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Lab report – Prospect

Lisa Jardine is the right woman for the HFEA. Pfizer fails to rewrite the rules of science. And sentimentality has deprived Nasa of a highly capable head of science by Philip Ball / May 24, 2008 / Leave a comment Published in May 2008 issue of Prospect Magazine

Can Lisa Jardine save embryology?

Historian Lisa Jardine, the new head of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), begins her role ahead of the impending Commons vote on the human fertilisation and embryology bill. The bill crystallises several moral dilemmas about research and practice in these areas, and threatens to intensify the polarisation they induce. Whatever position Jardine takes is sure to upset some vocal group or other.

This is why the appointment of someone used to taking the long view, and accustomed to the hard knocks of public life, probably makes sense. Certainly, Jardines popularising instincts seem right for the HFEA just now: she considers public education about fertility issues as important as the regulatory responsibilities. The HFEA has hitherto seldom shown an explicit commitment to inform.

So far, the misinformation about the bill spread by Catholic officials and other religious groupstalk of animal-human cybrid embryos in research as of Frankenstein proportiondoes not seem to have dented public appreciation of the potential benefits of such research. (The animal component would be a mere shell for human genes.) But it is never a good idea to underestimate the determination of zealots.

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Lab report - Prospect

NMSU’s Discovery Scholars Program gives students paid research experience – New Mexico State University NewsCenter

Date: 03/30/2017 Writer: Taylor Vancel, 575-646-7953, tvancel@nmsu.edu Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ Pinterest

Angelique Amado is a junior at New Mexico State University majoring in chemistry. Thanks to a program that pays undergraduate students to conduct research, she can spend time in the lab without worrying about working off campus to help with school expenses.

Its very hard to balance a job on top of research and activities and academics, said Amado, So having the ability to merge a job and research is awesome because it helps build skills youll need in the future while being able to support yourself financially.

The Discovery Scholars Program in the College of Arts and Sciences has provided paid research opportunities for 25 undergraduate students since it began two years ago.

Through the research experience, Discovery Scholars gain not only highly technical research experience, but also practical experience in working on a project with a team, writing in their field, presenting their results at conferences, and day-to-day project management, said Nancy McMillan, Regents Professor in geology and director of the program.

Feifei Li, assistant professor in chemistry and biochemistry, told Amado about the program. Li has been mentoring Amado in the lab for just over a year.

Amado and Li have taken on two different projects: The first was researching the Vitamin B-12 complex to model how plants intake CO2 and reduce it to carbon monoxide; the second involves data analysis from results of X-ray spectroscopy. The overall goal of this project is to gain a deeper understanding of bioinorganic substances in order to solve bioenergy and biomedical related issues facing society.

As a mentor and teacher, Ive been able to help teach and train chemistry students, Li said. We are training the next generation of leaders in energy science and biomedical fields.

So far, our projects have been pretty successful and Ive been able to learn a lot that I dont always get in class, as well as gaining experience in the lab, Amado said. Ive always been interested in research fields but the program has solidified that in many ways. Im excited to start applying to programs with this experience on my resume.

As a mentor himself, Michael Hout, assistant professor of psychology and assistant director of the program, has seen the impact of the program on students first hand.

I've never seen a program like this implemented anywhere else, and I'd have absolutely loved to be able to take part in something like this when I was an undergraduate. This program affords our students with opportunities that the vast majority of students could not obtain in any other way.

Other Discovery Scholars and mentors in the program currently include astronomy professor Chris Churchill and physics undergraduate, Roberto Araujo are working on uncovering the element berylium from a quasar; Greg Armfield, associate professor of communication studies and communications studies undergraduate, Rachel Simeon, are studying how women are portrayed in sports magazines, professor Elba Serrano and biology undergraduate Taylor Nunn researching how brain cancer cells feel their environment, McMillan and Geology undergraduate Shoshauna Farnsworth-Pinkerton are developing a method to determine the source of ancient sands using the mineral tourmaline and Hout and psychology undergraduate John DesGeorges are studying how humans automatically think of computer- related things when presented with challenging information and questions.

In addition to the research experience, the program also allows students to engage in community service each semester.

This semester weve started working with K-12 students in Las Cruces to show them what its like to do research, Amado said. We want to inspire them to go to college and to maybe pursue some kind of research while there.

Along with going into the public schools, Amado and Li have been working closely with the TRIO program. TRIO is a group of federally funded outreach and student services programs targeted to serve and assist low-income individuals, first-generation college students, and individuals with disabilities to progress through the academic pipeline from middle school to post baccalaureate programs.

Each Discovery Scholar receives $10 per hour for up to 40 hours a week to work on independent, but guided, research with a faculty mentor. For the fall and spring semesters, students receive the same pay for up to 20 hours a week. Funding for the program comes from the College of Arts and Sciences distance education revenue. Students also receive a book fund each semester they participate, including the summer while faculty members receive another fund toward scholarship, creative activity or for conference travel.

Personally, the best aspect of this experience is being given the opportunity to travel to other laboratories and use resources not immediately available in this area, said Amado. I am fortunate enough to be supported by this program to expand my skill set in settings I would not otherwise be able to.

Amado plans to pursue a doctorate in environmental chemistry or bioinorganic chemistry. Shes also considering law school to work with science and policy.

Im really thankful for my time in this program, Amado said. And for the opportunities to help undergraduate students, such as myself, in almost all areas of study.

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NMSU's Discovery Scholars Program gives students paid research experience - New Mexico State University NewsCenter

‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Fans Lose It Over Idea of Mr. Schue as Jo’s … – Moviefone

Will Shuester may need detention for his upcoming behavior on "Grey's Anatomy." A few days ago, the news came out that "Glee" alum Mattthew Morrison would be joining "Grey's" Season 13 as Dr. Paul Stadler. Photos showed him with Justin Chambers (Alex Karev) in Episode 23.

All of that pointed directly to Morrison booking the role of Dr. Jo Wilson's (Camilla Luddington) abusive husband, from whom she fled. It was previously reported that "Grey's" was casting a new doc for the final four episodes of this season, with a possible return in Season 14. TVLine said they were seeking "a Caucasian actor in his mid 40s to play a new doctor who is 'appealing, charismatic and charming' in other words, a total freakin' catch. The twist? He's has a 'manipulative, scary dark side.'"

That was always expected to be Jo's hubby. We don't even know Jo's real name, but it's possible her last name is still Stadler, if Morrison's character is indeed her husband. It also fits to have Alex in the picture, since it would be a very Alex thing to do to track him down to get a divorce in motion -- or just to confront the guy for what he did -- so Jolex can get married and begin their lives together.

Fans reacted to the news of the beloved "Glee" alum playing an abuser; one viewer summed up the general response with "IM F*CKING SCREAMING JO'S HUSBAND IS WILL SCHUESTER." Here are more reactions:

"Grey's Anatomy" is airing Season 13, Episode 18 tonight (Thursday, March 30). There are 24 episodes to this season, so we won't meet Morrison's new doctor for a while.

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'Grey's Anatomy' Fans Lose It Over Idea of Mr. Schue as Jo's ... - Moviefone

Carnage: The Anatomy Of Pravin Gordhan’s Political Execution – Huffington Post South Africa (blog)

President Jacob Zuma's Cabinet reshuffle is nothing less than a comprehensive and total victory and an utter and complete humiliation for his opponents -- one from which they might never recover.

It confirmed how impotent Cyril Ramaphosa and Gwede Mantashe have become.

It has exposed National Treasury and the fiscus to capture, rent-seeking and looting.

And it has shown beyond any doubt that Zuma holds the African National Congress (ANC) in a vice-like grip.

By all accounts Treasury was a hive of activity Thursday.

Its headquarters at 40 Church Square in Pretoria, where the ministerial offices and those of senior officials like the director general are, was humming along while the grunts, across the road in the Madiba Street Building, were busy collating the last bits of information before the financial year for government departments end on Friday, 31 March 2017.

Staff were scurrying around, "busy like year-end at any big company," a senior official told Huffington Post South Africa. Pravin Gordhan, the minister of finance, was walking around, urging his charges to do their duty.

"He's not the type of guy that gives up. He is one soldier that will die with his boots on. He is humble, not a rebel. He's a solid guy," the official said in the afternoon.

He added: "He is urging us to do our job with the same sense of urgency and accuracy as before. He really is remarkable. He told us not to ignore the (political) noise, but that we must focus on the job at hand. It's year-end for government department. It's busy. It's the same as at any other big company finalising its books."

The din was getting louder. Gordhan might be gone. But the work at Treasury continued. "We're focused on what needs to be done. The uncle (Gordhan) is good at setting priorities and executing them."

While officials at Treasury were busy crossing the t's and dotting the i's on government's books, the executive floor at Luthuli House was buzzing. Zuma was adamant that he was going to fire Gordhan and his deputy Mcebisi Jonas. Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa, ANC secretary general Gwede Mantashe and the rest of the leadership would just have to play ball.

There were efforts at finding a compromise candidate. Ramaphosa and Mantashe apparently already told the head of state that Brian Molefe, the former Eskom boss, Gupta associate and backbench member of parliament, was unacceptable. Word went out from the sixth floor at Luthuli House that a special meeting of the party's top six leadership was to be convened at 6.30pm.

At around 7.30pm a message was relayed from the meeting to the Ramaphosa camp saying that the "DP" (short for deputy president) was holding firm. It seemed like they may win the day and keep Gordhan in his position and Treasury safe.

But less than two hours later the picture changed dramatically. Another message went out after the meeting adjourned and the president's convoy emerged from Luthuli House's secure underground parking garage in President Street.

It was over, the message read. Things didn't work out. And it looked "bad, bad".

On the Gupta-owned news channel ANN7 the "resident political analysts" started giggling with glee. Presenter Sindi Mabe struggled to contain her excitement and the channel's garish graphics loudly announced that Malusi Gigaba would be the new minister of finance.

Mabe, with a straight face and in all seriousness asked: "Gigaba is a young lion who will, surely, drive the economy forward?"

Tshepo Kgadima, ANN7's political analyst, replied: "The 'occupy Treasury' movement, we shouldn't be worried by them, they won't be able to even fill a car. We should be worried about the caucus (in parliament) . . . will Jackson Mthembu (the ANC's chief whip) stand up and say 'everything is OK?' "

Every couple of minutes the channel interrupted its victory lap to "confirm" another dismissal or appointment: Gigaba, Tina Joemat-Pettersson, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, Faith Muthambi. It was almost as if it had prior knowledge or privileged access.

"Pravin Gordhan was paraded as a performer (as minister)," Kgadima went on. "But he did not share the values of the organisation (the ANC) or the vision of the president. He was a non-performer."

Mzwanele Manyi carried on and said the new minister must now surely withdraw the application against the Guptas on which the court has reserved judgment.

Gigaba, ANN7 graphics screamed: "Has a clean image, is regarded as decisive, is trusted by the president and is an efficient administrator".

Kgadima: "We need to look at the Public Finance Management Act . . . consider new legislation . . . it is an impediment to development."

The graphics dovetailed with the analyst: "New finance minister's challenge: to kickstart key development projects to accelerate radical economic transformation."

A close advisor of Ramaphosa, meanwhile, was mildly and reservedly exasperated. "My worst fears confirmed. Tragic!" he messaged.

The DP and his merry band of mellow and meek men have been endlessly waiting for an opportunity to mount an offensive. Nenegate wasn't serious enough, neither was Nkandla, nor the disastrous municipal election or the public protector's "State of Capture" Report. "We know what's at stake," was their message. "The DP is strategising, planning, preparing."

As the hour of Gordhan's public execution neared, this advisor explained - in the face of mounting evidence on ANN7 - that all was not lost and that they would first gauge public support before deciding on their next move.

It's better to remain inside and fight the good fight there than being outside and having no influence at all, he argued: "Unless the pillars of state are destroyed, Samson-like."

He was adamant: the DP will move depending on "the depth and extent of the reaction".

The statement from the presidency dropped at exactly 12.14am , quoting Zuma as saying the changes that were made were done to "improve efficiency and effectiveness".

At a a press conference before tabling the budget last month Gordhan told the media it does matter who runs Treasury.

"Does it matter who sits in these chairs? Yes, it does matter. Because it impacts on the policies and ideas that goes to Cabinet. It takes many years to build an institution, to build confidence and trust, to build skills, culture, effectiveness, resilience. But it's very easy to break it down," he said.

Gordhan is gone. So is Jonas.

Bathabile Dlamini, the president of the ANC's women's league, is still in Cabinet. Zuma strongwoman Faith Muthambi too. Loyalist Fikile Mbalula has been rewarded with the police portfolio. The changes were made "to improve efficiency and effectiveness".

Zuma was humiliated when he was forced to backtrack on his dismissal of Nhlanhla Nene as finance minister. It took him one year, three months and 22 days - but he got his man, and now he's got Treasury.

Msholozi is now undoubtedly the strongest bull in the kraal.

An

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Carnage: The Anatomy Of Pravin Gordhan's Political Execution - Huffington Post South Africa (blog)

‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Fans Aren’t Happy About That Shocking Sex Scene: Here’s Why – Us Weekly

Do not disturb! One of this season's most memorable Grey's Anatomy moments has undoubtedly been Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) and April Kepner (Sarah Drew) getting frisky in a hotel hallway during the Thursday, March 16, episode. But the surprise hookup was not exactly a happy turn of events for all fans.

Slowly Reconnecting

The ABC medical drama dropped hints throughout that episode that Jackson and Avery were going to get back together during their trip to Montana. Indeed, the couple were shown FaceTiming their daughter and collaborating to plan a surgery, with the procedure proving to be a success in more ways than one.

The surgeons accomplished a tough operation that had never been done before on a young girl with a throat tumor. Even though they have been constantly bickering in recent episodes, they actually came together to save a life. We did it, Jackson told his ex after they teamed up to perform a risky operation on a young girl with a throat tumor.

The Hotel Heats Up

Following surgery, the two were about to part ways to rest in their separate hotel rooms. However, the small talk they exchanged in the hallway suggested they had another activity in mind for the evening.

Im just thinking about our track record in hotel rooms, Jackson said as he approached his former wife. They started making out right there in the hallway, and Jackson didnt waste time before carrying April back to his hotel room. The next morning, the two were cuddling on the hotel bed sans clothes.

Sure, plenty of Greys fans were delighted by the twist, but others remain convinced that the reunion was a total mistake and that this won't end well, given the pair's rocky history. (The two doctors did not interact in the March 23 episode.)

Check out the tweets below about the controversial rendezvous.

Tell Us: Do you think the hookup was a mistake?

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'Grey's Anatomy' Fans Aren't Happy About That Shocking Sex Scene: Here's Why - Us Weekly

"Menstrual Cycle on a Chip" Offers a New Window into Female … – Scientific American

The feminine mystique is not just figurativeit also extends to womens reproductive anatomy. For decades women were excluded from research studies, leading to a dearth of information about female physiology that is only just starting to be filled in. Some insights have come from research on tissue grown in standard petri dishes but these studies still cannot represent the intricacies of a womans menstrual cycle.

Now in a bioengineering first, researchers have created a miniature laboratory model of the entire female reproductive tract, complete with hormone signaling. This 3-D organ-on-a-chip system may improve our understanding of the causes of recurrent miscarriage and fuel new research into birth control and other drug development. The work may also inch medicine toward a future when fertility experts could simply grow a sample of an individual womans cells, place them in this chip system and determine the best treatment.

To model the female reproductive system, a team of researchers led by Northwestern Universitys Teresa Woodruff took lab-grown human and mouse cells from five organs and cultivated them in a network of interconnected cubes. The cubes were fed by tubes that allowed blood and hormones to flow through them, mimicking the fluids movement throughout the body. Valves and pumps also controlled the units pressure and airflow. This environment allowed cells that would normally die in a petri dishsuffocating amid their own cellular wasteto stay alive for a standard 28-day reproductive cycle.

After the researchers jump-started the systems hormonal communication with an injection of pituitary hormone, the cells secreted levels of estrogen and progesterone found in a typical menstrual cycle and the signaling that occurs between female reproductive organs. The team was also able to simulate hormone levels during ovulation as well as the early stages of pregnancy, creating a tool that could potentially yield insight into how to maintain successful pregnancies. The feats are described today in Nature Communications. This represents not only a revolution in cell culture technique [but also] an evolution of the study of the reproductive tract and disease, Woodruff says.

The menstrual-cycle-on-a-chip system includes mouse ovarian cells, along with human cells from the fallopian tube, endometrium and cervix obtained from hysterectomies. (Human ovarian cells were not available, but mouse ovarian cells produce the same hormones.) The system also includes human liver cells, included because that organ breaks down many drugs. The work builds on earlier efforts by Linda Griffith and colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, to develop a liver on a chip. The menstrual chip research team significantly expanded on that technology and those of many other groups to produce the current design for modeling reproductive cycles.

The new chip system is far from a perfect stand-in for female anatomy: Right now organs-on-a-chip cannot account for something like an early-life [toxic] exposure that might affect future reproductive health, says Kevin Osteen, a professor obstetrics and gynecology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine who was not involved in the study but works on other reproductive chip models. The new chip system also does not include the placenta, which is key to supporting pregnancy, nor does it factor in how inflammation due to a viral infection would affect reproductive organs. Still, Woodruff says, her system opens possibilities for studying a wide range of conditions, such as diseases of the cervix, which cannot be modeled in mice because their cervical cells are completely different from the human variety. She adds, This system will allow us to study infection in that organ in way we havent been able to do in the past.

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"Menstrual Cycle on a Chip" Offers a New Window into Female ... - Scientific American

San Francisco Giants Partner With Halo Neuroscience To Improve Speed, Explosiveness – SportTechie

When Halo Neuroscience designed the Halo Sport headset, it was evident that its use extended into various sports. The device is designed to stimulate a special part of the brain called the motor cortex and help any type of athlete get the most out of their brain and their workout.There has already been documented use from NFL players, the Golden State Warriorsand Olympians.

Now Halo is announcing a new partnership with the San Francisco Giants, who have implemented Halo Sport as part of the teams core training regimen to improve player performance.

The Giants are our neighbors, and weve become pretty close over the last year, said Halo Neuroscience CEO Dr. Daniel Chao, whose company is based in San Francisco.

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As Chao said, the formal announcement of the partnership hardly means that these two organizations just met. In January 2016, the Giants and Halo started working together at the teams conditioning camp in Phoenix. The invitation-only extended to the organizations top prospects. Players were split into two groups one made use of Halo Sport and the other did not.

It was a perfect proving ground for us, Chao said. We did before-and-after testing and the group that used Halo Sport got results that we would expect. That was enough to lead to a one-page summary that got circulated up the chain to the front office appealing for budget.

The metric keyed in on most was the 20-yard dash. They were looking for an improvement in short burst speed something that would show up in stealing bases and chasing down fly balls or grounders. After two weeks, almost all the players in the group that did 20-minute neuropriming sessions with the Halo Sport headset prior to their workouts showed significant improvement while the control group only demonstrated moderate improvement.

A similar study of MLB players training with Sparta Sciencerecently produced results as well for players who neuroprimed.

Theres nothing like data to win a sale, Chao said when asked what ultimately attracted the Giants to Halo. Thats what we want to be known for; lets point to numbers, numbers sell themselves.

Since Ive been using Halo Sport, it really has taken my game to the next level, Giants top pitching prospect Tyler Beede said in a video released by Halo Neuroscience. When you use it over the course of a season, over the course of the day-in, day-out activities that youre doing, your brain just becomes so in tune with what youve been doing that it can memorize and it can enter your movements that take you to that next level.

The partnership will be a rather broad deployment. Chao says that there will be Halo Sport stations at all the Giants various training facilities not just limited to the ones in San Francisco and Scottsdale, Ariz.

Even though a 162-game schedule doesnt leave much time for practice, there are still a couple areas where Chao sees Halo Sport being beneficial to the big league club.

If you think about a position player, what they have to do during the game is play nine innings, but most of them show up early to take batting practice, Chao said. Even in the on-deck circle, for example, they are taking practice cuts. All of that added up is probably a hundred swings per day. What can we do to make those swings more meaningful? Pairing that with Halo Sport is one way you can do that.

Who knows? Maybe Halo Sport can be a driving force in helping the Giants win their fourth World Series title in eight seasons.

We are extremely excited to integrate Halos neurostimulation technology into our core training regimen to improve and refine on-field player performance and athleticism, Giants head athletic trainer Dave Groeschner said in a statement. After testing the product internally, weve determined that incorporating Halo Sport Neuropriming into our training programs produces measurable and significant results.

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San Francisco Giants Partner With Halo Neuroscience To Improve Speed, Explosiveness - SportTechie

How Neuroscience Might Help The San Francisco Giants Win The … – Fast Company

By Daniel Terdiman 03.29.17 | 9:00 am

The next time a San Francisco Giant hits a game-winning home run or turns a great double play to end a rivals rally, you may be able to thank neuroscience.

Today, Halo Neuroscience, a San Francisco startup thats developed a device aimed at boosting the performance of athletes, announced it has officially been helping the Giants get the most out of its players.

[Photos: courtesy of Halo Neuroscience]

The device, the Halo Sport, stimulates the brains motor cortex, energizing motor neurons, which then send athletes muscles stronger signals, allowing them to get more powerful and efficient with every training rep.

The Halo Sport, which looks almost exactly like a pair of headphones, isnt new. But Halo hasnt previously revealed much about its partnerships with any professional sports franchises, especially not ones that have progressed beyond the experimental stage.

The Giants, with their proximity to Silicon Valley, are exposed to lots of intriguing technology that could be used to improve athletic performance, says Geoff Head, the teams sports scientist. But before jumping at any of that tech, the three-time World Series champions like to do our homework.

Austin Slater warming up.

Last season, Head says, the Giants conducted a two-week trial involving 18 top minor league prospects at the teams off-season conditioning camp. The idea, he explains, was to give nine of the players Halo Sports and compare the results of their training and workouts with nine players who didnt get the devices but went through the exact same conditioning.

Afterwards, he says, the team found there to be significant-enough improvement results in the Halo group compared to the control group to where it opened up our eyes to the devices value.

To be sure, the improvements were smallon the order of 1% to 2%. But with these athletes at the major league level, Head says, thats sometimes enough to be the difference between winning and losing.

Based on those trials, the Giants signed a formal partnership with Halo Neuroscience and have been utilizing the startups devices during the current spring training at both the major league level and for players at four different levels of the minor leagues.

According to Head, Halo cofounder Daniel Chao had explained that the peak benefit of the companys device comes in the 60-to-90-minute window after wearing it, a data point that matched what the team had learned from its in-house study.

The greatest improvements we found in the players in the [test] group, he says, were the skills work we were doing when they were wearing the Halo headset. As soon as they players took off the headsets . . . we would get into some advanced mobility worktrying to learn new postures, speed drills, and so on.

Asked why players didnt just wear their Halo headsets all day, Head says its simply a matter of diminishing returns. When wearing the Halo Sport, the areas you work on receive a higher level of stimulation. If you constantly stimulate over the course of a day, he explains, youre definitely not going to get as much bang for your buck. Its like working out all day. You would get the best results in the first part of the day.

The key for the Giants, as the team seeks to get the most from its use of the Halo Sport, is to figure out which skill set each individual player needs the most work on and have them wear the headset immediately prior to doing that work.

So, for example, if a pitcher is trying to work on changing the arm angle at which he throws, he would want to wear the Halo Sport in the morning in the 20 minutes or so before beginning his 10 a.m. workout. Even after stretching, the pitchers throwing session would still be within the devices 60-to-90-minute effectiveness window.

San Francisco Giants pitcher Tyler Beede

And the benefit may not be limited solely to what a player can do on his own, Head says. In fact, the Halo Sport improves learning as well. So players will be more likely to internalize training feedback from coaches if it happens during that time frame.

The benefit even extends to getting stronger, Head says. So if a players biggest weakness is, excuse the pun, his strength, he will do well to wear the Halo Sport prior to doing his weight liftingand may even want to wear it for the first 20 minutes of those sessions, Head says.

Given that baseballs regular season hasnt yet started, its too early to tell if Halos technology will help the Giants actually get more wins. And even after the games begin, theres of course no way to know if there was actually a true benefit.

But the results of the Giants experiment last season suggest theres reason to believe that Halo can help the team do better. A baseball season is 162 games. It generally takes around 90 wins to guarantee a playoff spot. Over the course of that span, a 1% to 2% improvement works out to between 1.62 and 3.24 additional wins.

So, Giants fans, if your team makes the playoffs by three wins or less, therell be a reasonable argument to be made that its due to neuroscience.

Daniel Terdiman is a San Francisco-based technology journalist with nearly 20 years of experience. A veteran of CNET and VentureBeat, Daniel has also written for Wired, The New York Times, Time, and many other publications.

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How Neuroscience Might Help The San Francisco Giants Win The ... - Fast Company

Proliferation of Common Mouse Linked to Human Settlement – New Historian

When humans began erecting permanent settlements around 15,000 years ago, the practice had an effect on local animal populations and new research says the common mouse was one of them.

Led by an international group of scientists, the recently published study looked into the link between how humans at the dawn of the agricultural age changed the ecological balance of the world around them. Even before the advent of agriculture, the Middle East became the site of many much more permanent homes, and researchers say these earliest permanent edifices led to the flourishing and proliferation of the common house mouse.

Washington University in St. Louis anthropology professor Fiona Marshall, a co-author on the study and an expert on animal domestication, says that the new research provides the first evidence that humans impacted local animal communities as early as 15,000 years ago. The direct result is the dominant presence of house mice she added, remarking that these settlements had major implications for human societies, animal domestication and local ecologies.

In a university press release, Professor Marshall characterized the new research as exciting because it showed how the environment was shaped not by farmers but even earlier by settled hunter-gatherers. House mice began to flourish thanks to these hunter-gatherers providing stable access to human shelter and food. The result, Prof. Marshall says, is commensalism an early form of domestication that teaches species the benefits of interacting with humans.

Broad implications are raised by these findings. The timeline for the roots of animal domestication could be pushed back thousands of years prior to the widely accepted dawn of agriculture that occurred between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.

The study itself was undertaken to better understand what caused large differences in the ratio of house mice and wild mice discovered in archaeological digs at ancient hunter-gatherer sites in Israel. Researchers used differences in fossilized mouse teeth, some as ancient as 200,000 years old, to trace species-related variations over the millennia, resulting in the construction of a timeline of how different mice population numbers changed over the years the site was occupied by humans.

Human mobility changed the relationships between two specific mouse breeds the short-tailed field mouse and the house mouse. Both of these mice species are still alive today in and around Israels modern settlements.

The most telling evidence of how mice populations were influenced by human behavior is how they rose and fell in correlation with human populations. Local hunter-gatherers who stayed in the same location for extended periods of time created conditions that saw the house mouse population flourish; these populations would then diminish when the human periodically moved on.

In the absence of humans, the house mouse and the field mouse populations achieved equilibrium. When humans were present for long periods of time, the house mice were able to outcompete their evolutionary cousins, pushing the majority of them outside these settlements.

The new research study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, can be found here

Image courtesy of Lior Weissbrod

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Proliferation of Common Mouse Linked to Human Settlement - New Historian

US joins treaty to expand access to global crop genetics – Grain Central (registration) (blog)

THE signing this month by the United States of an international treaty facilitating access to crop genetic resources will enhance the ability of Australian plant breeders to develop improved lines for Australian farmers.

Kent Nnadozie

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which was ratified by Australia in 2006, is an international instrument that Australian farmers and plant breeders rely heavily on to access the raw genetic material needed to develop new crop varieties.

Secretary of the Treaty, Kent Nnadozie, is visiting Canberra this week to meet with government, industry and other stakeholders to discuss the planned enhancement of Treaty systems which are expected to further benefit Australian farmers and breeders.

Australian farmers can be very pleased with this months signing by the United States of the Treaty, Mr Nnadozie said.

The more countries we have on board with our efforts for a globe-spanning collection of plant genetic resources, the better for all farmers, wealthy or not and in direct competition or not.

All farmers need plant genetic material for use in research, breeding and training efforts, which also includes measures to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of financial benefits.

This material is vital to Australia as over 95 per cent of Australian agriculture is based on plant genetic resources from other countries.

Mr Nnadozie said the Treatys Multilateral System currently covered over 1.5 million crop samples of plants, seeds and crop and applied to 64 foods, feeds and grazing crops maintained by International Agricultural Research Centres or under the management and control of national governments and in the public domain.

Australia has much in common with developing countries in their battle with ecological and climatic challenges, he said.

Most Australian and US farmers have the benefit of the latest science, mechanisation and worlds best extension services, not necessarily available to their developing country cousins. But farmers the world over benefit from the preservation of crop diversity and varieties adapted to emerging and future climate conditions.

This is particularly the case now that the worlds agriculture is dangerously reliant on a narrow genetic base of a limited number of food crops, and climate change expected to profoundly alter the conditions of agriculture.

Australias special support for the Treatys systems benefiting farmers, breeders and researchers in the Pacific is particularly welcome as these farmers face significant issues around food security and climate change.

Mr Nnadozie said Australia had contributed A$2 million to the Treatys Benefit-sharing Fund since 2010, which supported high impact projects aimed at helping farmers in developing countries achieve food security and adapt to climate change.

Projects have supported the development, testing and use of climate ready crop varieties, including the conservation and use of indigenous food crops.

These new crop varieties are also made available to others under the Treatys Multilateral System for further research and breeding.

The development of varieties with greater tolerance to extreme temperatures, drought and flooding, as well as resistance to pests and disease is key in the context of climate change, Mr Nnadozie said.

Adaption breeding will increasingly require access to appropriate crop genetic resources from outside national borders, and the Treaty facilitates this.

The Treaty, which has membership of 143 countries, offers considerable benefits to Australian farmers and commercial breeding enterprises through providing greater access and stability to global genetic resources under standard agreed terms.

The enhancement of the Treatys systems will further expand free open access to more material and facilitate the development of more climate ready crops, Mr Nnadozie said.

Source: The Crawford Fund, http://www.crawfordfund.org

The Crawford Funds mission is to increase Australias engagement in international agricultural research, development and education for the benefit of developing countries and Australia.

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US joins treaty to expand access to global crop genetics - Grain Central (registration) (blog)