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Embryology

Couple has twins from sperm frozen 26 years ago | The Independent – The Independent

A man who froze his sperm more than two decades before having twins with his partner has claimed a world record.

The Scottishmusician, who did not want to be named, had his sperm frozen when he was 21, before starting chemotherapy treatment for cancer, as doctors warned him he would become infertile.

After his sperm had been kept in cold storage for 26 years and 243 days, his partner underwent in-vitro fertilisation in 2010.

Its quite a big deal for a woman to take that on, he told The Times.

The couple gave birth to a girl and a boy the following year. He was 47, and his partner was 37.

Now 54, he knew he held a world record, but did not want to go public.

The previous world record holder, Alex Powell, had had his sperm frozen for 23 years and the story was reported around the globe. Hewas also about to undergo chemotherapy.

But the musician learnt he could be listed anonymously in Guinness World Records, and he agreed to speak to one newspaper to highlight how long sperm can be frozen and then used to produce healthy children.

For people going through chemotherapy, they should keep hope, he said.

Marco Gaudoin, director of the GCRM medical clinic where the treatment took place, said that frozen sperm could theoretically be stored indefinitely.

Melissa Etheridge reveals that she asked Brad Pitt to donate sperm

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority claims sperm can be frozen for more than 40 years, but that not all sperm survive the process.

It has to be frozen for at least six months before it can be used for treatment, to screen the donor for infections.

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Couple has twins from sperm frozen 26 years ago | The Independent - The Independent

Embryology

Why people do not volunteer – Progress Index

More than 60 volunteers contributed to successful Farm Day in Prince George

We asked our research team to find out why so many people do not volunteer and the resounding response was, Because they were not asked.

Willie Bresko is a farmer in Prince George County, Virginia, who has volunteered his time and his farm with Virginia Cooperative Extension/Prince George 4-H for over a decade. I asked him why and he replied, Because I was asked.

This past week, Willie hosted our thirteenth annual Farm Day as he has done every year for the past 13 years. Second-graders from all the elementary schools in Prince George County about 450 students came to Willies farm last Tuesday to discover some of the major roles that agriculture plays in our daily lives.

As one of the teachers was leading her students back to the school bus, she told me, I have been to all of them (Farm Day events) this one was the best one ever!

The volunteers are the ones I have to thank for this great report.Volunteers like Willie Bresko who volunteered because he was asked.

Over 60 volunteers from Prince George Master Gardeners, Prince George 4-H, Prince George Farm Bureau, Virginia State University, Prince George Public Schools, Natural Resource Conservation Service, James River Soil and Water Conservation Service, Prince George Fire and EMS, Farm Bureau Womens Committee and a host of local citizens gave their time, energy and resources to make Farm Day a success.

Volunteers helped to provide eight learning stations: dairy cows, embryology, aquaculture, farm animals, field crops, vegetables, farm economics and soils. Volunteers provided lunch, served as mentors/guides, transported students, and an array of other tasks necessary to make the event a smashing success.

Director of Virginia Cooperative Extension Edwin Jones said, "The tremendous difference Virginia Cooperative Extension has made in the lives of Virginians over the past 100 years has been due in large measure to the contributions of the many dedicated and tireless volunteers."

Over 30,000 volunteers provided approximately 966,000 hours of service with Virginia Cooperative Extension in a single year. In that same year, 13,000 adult and youth volunteers served more than 185,000 youth ages 5 to 18 in hands-on educational programs designed to build leadership, citizenship, and life skills through Virginia 4-H.

Our volunteers are carefully screened and trained. Extension offers several master volunteer programs that provide training opportunities in gardening and horticulture; food, nutrition, and safety; natural resources management; water supply systems; financial management; and energy conservation.

If you are interested in volunteering, but not sure in what way, contact your local Extension office. They will be happy to help you find a way to share your time and talents.

Hermon Maclin is a Virginia Cooperative Extension Agent, specializing in 4-H youth development, with the Prince George County Extension Office. He can be reached at804-733-2686 ext. 102 or by email at hmaclin@vt.edu .

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Why people do not volunteer - Progress Index

Cell Biology

Pioneering work on stem-cell therapies at UW deserves state support – The Seattle Times

At the University of Washingtons Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, scientists and physicians are manipulating stem cells to heal and restore the function of hearts, eyes, kidneys and other tissues.

IF you have a heart attack, hopefully youll survive. But your body will be forever changed. The worlds best doctors cant undo the damage; instead, drugs and devices will help you live with a heart whose function too often dwindles.

The body cannot replace muscle cells that die in heart attacks maladies that help make heart failure the No. 1 global cause of death and our nations biggest health care expense. These patients face daily medication, decreased energy and, for the lucky 0.1 percent, the ability to qualify for an extraordinarily costly heart transplant and anti-rejection medication that also leaves them more vulnerable to other diseases.

Thanks to medical advances, heart failure has become a chronic condition that people are now managing for decades. The same is true for diabetes, kidney disease and arthritis. But with that longevity comes a tether to drug regimens whose costs rise seemingly at whim.

Dr. Charles Murry is interim director of UW Medicines Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.

These chronic diseases are a major reason that health-care costs hold center stage in Americans consciousness.

Amid our collective uncertainty, medical science offers one path of relief. Specifically, the engineering of human cells and tissues to restore vitality to poorly functioning organs.

The medical conditions named above share a common root not addressed by todays best care: The body is missing a population of cells that do critical work. If we could restore that population, we could cure many chronic diseases.

At the University of Washingtons Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), scientists and physicians are manipulating stem cells to heal and restore the function of hearts, eyes, kidneys and other tissues.

This year, we also seek a first-time investment from our state Legislature.

Weve pioneered techniques to grow unlimited human heart muscle cells in the lab. We were the first to transplant these cells into injured hearts and repair the injury with new tissue growth. UW Medicine will begin first-in-human tests of these cells in Seattle in 2019.

If this one and done treatment prevents heart failure in even the sickest 10 percent of heart-attack patients, our nation could save a staggering $3.5 billion per year in health-care costs. More importantly, these patients will lead longer, healthier, more productive lives.

Other ISCRM scientists are pursuing a gene therapy for muscular dystrophy, a devastating illness that often strikes young boys. The therapy, tested in Labrador puppies that were paraplegic as a result of the same, naturally occurring muscle-wasting disease, had the dogs leaping and frolicking in just weeks. A clinical trial is planned for 2018.

We are similarly probing therapies for cancer, kidney failure, diabetes and Alzheimers. And were doing this with the Northwests entrepreneurial spirit: In the past decade, ISCRM has patented 250+ discoveries with commercial potential and started 20 companies.

Legislatures in at least 11 other states, including California, New York, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Maryland, have invested cumulative billions in regenerative medicine. Most of that funding has gone to university-based research centers like ours.

To this point there has been no state investment in ISCRM. Nevertheless we have built a world-class program with federal grants and private philanthropy. But those dollars come in boom-and-bust cycles, and what we need now is stable funding to maintain competitiveness.

For this reason, the UW seeks $6 million in operating funds from the Legislature, starting with the next biennium, to recruit and retain top scientists, fund promising results at early stages, and train young researchers and clinicians.

We are grateful, at this juncture, that the state Senate included us in its initial budget.

We ask all legislators to invest in the health of our residents and in the promise of what weve accomplished so far. With stem-cell biology, we are ready to rebuild solid tissues like the heart and potentially cure our nations greatest cause of death and health-care expense.

Clinical success will make Washington a destination for heart repair and other regenerative therapies. This race is ours to lose.

Continued here:
Pioneering work on stem-cell therapies at UW deserves state support - The Seattle Times

Anatomy

Capcom Shares A Look At The Over 20-Year-Old Anatomy Guide Used By Street Fighter Artists – Siliconera

By Casey . April 9, 2017 . 5:30pm

Capcom has recently shared a look at a very integral anatomy guide that was created and has been used by the Street Fighter team for over 20 years.

During this years GDC, Capcom art director Toshiyuki Kamei referenced the guide, which had been compiled back in the mid-90s and edited by former Capcom artist Akira Yasuda. Since then, the guide has been used to teach other artists at Capcom how to recreate characters that are visually consistent with the games.

Kamei went on to note the guides age, saying its a pretty old document, but that is still very valuable to them.

You can check out a few excerpts from the guide below, and find more from it at Capcoms Japanese blog.

Video game stories from other sites on the web. These links leave Siliconera.

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Capcom Shares A Look At The Over 20-Year-Old Anatomy Guide Used By Street Fighter Artists - Siliconera

Anatomy

Grey’s Anatomy boss says season finale is on fire – EW.com (blog)

Is Grey Sloan going up in flames?

With Greys Anatomy heading toward a big event in its season finale, a new tease from Shonda Rhimes may spell doom for the hospital that, or the hospital may play host to the victims of a fire. You decide: Debbie Allen and I like to say that the episode is on fire, Rhimes told EW at the Scandal 100th episode party on Saturday night. Thats the only way were going to describe it. Its a pretty exciting episode thats very on fire.

Allen, who wrapped directing the Greys finale on Friday, concurred: I can only tease that its going to be hot for real; its on fire. We had night shoots and we were up all night for a couple of weeks, but boy it was great. I was so excited every day.

Does this mean the actual hospital will be on fire in the finale? I dont know about that, Rhimes said coyly.

However fire may or may not play a role in the finale, it sounds like someone could get burned. You should be worried, Allen cautioned. Be worried, because its that kind of night. Its going to be that kind of a ride.

In fact, Allen reveals that the events of the season finale will give fans an indication of whats coming next year. I think season 14 is going to be spectacular, Allen said. Were planting some seeds that you wont see coming, but you will be waiting to see how its all going to play out.

Greys Anatomy airs Thursdays at 8 p.m. ET on ABC.

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Grey's Anatomy boss says season finale is on fire - EW.com (blog)

Neuroscience

Where Neuroscience Ends, Poetry Takes Over – OZY

The brain wants what it wants. Neurology has mapped the mind, but continues to lag in understanding the nexus of touch and emotions. Biologist Steven Phelps, inspired by a sexual awakening, examines the science of skin and our nervous system that allows us to feel through touch, aided by uninsulated naked nerve cells long known to respond to temperature, pain, tickle and itch sensations. But only recently have researchers discovered how these sensory neurons respond to being touched, which Phelps says is still best understood by lovers and poets.

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Where Neuroscience Ends, Poetry Takes Over - OZY

Genetics

These Species Can Recode Their Own Genetics – Futurism – Futurism

In Brief More than any other species on earth, octopuses are particularly smartthey can solve puzzles, use tools, and communicate using color. Now scientists are saying they're also capable of editing their RNA. Gene Editing

A team of scientists led by Joshua Rosenthal at the Marine Biological Laboratory and Noa Liscovitch-Braur and Eli Eisenberg at Tel Aviv University have discovered that octopusesand squid are capable of a type of genetic alteration called RNA editing. The process is rare among other species, leading scientists to believe that the cephalopods have evolved to follow a special kind of gene recoding.

Normally, living creatures use the information contained in DNA to make proteins, and RNA is the go-between, simply transmitting the message in the DNA. More than 60 percent of RNA transcripts in squid are recoded by editing, and similar levels of RNA editing were identified in other cephalopod species, including two octopusesand a cuttlefish. This changes the message that gets sent out, which in turn changes the proteins that get produced. In comparison, other species like fruit flies and humans experience recoding events only a fraction of one percent of the time. But exactly how the gene editing mechanics work is a mystery.

When do they turn it on, and under what environmental influences? It could be something as simple as temperature changes or as complicated as experience, a form of memory, says Rosenthal.

The inherent characteristics of this species have prompted scientists to compare cephalopods to aliens, given their camouflage capability, blue blood, and ability to see polarized light. Their ability to manipulate their RNA demonstrates the importance of editing, which demonstrates how their species have possibly been forgoing standard evolution, sacrificing the ability to quickly evolve in order to develop their impressive brainpower.

Technically, an animal could use RNA editing to change the nature of its proteins without completely altering the underlying DNA instructions. This makes the cephalopods ability to do it a very interesting phenomenon, but its unclear as to why the species requires this much RNA editing.Many of the edited proteins were found in the animals brains, which is why scientists think the editing and their brainpower could be linked.

All of this, however, is still a hypothesis. Further research is needed to determine exactly how the editing mechanism works. Researchers hope to discover the role that RNA editing plays in the development of these species, and whether deeper insight into the process could ultimately lead to treatments for diseases like cystic fibrosis.

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These Species Can Recode Their Own Genetics - Futurism - Futurism

Biochemistry

Cyro-electron microscopes view ‘ballet of the cell’ at UMass Med School – Worcester Telegram

Cyrus Moulton Telegram & Gazette Staff @MoultonCyrus

WORCESTER - Researchers have moved from the back row to the orchestra seats for the ballet of the cell, now that a new cryo-electron microscope is up and running at University of Massachusetts Medical School and attracting use and attention from all over the region.

Prior to this cryo-EM technology, it was like we were at the back of the arena with very poor vision, said Brian A. Kelch, assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular pharmacology at UMass Medical School. These microscopes now allow us to get 20/20 vision and move to the orchestra seats so we can now see all the dancers and see how they interact with each other. Then also when the dance gets out of synchrony, which could lead to disease, we can see how to bring those dancers back to synchrony which can fix that disease.

UMass Medical School held a ribbon cutting in October for a $12 million facility housing two powerful, high-resolution cryo-electron microscopes. The two microscopes - the roughly $5 million Titan Krios and the roughly $4 million Talos Arctica - will be the most advanced electron microscopes in New England and two of fewer than 50 such cryo-EM microscopes worldwide, according to Chen Xu, associate professor of biochemistry and molecular pharmacology and the core director of the Cryo-EM Facility at UMass Medical School.

The Titan Krios was acquired in collaboration with Harvard Medical School, supported by a grant of $5 million from the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center. The Talos-Arctica system was acquired with funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. UMass Medical School has invested $3 million in renovations on its main campus to house the facility.

Now after lots of testing, calibration and training for staff, the Talos Arctica microscope is operational, and the Titan Krios is scheduled to come online this month.

The technology, known as cryo-Em, uses electron energy to produce images of samples that are cryogenically frozen with liquid nitrogen.

The technology not only allows scientists to see an object closer and more clearly than before but also allows scientists to see a sample frozen in many different positions.

Previous technology called X-ray crystallography required that samples be frozen in crystals that only allowed one position for samples. That process was also more time-consuming - it could take years to develop a sample, Mr. Xu said - and there was no guarantee that a sample that took so long to develop would be usable.

The new technology, however, can cut the time to develop a sample down to a month. It also requires less of a sample than the X-ray crystallography, according to Mr. Kelch.

Seeing the sample in multiple positions also enables two important developments.

It enables scientists to better reconstruct the sample in three dimensions and understand its function.

This is crucial for Mr. Kelch, whose lab is working on two projects.

In the first, he is studying the part of the cell that copies DNA and how that relates to cancer.

But without the cryo-EM, Mr. Kelch would not be able to look at the guardian proteins that are the target of the research. Although the study is in its infancy, Mr. Kelch hopes that understanding the structure of these proteins can lead to the development of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by interacting with the proteins.

In the second project, Mr. Kelchs lab is investigating how viruses become infectious particles. Again, being able to see the shape of proteins containing the virus is crucial to developing antiviral drugs.

Seeing the sample in multiple positions also enables scientists to discover how the sample can move.

Andrei A. Korostelev, associate professor of RNA therapeutics at UMass Medical School, described the process as like taking a picture of thousands of running horses and then arranging each horse in a sequence to show movement.

Here you freeze 1,000 horses, each of them moving differently, Mr. Korostelev said, continuing the analogy (the scientists actually freeze molecules). And then from that we try to reconstruct a smooth pathway of the movement.

Understanding movement is key to Mr. Korostelevs work studying the ribosome, the key machine in the cell that reads genetic code and converts it to proteins.

He has used cryo-EM to see how the parts of the ribosome move with respect to each other so the ribosome can perform its complex function.

Whats brand-new is that you can see the movements in such detail, said Mr. Korostelev, whose work has created movies of the ribosome in the process of making proteins.

But aside from their own research applications, scientists see the microscopes as a way to spark future collaborations among the different institutions and companies using the machines.

So far in addition to UMass Medical School, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, biotechnology company Sanofi Genzyme and pharmaceutical company Vertex are some of the clients that are lining up to use the machine. The rates range from roughly $120 per hour for internal users to $300 an hour for industry partners, Mr. Xu said.

In addition, Mr. Korostelev said the microscopes are an attraction for students who are looking for the latest technology.

Mr. Kelch said the microscopes being at UMass is a boon for the entire state.

This whole facility can be an economic engine not just for academic science in Massachusetts, but also for the biotech industry as well, Mr. Kelch said. We get from them some money to help run the facility as well as make partnerships with those companies which helps our students and trainees to find new jobs once they leave here. The biotech industry gets access to the worlds state-of the art microscopes without having the burden of running that facility on their own. And all of that means a lot of growth, economic growth for the commonwealth.

Robert K. Coughlin, president and CEO of the Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, agreed.

It gives us a huge competitive advantage because this is state-of-the-art technology that is open source for many scientists to utilize, said Mr. Coughlin, whose organization represents more than 1,000 other organizations in the life-sciences cluster. If were going to continue in this region to be the best place for innovation, we need to stay ahead of the curve and constantly have access to cutting-edge equipment and technology.

Link:
Cyro-electron microscopes view 'ballet of the cell' at UMass Med School - Worcester Telegram

Anatomy

Grey’s Anatomy Recap: Good Grief – Vulture

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Grey's Anatomy Recap: Good Grief - Vulture

Physiology

Embry-Riddle to debut program in aerospace physiology | Daytona … – Daytona Times

SPECIAL TO THE DAYTONA TIMES

This fall, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University will launch a unique undergraduate aerospace physiology program in collaboration with Florida Hospital for students who want to advance medical research and promote the health and well-being of pilots, astronauts, flight crew members and air or space travelers.

Embry-Riddle has partnered with Florida Hospital to offer the new Bachelor of Science program in aerospace physiology. The program will be one of the first of its kind in the country. (COURTESY OF EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY)

The Daytona Beach-based program is believed to be the first undergraduate program of its kind in the nation.

The new Bachelor of Science program, to be housed within Embry-Riddles Department of Human Factors, will offer real-world experience in clinical settings, thanks to a partnership with the six Florida Hospitals located in Volusia and Flagler counties.

Patient-care techniques Florida Hospital will help design the curriculum, exposing students to advanced patient-care techniques and clinical instrumentation. In addition, Florida Hospital will provide a unique clinical experience by supporting two practicum clinical courses.

As a former airline pilot, Florida Hospital Fish Memorial CEO Rob Deininger was an initial proponent of the aerospace physiology program.

Prior to joining Florida Hospital, I spent 13 years as a commercial airline pilot, logging more than 8,500 hours of flight time, Deininger said. We are really excited to have the opportunity to support Embry-Riddle in launching this new undergraduate program, right here in our own backyard.

It is a unique program, and we are proud to play a role in these students one day advancing medical research and caring for the men and women who fly whether it be here on Earth or in space, he added.

Medical, military careers An undergraduate degree in aerospace physiology from Embry-Riddle will put students on track to enter medical school, or to pursue careers in the military and civilian sectors, said Dr. Karen Gaines, dean of the universitys College of Arts and Sciences. Studying cellular function in space can help advance scientific research, human health care and life on Earth. Radiation, G force and other characteristics of extreme environments affect human physiology from the cellular to the whole-body level.

She added, Students who learn more about those mechanisms will be in a position to inform health care, best practices in aerospace and our understanding of how our cells age.

Aerospace physiologists are trained to identify, prevent and manage the impacts that extreme environments can have on human health. The effects of microgravity, cosmic radiation, isolation, rapid as well as sustained acceleration in an aircraft, low barometric pressure and reduced oxygen pressure in the blood can all take a toll on the human body, Gaines explained.

Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia), decompression sickness, artery-blocking clots of blood or air (embolism), damage to the middle ear (barotitis), loss of consciousness, microgravity-induced bone loss and other health problems can result from exposure to hostile aerospace environments.

Twins Experiment Being able to address ailments related to air or space travel is a critical goal for NASA and the U.S. Air Force as well as private aviation and commercial space flight operations.

This is why NASA recently conducted its highly publicized Twins Experiment, by sending NASA astronaut Scott Kelly on a year-long mission to the International Space Station while his identical twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly, remained Earth-bound. NASA wanted to explore how space affects immune-system reactions and DNA aging, among other questions.

As a result of the Twins Experiment, for example, NASA learned that Scott Kellys gene expression, which supports key cellular functions such as the production of insulin, had decreased in space.

Reduced gene expression seemed to result from decreased methylation of Kellys DNA in space.

The process of methylation, which occurs when certain groups of molecules latch onto DNA, can help regulate gene expression, and is a biomarker of aging.

NASA also studied the Kelly brothers telomeres the protective caps at the end of DNA strands that deteriorate as a person ages. After nearly a year in space, NASA reported, Scott Kellys telomeres were longer than those of his twin brother Mark.

Real-world experience Embry-Riddles curriculum will provide graduates with an understanding of the fundamental principles in molecular and cellular biology, behavioral neuroscience, genetics and heredity, anatomy and physiology, and chemistry and biochemistry.

Through the universitys collaboration with Florida Hospital, students further will learn about clinical instrumentation and clinical care, so as to gain real-world experience. The Embry-Riddle program will be the first U.S.-based undergraduate program in aerospace physiology. Gaines noted that there are advanced graduate and clinical degree programs in related fields.

The new aerospace physiology program at Embry-Riddle will prepare students for careers or further study in aerospace medicine as well as any other advanced medical practice, including physical therapy, nursing and pharmacology, Gaines said.

Gender balance The new program should help promote Embry-Riddles long-standing goal to attract more women to the worlds oldest and largest aeronautical university.

Making the traditionally male-dominated field of engineering more inclusive remains a challenge nationwide, but Embry-Riddle has made progress in improving the gender balance on its campus: The number of women enrolled at the Daytona Beach campus is 1,248.

The number of women enrolled at Embry-Riddles Daytona Beach campus has increased from 16.6 percent of the total student population in 2010 to a current level of 20.8 percent and this years entering class of first-time undergraduate students was about 23 percent female.

Biology and minorities Nationally, Gaines noted, women earn less than one-fifth of all bachelors degrees in engineering and computer science, but slightly more than 40 percent of bachelors degrees in the physical sciences and mathematics.

A 2014 student in the Journal of Cell Biology (Eddy et al.) found that women tend to enter life sciences programs at much higher rates than they enter other science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines. In fact, women earn nearly 60 percent of all bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees in biology.

The National Science Foundation further reported in 2013 that biology is the fastest growing undergraduate major among minority women.

Because of its 90-year history as a top aerospace engineering university, Embry-Riddle works hard to recruit women students, Gaines said. We hope the new aerospace physiology program will initially draw more women to that program, and over time, draw a broader mix of students to all of our other programs, too.

For more information, visit erau.edu/degrees/bachelor/aerospace-physiology.

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Embry-Riddle to debut program in aerospace physiology | Daytona ... - Daytona Times