids and varieties that are more highly adapted, more reliable, and higher yielding than traditional product selection, Bracht said.

With help from a specially designed planter, Seitec is able to plant 66 varieties of seed on a single test plot to determine which variety will grow best in that specific environment.

When we are testing we have 60 locations that we are hauling our planter and tractor around to, and that gives us an idea of which traits and genetics will work best over a variety of field conditions, Bracht said.

Along with using testing methods that go beyond industry standards, the independent company can offer a wider variety of seed traits and genetics than most seed dealers.

Some of these other brands they have parent companies like a Monsanto or Syngenta and they have certain traits that they spent a lot of money to develop. We are able to license from all of those companies and really be able to test them all head to head and what it really does is open up the genetics, Bracht said.

Many seed brands are confined to the traits their parent company offers which in turn limits the genetics to which they have access.

Unlike most seed dealers in the area, Seitec has been able to keep most of their operation local, or at least confined within the state. The company conditions their seeds at Blair Seed Services and grows most of their seed in Nebraska.

Blair Seed Services is one of the most modern and seed safe plants in the nation and we grow most of our seed under irrigation right here in Nebraska, Bracht said.

Most of Seitecs seed is grown in areas surrounding North Bend, Geneva and Wood River.

According to Brasch, the Fremont area has provided an ideal place for the business to grow and flourish.

We are a nice sized town and we are right on the edge of where all the actual agriculture is happening so we can remain connected to farmers and still be able to draw resources from surrounding cities, he said.

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Seitec Genetics honored as innovative business - Fremont Tribune

Select Genetics Plans Hatchery In Terre Haute, Indiana – Area Development Online

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The company, which was recently established through the merger of Valley of the Moon Commercial Poults (VOMCP) and Willmar Poultry/Ag Forte, will invest $22 million to establish and equip a new 83,000-square-foot facility in Terre Haute. The hatchery will produce turkey poults for commercial use.

Select Genetics, which is headquartered in Willmar, Minnesota, plans to break ground on the new facility in April and begin production in the spring of 2018. The company will now have nine turkey facilities in the U.S.

Select Genetics is proud to bring a state-of-the-art turkey hatchery to Vigo County. We value the relationship with and among the community, the Indiana State Department of Agriculture and the Indiana Economic Development Corporation and their ability to appreciate the value of this project for both job creation and the larger poultry industry in Indiana, said J. Douglas, CEO of Select Genetics.

Our company is committed to investing in research and development and to promoting the highest standards of animal welfare. These commitments plus a great business environment in Indiana will allow Select Genetics to remain the premier supplier of turkey poults worldwide, he added.

As an incentive, Indiana Economic Development Corporation (IEDC) offered Select Genetics up to $400,000 in conditional tax credits and up to $150,000 in training grants based on the companys job creation plans. These incentives are performance-based, meaning until Hoosiers are hired the company is not eligible to claim incentives. Vigo County will consider additional incentives at the request of the Terre Haute Economic Development Corporation.

"Having a hatchery in Indiana will complement our states production facilities while creating jobs and adding value to our products," said Ted McKinney, Director of the Indiana State Department of Agriculture (ISDA). "We are fortunate to have Select Genetics, a world leader in poultry breeding, bringing their state-of-the-art genetics and capabilities to the Hoosier state."

The new operations will add to Indianas strong agribusiness sector, which raised more than 19.3 million turkeys in 2015, ranking No. 4 in the U.S.

In todays rapidly changing global marketplace, agriculture will continue to be a foundational sector of Indianas diverse economy, Governor Eric J. Holcomb said. Its exciting to see companies like Select Genetics that are using technology to grow their agriculture operations right here in Indiana. Todays news is a win-win for both the Select Genetics team and for our state, and I look forward to witnessing their continued success.

Select Genetics employs more than 1,400 people across the U.S. With the addition of its first Indiana operation, the company plans to begin hiring in January of next year. Interested applicants will be able to apply online in the near future.

"We are thrilled that Select Genetics has selected the Vigo County Industrial Park as the site for its proposed new facility," said Judith Anderson, President of the Vigo County Commissioners. "We are looking forward to assisting company officials in the coming months during the design and construction phases of this exciting project."

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How to Free Personal Genetics – Pacific Standard

Consumer genetic tests like 23andMe arent medical devices, and the FDA shouldnt regulate them like blood-sugar meters or pregnancy tests.

By Michael White

What if the Food and Drug Administration decided to regulate your Fitbit? Imagine if the agency declared that dozens of popular consumer devicesFitbits, Jawbones, Garmins, Misfits, and the likemet the regulatory definition of a medical device, and couldnt be sold until the FDA certified that they reached the standards required of clinical-grade technology. While its true that fitness-tracker data is not always especially accurate, we dont need the devices to meet the clinical standards required of a diabetics blood-sugar meter or a pacemaker. Even if the numbers arent perfect, many of us find the data usefuland even funfor learning more about ourselves and our health habits. We dont need the FDA to protect us from that.

Thankfully, the FDA hasnt classified fitness trackers as medical devices. But the agency has over-regulated a different health technology: direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests. Like fitness trackers, DTC genetic tests, such as those sold by 23andMe, offer us non-clinical-grade data about ourselves, data that satisfies our curiosity and can inform our lifestyle choices. Also like fitness trackers, DTC tests pose little risk of harm, and thus should not be regulated at the stifling standard of medical device. Instead, they should be handled like other low-risk consumer health products: Regulators ought to keep DTC testing companies honest in their claims, but also recognize that genetic information is interesting and useful to many people, even if it isnt rigorous enough for a medical diagnosis.

Modern DTC genetic tests became widely available in 2007, thanks to advances in low-cost DNA analysis technology. Taking a DTC test is simple: You order a sample-collection kit from the company, spit in a tube or swab your cheek, and mail it back. A month or two later, you read an analysis of your DNA online, which, depending on the test you take, might include information about your ancestry and your possible genetic predispositions for a range of health-related traits. By late 2013, a leading company in the industry, Google-backed 23andMe, claimed to have sold its genetic test to over half a million customers, under the slogan Living well starts with knowing your DNA. For $99 (just about the price of a Fitbit Flex), 23andMe users received risk estimates for over 250 different traits and diseases, ranging from relatively benign ones like lactose intolerance to serious diseases like cancer.

But in November of 2013, the FDA ordered the company to stop making risk assessments, citing concerns that customers would disregard or bypass their doctors and make bad health decisions based on an inaccurate test. The FDA declared that it considered 23andMes test a medical device that could have significant unreasonable risk of illness, injury, or death, and was therefore subject to regulation. As a medical device, 23andMe could not sell its test until the FDA approved it, which the agency would not do until the company proved the clinical validity and accuracy of its claims.

Critics complained that, by treating 23andMes DTC test as a medical device, instead of as a non-clinical consumer product, the FDA was unjustly locking up personal information that people had every right to know and handing the keys to medical gatekeepers. Is the FDA going to issue Fitbit a cease and desist letter too? asked Duke University bioethicist Nita Farahany, who argued that its absurd to consider something a medical device merely because it provides information that might be relevant to a persons medical care. Writing in The New Yorker, science journalist David Dobbs argued that, by shutting down DTC tests, the FDA was leaving genetics in the hands of a medical establishment that has failed to let people obtain and use the elemental information in their own spit.

Critics also argued that the FDAs logic for regulating DTC tests is built on a flawed premise: Multiple studies, comprising thousands of subjects, had found no evidence that DTC genetic tests caused distress or misunderstanding that resulted in dangerous health decisions. Farahany, together with Robert Green, who directed a National Institutes of Health-sponsored study to understand how DTC users handle their genetic information, noted that the results of these studies suggest that consumer genomics does not provoke distress or inappropriate treatment. FDA policy, however, didnt budge. Answering critics, Jeffrey Shuren, director of the FDAs Center for Devices and Radiological Health, insisted that, while some genetic information can be fun, Alzheimers disease, cancer, and heart disease are serious matters. Therefore, genetic tests for such diseases must meet high standards for accuracy.

But even those opposed to the FDAs action recognized that the government wasnt entirely to blame. The agency has a mandate to protect the public from fraudulent or misleading health products, and, for years, it had engaged with 23andMe to discuss what level of regulation would be appropriate. In the summer of 2013, however, for unknown reasons, the company stopped responding to the FDA. At the same time, 23andMe was advertising increasingly bold claims about its products health value. On its website, it said the test would help customers take steps toward mitigating serious diseases and allow them to find out if your children are at risk for inherited conditionseven though, in the fine print, 23andMe noted that its test was not intended to be used for any diagnostic purpose. 23andMes advertising claims had become a source of controversy among scientists and policy experts, who recognized that the inexpensive technology used by the company and the current state of scientific knowledge were too limited for DTC tests to be of much value in serious health decisions. Writing in The New England Journal of Medicine, health policy experts George Annas and Sherman Elias argued that the FDAs ban is not currently depriving people of useful information.

Furthermore, the ban did not resolve the core tension that has dogged this field from the beginning: People have the right to learn what science has to say about their own DNA, but companies need to be honest about the limited medical value of DTC tests. Michael Eisen, a geneticist at the University of CaliforniaBerkeley and a member of 23andMes scientific advisory board, argued that DTC tests should be regulated fairly tightly, but, at the same time, the government should acknowledge that people have a strong right to obtain the latest scientific information about their DNAeven when the meaning of that information is still unclear.

The challenge, Eisen wrote, is to come up with a regulatory framework that recognizes the fact that this information isat least for nowintrinsically fuzzy. For example, in 2013 23andMes test included 11 genetic variants associated with Type 2 diabetes. The company provided users with a summary of the science and cited the relevant studies, but those 11 genetic variants by themselves are not nearly enough to reliably determine whether someone has a higher genetic risk for diabetes. The big problem is a false negative: Geneticists know that many more variants contribute to the disease, but these remain largely undiscoveredand thus cant be included in 23andMes test. Test users should be able to learn whether or not they carry known diabetes variants, but they also need to be clearly informed about the level of risk associated with a positive resultand why a negative result doesnt mean theyre 100 percent in the clear either. The FDAs job should be to keep 23andMe honest about the uncertainties, not to impose impossibly high standards for accuracy.

Unfortunately, thats not the approach the FDA has taken. In the fall of 2015, 23andMe again began selling its health test, with new, FDA-approved genetic reports. (The company had continued to sell its ancestry test, which was not regulated by the FDA.) But the new health test is now a stripped-down version of its former self, and costs the consumer twice as much as it did before. Instead of reports on over 170 diseases and health-related traits, the test now reports on about 50. The only disease information is presented in roughly 40 carrier reports, which determine whether you carry a mutation for a rare, inherited disease like cystic fibrosis, which you might pass on to your children. 23andMe removed over 100 different diseases and conditions from the new version, including Type 2 diabetes. These are conditions for which scientific knowledge is still, in Eisens words, intrinsically fuzzy, but they are also the ones that most of us are interested in: breast and colon cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimers, to name a few. The FDA still considers 23andMes DTC genetic test a medical device, which means that fuzzy information is not allowedeven if it comes with appropriate cautions and a clear explanation of how confident users should be in their results.

If DTC genetic tests shouldnt be regulated as medical devices, whats the alternative? A better approach would start by treating these tests more like other consumer-wellness productssuch as Fitbits. Like fitness trackers, people buy DTC tests for a variety of reasons, most of which have little to do with making serious medical decisions. Test takers are motivated by a desire to take part in research, to share and discuss their results with others, and to sate curiosity about themselves. Barbara Prainsack, a sociologist at Kings College London, and her colleague Mauro Turrini, at the University of Paris, point to surveys that show what users get out of DTC genetic testing has little, [if] anything, to do with clinical decision-making. The FDA, and the medical community more generally, need to consider the uses of genetic data more broadly. Genomic information, Prainsack and Turrini argue, is personal and social at the same time.

As it turns out, the FDA recently developed guidelines for how it will deal with fitness trackers and the rapidly growing number of mobile applications devoted to health. Rather than treat apps and fitness trackers as medical devices, the FDA has decided to approach these mostly non-clinical technologies from a consumer-protection angle. It has partnered with the Federal Trade Commission, the governments other major consumer-protection agency, and the Office for Civil Rights to focus on protecting the privacy of users data and ensuring that companies dont make misleading claims about diseases.

With some modifications, the FDA could apply this regulatory framework to DTC tests. As long as companies tempered their claims about predicting your genetic risk for disease, or received FDA approval for stronger claims when the science is good enough, they could help us learn what one of the most exciting fields in modern science has to say about one of the most uniquely personal parts of our biology. The cutting edge will always contain uncertainties, but the solution should be to explain those uncertainties, rather than hide them.

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How to Free Personal Genetics - Pacific Standard