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Physiology

The US Is Measuring Extreme Heat Wrong – WIRED

In the late 1970s, a physicist and textiles engineer in Texas named Robert Steadman published a paper called The Assessment of Sultriness. The title reflected an unpleasant sort of steaminesshow temperature and humidity combine to make life hard on the body. To do it, he drew on a long history of experimentation. In the 18th century, people climbed into ovens warmed to 250 degrees Fahrenheit to see how long they could suffer, as they watched steaks cook beside them. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, researchers observed people sweat in Turkish baths and reported from mines where they measured the ambient conditions as workers collapsed from heat exhaustion. Later on, the military picked up more of the testing, deriving equations for how blood flow, sweat, and breathing respond to atmospheric extremes.

What was unique to Steadman was his intimate knowledge of clothes; he was known for projects like a universal sizing system for garments, and motors that could spin fine cotton yarn. After all, he theorized, people are rarely naked in the heat, so our perception of it must be mediated by a combination of physiology and clothing. His formulas assumed precise percentages of how much skin would be covered with fabric, and how specific mixes of air and fiber would transfer heat from the air.

Whats surprising is that, for a set of calculations developed by a textiles researcher, Steadmans measure of sultriness proved useful for weather forecasters, especially in the United States. In 1990, a scientist at the National Weather Service adapted them with Steadmans key features more or less intact. Henceforth, the sultriness index came to be known more (or perhaps less) pithily as the heat index," though it's also sometimes called the apparent temperature or real feel. If you have been caught in this summers heat waves, this is likely a number you have consulted to better understand the torturous outdoors. Its the measure thats supposed to include an overlooked factor in the human experience with heat: humidity. That wetness in the air slows the evaporation of sweat off your skina key way of staying cool.

What made Steadmans index successful was that the numbers felt right, in a literal sense. The heat index reads like a temperature, but its wobblier than that, a perception rooted in physiological reality. When two different combinations of heat and humidity result in the same heat indexsay, 96 degrees Fahrenheit/50 percent humidity and 86 degrees/95 percent humidity, which both have a heat index of 108this is meant to signal that the body in each scenario is under a similar level of stress as it tries to cool down. As the heat index rises, the miracle of internal thermoregulation that fixes our bodies at 98.6 degrees begins to crumble. Our core temperature rises, which starts off as unpleasant and then gets dangerous. Theres a roughly 10 degree window before all the chemistry that sustains life begins to fail. That means death.

But theres a problem with Steadmans calculations: They werent actually built to handle those sorts of extreme conditions. At a certain thresholdone that includes a plausibly steamy combination of 80 percent humidity and 88 degrees Fahrenheitthe heat index veers into predicting what David Romps, a physicist and climate scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, calls unphysical conditions that rarely happen in the lower parts of atmosphere. This includes supersaturated air making contact with the skinthat is, air thats more than 100 percent saturated with water.

Temperature and humidity conditions beyond that threshold are somewhat rareand when they do happen, its possible to extrapolate from Steadman's model to come up with an estimated heat index value. But estimates are estimates, and those kinds of heat waves are becoming more common as temperatures rise. So Romps and his graduate student, Yi-Chuan Lu, began taking a look at the models fundamentals. They quickly realized that, for the long list of assumptions in the equations, certain things were missing. For one thing, there is a natural solution to the supersaturation problem: When the air is too wet for human sweat to evaporate, it can still bead and drip off the skin, providing some relief.

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The US Is Measuring Extreme Heat Wrong - WIRED

Physiology

4th agricultural revolution needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions: Nobel laureate – The Straits Times

SINGAPORE - The agricultural sector is responsible for a huge amount of greenhouse gas emissions - equivalent to the emissions from all the electricity generation in the world, said Nobel laureate Steven Chu.

Hence, there is a need to transform the sector - through a fourth agricultural revolution - where higher crop yields to feed the world's populations are obtained sustainably without the use of fertilisers or insecticides.

Professor Chu, who is a professor of molecular and cellular physiology and of energy science and engineering at Stanford University, was speaking to The Straits Times at the Nobel Prize Dialogue 2022: The Future We Want Together on Sept 13.

The event was held at Raffles City Convention Centre, where Nobel laureates, students and other experts came together to discuss how to improve people's lives and how a better future can be built. It was organised by the National University of Singapore's Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine.

Prof Chu, 74, who is American, noted how the previous agricultural revolutions helped the world's population to grow through the domestication of animals, cultivation of staple crops and the use of fertilisers to boost crop yield.

"But there were also unintended consequences - fertiliser requires a lot of energy to make, and the fertiliser run-off (into rivers and streams) is a potent greenhouse gas effect," he added.

Fertiliser run-offs release nitrous oxide - which has a warming potential of approximately 300 times that of carbon dioxide.

Some solutions are being tested, such as creating microbes which can take nitrogen from the soil to feed crops like corn, wheat and rice, so that fertilisers would not be needed.

This has already been trialled on a small scale in the United States, where 50 per cent of fertiliser needed for growing corn has been replaced with microbes in some farms. This will, however, unlikely take shape on a larger scale until it is profitable for farmers to do so, Prof Chu noted.

To prevent less methane from being released through cow burps, it is also possible to reduce the number of microbes found in cattle by 90 per cent, perhaps by modifying their feed or vaccinating them, he said.

Prof Chu was energy secretary in the US from 2009 to 2013, helping to implement then President Barack Obama's agenda of investing in clean energy, reducing the US' reliance on foreign oil, and addressing the global climate crisis.

Prof Chu helped to propel the development of a funding agency called Advanced Research Projects For Energy - which invested in projects such as accelerating the development of solar power to lower its costs.

"In 2010, we had a crazy ambition to cut (the costs of solar) by one quarter in 10 years, and we managed to get it to one quarter in seven years," he said. The feat took a detailed road map and required working closely with the industry.

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4th agricultural revolution needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions: Nobel laureate - The Straits Times

Physiology

KRTL INTERNATIONAL AND ICANN VENTURES TO LAUNCH CANNABIS EDUCATION PROGRAM IN KOREA – StreetInsider.com

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Lakewood, CO, Sept. 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --

KRTL International Corp., a subsidiary of KRTL Holding Group, Inc. (OTC: KRTL) and ICANN Ventures have signed multiple strategic agreements to be executed accordingly. As an introduction to this relationship, they have collaborated with Yeungnam University (Republic of Korea). Through this trilateral revenue sharing partnership, the CBD Training Academy, a global Cannabis Learning Community, can introduce their hemp business acceleration program and services. They will start offering its specialized courses, masterclasses, and full professional certificate courses in October 2022.

Designed to provide students with the most comprehensive education in the cannabis ecosystem and backed by a vision to create a platform for hemp enthusiasts to share their passion and creativity while having a positive impact on the Hemp industry at large, The CBD Training Academy - Korea will be available to corporate executives and professionals participating in the Special Free Zone in Gyeongbuk Province. As legislation progresses in this industry, the program anticipates it will accept a wide range of students passionate about cannabis, particularly those aspiring to advance professionally in business.

Yeungnam University, Department of Horticulture & Life Science, is a leading provider of education in Korea. Their faculty members are composed of experts in plant physiology, plant genetics, vegetable crops, pomology, plant pathology, floriculture, protected horticulture, flower decoration, and publish papers in globally prominent plant journals.

The CBD Training Academy goes beyond business as usual. I am very proud to say that every course is embedded with best practices, including the latest medical, clinical, and scientific advances in using hemp for health and wellness, commented Rick Diamond, CEO of ICANN Ventures, the parent of the CBD Training Academy.

Kai Kim, the CEO of KRTL International Corp: Education is fundamental to the development and growth of all sustainable infrastructure. Agricultural innovations and education can enhance efficient public administration and the private sector for sustainable growth. For countries to reap these benefits fully, they need to unleash the potential of the human mind. And there is no better tool for doing so than education. We are happy to have introduced this educational mechanism that can accomplish all this with a trilateral revenue sharing structure.

CBD is currently legal in South Korea for medical purposes for patients that have a doctors prescription and is controlled by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. According to a survey released last year, more than one in three Korean respondents said they were aware of the medical effects of cannabis or had heard about it. On July 18, the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety announced that patients who are living with rare, incurable diseases and who have no other treatment options would be permitted to import and use cannabis-derived drugs that were legal in other countries. While far from as liberal a law as some US states have enacted for medical cannabis and hemp CBD oil use, the law is a major move for a country that has strict cannabis laws. Officials who allowed for medical cannabis use stated that their reasoning was based on trends seen in other countries, as well as the call for access by advocates in Korea. The future for cannabis in Korea looks bright.

The CBD Training Academys curriculum is unlike any other in the country, said Dr. Park, Head of Smart Farm Safety at the Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University. We are a game changer in Koreas cannabis education scene, bringing three authoritative organizations together to advance the knowledge and education for this new industry. Students will obtain the most resourceful and dynamic educational programs. Im very excited to welcome the first batch of students, and I feel privileged to witness the students growth in their cannabis studies at the CBD Training Academy.

About KRTL Holding Group, Inc.: KRTL is a holding company interested in diversifying risk and accessing new markets. The Company operates its wholly owned subsidiaries, KRTL Biotech, Inc. and KRTL International Corp., with precision and excellence and continues to create and strengthen the KRTL reputation. This allows KRTL Holding Group, Inc. to capitalize on any range of investment opportunities. Our organization values collaboration and emphasizes a transparent work environment. Additional information on KRTL is available online at http://www.krtlholding.com and http://www.krtl-icc.com and http://www.krtlbiotech.com.CONTACT: KRTL Holding Group Inc. [emailprotected] 800-707-0586

About the CBD Training Academy: The CBD Training Academy was the first to certify people in the CBD industry. After launching the CBD training platform and certifying a record number of CBD Coaches, the Academy is bringing that a high level of knowledge to the international market. Learn from REAL the experts and learn EVERYTHING about CBD such as dosing, methods, history, legal, sales & marketing, coaching, working with clients & patients. Courses are taught by industry leaders, including doctors, successful retailers & distributors, logistics experts, cannabinoid lawyers, and other CBD industry service providers that are experts in their particular areas of the CBD industry. Visit their site for amazing resources & courses about CBD, Hemp, Cannabis, and all Cannabinoids. https://cbdtrainingacademy.com/

About Yeungnam University (Republic of Korea) Department of Horticulture & Life Science: Department of Horticulture and Life Science is an applied science that studies theories and technologies on horticulture, and it is a discipline that has come under the limelight as a high-income sector of the future together with the introduction of various new technologies and high-tech equipment.

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KRTL INTERNATIONAL AND ICANN VENTURES TO LAUNCH CANNABIS EDUCATION PROGRAM IN KOREA - StreetInsider.com

Immunology

Immunology – Clinical Care Options – ClinicalOptions

Disclaimer: The materials published on the Clinical Care Options Sites reflect the views of the reviewers or authors of the CCO material, not those of Clinical Care Options, LLC, the accredited provider, or the companies providing educational grants. The materials may discuss uses and dosages for therapeutic products that have not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or using any therapies described in these materials.

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Immunology - Clinical Care Options - ClinicalOptions

Immunology

PhD candidate in immunology wins three awards at Health Research Forum – UM Today

September 20, 2022

Marina Costa Fujishima, a PhD candidate in immunology in the Max Rady College of Medicine, took home three prestigious awards at the Canadian Student Health Research Forum, a national event held this past summer at UM.

She received the Dean of Medicine Poster Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Sex and Gender Research Gold Award and the Gairdner Award.

Costa Fujishima, who is from Brazil, conducts research focused on how the vaginal microbiome interacts with the immune system, and how the outcome of these interactions can play a role in reproductive health and susceptibility to disease.

Earlier this year, her achievements and potential were acknowledged when she became the inaugural recipient of the Dr. Forough Khadem Scholarship.

The scholarship was established to honour the life, spirit and work of Khadem, a student from Iran who earned her PhD in immunology at UM. It recognizes an outstanding international female graduate student who demonstrates leadership and a desire to have an impact on the world through science.

We recently spoke with Costa Fujishima about her PhD research.

What drew you to immunology?

I took an immunology class during the fourth year of my bachelors in microbiology. My current supervisor gave a guest lecture in the class, and I was just in love with it immediately.

What is the main focus of your research?

Im currently looking at how the composition of the vaginal microbiome can influence the immune system in the female genital tract. This is very interesting because human cohort studies have shown that certain microbial communities present in the vaginal canal can increase susceptibility to disease, including spontaneous pre-term birth and sexually transmitted infections like HIV, but we still dont understand why.

Those same studies showed a high abundance of white blood cells called neutrophils in the genital tract of these women, which also seemed to correlate with increased susceptibility to disease. So my research is trying to understand: How can these vaginal microbial species influence neutrophils? What exactly are neutrophils doing when they encounter different bacteria? Could neutrophils response result in adverse health outcomes, specifically increased HIV infection?

How did it feel to win three awards at this years Canadian Student Health Research Forum?

It was great! Im not a native English speaker, so I usually get very nervous thinking I will forget how to say everything I want in English. I was not expecting to win, but it was amazing. I loved explaining my research to the judges.

Can you tell us more about what you presented at the forum?

I talked about the mouse model we have set up in our lab. I have been able to show that neutrophils rapidly enter the vaginal tissue in the presence of certain bacteria species, but not others. Neutrophils not only come in, but I also found that they cause a lot of bystander damage in the vaginal tissue, which allows the HIV virus to enter the body more easily. When we prevent neutrophils from entering the vaginal tissue, there is less damage despite the presence of the bacteria.

Why did you choose UM for your PhD?

The immunology department and HIV research here at UM are so strong. There is so much cool work done here by world-renowned scientists and so much collaboration that it creates the perfect environment for young researchers like me.

Who are your mentors?

My supervisor, Dr. Thomas Murooka, is the best mentor I could have asked for. I look up to him a lot. Also my committee members, Dr. Lyle McKinnon, Dr. Catherine Card and Dr. Sam Kung.

What are your plans after you finish your PhD?

I want to stay in academia and become an independent researcher. I want to understand how the immune system can recognize and tolerate microbes that live within us, and how it decides whether those microbes are our friends or enemies. I am fascinated by this topic, so I want to stay in the field.

ALLYN LYONS

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PhD candidate in immunology wins three awards at Health Research Forum - UM Today

Immunology

New study reveals breakthrough infections increase immunity to COVID-19 – OHSU News

Health care systems encourage everyone eligible to get a COVID-19 vaccination and booster. (Getty Images)

Vaccine boosters and breakthrough infections following vaccination both provide a substantial and potentially pandemic-breaking immunity against COVID-19, according to new laboratory research from Oregon Health & Science University.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Med, is the latest in a series of OHSU discoveries using blood samples to characterize immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

As the number of omicron subvariant cases rise and as global vaccination and booster campaigns continue, an increasing proportion of the worlds population will acquire potent immune responses that may be protective against future SARS-CoV-2 variants, the researchers conclude.

The research measured a powerful immune response among samples from 99 OHSU employees who had blood drawn for the research. Notably, researchers measured an equally potent immune response to the virus with dramatic increases in magnitude, potency and breadth among people whose blood was drawn three months after a third vaccine booster dose and another group one month after a breakthrough infection.

In addition, the study found the immune response was just as powerful among people 65 and older.

Marcel Curlin, M.D. (OHSU)

Early in the pandemic, we had very high mortality in certain vulnerable groups, such as older adults in nursing homes, but that reality is slowly changing, said co-senior author Marcel Curlin, M.D., associate professor of medicine (infectious diseases) in the OHSU School of Medicine and medical director of OHSU Occupational Health. Our study bolsters the idea that vaccination is a pathway to a milder illness. Even if youre older, your chances of having a severe illness if youre re-infected down the line appears to be much lower than it was at the start of the pandemic.

Fikadu Tafesse, Ph.D. (OHSU)

Co-senior author Fikadu Tafesse, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular microbiology and immunology in the OHSU School of Medicine, said he would expect an even more robust immune response among people receiving the new bivalent vaccine booster targeting the BA.4 and BA.5 variants.

We anticipate that updated vaccine strategies with variant-specific regimens will significantly improve the breadth of the immune response and provide better protections against the SARS-CoV-2 variants, he said.

In contrast to the onset of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is no longer novel to the human immune system. Most people in the world have now been vaccinated, infected or both meaning the virus is running up against a much more effective immune response with each new infection.

Curlin said the new study most likely reflects the fact that the virus is evolving to become more transmissible but less harmful.

Evolutionary pressure is driving the virus to find more ways to infect people at the cost of pathogenicity, most likely, he said. Pathogenicity refers to the capacity to cause symptoms associated with the disease.

Funding for this study was supported by the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust; the OHSU Foundation; the National Institutes of Health training grant T32HL083808; and a grant from the OHSU Innovates IDEA fund. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

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New study reveals breakthrough infections increase immunity to COVID-19 - OHSU News

Immunology

First person to ever be treated with CRISPR-based HIV gene therapy – Interesting Engineering

Observation and evaluation

The person who received the first single-dose intravenous infusion EBT-101 therapy is being observed and evaluated for rebound of the HIV virus. Since this treatment has never been done before, researchers want to make sure the treatment stops the virus from replicating itself in the body. The research team is hoping that the individual will no longer need to use the antiretroviral therapy, which is currently the standard in HIV treatment.

Launching the EBT-101 phase 1/2 clinical trial

The trial was launched by Kamel Khalili, PhD, Laura H. Carnell, professor and chair of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, director of the Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing and director of the Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, and Tricia H. Burdo, PhD, professor and vice chair of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation at the Katz School of Medicine.

Dr. Khalili mentioned that there are still no curative treatments for HIV after more than 40 years since the virus was discovered. Nearly 40 million people worldwide suffer from HIV. He said EBT-101 can potentially address long-standing unmet needs of individuals living with HIV/AIDS by removing viral DNA from their cells, thereby eradicating infection.

Details of the trial

The trial is a study meant to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EBT-101 in approximately nine participants living with HIV-1. These individuals undergoing the study are suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. Its goal is to assess the tolerability of a single dose of EBT-101 in participants and their response to it. There was an initial 48-week follow up period for the trial, with an intended long-term follow up.

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First person to ever be treated with CRISPR-based HIV gene therapy - Interesting Engineering

Immunology

Study: Children With Primary Immunodeficiency Disease May Have Higher Mortality from COVID-19 – Pharmacy Times

In a recent study, researchers observed that more than one-third of children with a primary immunodeficiency disease died from COVID-19.

Children with certain immunodeficiency diseases have a higher mortality rate due to COVID-19, suggests new research out of the Karolinska Institutet published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Most children infected with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, but those with certain immunodeficiency diseasesalso called inborn errors of immunity (IEI)may have mutated genes that affect the immune system, preventing it from protecting itself against infections. This could lead to severe, or deadly, complications.

Mortalityis much higher among children with primary immunodeficiency diseases infected with SARS-CoV-2. Our results indicate that basic immunological examination and genetic analysis should be conducted in children with severe COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The clinicians will then be able to help these children with more precise therapies based on their genetic changes, said study leader Qiang Pan-Hammarstrm, professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, in a press release.

Among children with primary immunodeficiency diseases (examples include hereditary and congenital diseases of the immune system), certain individuals have mild or no symptoms after contracting infection from COVID-19, whereas others experience severe symptoms. There is controversial evidence explaining why the range of symptoms differs greatly, according to the authors of the current study.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet set out to understand whether genetics play a role in the severity of some COVID-19 cases among children with primary immunodeficiency diseases. Between August 2020 and September 2020, researchers identified 31 unvaccinated children in Iran who had the same primary immunodeficiency disease. The participants, aged 5 months to 19 years, suffered from a severe or critical COVID-19 infection.

After performing genetic and immunological analyses, researchers found that 11 children died from SARS-CoV-2 complications. Among participants, 5 (16%) children were diagnosed with MIS-C.

The research suggests that patients with MIS-C differ from those without MIS-C because they cannot produce their own antiviral antibodies. Consequently they, would not have the full benefit of vaccination, said lead author Hassan Abolhassani, assistant professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, in the press release.

Further, the genetic analyses showed that more than 90% of children with primary immunodeficiency diseases had a mutation that affected proteins (interferons) that regulate the immune system during a viral infection. These mutated genes could explain why their immune defenses were not functioning properly.

The researchers performed an additional literature review of global reports that studied this population. The team identified the mortality rate from COVID-19 to be 8% among children with an IEI.

The study was limited to researching patients with severe COVID-19 cases, those infected with the original strain, and non-vaccinated children.

Our results clarify the molecular mechanism of these immune diseases, which opens up the possibility of developing a more targeted therapy. The knowledge acquired from the study also allows us to develop better strategies for the treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19 disease in these patients, Pan-Hammarstrm said in the press release.

Reference

Karolinska Institutet. Higher risk of serious COVID-19 complications in children with primary immunodeficiency. EurekAlert! September 16, 2022. Accessed on September 19, 2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/964997

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Study: Children With Primary Immunodeficiency Disease May Have Higher Mortality from COVID-19 - Pharmacy Times

Immunology

Plasma Fractionation Market Worth $46.9 Billion by 2029- Market Size, Share, Forecasts, & Trends Analysis Report with COVID-19 Impact by…

REDDING, Calif., Sept. 22, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- According to a new market research report, 'Plasma Fractionation Marketby Product [Immunoglobulins (Intravenous, Subcutaneous), Coagulation Factors, Albumin], Application (Immunology, Hematology, Neurology), and End User (Hospital, Clinical Research Lab, Academic Institutes) - Forecast to 2029', published by Meticulous Research, the Plasma Fractionation market is projected to reach $46.9 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2020 to 2029.

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Blood plasma is a vital component of certain medical treatments for rare diseases and has no substitutes. As a result, its demand is rising globally. Many treatments are plasma intensive and require millions of liters of plasma annually. For instance, the treatment of hemophilia may require the yield of as many as 1,200 donations annually. In addition to the growing prevalence of blood disorders like hemophilia, the growing use of immunoglobulins in various therapeutic areas and the expansion of plasma collection centers are some factors driving the market. The number of plasma collection centers is rising, particularly in the U.S., as the country allows two plasma donations a week, unlike other countries that have banned more than one donation a week. Market players such as Grifols, S.A. (Spain) have expanded their plasma collection centers from 171 in 2016 to 344 as of 2021.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. FDA gave an emergency use authorization (EUA) for convalescent plasma therapy with high antibody levels to treat COVID-19. Thus, the demand for plasma increased amid the pandemic, positively impacting the market. Globally, Asia-Pacific has the highest number of plasma collection centers; however, the throughput is low at around 27%. Though the U.S. has fewer plasma collection centers than Europe, its throughput is high.

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The plasma fractionation market is segmented by product [Immunoglobulins (IVIg, SCIg, and IMIg), Coagulation Factors, Albumin, Protease Inhibitors, and Other Products), Application (Immunology, Hematology, Neurology, Critical Care, Hematology-oncology, Rheumatology & Orthopedics, and Others), End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Clinical Research Laboratories, and Academic & Research Institutes), and geography. The study also evaluates industry competitors and analyzes the regional and country-level markets.

Based on product, the plasma fractionation market is segmented into immunoglobulins, coagulation factors/concentrates, albumin, and protease inhibitors. The immunoglobulins segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The growing focus of the market players on expanding their plasma collection and IgG production facilities are the key factors attributing to the market growth. For instance, in February 2020, Grifols, S.A. (Spain) signed an agreement with the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF) to build a network of plasma collection centers and other facilities for the production of plasma medicines, including a plasma fractionation plant and a purification plant, in Saudi Arabia.

Based on end user, in 2022, the hospitals & clinics segment is expected to account for the largest share of the plasma fractionation market. The high demand for plasma-based products in multiple therapy areas and hospitals & clinics being the primary healthcare service contribute to the large market share of this segment. Many hospitals do not have a regular influx of people with hemophilia or other blood disorders; they still need to keep 4060 days of plasma inventory on hand at all times.

Quick Buy Plasma Fractionation Market - Global Opportunity Analysis And Industry Forecast (2022-2029), Research Report: https://www.meticulousresearch.com/Checkout/68317165

Based on geography, in 2022, North America is expected to account for the largest share of the global plasma fractionation market. The highest number of plasma collection centers in the U.S. is a key factor for the large market share of this region. Additionally, with over 450 centers, most plasma collection centers are concentrated in the U.S. and Europe.However, Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period.

The report also includes an extensive assessment of the product portfolio, geographic analysis, and key strategic developments adopted by leading market participants in the industry in the last 3 years (20202022). The Plasma Fractionation market has witnessed a number of product launches, approvals, agreements, partnerships, collaborations, expansions, and acquisitions in recent years. For instance, in April 2020, Grifols, S.A. (Spain) launched its HyperRAB (3-mL 900-IU) for the treatment of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.

Some of the key players operating in this market are CSL Limited (Australia), Grifols, S.A. (Spain), Octapharma AG (Switzerland), Kedrion S.p.A. (Italy), Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Japan), China Biologic Products Holdings, Inc. (China), Bio Products Laboratory Limited (BPL) (U.K.), Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (India), LFB Group (France), ADMA Biologics, Inc. (U.S.), SK Plasma (South Korea), and GC Biopharma Corp. (South Korea).

To gain more insights into the market with a detailed table of content and figures, click here:https://www.meticulousresearch.com/product/plasma-fractionation-market-5117

Scope of the Report:

Plasma Fractionation Market, by Product

Coagulation Factors

Albumin

Protease Inhibitors

Other Products

Note: Other plasma-derived products include fibrin, sealant, and plasma

Plasma Fractionation Market, by Application

Note: Other applications include the management of respiratory diseases and wound healing.

Plasma Fractionation Market, by End User

Plasma Fractionation Market, by Geography

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About Meticulous Research

Meticulous Research was founded in 2010 and incorporated as Meticulous Market Research Pvt. Ltd. in 2013 as a private limited company under the Companies Act, 1956. Since its incorporation, the company has become the leading provider of premium market intelligence in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

The name of our company defines our services, strengths, and values. Since the inception, we have only thrived to research, analyze, and present the critical market data with great attention to details. With the meticulous primary and secondary research techniques, we have built strong capabilities in data collection, interpretation, and analysis of data including qualitative and quantitative research with the finest team of analysts. We design our meticulously analyzed intelligent and value-driven syndicate market research reports, custom studies, quick turnaround research, and consulting solutions to address business challenges of sustainable growth.

Contact:Mr.Khushal BombeMeticulous Market Research Inc.1267WillisSt,Ste200 Redding,California,96001, U.S.USA: +1-646-781-8004Europe : +44-203-868-8738APAC: +91 744-7780008Email-sales@meticulousresearch.comVisit Our Website:https://www.meticulousresearch.com/Connect with us on LinkedIn-https://www.linkedin.com/company/meticulous-researchContent Source: https://www.meticulousresearch.com/pressrelease/366/plasma-fractionation-market-2029

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Immunology

Unhealthy Gut Helps Breast Cancer Spread, Research Reveals – UVA Health Newsroom

Melanie Rutkowski, PhD, of the UVA School of Medicine and the UVA Cancer Center, studies how gut health affects breast cancer and its spread.

An unhealthy gut triggers changes in normal breast tissue that helpsbreast cancerspread to other parts of the body, new research from UVA Cancer Center reveals.

The gut microbiome the collection of microbes that naturally live inside us can be disrupted by poor diet, long-term antibiotic use, obesity or other factors. When this happens, the ailing microbiome reprograms important immune cells in healthy breast tissue, called mast cells, to facilitate cancers spread, UVA Healths new discovery shows.

The finding could help scientists develop ways to keep breast cancer from metastasizing (spreading to other parts of the body). When it does, it is often deadly: Only 29% of women with metastatic breast cancer survive five years; for men with metastatic breast cancer, that figure is just 22%.

The discovery could also let doctors predict which patients are at greatest risk of cancer recurrence after treatment, the UVA scientists say.

We show gut commensal dysbiosis, an unhealthy and inflammatory gut microbiome, systemically changes the mammary tissues of mice that do not have cancer. The tissue changes enhance infiltration of mast cells that, in the presence of a tumor, facilitate breast tumor metastasis, said researcher Melanie R. Rutkowski, PhD, of UVA Cancer Center and the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Mast cells recruited into the tissue environment during dysbiosis restructure the tissue architecture in such a way that tumor cells metastasize to other organs.

Rutkowski has been a pioneer in unveiling the surprising relationship between gut health and breast cancer. Her latest work reveals complex interactions between our gut microbes and mast cells in the breast. Mast cells are blood cells which help regulate the bodys immune response to disease and allergens. Rutkowskis new work suggests that the gut microbiome can systemically influence mast cell behavior and function in the presence of tumors.

Rutkowski and her team found that an unhealthy microbiome caused the mast cells to accumulate in the breast. These changes continued after tumor formation in a mouse model of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, making the breast tissue a prime launching ground for the cancers incursions into other parts of the body.

Further, the scientists found that the mast cells increased the amount of collagen in the mices breast tissue and spurred earlier cancer spread. Blocking the process that led to mast-cell accumulation prevented both, significantly reducing tumor spread to the lungs.

Based on their lab results, the researchers examined tissue samples taken from human patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. They found these patients, like the mice, had increased numbers of mast cells and increased deposits of collagen. The numbers of mast cells correlated with the amount of collagen and, notably, the patients risk for a recurrence of breast cancer.

Mast cells have had a controversial role in breast cancer, with some studies identifying a positive correlation with outcome while others have identified negative associations, said Rutkowski, of UVAsDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. Our investigation suggests that to better define the relationship between mast cells and risk for breast tumor metastasis, we should consider the mast cell functional attributes, tissue collagen density and mast cell location with respect to the tumor.

Ultimately, she says, doctors may be able to target the gut-mast cell relationship in patients with breast cancer to help prevent the cancer from recurring and spreading. They also may be able to use the discovery to identify patients at risk for recurrence, allowing them to tailor the treatment strategy for the prevention of metastatic disease.

Personalized medicine in oncology is a promising approach to facilitate better outcomes for patients, said researcher Tzu-Yu Feng, PhD, the first author of a new scientific paper outlining the findings. Our research on the gut-mast cell axis has identified possible intervention points that could be targeted for a customized approach to therapy. The ultimate goal would be to improve survival for patients diagnosed with breast cancer.

Rutkowskis cutting-edge research is part of UVA Cancer Centers urgent mission to better understand and better treat cancer. UVA is one of only 52 cancer centers in the country to be designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).The designationrecognizes elite cancer centers with the most outstanding cancer research and treatment programs in the nation.

UVA Cancer Center is the only Comprehensive Cancer Center in Virginia.

Rutkowski and her collaborators have published their findings in the scientific journal Cancer Immunology Research. The research team consisted of Tzu-Yu Feng, Francesca N. Azar, Sally A. Dreger, Claire Buchta Rosean, Mitchell T. McGinty, Audrey M. Putelo, Sree H. Kolli, Maureen A. Carey, Stephanie Greenfield, Wesley J. Fowler, Stephen D. Robinson and Melanie Rutkowski.

The work was supported bySusan G. Komen, grant CCR17483602; the National Institutes of Healths National Cancer Institute, grant R01CA253285; and the American Cancer Society, grant IRG 81-001-26. Additional support came from UVA Cancer Center, the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Gut Microbes and Health, and Cancer Research UK.

To keep up with the latest medical research news from UVA, subscribe to theMaking of Medicineblog.

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Unhealthy Gut Helps Breast Cancer Spread, Research Reveals - UVA Health Newsroom