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Human Behavior

Maybe the Torah is just trying to teach us stuff: Readers respond to tirade about Toldot – Forward

This is an adaptation of Looking Forward, a weekly email from our editor-in-chief sent on Friday afternoons. Sign up here to get the Forwards free newsletters delivered to your inbox.

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Maybe Rebecca was not deviously plotting a coup to help one son over the other, but strategically trying to show her husband that both their boys had strengths to celebrate. Maybe Isaacs fathering flaws are rooted in the fact that his own father almost sacrificed him at the altar. Maybe I shouldnt view biblical characters through a 21st century lens of privilege and hyper-parenting.

These were among a flood of insights that readers shared in response to last weeks newsletter, titled The Torah is not a parenting manual. It was all about the struggle Ive been having with Toldot, the Torah portion in which Rebecca helps Jacob steal the birthright and then the blessing of his twin, Esau, tricking their father, Isaac, in the process.

It was the first time Ive written a full column about a Torah portion and more of you read it than read any other one since I started this weekly thing 18 months ago. Im not quitting journalism to go to rabbi school or anything, but I thought Id embrace the Talmudic tradition of give-and-take and devote this weeks newsletter to your thoughts on this classic story of family dysfunction.

The Jewish way is to question, Rabbi Hillel Adler of the Consortium for Jewish Day Schools wrote me in an email. Indeed. Thank you for your questions and answers.

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One of the first, and most thoughtful, emails I got last Friday was from Marsha Mirkin, who literally wrote the book or at least a book on how we might relate to Rebeccas parenting choices: The Women Who Danced by the Sea: Finding Ourselves in the Stories of our Biblical Foremothers, published in 2004.

I saw the story as dealing with favoritism and limitations that get in the way of growth and connection, Mirkin said. She noted that the word love is rare in the Torah but present in this chapter, and argued that Rebecca is not so much tricking Isaac into picking her favorite, Jacob, but lovingly nudging Isaac to not totally ignore Jacob.

As a mother of twins, I had argued that Rebeccas overt favoritism of Jacob without regard to the impact on Esau was impossible to imagine. But I found Mirkins take totally relatable. Of course a loving mother would be concerned if her husband seemed to seriously favor one twin; of course she would try to show him the others merits in hopes of giving both their best shot at good lives.

My understanding: Your father took you and was going to sacrifice you when you were young. Dont make that mistake with your son Jacob, explained Mirkin, a psychologist who specializes in families and was a resident scholar at Brandeis University.

Throughout, she shows Isaac something about this ignored son, she added. Twins have different personalities as you experienced and Rebecca was wise, and she and Isaac had a special, close relationship. I think Esau and Jacob both were blessed in ways that fit who they could become based on their individual personalities.

Courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

A Flemish tapestry depicting Toldot, in which Esau sells his birthright to Jacob.

Mirkin was one of several people to raise the Binding of Isaac as important context for the Toldot story, something our rabbi, Marc Katz, also talked a lot about as he helped our twins study the portion for their bnei mitzvah last year. Dont you think Isaac behaves as he does because his psyche was damaged by his father, who, to prove his love for God, agreed to sacrifice him? asked a reader named Randi Hacker. That is some deep trauma to have to live with.

For sure. Who am I to imagine how the untreated PTSD from that episode plays out?

Roberta Gold, who has taught literature for more than 30 years, compared our endless re-reading of the Torah to the study of Shakespearean classics even students who know how Romeo & Juliet ends, she said, are on the edge of their seats and hope the lovers wont die. Every reading brings a new revelation about how and why the tragedy plays out.

The stories in Torah, like all classics of literature, remain classic because they reveal universal truths of human nature that do not change over time, Gold reminded me. You wanted Rebecca to be a role-model mother of twins because you want to be a role model. But you missed the point. Rebeccas flaw of unequal love and favoritism is all too human.

Rebecca is a legitimate matriarch because the Torah does not expect perfection, she continued. The characters seem larger than life, but though there are miracles, they are largely people of this (highly flawed) world.

Nina Mogilnik also found me totally unfair to Rebecca. She particularly chastised me for suggesting that if Rebecca were a normal mom who loved both her twins she might have tried to challenge and change the rules. Mogilnick found this breathtaking, kind of condescending and reflecting some kind of cockeyed chutzpah, and said I was inappropriately viewing the tale through a contemporary lens of suburban-mom privilege.

What on earth do you even mean by normal mom? demanded Mogilnik, who has written for The Jewish Week, the Times of Israel and the Forward, among other places. Is it normal to strive to push your kids to achieve certain kinds of success? Is it normal to prize academic achievement? Is it normal to brag about children? Is it normal to struggle with post-partum depression and still get up off the floor to feed and clothe your kids? Is it normal sometimes to hate your children? To regret having them? Your definition of normal seems to proscribe all kinds of attitudes and behaviors that are endemic to the human condition.

Point taken. I hate the word normal and should never have used it. After getting Mogilnicks note, I rewrote the sentence in the website version of the column to say if she was a mom who wanted the best for both her twins. But Mogilnick also had more to say about Rebecca as both a role model and a realistically flawed character like all of us.

One could argue that Rebecca showed extraordinary courage in essentially demanding of God that God answer why she was made to suffer with quarreling fetuses, and to demand to know if having this strife between her children was her purpose, she wrote.

I am not excusing the discomfort of reading of a mother who clearly favors one child over another, and a father who offers a stingy blessing to the disliked son, Mogilnick continued. At least I have the humility to know that parenting is brutally hard work, that my kids havent lived long enough yet to know everything they think they know, and that the best I can do as their mother is love them to the best of my ability, and equip them to go out into the world and be better than I am.

Actually, that sums up my parenting philosophy almost exactly.

And there was yet more wisdom in my inbox:

From Michael Klayman: I feel Rebeccas pain, because what she did she did for the nation, and not for her family specifically. It must have been excruciatingly difficult for her.

From Susanna Levin: I know a rabbi who says that Genesis (which he calls the book of communications) teaches by showing examples of how not to parent.

David Rubin: Jacob gets his comeuppance big time. He has to spend years running for his life. Laban tricks him just as he was tricked. Then, his sons lied to him (tricked him) when they lied about Joseph. But, in every instance of dishonest and deceptive dealing, the tricky person pays for it in the end.

trobador@aol.com: These books contain archetypal legends, and perhaps a bit of ancestral memory, but the frequently savage ethics of the protagonists are nothing for us modern-day Jews to boast about.

Harriett Epstein: This is real human behavior we are reading not Father or Mother Knows Best.

Rabbi Adler, who I quoted above saying the Jewish way is to question a phrase I particularly love given my chosen career responded to Rabbi Katzs quote about the Torah not being a parenting manual with, of course, a series of questions: Is the Torah a guide on morals? Is the Torah a manual for marriage and relationships? Is the Torah a history book? Is the Torah a book on theology?

Maybe the Torah is just trying to teach us stuff, he concluded.

Sounds right to me. Thanks for helping make that real.

Maybe the Torah is just trying to teach us stuff: Readers respond to tirade about Toldot

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Maybe the Torah is just trying to teach us stuff: Readers respond to tirade about Toldot - Forward

Human Behavior

The ‘Cornbread Mafia’: Day one of the Summer Wells case on Dr. Phil – Johnson City Press (subscription)

The parents of missing 5-year-old Summer Wells were not given time on Dr. Phils stage, in person, during the first of two episodes the television show has titled The Disappearance of Summer Wells.

Airing Thursday, the first hour-long episode only showed Summers parents, Don Wells and Candus Bly, in pre-recorded videos. The shows host, Phil McGraw, Ph.D, instead spoke onstage with two men he described as body language or human behavior analysts.

Near the opening of the show, some video footage showed Don Wells driving through what appeared to be the Beech Creek community of Hawkins County, near the Sullivan County line in the Lone Star Road area.

As Wells spoke about June 15, the day Summer was reported missing by her parents, he pulled into an grassy area near Ben Hill Road, site of the familys home and where Summer was reported last seen by family members.

Wells said hed hurried home after Bly phoned him at work to say she couldnt find Summer, and arrived to see family and neighbors searching the area.

My heart sunk because I knew she was abducted, Wells said into the camera. I knew she was gone.

McGraw said Summers parents, like many people today who want to spread word quickly, turned to social media soon after their daughter was reported missing and while finding some support, also became targets of bullying, accusations, and threats.

The couple agreed to meet with body language analysts in what was presented to them as a way to help prove those online naysayers wrong, McGraw said.

The Dr. Phil Show website describes the two men as interrogators who have worked with the FBI, law enforcement and the military and have been referred to as a human lie detector.

The bulk of Thursdays show was devoted to clips from that meeting, which was videotaped near the familys home, and some blow-by-blow breakdowns of how McGraw and the two analysts interpreted the couples answers and physical reactions.

At one point a clip showed Wells answering the analysts questions about what he thinks happened to Summer, saying She was kidnapped.

McGraw red-flagged that, saying it was a departure from the earlier-used abducted. One of the analysts said kidnapping infers a transactional event.

Early in the show a clip was shown of Bly breaking down during the interview, crying and complaining that she felt interrogated and wanted to stop. She was shown removing the microphone attached to her clothing and leaving the room.

The three also weighed in on a clip edited down to Summers mothers answering no to three quickly-fired questions: Did she hurt Summer; does she know what happened to Summer; and does she know who took her daughter.

McGraw and the analysts, who agree they could easily be mistaken for law enforcement officers, drew attention to and replayed the portion of the tape of Bly saying no three times, once for each question. The three men specifically noted the third no was said in a lower voice after a slight side-to-side headshake.

Asked later what she thinks should happen to the person who took Summer, Bly paused before saying they should be put away for life. McGraw and the analysts said the pause raised questions for them.

Then it was pointed out she raised one eyebrow while thinking about her answer, which the analysts interpreted as her not being sure what she should say.

Later, McGraw and the analysts went back to the taped scene where Bly broke down crying and left, to reveal what shed been asked just before she lost her composure.

The two analysts had asked the couple if they thought the Cornbread Mafia could be involved in Summers disappearance.

Summers father said hed heard of something called the hillbilly mafia, but he and his family had tried to stay clear of them.

McGraw explained to his shows viewers that Cornbread Mafia is a colloquialism used to describe a grass-roots crime syndicate in Tennessee.

McGraw and the analysts replayed the video clip and said the mention of the Cornbread Mafia coincided with the beginning of Bly frowning, then beginning to cry, and said it showed she having a strong emotional reaction which could be anything from fear to guilt to pain. Her actions, they said, were signs of insulating and running.

After Bly said she felt like she was being interrogated and wanted not to continue the interview, Wells tied to calm her, saying the men were asking the questions to try and help find Summer.

Its not helping me, she said.

Before the final commercial break, about 50 minutes into the one-hour show, McGraw told viewers that the parents in-person appearance was next up. When the break was over, McGraw told the audience were out of time and said to tune in tomorrow to see whether the couple show up and if they do, whether Summers mother will stay onstage throughout McGraws questioning or leave the room.The show will air locally at 4 p.m. today on WJHL, showed Bly on the Dr. Phil set being asked about what happened to Summer.

I have no idea what happened, Bly said.

McGraw said he doesnt believe Bly began looking for Summer or called Wells as quickly as the two-to-three minutes Wells said that she said, calling it inconsistent with everything hes seen.

I do not have a hyper-vigilant mom here, McGraw said.

McGraw said he wasnt accusing Bly of wrong-doing, but it doesnt add up and when things dont add up he has questions.

The show was taped weeks ago. Summers parents have been contractually bound not to talk about their appearance prior to the shows airdates.

The rest is here:
The 'Cornbread Mafia': Day one of the Summer Wells case on Dr. Phil - Johnson City Press (subscription)

Human Behavior

When Students Feel Helpless, Here’s How to Empower Them (Opinion) – Education Week

This is the first in a three-part series on the legacy of psychologist Albert Bandura, who wrote Ask a Psychologist pieces on self-efficacy and teaching moral behavior.

How do I help students feel like they have potential?

Young people need to believe their actions can make a difference for their future. Heres something I wrote recently about the topic for Character Lab as a Tip of the Week:

When Al Bandura died in July, he was 95 years old and among the most eminent psychologists in history.

In the year before his death, Al and I began a lively correspondenceby phone calls, email, and once via U.S. mail.

So much of what Al spent his career studyingand his own life exemplifyingis what all young people need in order to fulfill their dreams and their potential: personal agency.

What is agency? The conviction that you shape your own future.

What is the opposite of agency? Believing that youre helpless to make your dreams come true. Seeing yourself in lifes passenger seat, likely on a trajectory you dont like and didnt choose.

How did Al become so fascinated with agency? Early in his career, Al told me, he was a clinical psychologist working with patients with phobias. He noticed that fear is self-perpetuating. A patient who was afraid of heights, for example, would take pains to avoid skyscrapers, airplanes, or even stairwellsand thus never learn to overcome their fear.

And its not so much the fear and the rumination that are the problem, Al told me. Its believing youre helpless to change your emotions and thoughts. Thats the real problem.

In an experiment that would become the foundation of his theory of human behavior, Al showed that snake phobias could be cured by what he called guided-mastery treatment. This approach combines two active ingredients. First, the therapist models a desired behavior in response to a challenge (e.g., calmly looking at a photograph of a snake). Second, the therapist progressively ratchets up the level of challenge, ending with actually handling a live snake. The process is collaborative right up until the end, when the patient learns to manage challenges entirely on their own.

And do you know why I knew this was really important? Al asked me.

I didnt.

Because months and months later, some of the people in that study came back to see me in my Stanford office, he said. Not only were they still freed from their debilitating fear of snakes, they had a sense of resilience and efficacy in other areas of their lives as well. They had a sense of agency theyd never known before.

For parents and teachers, theres a profound lesson in this classic psychology research. And it is this: Young people need both challenge and support to develop confidence. We can neither solve all their problems for them nor expect them to grow without scaffolding.

Dont tell anyone they have complete control of their destiny. Thats not true. And yet each of us, no matter our circumstances, has some control, particularly over our own thoughts and actions.

Do provide training wheels. It may seem paradoxical, but the young person in your life needs your help to develop a sense of personal agency. They need you to nudge them to try things that scare them a little. When still finding their balance, they need your steady hand. And when theyre ready, they need you to let go, so they can pedal on their own.

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When Students Feel Helpless, Here's How to Empower Them (Opinion) - Education Week

Human Behavior

Major Push Expected This Weekend in Search for Missing Seattle Firefighter – bigcountrynewsconnection.com

A major push is expected this weekend in the search for a missing Seattle firefighter who has been missing in a remote corner of Kittitas County for 10 days.

Seattle Deputy Fire Chief Jay Schreckengost was reported missing on Nov. 2 while scouting elk hunting locations near Cliffdell. Over the last 10 days, multiple agencies from across the region have mobilized in the search for Schreckengost, with daily searches averaging over 100 volunteers. The search is complicated by the steep terrain in the area, which is accessed by state Route 410, as well as snowy conditions at the altitude the search areas is located within.

Kittitas County Sherriffs Office Inspector Chris Whitsett said Thursdays search began before dawn, with search and rescue teams completing their briefing at Whistlin Jack Lodge prior to making the trek to the search area.

Weve got members of the incident command structure, including experts in operations, logistics, and planning, he said. All these people get together and coordinate all their assignments before deciding how to best distribute the resources on any given day.

As the search stretches into its second week, Whitsett said search and rescue teams have become intimately aware of the nuances within the search area, which is parceled out to effectively cover on foot. A search and rescue vehicle from King County contains a state planning team who work on mapping the search area in the push to allocate resources.

To aid in the effectiveness of search teams, Verizon and T-Mobile donated mobile cellular towers to provide coverage in the area, which would normally have none. Whitsett said a relay has been placed in the search area to extend the coverage for the teams on the ground.

They lent these from their own corporate resources, and were not paying a thing for it, he said. Otherwise, there would be zero cell signal.

CHALLENGING LOGISTICS

At the muster point for the search and rescue teams, Whitsett estimated the altitude to be approximately 2,300 feet. Although the center of the search area is approximately three miles from the muster point as the crow flies, he said teams must drive approximately 10 miles of dirt roads to access the area.

In those 10 miles, you gain almost 3,000 feet, he said. Youve got a significant elevation gain.

Whitsett said approximately 50 volunteers were working the search area on Thursday, a lower number he attributed to some crew members taking a break before what he expects to be a major push over the weekend.

Everybody has to take a down day at some point, he said. Weve had to start cycling our people out and telling them they have to take a day off, because people break if you dont do that. Last weekend on Saturday, we had over 150 people. On the weekend, a lot of search and rescue volunteers are able to come from all over the state.

With the KCSO leading the search, Whitsett said the partnerships forged between various agencies throughout the state for the effort to locate Schreckengost are critical, especially since search and rescue resources arent available at the state level.

The state relies on counties, and sheriffs offices are primarily responsible for search and rescue operations, he said. The state provides a support apparatus for the counties, and as this in our county, the incident command structure falls under our sheriffs office.

TRAINED EXPERTS

Although he said the KCSO has gotten immense feedback from residents wanting to help in the search process, Whitsett stressed that search and rescue crews are highly trained in the skills needed to conduct an operation of this magnitude, especially as it pertains to the challenging terrain and weather conditions in the search area.

The 153 people that came on last Saturday, every one of them has worked with, has trained with, and is certified under a formal search and rescue organization, he said. There are several benefits to that. There are liability and safety issues, and they know how to work a search.

Whitsett said team incident and operations commanders are also rotated out throughout the search to give team members a break during the grueling search effort.

There is a benefit to having continuity and having the same person the whole time, but its just not sustainable for anyone, he said.

Over the past 10 days, Whitsett said the incident command team has shifted between distinct phases in the search for Schreckengost. In the first days of the search, he said a team goal was to cover as much ground as possible. In recent days, he said that goal has shifted towards a more meticulous search with the understanding that Schreckengost has most likely taken shelter, making his location potentially more difficult to locate, especially when fresh snow falls in the search area.

He could be very well hidden, Whitsett said. Were going slower and using continual intelligence analysis from the planning folks that have expertise in human behavior in crises, who have studied what people do in survival situations like this. In cooperation with people who know this area, they help us to target where we focus, and then we go over those areas with a fine-toothed comb.

With Schreckengosts family on the ground participating in the search process, Whitsett said the search and rescue efforts will continue indefinitely.

Everybody who knows Chief Schreckengost has told us he has the personal resources and the training to know how to take care of himself in a crisis, he said. We have as much hope as we possibly can that hes been able to do that in this situation.

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Major Push Expected This Weekend in Search for Missing Seattle Firefighter - bigcountrynewsconnection.com

Human Behavior

Typing into the void: The joy of one-sided conversations with K-pop idols – Digital Trends

I watched yourJejuisland video! It looked like a very relaxing time. Thank you for your vlogs, theyre so much fun!

I recently sent this message to someone who probably wont ever see it, and absolutely will never reply directly to it. Yet it made me smile, it brought me happiness, and I do it most days. Before you ask, no, Im not stalking anyone. Its through an app that offers Direct Message-style conversation with K-pop idols, and its just one example of a growing number of apps that are connecting us to others, many of whom would normally be inaccessible, in very different ways.

Why would anyone invest time and money in a one-sided conversation? Is this illusion of intimacy the ultimate in fandom, or saddening evidence of loneliness only encouraged by addictive online services and the coronavirus pandemic? I think Im close enough to the subject to offer some insight and help you understand, but in order to really dig deep into why apps like these are gaining popularity, I also asked some experts.

If youre not a fan of K-pop or Japanese idols, you probably havent heard of DearUs Bubble with Stars, which is the app I use, or other similar apps like Universe and Weverse. For around $4 per star per month, I receive around a dozen messages a day from former global girl group IZ*ONE members Kang Hyewon and Kim Minju.

Their messages mostly detail the minutiae of life, like what they had for dinner, how work went, and what the weather is like in Seoul, while also revealing more of their personalities through jokes and comments. You could be forgiven for mistaking this feed for Twitter or Instagram, except these apps are not open to the general public. In fact, most of the apps repeatedly warn against sharing the posts made by artists outside of the app on other social networks, under penalty of permanent bans. Thats why we arent showing you actual message examples here.

Instead, its all presented like a messaging app directly connecting you with an idol. You see a scrollable stream of individual messages and images, some of which are even personalized, like Andy, what are you doing today? You can type out replies to messages and add emojis and stickers. Its just like messaging with your friends.

If the artist is engaged with the app and really understands how to use it, the illusion of directly messaging with them is utterly convincing. But it is still an illusion. The artist is not actually messaging you directly and when you reply, they will probably never read that message. And sorry, but on Bubble, you will never get a real, personal reply sent only to you. Although it may look and feel like a personal exchange, its absolutely not.

None of this is a secret to users. According to Bubbles developer, messages are sent by the idol, but they are not notified of any replies and cannot then send messages to one subscriber. However, replies are stored in a global inbox that can be accessed by the idol, giving a glimmer of hope a message may be read at some point. I know all this, but it doesnt bother me. Im also acutely aware that for those who arent fans, it must seem completely ridiculous. But theres more to it than you think.

I expect theres a good chance you are questioning why someone would want to have an entirely one-sided conversation, and actually pay for the privilege. Every time I send a reply through Bubble, the same question enters my mind. What do I get out of it? I talked about how relatively mundane the chat messages are, and this is actually part of the appeal, but its also connected to what it means to be a fan.

For me, I love the way the artists I follow reference things only a fan really understands, let you in on little jokes, and shares surprisingly personal aspects of their lives. She shares the good parts of her day, and I can reply by saying how good she was in her music show, or in her latest video. Its friendly, supportive, and heartwarming. Its common to receive messages of encouragement too, and because they are often personalized it feels surprisingly special. There are even times where you distinctly get the feeling the artist has read at least some of the replies, due to comments about the conversation made by other fans on Twitter.

The closeness that comes from using these apps is a strong aspect of idol fandom, and to get more perspective, I connected with Nathanial Vibar, a 26-year-old nurse and a fan of Japanese idol group Sakurazaka46, over Twitter to better understand why he sends replies through that groups messaging app.

This is our only way of giving back some of the happiness they bring into our lives,he told me. You do it because you want them to know that theres always someone out there supporting them and watching them grow.

Thismutualexchange of supportfor happinessis acommon threadinidol fandom, butalso of fandom generally.Why do we cheer for bands at concerts?Were expressing how happy they make us, even if we never expect them to spot us individually in the crowdand recognize us.Having an app where youexpress support to an artist, regardless of whether they see the note or not,accomplishes the same thingin a digital venue.

Nathanial gave me an example of what this looks like day-to-day for him. A few weeks ago it was an important anniversary for the group, and [a member of the group] asked in the app for replies from fans, Nathanial says. On that day in particular, I was feeling very sentimental, so I ended up sending her a very nicely worded message about how seeing her up on stage makes me happy. Even though I might not ever hear back from her, the chance that she might see the message and it brings a smile to her face gives me a warm feeling.

Reading fun messages and sending supportive repliesexplains the surface-levelappealofthese apps, but could there be a deeper meaning? I put the question of what it means to have one-sided conversations like these toRebecca Lockwood, Positive Psychology and Master Neuro-linguistic Programming Coach, who didnt pull any punches about her opinion on why someone may do this.

The need to feel significant in life can create the desire to connect with idols and people that we look up to, she wroteviaemail. The need for connection and to feel important can drive people to different kinds of behaviors and actions to try to fulfill it. It is an attempt to fill a need that is empty.

Put this way it doesnt sound like much fun, yet in my own experience, it is fun. Insight and Innovation Executive Natasha Kingdon from theLAB Group, a digital agency specializing in human behavior,believes there are benefits to this type of relationship.

Research has found that forming connections with stars, eventhroughone-sided relationships, can help those with low self-esteem find a support network or kinship that theycan notfind elsewhere, she explained via email.This need to fit in can be attributed to social identity theory,where affiliation with a group actually boosts self-esteem. The benefits of being part of a group (in this case a fandom) creates positivity and confidence in who they are, even without proper responses. The messages that are sent to the K-pop idol are almost secondary to the benefits that come out of being part of the group.

In my experience, K-pop fans are always welcoming and friendly. Positivity is almost as much a part of K-pop fandom as the idols themselves. K-pop groups also tend to organize themselves very effectively, and the group will usually give fans acollective name, further emphasizing the tribal aspect. Forexamplefans on IZ*ONE are known as WIZ*ONE, fans of the group Twice are known as Once, and BTS has its Army. However, Kingdon explained how it could also go a lot deeper than simply wanting to bepart of something.

In aCOVIDworld,there is less face-to-face interaction in real life than ever before. This is especially the case with single-bubble households across the world. With workplaces previously being a reliably social aspect of peoples days, new work-from-home policies becoming the norm has meant any form of interaction, virtual or non-human, is still beneficial.

Ive spent an inordinate amount of time on my own the last 18 months, at least compared to 2019 and before, so this does make some sense. However, its definitely not the only reason I send these messages. Being a supportive fan, as Nathanial described, is just as important to me. For fans who do seek a genuine sense of connection, some apps make it possible to go that step further.

While Bubble, Universe, and others like it all digitally connect you to a real person, you dont get any back-and-forth conversation. But you can if you replace the real person with finely tuned Artificial Intelligence (A.I.). Chatbots and other A.I. creations offer a sense of connection for users who cant, or dont want to, connect with real people.

TakeXiaoice, a massively popular A.I.-powered chatbot with an estimated user base of 660 million people. WhenSixth Tone spoke to people who regularly converse with Xiaoice, some described themselves as introverted and with low self-esteem, echoing Kingdons words, but all also talked about how Xiaoice provides comfort and companionship they cannot get from anyone else.

This need to connect, possibly when the ability to do so isnt an option in real life, is also a big draw of Gatebox, a smart home product along the lines of Google Home and Google Nest. Its due to Azuma Hikari, an A.I. character who lives inside the device. In addition to being virtually in your home, she can also communicate with you by message app. Like Xiaoice, the conversation is light and friendly, but with an intimacy people may not find elsewhere. I wanted to create something I could love, Gatebox CEO Minori Takechi said about the character.

To me, sending one-sided messages to an idol and sending messages to a chatbot arent all that different, and they arent if we listen to the psychologists, either. That both apps generate an emotional response, just like social media, does raise concerns over the effect they have on our mental health though. Internal research from Facebook recently revealed how Instagram has harmed body image for teenage girls in particular, and the harmful effects of infinite scrolling and social media are well documented. Unfortunately, Kingdon suggests similar issues may arise from the use of messaging apps like Bubble with Stars and Xiaoice.

Messages that come through could be interpreted as small rewards, which in turn release small amounts of dopamine. This creates an addiction to the phone messages and dopamine, creating a ludic loop. A ludic loop is when you repeat the same activity because your brain knows occasionally it will generate dopamine the reward, Kingdon explains. This can create unhealthy habits of expectancy and phone and app dependency, as well as being used as a substitute for face-to-face interactions which have been shown to have many positive benefits for mental health.

If chatbots and idol apps are fueled by a cocktail of pandemic loneliness, celebrity worship, and the addictive properties of social media, should we be concerned? Well, only if we focus on the negatives. In an essay for ThoughtCo, psychologist Cynthia Vinney wrote that parasocial relationships, the term given to one-sided connections with someone, are normal and psychologically healthy, and can lead to better real-life social interactions. A 2008 University of Buffalo study showed parasocial relationships can actually help improve self-esteem.

The last 18 months have changed our relationship with technology in many ways, whether its upgrading computer systems for home working, getting to grips with Zoom calls, or streaming movies rather than watching them in the theater. I see apps like Bubble with Stars and theparasocialrelationships they propagate as a continuation of this, just one thats little understood.

Yes, they are definitely the ultimate expression of fandom. But they also seem to help people cope with loneliness and low self-esteem. For me, I like getting messages from Minju and Hyewon. They are always fun, positive, and supportive, always make me smile or laugh, and are never confrontational or emotionally upsetting like social media can be. With those benefits, suddenly the time and money involved seem like a wise investment.

And yes, before you ask, I will send a Bubble message to both the idols telling them about writing this article.

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Typing into the void: The joy of one-sided conversations with K-pop idols - Digital Trends

Anatomy

Retired Anatomy Professor Conducted Live Autopsy Against Family’s Wishes – MedPage Today

In the 20th century, people could go to a city expo and see the Great Houdini perform magic tricks or Babe Ruth hammer baseballs.

This year, those attending the Oddities and Curiosities Expo in Portland, Oregon witnessed a retired anatomy professor conduct an autopsy on a cadaver. The live event was hosted by Death Science in a hotel ballroom in October, and tickets went for as much as $500. Neither the deceased nor his family gave permission for his body to be exhibited. What's more: he died from COVID-19, and potentially exposed attendees.

The body of David Saunders, 98, was given to a Baton Rouge, Louisiana funeral home after he died earlier this year. The body was then handed over to Med Ed Labs, a for-profit medical body broker based in Las Vegas, because his family asked for his corpse to be donated to science.

Med Ed Labs sold the cadaver to Death Science. Colin Henderson, a former University of Montana anatomy professor, conducted the autopsy over a few hours. It is unclear how many students or other medical personnel were in attendance.

"We will be observing a forensic autopsy on a full human cadaver. Death Science's medical professionals will be guiding us through a formal autopsy. From the external body exam to the removal of vital organs including the brain, we will find new perspectives on how the human body can tell a story. There will be several opportunities for attendees to get an up close and personal look at the cadaver," an event description stated.

Med Ed Labs did not expect Death Science to use the cadaver in this manner, the company said in a statement emailed to MedPage Today on Friday. Death Science "deceived us repeatedly stating the donor they requested would be utilized solely for educational anatomical dissection instructing academic students, paramedics, and personnel within forensic pathology fields. We had absolutely no prior knowledge that any donor provided by our network of surgical facilities would be used as part of the 'Oddities Expo' and explicitly no knowledge that people would be paying to attend a show," the company wrote.

"We were then utterly dismayed and horrified to hear from the Washington and Multnomah County (Oregon) Medical Examiners later in October that they had investigated Death Science and found the entity to be fraudulently representing itself as an accredited collegiate training program qualified in forensic pathology providing law enforcement Death Investigation Certificates," Med Ed Labs continued.

However, Death Science disputed this. Med Ed Labs was aware of the plans, Jeremy Ciliberto, Death Science founder and online personality, told KING 5. He called it "an educational event ... that allows the students to explore the body in a much more intimate way" and de-stigmatizes death. "This is not a sideshow. This is very professional."

Wrote Med Ed Labs: "All protocols and procedures were followed regarding handling the donor with utmost respect including draping over identifiable traits and limiting exposure."

Med Ed Labs gives families their loved ones' cremated remains in exchange for the donated body. The company "helps ease the process of planning and executing surgical and medical training events/labs," according to its website. "Attendees will be medical personnel, students, and residents" from surgical specialties.

Med Ed Labs also trains frontline healthcare workers and first responders, and has been supplying personal protective equipment during the pandemic. The company has more than 80 "medical training" facilities internationally, primarily in the U.S.

"There is no way to attain the skills necessary to become an excellent surgeon without having operated on cadavers at some point. That's what these cadaver training sessions offer," the website states.

Ciliberto has paid Med Ed Labs more than $10,000 per cadaver, according to KING 5. "Any concerns about the cadaver have always been addressed by the lab," he noted. "I am the host." Ciliberto said that he is planning to hold more "pay-per-view" autopsies.

Henderson, who was once nominated as a "student wellness advocate" by the University of Montana's Curry Health Center, was "simply hired to conduct the forensic dissection," Ciliberto added. He had more than 40 years' teaching experience, Med Ed Labs said. MedPage Today could not find any other credible background information about Henderson, including a medical degree.

The Oddities and Curiosities Expo confirmed that it did not organize the medical event in an email to MedPage Today. Contrary to reports, Med Ed Lab's statement, and the event page, the Expo also noted that it did not host the event.

A similar November event organized by Death Science was canceled in Seattle, after authorities and KING 5 News started asking questions.

"We feel that this was not respectful and certainly not ethical," Kimberly DiLeo, chief deputy medical examiner in Multnomah County, Oregon, told KING 5.

Med Ed Labs returned the body to the funeral home, the company said, and is working with Portland investigators "to help avoid this tragedy from recurring."

Death Science did not return a request for comment.

Dr. Henderson could not be reached for comment.

Last Updated November 08, 2021

Ryan Basen reports for MedPages enterprise & investigative team. He often writes about issues concerning the practice and business of medicine, nurses, cannabis and psychedelic medicine, and sports medicine. Send story tips to r.basen@medpagetoday.com. Follow

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Retired Anatomy Professor Conducted Live Autopsy Against Family's Wishes - MedPage Today

Anatomy

The Anatomy of New Hugs – The New York Times

Welcome. The holidays approach, and with them, the excitement tinged with concern weve come to associate with get-togethers in the pandemic. This year, vaccinations affect the calculations. Were titrating our levels of anticipation and anxiety as we work out what a Thanksgiving gathering looks like in 2021. Indoors or out? Masked or not? Buffet or family-style? How many guests? How close will we sit? What will we talk about? What wont we talk about?

If youre planning to see friends and family for the holidays, youll probably need to negotiate what I recently called The New Hug, the sometimes-awkward way we greet each other now. I asked last week about the changes your own hugs and handshakes have undergone. Heres what you said. (Responses have been edited for length and clarity.)

I like to call The New Hug Hey Buddy. This hug is done with one arm extended over the shoulder of the recipient to give a little squeeze as both parties face the same direction. I havent actually initiated this hug but I have been the recipient so many times I am guessing its catching on. Michele Medina, Daytona Beach, Fla.

New Hug? No thanks. Im taking advantage of these times to (finally) be honest and tell people I dont want to hug, and it feels good. Some of its about specific people I dont want to hug, but Im just extending it to everybody so it wont be awkward. Most of my friends arent huggers anyway, so its working out well. Elizabeth Fox, Campbell, Calif.

What mainly changed for me is the smile around the eyes, since the lower part of our faces are now mostly hidden away to keep each other safe. I share more squinting and smiling eyes with people I interact with, be it in the park on my walks, with the people at the bakery, my neighbors. After all, smiles dont cost a thing but it can change someones day to the better! And from all the smiles I receive in return, I really feel like this is The New Hug for me. Regina Mayr, London

My version of The New Hug has been at first asking Are you doing hugs?, or May I give you a hug? When I receive an affirmation, my body as it comes into contact rolls off to one side, my head turned away from the receivers face. Its a shorter version than The Before Hug, and more of a gesture than an actual physical connection. It does not feel like The Real Deal Hug. For now, it will suffice. Kari Wishingrad, Anacortes, Wash.

My new handshake is baking goods for my loved and treasured ones, to provide some small measure of comfort and sustenance. Maria D. Medina-Whitfield, Slidell, La.

Check out this article about time millionaires from The Guardian. A sample: The enforced downtime of the pandemic caused many of us to reassess our attitudes to work, and whether we might be able to lead less lucrative but more fulfilling lives.

Ric Robertsons Getting Over Our Love is one of those new songs that feels like an old song. I had the sense that I knew it by heart the first time I heard it. Have a listen.

I spent a surprising amount of time perusing the U.S.P.S.s Postal Facts site, where I learned, among many other tidbits sure to help me in some future bar trivia contest, that Abraham Lincoln was a postmaster early in his career. Fascinating!

What are you planning for Thanksgiving? Will you gather in person? Have a virtual feast? Travel, stay at home? Tell us: athome@nytimes.com. Be sure to include your full name and location and we might feature your response in a future newsletter. Were At Home and Away. Well read every letter sent. And of course youll find more ideas for passing the time below.

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The Anatomy of New Hugs - The New York Times

Anatomy

The Anatomy of a Disaster Response – Direct Relief

It was early on a Saturday morning in August, but a Direct Relief WhatsApp chat thread was lighting up.

A staffer had seen emerging reports of a magnitude 7.2 earthquake striking in the south of Haiti, and raised the alarm. Emergency Response Director Dan Hovey, still drinking his morning coffee, began thinking quickly.

First and foremost, he feared an event as catastrophic as the 2010 earthquake that struck near Port-au-Prince, killing more than 220,000 people and triggering a series of secondary catastrophes that continue to affect Haiti to this day. That was the first thought, he said.

Direct Relief swung into action, reaching out to existing partners to see who was affected by the early morning earthquake, and what support they needed.

The earthquake was the most recent event in a long chain of instability affecting Haiti. In July of this year, the countrys president was assassinated. The summer had seen a deadly surge of Covid-19 and shortages of even the most basic medical supplies. Gang activity and economic instability were rife.

All these things meant that another catastrophe would be harder to respond to and recover from. But it also meant that Direct Relief was already working closely with organizations on the ground, from a hospital in the quake zone to maternal health care providers.

Our response started before the earthquake, because Haitis been dealing with multiple and compounding crises that have had severe impacts on the local health care system, Hovey said. These are people weve been working with for more than a decade. We know them well and understand the issues theyre facing on a daily basis.

Calls to existing partners yielded some good news. St. Boniface Hospital, a major health facility in the earthquake zone, was launching its response and had already seen an influx of patients injured during the quake. Locally Haiti, a community-based group near the epicenter, was responding as well. St. Luke Foundation for Haiti, another partner, had a team already in the area. Mobile medical teams were departing from the capital city of Port-au-Prince.

But there was bad news too. The one major road in and out of Haitis southern peninsula was all but blocked by damage and gang activity.

We knew from our experience responding to Hurricane Matthew in 2016, which affected this same region, that road access out to the Haitian peninsula would be limited, making this a complicated response logistically, Hovey recalled.

When a disaster strikes, Direct Relief has generally already begun responding. In anticipation of a calamity, the organization has caches of supplies that are designed for disaster response containing PPE, wound care items, antibiotics, and much more staged all over the world.

In this case, there were emergency medical modules in Port-au-Prince, which were quickly transported by medical teams to Haitis southern peninsula, and another at the UN Humanitarian Response Depot in Panama. Other supplies were nearby at Direct Reliefs Puerto Rico warehouse. And at the time of the earthquake, the organization had PPE and other medical supplies already en route to Haiti.

The emergency response teams first priority was deploying the emergency response modules as quickly as possible, arranging for them to be shipped and for partners on the ground to receive them. Designed to treat up to 1,000 people for 1 month following a disaster, Direct Reliefs Emergency Health Kits were among the first supplies to arrive in Haiti following the earthquake.

For Puerto Rico-based staffer Luis David Rodriguez, the earthquake brought another kind of challenge.

Direct Reliefs Puerto Rico warehouse is ideally positioned to serve as a disaster response hub for the Caribbean, which is at risk from hurricanes, earthquakes, and even volcanic eruptions. (The organization also responded to an eruption in St. Vincent and the Grenadines earlier this year.) In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, the emergency response team decided to send out seven pallets of PPE and emergency medical backpacks, designed for in-the-field use, from Puerto Rico and Rodriguez wanted to make sure it got safely to its destination.

We always like to come in contact with the partner, make sure the shipment gets into the right hands. To me personally, it was important, he said.

But with Covid-19 restrictions, he wasnt sure he was going to be able to accompany the shipment: I didnt know I was flying outuntil the day before.

Rodriguez had never been to Haiti. As he helped to unpack the boxes, he noted the U.S. Coast Guard and military helicopters landing in force at the airport. You have to get into Port-au-Prince and go through customs, he said of the process. Once the supplies had cleared, a team from St. Boniface Hospital prepared to transport them to the quake zone.

The first round was on its way. But Hovey knew from experience that emergency response involves a long-term strategy, not a quick fix. He and other Direct Relief staff contacted on-the-ground partners with curated lists of the relevant medical supplies currently in stock in Direct Reliefs warehouses and asked what they needed. The organization began reaching out to corporate donors, asking for the supplies that would be needed in upcoming weeks a list that included antibiotics, IV fluids, surgical supplies, anesthesia medications, and more.

The organizations corporate partners responded in force. Baxter provided a large donation of IV fluids. Pfizer sent requested antibiotics and other medications. Teva sent a range of essential and chronic disease medications; Merck provided pulmonary inhalers; and Eli Lilly supported Direct Reliefs Haiti response with a donation of much-needed human insulin.

In addition, three partners who were new to product donations with Direct Relief stepped up to help in the wake of the Haiti earthquake. Corza Medical offered sutures for orthopedic surgeries, which had been requested in the wake of the disaster. Integra contributed surgical supplies, and Organon offered medications for asthma and chronic disease.

Direct Relief staff started planning a large-scale charter flight, containing 164 double-stacked pallets of medical aid requested by partners working on the ground. The flight, donated by FedEx, contained multiple emergency medical modules, PPE, IV fluids, and a wide range of additional support.

Haiti is a young country more than half the population is under the age of 25, according to the World Population Review so a number of antibiotics and other medications were intended for pediatric patients. Wound care and crush injuries were still major concerns. Because so many medical facilities had been damaged, Direct Relief also provided durable tents for providers to treat patients and store supplies.

On-the-ground response following a disaster is expensive, and it needs to be flexible and fast. With that in mind, Direct Relief provided approximately $800,000 in emergency funding to partners that included St. Boniface, St. Luke Foundation for Haiti, Locally Haiti, and the NGO GHESKIO.

We committed undesignated emergency funds with the idea that more funding would follow from our donors, and fortunately it did, Hovey said.

And finally, as donations poured in from corporate partners, Direct Relief staff opened a dedicated online ordering portal that partners responding to the earthquake could use to procure needed medical supplies. Antibiotics, surgical and anesthesia medications, injectable cardiac medications, steroids, PPE, and chronic disease treatments were all on the list.

As far as emergency response operations go, according to Hovey, this one was successful and smooth: From our perspective, this is a pretty clean, ideal response, he said.

Currently, he said, most of the acute care needs caused by the earthquake, such as crush wounds, have faded. The problem is now medication and supply shortages, caused by damaged medical infrastructure and ongoing economic and political instability.

But Hovey emphasized that, when a large-scale disaster takes place, Direct Reliefs emergency response team thinks in terms of months and even years long after media attention has faded. As needs in Haiti have shifted in the three months since the earthquake, so too has the organizations response. Most recently, Direct Relief has provided or committed shipments of insulin, midwife kits, and Covid-19 therapies and rapid tests to the country.

Its something were going to continue focus on, for sure, Hovey said.

Since the earthquake struck, Direct Relief has provided more than $18 million worth of medical aid to organizations working in Haiti, with another $20.6 million committed. In addition, $795,000 in funding has been granted to on-the-ground groups.

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The Anatomy of a Disaster Response - Direct Relief

Anatomy

19 Moments From Season 17 Of "Grey’s Anatomy" That Emotionally Destroyed Us – BuzzFeed

As per usual, the show puts Meredith Grey through the wringer. After catching the coronavirus, Meredith spends most of the season in a dream state where she meets the ghosts of her past. ABC / Via giphy.com

So many people have died on this show.

Obviously, Meredith seeing the love of her life after five seasons is a highlight! We have to automatically make this one of the best moments, of course. Even when they're just looking at each other on the fantasy beach, you can tell that that sizzle between Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey is still there after all of these years. (Never mind the fact that the rest of the world has no way to communicate with Meredith...)

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 3

Meredith theorizes that if she dies, the people in her life will just go on. But George tells her that his mother still carries grief with her after all of these years.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 4

This moment just goes to show how up in the air Meredith's fate is and how much senseless and tragic suffering has come from this terrible pandemic.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 6

The amount of death on this show is gratuitous, suffice to say. At least DeLuca gets a beautiful sendoff, despite dying out of the blue from a stabbing.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 7

This moment is bittersweet, given that Meredith and Derek didn't know that she was pregnant with Ellis when he died. So now, she knows that he knows what their daughter is like.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 8

Hayes joins Meredith on the beach, telling her that her kids want her back. The writers certainly play around with the idea of Hayes and Meredith dating this season, and this moment certainly gives him brownie points.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 8

When her late sister asks her about her favorite thing, Meredith recalls a memory of Bailey planting his face in a cake to make everyone laugh. Honestly, we've needed more Lexie and Meredith moments like these!

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 10

This is no Derek Shepherd elevator proposal, but Winston's understated approach is actually quite romantic and effortless he really had her thinking that she was going to listen to a song when he got down on one knee!

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 10

Weirdly enough, with all the love and forgiveness between them, Owen and Teddy, formerly one of the most toxic relationships on the show, ends up being one of the healthiest this season. Honestly, this moment's even more swoon-worthy than Owen's fake snow proposal.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 11

As the protests over the tragic death of George Floyd fill Grey Sloan, Maggie becomes livid after hearing Winston get pulled over while on the road. After a scary and dehumanizing encounter with the police, Winston returns to Maggie.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 12

Barring their Post-It note vows, Meredith and Derek never had a fancy ceremony, giving their wedding, instead, to Alex and Izzie way back in season five. Derek just wants Meredith to promise him one thing: to torture herself less. And he doesn't want her to leave the kids, either.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 13

It happens right when Zola's briefing Meredith about life at home...and we know that there's nothing Mer loves more than her kids. I'm not crying, you're crying.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 13

Shockingly, Jackson decides to move to Boston and asks April and Harriet to come with him. Even more shockingly, April reveals that she and Matthew formally split. Finally, Jackson and April have their shot at a happily ever after! Was that so hard, Grey's Anatomy?

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 14

Jackson, despite officially leaving this season, miraculously makes it out alive. His farewell with Meredith is bittersweet. Meredith shares with him that her first impression of him was that he had a big name to live up to something Mer, the daughter of Ellis Grey, knows a thing or two about. They then also get to share a sweet moment escaping the clap-out as Jackson sneaks her home.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 15

His roomie Jo obviously HATES this, but it's very sweet of Schmitt to extend a hand to his friend, who's clearly having a hard time with burnout during the pandemic.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 15

Aware that she may not have the strength to perform many surgeries in the near future, Meredith happily agrees.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 16

Despite a flirty encounter with the cute doctor who administered his trial vaccine, Schmitt eventually goes home to Nico, who confesses that Schmitt changed him for the better.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 16.

After a fierce fight for Luna, Jo wins custody despite initially failing her background check. All it took was selling her shares of the hospital to Koracick and annoying the hell out of Bailey.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 17

Yes, she and Jackson technically sneak out during the first clap-out when she was finally discharged from the hospital after surviving COVID. But Bailey makes sure that Mer would get a proper hospital clap-out for successfully operating on Gerlie, a nurse and fellow COVID survivor.

When it happens: Season 17, Episode 17

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19 Moments From Season 17 Of "Grey's Anatomy" That Emotionally Destroyed Us - BuzzFeed

Anatomy

LSU Health rediscovers anatomy to correct co – EurekAlert

New Orleans, LA LSU Health New Orleans anatomists and their colleagues have shown that centuries-old knowledge about the musculature that assists with human walking and running was correct after all. Though the information was known many years earlier, Henry Grays detailed studies of the human thigh in the 1858 Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical identified the iliopsoas, the most powerful hip flexor, as two separate and distinct muscles. Somewhere along the line, though, that information was simplified and combined in most modern textbooks. Students have been being taught that the two muscles combine into a single tendon that inserts on a bony bump known as the lesser trochanter. Research led by Jayc Sedlmayr, PhD and Emma Schachner, PhD, both associate professors of cell biology and anatomy at LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine, and their colleagues, found the early anatomists were right. These muscles do not join into a single tendon but attach to very different regions of the lesser trochanter in different ways. Their results are published online in The Anatomical Record, available here.

We did 3D digital modeling comparing the textbook idea of the two muscles inserting as a common tendon and our finding of them inserting separately in different areas, and found it completely changes how each works in flexing the hip, notes Dr. Sedlmayr. The models show that they function independently due to the different attachment sites.

Adds Dr. Schachner, Separate insertions. Separate innervations. Separate muscles. Their fibers interconnect but they have different moment arms in flexion than assumed before.

Besides showing, contrary to previously published descriptions, that the iliacus tendon does not fuse with the psoas tendon, the research team also found that the pectineus, adductor brevis, and magnus muscles have insertions into the lesser trochanter, too. This research makes it clear that the lesser trochanter is more important than previously identified.

They conclude that understanding the real anatomy is key. They conclude that since these muscles can be injured during activities like walking, running, and falls, their rediscovery has important implications about how to correctly approach them clinically.

These findings could also significantly affect our understanding of the evolution of human upright gait and bipedal locomotion, concludes Sedlmayr.

Other members of the research team included Drs Karl T. Bates of the University of Liverpool, and Jonathan J. Wisco of the Boston University School of Medicine.

__________________________________________________________________________

LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans educates Louisiana's health care professionals. The state's flagship health sciences university, LSU Health New Orleans includes a School of Medicine with branch campuses in Baton Rouge and Lafayette, the state's only School of Dentistry, Louisiana's only public School of Public Health, and Schools of Allied Health Professions, Nursing, and Graduate Studies. LSU Health New Orleans faculty take care of patients in public and private hospitals and clinics throughout the region. In the vanguard of biosciences research in a number of areas in a worldwide arena, the LSU Health New Orleans research enterprise generates jobs and enormous economic impact. LSU Health New Orleans faculty have made lifesaving discoveries and continue to work to prevent, advance treatment, or cure disease. To learn more, visit http://www.lsuhsc.edu, http://www.twitter.com/LSUHealthNO, or http://www.facebook.com/LSUHSC.

The Anatomical Record

Observational study

Human tissue samples

Revision of hip flexor anatomy and function in modern humans, and implications for the evolution of hominin bipedalism

26-Sep-2021

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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LSU Health rediscovers anatomy to correct co - EurekAlert