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Former Grey’s Anatomy star TR Knight teams up with Big Bang Theory’s Kaley Cuoco in new HBO drama – digitalspy.com

Former Grey's Anatomy star TR Knight is teaming up with The Big Bang Theory's Kaley Cuoco for new HBO drama The Flight Attendant.

Based on Chris Bohjalian's dark comedy novel of the same name, the upcoming series stars Cuoco as Cassandra 'Cassie' Bowden, a flight attendant who is rather perturbed to find a dead body next to her when she wakes up hungover in a Dubai hotel room.

Knight who starred in Grey's Anatomy as Dr George O'Malley between 2005 and 2009 will be playing Cassie's older brother Davey, who is disapproving of his sister's lifestyle.

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The cast also includes Michiel Huisman (Game of Thrones), Sonoya Mizuno (Maniac), Colin Woodell (The Originals), Merle Dandridge (Greenleaf) and Griffin Matthews (Dear White People).

In other Kaley Cuoco news, it was announced last month that her animated Harley Quinn series will premiere on the DC Universe streaming service on November 29.

The show will also include Veep star Tony Hale, the legendary Wanda Sykes, Doom Patrol star Alan Tudyk and Breaking Bad's Giancarlo Esposito, among others.

Cuoco previously explained what her character will be like in the series, stating: "She goes through growth but it's like a few steps forward and 25 steps back. She falls back in her old ways again and can't really help it.

"The nice thing is that most of the time she's going up against villains who are worse than her. So you root for her in that way. She is a killer but those who are dying in her hands deserve it."

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Former Grey's Anatomy star TR Knight teams up with Big Bang Theory's Kaley Cuoco in new HBO drama - digitalspy.com

Grey’s Anatomy Round Table: Can Maggie Cope with Another Tragedy? – TV Fanatic

It was another tragic loss onGrey's Anatomy Season 16 Episode 7.

Maggie met her cousin and lost her in the same day, and she may carry the guilt of not being able to save her. Elsewhere, Catherine put an end to Richard and Gemma's relationship, and Amelia told Owen she was pregnant.

Join TV Fanatics Meaghan Frey and Jasmine Blu, and Grey's Fanatic Berea Orange as they discuss an emotional Grey's Anatomy.

On a scale of 1-10, how emotional was the episode?

Meaghan: 7. It was impossible not to be upset by Sabi's death but at the same time, the emotional impact would have been greater if they let a bond grow between Maggie and her for a few weeks before this happened.

Berea: It was an 8. I was so heartbroken for Maggie and everyone involved.

Jasmine: 8. I was surprised by how attached I was to Sabi, and her death was devastating. I didn't anticipate a death, nor did I expect to be so affected by it.

What did you think of Sabi and how instantly fond she was of Maggie?

Meaghan: She was like a ray of sunshine, and I really enjoyed her. Like I said in my last answer, I wish she had gotten to stick around longer.

I'm Sabrina Webber, and this is my father. Richard is my uncle, and he's your biological father, so we're your family.

Berea: I just loved Sabi. She was the sweetest and instantly bonded with Maggie. It was so nice for Maggie to have someone she could relate to that looks like her. If only for a short time.

I especially loved how she immediately took Maggies side regarding Jackson (I hate him.). We havent seen that kind of solidarity from Meredith and Amelia so far.

Jasmine: She was so pure and sweet! Why couldn't we keep her for a little longer?

It's something special when we meet someone who makes you feel less alone and when someone finally gets you, and Maggie always has a tough time connecting with others, not everyone gets her, but Sabi did.

It was so heartbreaking that she was there and then ripped away so soon.

They were so cute together, and I wish we had more time with them being awkward, nerdy women together.

Do you think Maggie was too persistent and pressured Sabi and Chris?

Meaghan: Yes. I understand that Maggie knows she is an incredible surgeon, but she should have respected their wishes.

At the end of the day, she couldn't save her, so it would have been better for her to not do it and be able to maintain a relationship with Chris.

I know Margaret Pierce and there's not a doctor in this city with half her skill or expertise.

Berea: No, she was not too persistent. Maggie advocates for her patients more than any other doctor at Grey-Sloan. Weve seen her do it for Bailey when the doctors at Seattle Presbyterian werent taking her seriously.

We saw it again when April had her accident and every other doctor in the room (including Jackson) was ready to give up on her.

Maggie kept pushing and saved her life. That is the kind of surgeon she is, and it wasnt her fault she didnt make it.

Jasmine: I didn't think so. I understood why she did it, and the doctors at Pac-North were not good, and it was a pressing matter.

She's the best, and she wanted to do the best for her cousin. I don't think it mattered if she saved Sabi or not; Chris didn't want to be bothered with Maggie at all.

How do you think Sabi's death will affect Maggie going forward?

Meaghan: I think it is going to make her question her skills. Maggie's confidence has always been steadfast, but this is going to shake her.

Berea: This is going to be tough on Maggie for sure. This is her first time meeting a relative who looks like her with whom she immediately bonded. Then she lost her in her OR.

I think we will see her go through a hard time dealing with this. She leaned on Jackson after she lost her mom, and she wont be able to do that this time.

Maggie: Sabrina's condition was critical before she got to the operating room. I did everything I could to save her, but unfortunately, she died. Richard: Oh, Maggie.

Meredith and Amelia all have big things going on in their lives. This might also cause some trouble with Richard, even though she has never had a close familial relationship with him.

I believe we will get some good story moving forward for Maggie as we watch her navigate this loss.

Jasmine: I'm not certain yet, but I'm looking forward to wherever this leads her. It could be a very personal arc that's different than anything we've seen from her.

She lost someone else; she lost a possibility, and there's something more tragic about that then when she lost her mom only because of all the things that could've been.

Maggie: I'm sorry does that woman look like me? Jackson: I don't know, I'll have to see her scowl first.

I think it may lead to her self-reflecting and trying to figure things out in life and what she wants out of it. I don't know; I hope it's good, after all that suffering.

Do you think Owen reacted poorly to Amelia's pregnancy, or do you understand his position/feelings?

Meaghan: I understand it, but at the same time it is in poor taste.

Yes, Owen has the right to feel how he is feeling, but Amelia stepped aside and let him and Teddy be happy together. This is Amelia's chance to be happy.

Berea: I am so sick of Owen.

First, I didnt think she needed to go out of her way to go all the way to Pac-North just to tell him because it really isnt his business.

Objectively, I can see how Owen would feel that initial upset. She told him she didnt want a baby, and here she is having a child with another man.

Now you're telling me that it's not that you didn't want to have kids it's just you never wanted to have them with me.

But he absolutely does not get to yell at her and try to make her feel guilty for finding happiness with someone else. I would love to see how Teddy feels about him being so angry.

Jasmine: Yeah, I understood it and I didn't.

He had a right to feel his feelings, and I felt for him in some ways, but as I said in my review, his feelings were an Owen problem, not an Amelia problem.

Suck that shit up and release the frustration later in the gym or something. Amelia stepped away and let him be happy with Teddy. He has his family and his children; let Amelia find her happiness.

Link and I are having a baby, and you need to know.

Life happens, and people change their minds, and she told him she wasn't ready yet, but she has worked through some of her reservations about having a kid of her own. So, it is what it is.

Did Owen let his personal feelings hinder how he treated Cassidy?

Meaghan: Absolutely. I wanted to throw something at my TV every time he was on the screen.

It was not his place to be making that decision for her. She was very clear in her wishes, and if he wanted an abortion, it isn't his job to tell her no.

Berea: Yes, and this wasnt his first time. He did the same thing in season six with Teddys physician-assisted suicide patient.

He lets his personal views and feelings affect the care for his patients. This woman made it very clear she wanted an abortion and would take dangerous measures to achieve that.

As a doctor, he should have done the right thing to help her achieve this.

Jasmine: Yes. He pissed me off a lot with how he treated Cassidy. He always lets his personal feelings affect his cases and never in a good way. I, too, wanted to throw something at the screen.

Catherine offered Gemma a job anywhere but Seattle. Thoughts?

Meaghan: I don't typically like Catherine, but I loved her at that moment and was cheering her on. Gemma needed to know who she is dealing with.

Berea: I love Catherine Fox. She didnt have to argue or yell or get nasty at all. That job offer said, I am a powerful woman, and its in your best interest to get as far away from me and my husband as soon as possible.

I was here for it. Gemma better watch out.

You're talking an awful lot for someone who says there's nothing to talk about.

Jasmine: I mean, that was a POWER move. It was Queen energy. It was all class and grace, and I squealed when it happened. I'm a huge fan of polite, nice "eff you's."

What was your favorite moment?

Meaghan: Catherine offering Gemma the job. Catherine was a bad bitch at that moment, and I adored it!

Berea: Alex and Maggie after the surgery was my favorite moment.

I love their friendship. He has always been great at being there for her, and that moment where he let her breakdown was so perfect.

Jasmine: I may or may not have been still gushing about it days later on Twitter, but Alex and Maggie after the surgery.

We haven't seen the two of them interact much in ages, but they were always one of my favorite, most underrated relationships on the series.

They have been super close since the year they spent together when Meredith was away, and their relationship is so special to me.

Maggie: I can't do this. Alex: I'll be with you. Maggie: No, I can't. They didn't want me to operate, and I pushed them. I told them I was the best. Alex: You are. Maggie: I can't do this.

I loved how he gave her the time to breakdown, and he went with her to help her deliver the news. Alex has always been a Maggie supporter and cheerleader, and he's one of the only people who always seemed to "get her."

I missed their friendship, and I'm glad we saw it again even if it was under tragic circumstances.

Do you agree with us or disagree?

What are your responses? Hit the comments below!

Grey's Anatomy airs Thursdays on ABC.

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Editor's Note: Our system got updated! Now, you'll be able to scroll through many articles at once. That required a bit of a change to the comments, though, and now you have to click the blue "comments" bar at the bottom of an article to access them.

There are also two segments to comments now. You can either comment using Facebook or Disqus. Either way, you can SEE both types of comments. We hope that will be more inclusive of our community at large and that the conversations will grow as a result.

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Jasmine Blu is a staff writer for TV Fanatic. Follow her on Twitter.

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Grey's Anatomy Round Table: Can Maggie Cope with Another Tragedy? - TV Fanatic

Kate Walsh Reveals Personal Battle During Transition From ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ to ‘Private Practice’: ‘It Was a Real Crazy, Crazy Time’ (Exclusive) -…

Best known for her roles in Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice, actress Kate Walsh admits her transition between the two primetime dramas wasn't as easy as fans may have thought it was due to personal reasons. In an exclusive interview with PopCulture.com, Walsh revealed that she entered menopause at the age of 39 amid the premiere of Private Practice, "it was a real crazy, crazy time."

"My body started changing," Walsh told PopCulture.com of the chaotic transitions. "Hot flashes and night sweats and mood swings, and sudden tears and 'Oh my God!' And I was just working, I was transitioning from Grey's Anatomy to having my own show on Private Practice. [And] newly married, it was a real crazy, crazy time."

She went on to say how "lonely" and "scared" she felt during that time, not only because it was a wild transition, but because there is an evident lack of social conversation in our society surrounding the epidemiology.

"It was gnarly," she said. "It was really scary to be honest, because there was a lot of information in the culture, [but] there wasn't a lot of support for it. And there was a lot of fear around it and I hated that. I had to sort of learn by just asking random older women like, 'Hey, did you have to do this? What are you doing? How are you doing it?'"

To take a stand and help empower the discussion, the 13 Reasons Why actress partnered with EQUELLE, a company that provides naturally derived, plant-based supplements for women entering and going through menopause. With an objective to raise more awareness about an otherwise not-popular topic of public conversation, Walsh shares she is humbled to be a part of it.

"I think one of the things that freaks women out is like, 'Oh, I either have to do hormone replacement or nothing,'" she said. "And so it's a choice between, you know, one fear or another."

Walsh adds that the one thing she loves the most about the hormone-free supplement is that it is chock-full of natural ingredients, including the S-equol, a naturally derived component from plants that shares a similar structure to estrogen and binds to select estrogen receptors in the body.

"I love that EQUELLE's naturally derived, it's plant-based and it just reacts with our natural estrogen receptors in our body and helps alleviate symptoms of heat, and muscle aches and pains, that come along with menopause," she explained.

Walsh recommends that for many woman going through menopause or those about to enter it, it is important "to breathe and go easy on yourself."

The 52-year-old adds while her schedule remains busy with work, she finds ways to slow down especially when it comes to managing her own symptoms. Even if it's closing her eyes for three to five minutes while taking a couple deep breaths, she says it goes a long way and can really help.

As for what's ahead for Walsh, she is keeping busy with both TV and film, with the upcoming movies, Sell By and 3022 alongside Omar Epps and Miranda Cosgrove. The award-winning actress also teased she's working on a "top secret" project, but couldn't give out any more details than that.

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Kate Walsh Reveals Personal Battle During Transition From 'Grey's Anatomy' to 'Private Practice': 'It Was a Real Crazy, Crazy Time' (Exclusive) -...

Grey’s Anatomy: 5 Times Owen Was A Bad Friend (& 5 Times They Were Good) – Screen Rant

When Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) first appeared on Grey's Anatomy, no one knew what to make of him. However, sixteen years has seen the trauma surgeon engage in a love/hate relationship with fans. Owen has proved to be a kind and generous doctor but lets himself down by cheating on all his partners.

RELATED: Grey's Anatomy: The 10 Worst Things April Kepner Has Done

Is the trauma surgeon a good friend? Yes and No. Owen has provided many of his colleagues with comfort when they have needed it. Yet, if it somehow affects him, he goes out of his way to sabotage their happiness. Keep reading to see the five reasons why he was a bad friend and 5 why he was the best.

The love triangle between Cristina-Owen-Teddy was seen to intensify in season 6 when Owen refused to recommend Teddy (Kim Raver) for the head of cardiothoracic surgery. When Cristina (Sandra Oh) asked Owen to vouch for Teddy since they had begun to form a strong partnership, he promised that he would.

However, he does the exact opposite and tells Derek to hire the other candidate. Owen then leads Cristina and Teddy to believe that he went through with his promise. They eventually found out when Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) discovered the truth. Although he tries to defend himself by saying Teddy is a trigger, Cristina realizes it's because he has feelings for her. It then leads to a huge falling out between the three characters.

When Owen first came toGrey's Anatomy, fans discovered he had PTSD. The writers delved into this history during the episode "Suicide is Painless", documenting his time at war. Hunt recalls the time when his platoon was hit by an I.E.D, killing everyone but the Captain (Richard T. Jones).

Hunt was seen to be close friends with Dan (Jones), so it was no surprise that he was trying his best to save him. Dan tells Owen to let him go, which he refuses to do. He only relents when Dan begs him to because he's in pain. Unfortunately, the recovery team turns ends up succumbing to his wounds.

Henry's (Scott Foley) death hit everybody hard because he was a nice guy. He also made Teddy happy, which was all the fans wanted for her. However, fans knew his days were numbered when the former baseball player began to cough up blood.

RELATED: Grey's Anatomy: 20 Things Wrong With Izzie Stevens We Choose To Ignore

Teddy entrusted Cristina, Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Owen to look after her husband whilst she was in surgery. Unbeknownst to her, Henry had died in theatre. Owen decided not to tell Teddy at the risk of putting the patient in danger, which she did not forgive him for. It was the right call, but it does make you wonder if he could have called another surgeon in to finish the operation while he told her about Henry.

The friendship between Teddy and Owen was fractured for quite some time after Henry's death. Their relationship was seen to improve near the end as both began to go through a rough patch. However, Owen soon realized that Teddy wanted to leave the hospital but was hesitant to accept a job opportunity because she didn't want to leave him.

Owen was surprised that Teddy was thinking of turning the job down since Grey-Sloan was a constant reminder of Henry. When Owen realizes she's only staying because she's worried about his health, he is forced into action. He fires her 'effective immediately', telling her that she is insubordinate and rebellious. Teddy runs out of the room angry but soon rushes back to thank him for letting her go.

Owen's feud with Riggs (Martin Henderson) had to make the list after the trauma surgeon did everything he could to make his friend feel unwelcome. Hunt was shown to severely dislike the cardiothoracic surgeon, blaming Riggs for the disappearance of his sister. He believed that Megan was kidnapped because she was trying to avoid Riggs after he cheated.

Although they eventually called a truce and his sister was found, Owen was not happy to hear that Nathan and Megan (Abigail Spencer) were planning to start afresh ("Danger Zone"). Having had enough, Megan calls Owen a hypocrite for constantly bringing up Riggs' infidelities, revealing she also cheated too. That whole feud was seemed pointless after this.

Even though their relationship didn't last very long, Owen proved himself to be a pillar for Amelia (Caterina Scorsone). In the aftermath of Derek's (Patrick Dempsey) death, Amelia was seen to struggle. She felt a lot of remorse for not being able to say goodbye to Derek and began to repress her feelings. She almost relapsed amid her grief but confessed to Owen before she could give in to the temptation.

RELATED: Grey's Anatomy: 20 Things Wrong With Alex Karev We All Choose To Ignore

Owen forced her to come to terms with her sadness, making her talk about her feelings. He told her that it was okay to be hurt and upset, which eventually led to the neurosurgeon breaking down in his arms. The trauma surgeon was also by her side when Amelia was about to listen to Derek's final voicemail.

Amelia was right when she said any relationship Owen entered was doomed for disaster. This was because Teddy was always looming about in the back of his mind. Although he denied it, the evidence was clear when he became jealous of her budding relationship with Tom (Greg Germann).

Owen began to pursue Teddy whilst she was with Tom. He didn't like that Tom could be involved in their daughter's life, calling him a "dirtbag" and a terrible father. His behavior gets worse when he embarrasses Amelia in front of their colleagues by getting punched by Tom. She and Teddy deserved more at this moment.

When April (Sarah Drew) and Jackson (Jesse Williams) were going through a divorce, April was at her lowest point. She also found herself under a lot of stress when she found out she was pregnant, with Catherine (Debbie Allen) threatening to sue her for fraud because she kept it a secret.

April tells Owen that one of the reasons she kept it a secret was because she wanted to protect her baby. She tells him that she feels like "everything is screwed up" now that Jackson had found out. Owen is quick to reassure her that having a baby is not a mess, but a miracle. In all the midst of the drama, April realizes that no one seems to have congratulated her on the pregnancy. Owen gives her the first respite from all the drama.

Just recently, Owen has discovered that Amelia was pregnant. Did he offer a friendly congratulations? Nope. Even though Owen is now with Teddy, he wasn't happy about the fact that Amelia had now changed her mind about having children. He makes it about himself, saying she must not have wanted his children because that was the main reason they got divorced in the first place.

Keeping in mind that Amelia had a tumor when they got married, Owen can't hold it against her. They had barely begun dating before they were rushing down the aisle. It was just as much his fault that they didn't discuss their plans for the future.

One of the toughest storylines came in the episode "Hold Back the River" when a patient comes into the ER with cancer. However, Arizona (Jessica Capshaw), Owen and April soon find out that another 'doctor' has falsely led several women to believe they have breast cancer to charge them for the chemotherapy.

Owen and Arizona only find out about this when the fraudster claims the neonatal surgeon has the disease. When Owen sees how the lies have affected Arizona, he storms back to the clinic to confront the so-called doctor. Although he had called the police, he attempts to scare the con artist into admitting his crime.

NEXT: Grey's Anatomy: 10 Of The Worst Things Meredith Grey Has Ever Done

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Grey's Anatomy: 5 Times Owen Was A Bad Friend (& 5 Times They Were Good) - Screen Rant

Cell Biology Glossary – ThoughtCo

Many biology students often wonder about the meanings of certain biology terms and words. What is a nucleus? What are sister chromatids? What is the cytoskeleton and what does it do? The Cell Biology Glossary is a good resource for finding succinct, practical, and meaningful biology definitions for various cell biology terms. Below is a list of common cell biology terms.

Animal Cells - eukaryotic cells that contain various membrane-bound organelles.

Allele - an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

Apoptosis - a controlled sequence of steps in which cells signal self-termination.

Asters - radial microtubule arrays found in animal cells that help to manipulate chromosomes during cell division.

Biology - the study of living organisms.

Cell - the fundamental unit of life.

Cell Biology - the subdiscipline of biology that focuses on the study of the basic unit of life, the cell.

Cell Cycle - the life cycle of a dividing cell, including Interphase and the M phase or Mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).

Cell Membrane - a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

Cell Theory - one of the five basic principles of biology, stating that the cell is the basic unit of life.

Centrioles - cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules arranged in a 9 + 3 pattern.

Centromere - a region on a chromosome that joins two sister chromatids.

Chromatid - one of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome.

Chromatin - the mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.

Chromosome - a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information (DNA) and is formed from condensed chromatin.

Cytokinesis - the division of the cytoplasm that produces distinct daughter cells.

Cytoskeleton - a network of fibers throughout the cell's cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell.

Cytosol - semi-fluid component of a cell's cytoplasm.

Daughter Cell - a cell resulting from the replication and division of a single parent cell.

Daughter Chromosome - a chromosome that results from the separation of sister chromatids during cell division.

Diploid Cell - a cell that contains two sets of chromosomesone set of chromosomes is donated from each parent.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - a network of tubules and flattened sacs that serve a variety of functions in the cell.

Gametes - reproductive cells that unite during sexual reproduction to form a new cell called a zygote.

Gene Theory - one of the five basic principles of biology, stating that traits are inherited through gene transmission.

Genes - segments of DNA located on chromosomes that exist in alternative forms called alleles.

Golgi Complex - the cell organelle that is responsible for manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping certain cellular products.

Haploid Cell - a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes.

Interphase - the stage in the cell cycle where a cell doubles in size and synthesizes DNA in preparation for cell division.

Meiosis - a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce, resulting in gametes with one-half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Metaphase - the stage in cell division where chromosomes align along the metaphase plate in the center of the cell.

Microtubules - fibrous, hollow rods that function primarily to help support and shape the cell.

Nucleus - a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.

Organelles - tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation.

Peroxisomes - cell structures that contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.

Plant Cells - eukaryotic cells that contain various membrane-bound organelles. They are distinct from animal cells, containing various structures not found in animal cells.

Polar Fibers - spindle fibers that extend from the two poles of a dividing cell.

Prokaryotes - single-celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth.

Prophase - the stage in cell division where chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.

Ribosomes - cell organelles that are responsible for assembling proteins.

Sister Chromatids - two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere.

Telophase - the stage in cell division when the nucleus of one cell is divided equally into two nuclei.

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Cell Biology Glossary - ThoughtCo

Week 1 – Embryology

Introduction

Key Events of Human Development during the first week (week 1) following fertilization or clinical gestational age GA week 3, based upon the last menstrual period.

The first week of human development begins with fertilization of the egg by sperm forming the first cell, the zygote. Cell division leads to a ball of cells, the morula. Further cell division and the formation of a cavity in the ball of cells forms the blastocyst. These notes also cover events before fertilization formation of both the egg and sperm, gametogenesis.

Initially, there is a halving of chromosomal content in the gametes (spermatozoa and oocyte) by the process called gametogenesis. Chromosomal content is then restored by fertilization, allowing genetic recombination to occur. This is then followed by a series of cell divisions without cytoplasmic growth. During this first week the egg, then zygote, morula then the blastula is moving along the uterine horn into the uterus for implantation in the uterine wall.

Implantation also begins in this first week, but will be covered in Week 2 notes, as the implantation process is completed by the end of the second week.

Human blastocyst week 1 movies, 3 above movies together in single table.

Movie - Pronuclear Fusion | Movie - Parental Genomes

Conceptus - term refers to all material derived from this fertilized zygote and includes both the embryo and the non-embryonic tissues (placenta, fetal membranes).

Within the early zygote, at the 2 pronuclei stage, the male pronucleus is "reprogrammed" by the demethylation of the paternal genome. Image sequence shows the mouse zygote at pronuclear stages[2], where the male pronucleus initially contains methylcytosine (5mC, red) oxidises to form hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC, green).

5mC - 5-methylcytosine (red). 5hmC - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (green) formed by enzymatic oxidation of 5mC.

Mouse zygote mitosis[2]

Cleavage of the zygote forms 2 blastomeres and is cleavage with no cytoplasm synthesis.

Cell division within these cells is initially synchronous (at the same time), then becomes asynchronously (at different times).

Carnegie stage 2

Carnegie stage 3

Two forms of cellular junctions Figure 21-69. The blastula

Blastocyst Hatching - zona pellucida lost, ZP has sperm entry site, and entire ZP broken down by uterine secretions and possibly blastula secretions. Uterine Glands - secretions required for blastocyst motility and nutrition

There are several important changes that occur in this new diploid cell beginning the very first mitotic cell divisions and expressing a new genome.

The oocyte arrested in meiosis is initially quiescent in terms of gene expression, and many other animal models of development have shown maternal RNAs and proteins to be important for early functions.

The new zygote gene expression is about cycles of mitosis and maintaining the toptipotency of the stem cell offspring cells.

The morula gene expression supports the formation of two populations of cells the trophoblast (trophectoderm) and embryoblast (inner cell mass), each having different roles in development, while maintaining the toptipotency of these populations.

Current research is now also pointing to non-genetic mechanisms or epigenetics as an additional mechanism in play in these processes.

The following figure is from a recent study[4] using video and genetic analysis of in vitro human development during week 1 following fertilization.

A recent paper has measured telomere length in human oocyte (GV, germinal vesicle), morula and blastocyst and found changes in this length in preimplantation embryos.[5] Telomeres are the regions found at the ends of each chromosome and involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. The regions consist of repeated sequences protecting the ends of chromosomes and harbour DNA repair proteins. In the absence of the enzyme telomerase, these regions shorten during each cell division and becoming critically short, cell senescence occurs.

See Week 1 - Abnormalities

Dizygotic twins (fraternal, non-identical) arise from separate fertilization events involving two separate oocyte (egg, ova) and spermatozoa (sperm).

Monozygotic twins (identical) produced from a single fertilization event (one fertilised egg and a single spermatazoa, form a single zygote), these twins therefore share the same genetic makeup. Occurs in approximately 3-5 per 1000 pregnancies, more commonly with aged mothers. The later the twinning event, the less common are initially separate placental membranes and finally resulting in conjoined twins.

Table based upon: Twinning. Hall JG. [6]

Embryo Week: Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2019, October 20) Embryology Week 1. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Week_1

Link:
Week 1 - Embryology

56 Surprising Things You Can do with a Biochemistry Degree

The average salary you could earn with a biochemistry degree varies based on a wide variety of factors, such as:

The type, size, and budget of your employerThe discretion of your employerYour level of education and experienceYour level of certification (if applicable)The region in which you workHow much overtime you are able to work (if applicable)The amount of responsibility inherent in your positionYour level of experience (people with several years worth of experience can often earn substantially in their profession more than whats listed below)Most importantly, however, the salary you could earn varies based on the career field you enter. Below is an overview of the average earnings of people in a few career fields that are relevant to this degree.Please Note: The salary information listed below is meant only to serve as a guideline. In many cases, workers in these fields can earn a much lower, or much higher, salary than is stated below.

BiochemistAlberta: $79,450 (ALIS)Canada: $75,000 (PayScale)United States: $82,180 (BLS)

BiologistAlberta: $84,998 (ALIS)Canada: $63,381 (indeed)United States: $69,960 (BLS)

Biomedical EngineerAlberta: $98,254 (ALIS)Canada: $63,240 (indeed)United States: $88,040 (BLS)

BiostatisticianAlberta: N/ACanada: $69,308 (PayScale)United States: $89,472 (indeed)

BloggerAlberta: N/ACanada: N/AUnited States: $36,580 (indeed)

BrewmasterAlberta: N/ACanada: $50,825 (Canada)United States: N/A

Cell BiologistAlberta: $84,988 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $69,960 (BLS)

Chemical EngineerAlberta: $107,372 (ALIS)Canada: $83,726 (indeed)United States: $102,160 (BLS)

ChiropractorAlberta: N/ACanada: $69,700 (indeed)United Sates: $68,640 (BLS)

Clinical ChemistAlberta: $79,450 (ALIS)Canada: $51,987 (indeed)United States: $74,740 (BLS)

Clinical TechnicianAlberta: $77,398 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $51,770 (BLS)

Crime Lab AssistantAlberta: $62,913 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $57,850 (BLS)

DentistAlberta: $154,564 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $158,120 (BLS)

DNA AnalystAlberta: $62,913 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $57,850 (BLS)

DoctorAlberta: $230,100 (ALIS)Canada: $271,000 (Global News - Via Canadian Institute of Health Report)United States: $208,000 (BLS)

EntomologistAlberta: $984,988 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $62,290 (BLS)

EpidemiologistAlberta: $84,988 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $69,660 (BLS)

Food and Drug InspectorAlberta: $80,949 (ALIS)Canada: $44,418 to $111,523 (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)United States: $64,660 (BLS)

Food Chemist(See Food Scientist)

Food Microbiologist(See Food Scientist)

Food Safety AuditorAlberta: $80,949 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $71,780 (BLS)

Food ScientistAlberta: $80,949 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $71,780 (BLS)

Forensic Lab AnalystAlberta: $62,913 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $57,850 (BLS)

HydrologistAlberta: $128,940 (ALIS)Canada: $57,391 (PayScale)United States: $79,990 (BLS)

Laboratory ManagerAlberta: N/ACanada: $63,590 (PayScale)United States: $60,174 (indeed)

Medical Laboratory TechnologistAlberta: $77,398 (ALIS)Canada: $67,160 (Glassdoor)United States: $51,770 (BLS)

Patent AgentAlberta: N/ACanada: N/AUnited States: $116,000 (BLS)

Petroleum ChemistAlberta: N/ACanada: N/AUnited States: $69,767 (PayScale)

Pharmaceutical ChemistAlberta: N/ACanada: N/AUnited States: $60,476 (Glassdoor)

PharmacistAlberta: $98,037 (ALIS)Canada: $103,926 (Glassdoor)United States: $124,170 (BLS)

PharmacologistAlberta: $84,998 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $82,090 (BLS)

Quality Control SpecialistAlberta: N/ACanada: $55,114 (PayScale)United States: $37,340 (BLS)

Regulatory Affairs ManagerAlberta: N/ACanada: $82,478 (indeed)United States: $105,290 (Glassdoor)Regulatory Affairs SpecialistAlberta: N/ACanada: $58,942 (PayScale)United States: $67,510 (Glassdoor)

Research AssistantAlberta: $41,027 (ALIS)Canada: $32,796 (Glassdoor)United Sates: $26,560 (BLS)

Sales RepresentativeAlberta: $62,683 (ALIS)Canada: $61,624 (indeed)United Sates: $60,340 (BLS)

Science AdvisorAlberta: N/ACanada: $102,798 (PayScale)United States: $121,768 (Glassdoor)

Science WriterAlberta: $58,979 (ALIS)Canada: $56,634 (PayScale)United States: $57,549 (BLS)

ToxicologistAlberta: $84,998 (ALIS)Canada: N/AUnited States: $74,631 (Glassdoor)

Water Quality AnalystAlberta: N/ACanada: N/AUnited States: $53,460 (PayScale)

ALIS: Alberta Learning and Information Service (alis.alberta.ca), sponsored by the Government of Alberta. For an overview of their salary survey methodology, please visit here.PayScale: Private organization owned by PayScale Incorporated (payscale.com). For an overview of their salary survey methodology, please visit here.BLS: United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov), sponsored by the federal government of the United States of America. For details regarding their salary survey methodology, please visit here.Glassdoor: indeed is a private organization owned by Glassdoor incorporated (glassdoor.com). For an overview of their salary survey methodology, please visit here.Canadian Food Inspection Agency: For the career profile of Food & Drug Inspector

To find out more about careers directly related to your biochemistry degree, consult the following professional association websites. They offer career-related information, and many have opportunities for student membership, as well as job placement and mentoring opportunities.

Canada

BIOTECanada

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Canadian Society for Molecular Biosciences

ExPASy

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Research Canada

United States

American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Link:
56 Surprising Things You Can do with a Biochemistry Degree

Physiology | bioRxiv

Treatment with 3 adrenergic agonists reverses impaired cardiac myocyte Na+ export and improves severely decompensated heart failure a clinical application of an experimental finding

Natasha AS Fry, Chia-Chi Liu, Alvaro Garcia, Elisha J Hamilton, Keyvan Karimi Galougahi, Yeon Jae Kim, Jacqueline L Harris, Gregory IC Nelson, David W Whalley, Henning Bundgaard, Helge H Rasmussen

bioRxiv 804245; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/804245 New Results

Visit link:
Physiology | bioRxiv

Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work: John W …

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