All posts by medical

‘He exposed it’: A punter’s flaw, and the anatomy of Diontae Johnson’s touchdown return – The Athletic

GLENDALE, Ariz. As the football tumbled toward him from the rafters at State Farm Stadium, Steelers rookie Diontae Johnson stood with his heels at the 15-yard line and thought, This is it. While watching film earlier this week, Johnson saw that Arizona Cardinals punter Andy Lee tended to consistently outkick his coverage. The Steelers planned for it. So, when Lee boomed a punt in the first quarter Sunday, the Steelers were set up to spring Johnson.

The strategy started at the line of scrimmage. The Steelers sent six to try to block Lees punt. That way, even if the rush didnt get home it almost did the Cardinals would need to keep most of their men back to protect Lee, and the pressure would force Lee to kick quickly. The line was instructed to hold its initial blocks for two seconds. Thats all the time Johnson required.

Hell do the rest, linebacker Tyler Matakevich said.

Ten seconds after the snap, Johnson was alone in the open...

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'He exposed it': A punter's flaw, and the anatomy of Diontae Johnson's touchdown return - The Athletic

Anatomy of a search: As rescue workers look for missing boaters near Oregon, they’re also trying to find closure – SaukValley.com

OREGON When Oregon firefighters go to put out a fire, they dont leave until the job is done.

That goes for recovery efforts, too, which is why theyre still on the job, looking for the bodies of two fishermen who went missing after their boat capsized on the Rock River on Nov. 20.

Frustration is taking a toll on the department, but Chief Michael Knoup and Capt. Dustin Champlain arent giving up.

I think everyone here has that burden, Champlain said. I dont want to say we feel responsible, because the accident wasnt caused by us. But its ultimately our responsibility to get them out of the river at some point.

The department is surveying the river with sonar and boats when the weather and available personnel make it possible. A search-and-rescue team from Tampico with top-level sonar equipment returned to the area Wednesday to search for the bodies as well, after first being dispatched when the men went missing.

As of Friday afternoon, there was no new information to report, but crews were once again back on the water.

When the search began, the Oregon Fire Department became the hub of a full-scale search-and-rescue operation. Twelve area fire departments responded with resources, including firefighters and boats.

Knoup was not on duty, so Champlain was thrust into action.

It was a little nerve-racking at first, he said. We started as a small event and found out we actually had victims. It escalated quickly, that first few minutes was trying to process everything and move.

Within 10 minutes, the Sheriffs Office had a command vehicle on site. Champlain worked the operation from there and it made for a calm, collected experience despite the challenges of coordinating all the departments participating. Champain was up 60 hours straight before the initial search was finished.

The weather made the search difficult, and has continued to complicate revcovery efforts. Cold temperatures, high water levels and a swift current put the operation on the brink of being too dangerous.

I dont think people understand how fast that current is, Champlain said. You look at it from the bridge on land and say, Yeah, the water is moving. But really, underneath, the water is really moving at 7 knots. We did have a diver go in at one point, and they say their mask can rip off at 3 knots, potentially.

The scale of the Nov. 20 search was the largest the Oregon Fire Department has seen in the past 4 or 5 years, Knoup said. The last time he worked something comparable was a chemical plant fire in Seward in June 2013.

The Rapid Response Search and Rescue Unit 19, based in Tampico has been helping with the search. Its funded by Christian Aid Ministries, a national Amish-Mennonite nonprofit organization.

The unit was dispatched originally by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and its members were asked to return by Ogle County Sheriff Brian VanVickle. Their service comes at no cost to the agencies that use it, but the team accepts donations at https://christianaidministries.org/illinois-sar/.

Fewer than 10 organizations nationwide have the level of equipment that this unit has, team member and state coordinator Ralph Kropf said. They have a command trailer, a sonar-equipped boat and a remote-operated vehicle that can be deployed underwater.

Both sonar and the ROV were used Nov. 21, when the body of one of the men was located underwater about a mile south of the dam, but the swift water prevented the ROV and divers from recovering it before it moved to an unknown location.

The sonar equipment, which uses ultrasound technology, had 4 miles of Rock River bottom totally scanned as of Wednesday, Kropf said.

So far, weve found nothing but logs, he said.

This week a lady stopped, all frantically and said, I seen one of them in the water. So, we went down to that point along Route 2 and got the binoculars out and it was a log. But, any time we get any type of credible information, were investigating and continuing on.

The names of the missing men have not been released. At a news conference Nov. 22, VanVickle said the names will not be released until the bodies are found.

Until then, Knoup, Champlain, Kropf and others will continue to work until the bodies are recovered and peace can be brought to the families.

Until the job is done.

_____

OTHER LIVES LOST NEAR THE DAM

The Rock Rover below the Oregon dam has claimed several lives, among them:

July 22, 2013: Elmer Leeds, 91, of Oregon, whose body was found floating near Kiwanis Park. There was no foul play, and Leeds wasn't fishing, Oregon police said.

July 4, 2012: Reyez Perez, 37, of Chicago. His body was found after dragging the river bottom below the dam a day after the fisherman waded into the water and was swept away by the current.

July 29, 2007: Damiam Folwarkow, 15, of Chicago. His body was found the next day in about 6 feet of water, in the east channel of the river, about 60 yards where he had been fishing below the dam.

Aug. 13, 2006: Samir Zukanovic, 29, of Chicago. His body was found in the west channel of the river, near the state Route 64 bridge. He and his cousin, Adem Zukanovic, Skokie, were fishing on the east bank and tried to walk over to an island in the center of the river when the current knocked them both down. Adem made it to an island and was rescued by the Oregon Fire Department. Samirs body was found 2 hours later, nearly 30 feet from where he was last seen.

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Anatomy of a search: As rescue workers look for missing boaters near Oregon, they're also trying to find closure - SaukValley.com

How to Shoot the Start of a Relationships End in Marriage Story – The New York Times

In Anatomy of a Scene, we ask directors to reveal the secrets that go into making key scenes in their movies. See new episodes in the series each Friday. You can also watch our collection of more than 150 videos on YouTube and subscribe to our YouTube channel.

The early teasers for Marriage Story were released as two separate vignettes, with each of the lead characters, Charlie and Nicole (Adam Driver and Scarlett Johansson), discussing what they love about the other.

Those montages play in a more extended form at the beginning of Noah Baumbachs film (now in theaters and streaming on Netflix), creating a way to quickly establish the characters while drawing viewers more intimately into their relationship, just before showing that its about to end.

Narrating the scene, Baumbach discusses the challenges of shooting so many small moments in a relationship and making them feel lived-in. He discusses how the films score, by Randy Newman, aids in that goal, and how he shot a lot of footage to capture just the right amount of emotion.

Read the Marriage Story review.

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How to Shoot the Start of a Relationships End in Marriage Story - The New York Times

20 Wild Revelations About Rick Grimes’ Anatomy – TheThings

In every zombie apocalypse, there's got to be a valiant knight in shining armor. Fortunately forThe Walking Dead universe'scharacters, there is Rick Grimes. Sheriff Rick is a hard-nosed survivor who doesn't just fight walkers, he also fights the injustice that's prevalent in this crumbling society! He might not always be the friendliest among the bunch, but there's no question that he has a heart of gold. Of course, that doesn't mean Rick is a saint...he's still as fragile and complex as any survivor who's getting by in this post-apocalyptic nightmare.

What separates Rick from the usual heroic protagonist tropes? Well, for starters, Rick's optimism is off the charts. It's almost bordering on either naivety or utter insanity! Rick's sense of justice and morality remain sound in even the direst times. He always clings to the notion of rebuilding society, despite having lost so many loved ones already. Fans of the series know that Rick isn't the type to give up, despite how much the odds are stacked against him.

However, every heroic leader hides a side that not many know about and Rick is no exception. Aside from being a lawful cowboy, there are some aspects of Rick's personality that simply do not add up. In fact, some facets of Rick's anatomy might leave some fans scratching their heads! After all, it's hard to stay consistent in a world where anyone can perish at any given moment, right? Here are 20 startling revelations that Rick would rather keep to himself.

Rick is always on the side of hope and justice, even when despair and vengeance are all he sees around him. The zombie apocalypse gives him so many reasons to doubt humanity, yet he remains adamant in his ideals. Given how many he had lost already, to both walkers and selfish humans alike, it's almost unbelievable, and even impractical, how much he insists on sticking to his moral code.

No matter how hard things get, Rick always seems to know how to handle the situation. Whether he's dealing with people or walkers, he usually finds ways to overcome obstacles. It's as if he's got some kind of foresight powers! In the comics, Carl even asks him how he can see the future. Rick told him that it's just a feeling. Well, that's some Nostradamus-level feeling he's got right there!

Rick is such a likable protagonist that fans just want to see him survive all the way through. While that might be the case in the TV adaptation, the same can't be said in the comics. Unfortunately, Rick eventually succumbed and turned into a walker, shortly after being shot consecutively by the cowardly Sebastian Milton. After everything he accomplished, he definitely didn't deserve this type of exit.

Rick had always been a good father to his son, Carl. In the comics, however, he actually traumatized him! Well, not purposefully, though. When Rick reanimated, Carl was hesitant when it came to putting down his own dad. In fact, his dialogue with Michonne suggests that he wanted to keep Rick alive, even when he's already a walker! Poor Carl, his father just meant that much to him.

Carl might be one of Rick's better-known kids, but he's not the only significant member of the Grimes family. Aside from Judith, Rick also has a kid with Michonne, who is named RJ! Although Rick's a lot lonelier in the comic version since Judith didn't even survive in that universe. Well, you can't have it all, Rick.

Ever since Rick got one of his legs broken, he required a cane just to get around. There's even a point in the comics when he could barely stand without it! However, he eventually got rid of the cane. He explained to Carl that he either healed up or had just gotten used to walking without it. Earth to Rick, people don't just get used to walking with broken legs!

When it comes to being a leader, Rick undoubtedly has what it takes. To this former sheriff, leading a group almost seems natural. Rick's people always seem to believe in him, too. This is mostly due to the fact that he's a staunch peacekeeper whose optimistic ideals persist, even in a dangerously unpredictable. post-apocalyptic world.

Persuasion is vital in a chaotic world, where fear and distrustpermeate the air. Fortunately for Rick, he has the power of persuasion at his side. In fact, his ability to convince people is astounding! He's capable of rallying crowds to his cause with just his words. Rick was once able to convince an entire town to oust their leader, using nothing but a compelling speech!

It's no surprise that Rick can take pain like a champ given how tough he was as a sheriff. However, his pain threshold is so insane that it's almost ridiculous! In the comics, Rick survived a savage beating as a disabled person who could barely stand. He was brutally tortured in the TV adaptation, yet he's still alive somehow. How Rick fights through this much punishment is anybody's guess.

Even heroes have a tough time coping with loss and Rick is no different. Ever since Rick lost his first wife, he had incessant hallucinations of having full-blown conversations with her. This was true in both his TV series and comic book counterparts. While he did recover from this eventually, there's no doubt that it left a permanent fracture on his mental state.

Before Rick's name was known to most of his people, he used to have different monikers. Aside from being referred to by his title as sheriff or police officer, his close relatives call him by a different name. Rick's younger brother revealed that his big bro was known as Richie back then. Although Rick himself might've already forgotten that since virtually nobody calls him that nowadays.

If fans were wondering why Rick is so stubborn when it comes to upholding his moral code, that's because he got it from his father. His dad was a noble person who taught him values that turned him into quite a reliable leader. Despite the fact that other survivors are becoming more ruthless towards each other, Rick never loses his humanity, all thanks to his father's teachings.

Some might not know that Rick actually had a little brother named Jeffrey. He would get into all sorts of trouble just to protect Jeff. He even got beaten up multiple times just to save his little bro! In the comics, Jeff never really forgot about Rick's courageous efforts either. He even planned to sail halfway across the globe just to see him again.

Rick never really responds whenever he's asked whether he's a righty or a lefty. However, he's been shown to be efficient in using weapons in either hand on numerous occasions. This led some to believe that he might actually be ambidextrous. No wonder he can still be a force to be reckoned with, even after losing his hand. That trait is pretty, well, handy!

While Rick's future in the TV adaptation still remains uncertain, his fate in the comic book version is most definitely sealed. His legacy still lives on though. He eventually became a venerated martyr that served as a symbol of hope and inspiration to his people. The community even built a statue to commemorate his valiant deeds! His story lives on through Carl, who now follows his father's footsteps.

It's almost hard to recognize Rick, given how much he changes his appearance over time. From looking like a smooth-talking, clean-shaven debonair guy to turning into a shaved-headed, long-bearded biker, Rick has so many looks! Unfortunately, he lives in a world filled with mangled survivors and fetid walking corpses...looking good is the least of his worries.

Don't be fooled by Rick's righteous moral conduct. The amount of enemies he has slain probably outnumbers the lives he has saved! In fact, Rick is one of a handful of individuals with the highest body count of both living and undead. Whether it's in the TV series adaptation or in the comics, Rick is frequently regarded as one of TWD's apex predators.

It's no secret that Rick is quite the ladies man. He had two wives and a couple of girlfriends. While it might sound like he's some sort of player with infidelity issues, that's not exactly the case. Rick keeps looking for new relationships simply because he keeps losing his loved ones! Poor Rick, he's jumping from one relationship to another not because he wants to, but because he has to.

Given Rick's deteriorating physical state, some believe that his time will come sooner rather than later. However, he defies all expectations by surviving with just one hand and a broken leg! According to THR, Rick was supposed to expire back in season 8, until the idea was scrapped. In the comics, it took a whopping 192 issues before he eventually met his demise. He's more resilient than the walkers!

Sure, Rick might be a righteous man, but that doesn't automatically mean he's also the religious type. In the TV adaptation, Rick is often seen questioning God more than actually praising him. He even got into arguments with Father Gabriel whenever religion was involved! It's heavily implied that he's either an atheist or agnostic. After all, it's kinda hard for religion to thrive in a world filled with zombies and outlaws.

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20 Wild Revelations About Rick Grimes' Anatomy - TheThings

Heard Around the Watercooler – The Hudson Independent

by Maria Ann Roglieri

914INC Women in Business awards celebrated 20 2019 honorees at a luncheon in November at the DoubleTree in Tarrytown. Congratulations to three honorees who do a lot of business in our towns: Geri Eisenman Pell, Private Wealth Advisor & CEO, Pell Wealth Partners; Astara N. Crews Director of Regulatory Affairs/Compliance & Privacy Officer, ENT and Allergy Associates, LLP in Tarrytown; and Sarah Jones-Maturo, President, RM Friedland LLC.

Phelps Hospital welcomed Dr. Yafell Serulle, a board-certified interventional neuroradiologist, as the Director of Neuroendovascular Surgery. Neuroendovascular surgery, a subspecialty of neurosurgery, is a minimally-invasive surgery performed on a patients blood vessels to prevent conditions such as headaches, seizures, or stroke.

Dr. Serulle holds a Ph.D. in neuroscience from New York University School of Medicine (NYU) and an M.D. from Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena in his native Dominican Republic. He completed several years of postgraduate training in neuroradiology, diagnostic radiology, and internal medicine at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore and at NYU. Before joining Phelps/Northwell, Dr. Serulle was the Stroke Medical Director at Aventura Hospital and Medical Center in Aventura, Florida. Prior to that, he was a neurointerventional surgeon at two regional medical centers in FloridaWestside Regional Medical Center in Plantation and Kendall Regional Medical Center in Miami.

I am excited to lead the new neuroendovascular service at Phelps and to be able to bring world class care to the Westchester community, said Dr. Serulle. I am very proud of the phenomenal team we have assembled here, with a state-of-the-art neuroscience center covering all subspecialties of neuroscience. This speaks of the high level of commitment that Phelps Hospital and Northwell Health have to deliver the best possible care to our patients in Westchester.

Dr. Serulle lives in Dobbs Ferry with his wife and three children.

Blue Hill at Stone Barns in Pocantico Hills was awarded two Michelin stars, while The Cookery in Dobbs Ferry was among eight Westchester County restaurants listed for the first time this year in the 2020 Michelin Guides NYC edition. Also listed was Cookery chef/owner David DiBaris Eugenes Diner and Bar in Port Chester; RaaSa Fine Indian Cuisine and Shiraz Kitchen, both in Elmsford; Southern Table in Pleasantville; Cafe Alaia in Scarsdale; and Dubrovnik and Maria Restaurant, both in New Rochelle. The eight Westchester restaurants are among 133 Bib Gourmand distinctions, which are restaurants Michelin commends for quality food at a good value, typically two courses and a glass of wine or dessert for $40 or less.

As an international reference and trusted companion for travelers for more than 120 years, Michelin is honored to recognize the evolution of gastronomy and culinary talent in Westchester County, said Michelin Guide International Director Gwendal Poullennec. Inspectors were particularly impressed by the technique and highest quality of ingredients that they discovered during multiple visits to the area.

Congratulations to Sarah Clayton for becoming a National Merit Scholarship semifinalist and to Devin Batheja, Emma Guarnieri, Tess Kaplan and Ryan Schatzel for being recognized as Commended Students by the National Merit Scholarship Program (NMSC). These five SHHS students are among 34,000 high-performing students across the nation. More than 1.5 million students took the PSAT last October and were entered into the National Scholarship Program. The NMSC Programs mission is to promote academic excellence and to recognize students who achieve these goals.

Sleepy Hollow resident George Lence, co-founder and President of Nicholas & Lence Communications, has been chosen for another consecutive year as a member of the City & State Westchester Power 100, a group of the most influential individuals within Westchesters sectors of advocacy, academia, media and business. He was recently celebrated at the Whitby Castle in Rye at a special reception for the honorees, which also highlighted the current landscape of Westchesters politics and various industries.

In November, Tarrytowns Main Street became home to a new art gallery, Main Street Atelier. The gallerys first exhibit will feature artwork by resident artists, student artists, and local artists. For more information about the gallery, go to http://www.mainstreetatelier.com.

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Heard Around the Watercooler - The Hudson Independent

The ultimate hack to fight performance anxiety – Quartz

Professional sports are full of stories of elite athletes choking emotionally and mentally under the pressure of competition. One famous example is golfer Greg Norman, who was leading the 1994 US Masters by six strokes at the beginning of the final round, but then lost by five strokes to Nick Faldo. And England football teams are well known for their struggles in penalty shoot outs.

But the occasion I remember most vividly was watching the late, great Jana Novotna facing Steffi Graf in the 1993 Wimbledon final. Having dominated the match, and leading the final set 4-1, Novotna served a double fault. After this simple error, Novotnas match fell apart, and she ended up quickly losing the set 6-4. It was as if someone had flipped a switch, turning her from elite professional into nervous club player.

Many of us who have played a sport can sympathize with the phenomenon of choking. And as a sports psychologist, I am interested in what happens mentally during those crucial moments before catastrophic drops in performance. Understanding the processes and factors involved could allow us to develop ways to help athletes avoid choking, or regain control after it takes hold.

Researchers have shown how performance anxiety can be split into a mental (cognitive) component, represented by worry (I am worried that I may not perform as well as I can) and self-focused attention (I am conscious of every movement I make), and a physiological anxiety represented by arousal (fast heart rate) and tension (feeling on edge).

The ability to respond positively to anxiety reflects the level of control the athlete feels they have over a given situation, and their own response (I believe I have the resources to meet this challenge). This perception of control is important, because it reflects whether athletes see the situation as a threat or a challenge, which ultimately might change the way they perform.

Many anxiety interventions focus on ways in which we can control our physiology to ensure that athletes keep a cool head. The simplest of all relaxation strategies is slow diaphragmatic breathing, similar to that used in meditation and yoga. We now know that breathing in this way can have a number of benefits.

The most obvious benefit is the immediate effect upon our physiology. If you feel yourself becoming stressed, you will notice how your heart rate increases and your breathing becomes more shallow and sporadic. Concentrating on your breathing and aiming to slow it down will reduce your heart rate and make you feel more calm and in control.

This type of breathing allows us to hijack the bodys natural blood pressure regulation system and to increase our heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is the varying interval in our heart rate, where an increase is reflective of a greater capacity to deal with stress.

This is because our heart is required to adapt appropriately and quickly to environmental demands (from a state of rest to a fight response, say), in order to drive other physiological systems such as the delivery of oxygen to the muscles. If your heart can go from slow to fast and back again quickly, you are more adaptable to the demands you may face, moment by moment.

In our work with elite athletes, we use a technique called HRV biofeedback. For this, we ask athletes to pace their breathing at around six breaths per minute, while providing visual feedback of the effect this has on the heart.

This breathing rate automatically results in a synchronization between breathing and heart rate, such that our heart rate increases on inhaling, and decreases on exhaling. This coherence, technically known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia, naturally increases heart rate variability, while decreasing blood pressure and lowering our average heart rate.

Our aim in using HRV biofeedback is to teach athletes to control their breathing without a visual guide. Then, when they feel under pressure, they have a go-to intervention which helps them return to their ideal performance state. It also allows them to focus on what is important in the environment and in their mindpositive, logical, helpful, and controllable thinking.

Our athletes have found this technique helpful, both preparing for, and during competition, and we are beginning to use it in very specific contexts such as the taper period in elite swimming. The taper period is the final training phase (two to three weeks) before an important competition such as the Olympics, where athletes reduce the volume of training they are doing. This a period of emotional turmoil for swimmersand we are looking at how we can address this with HRV biofeedback.

But the benefits of HRV biofeedback are not reserved for elite athletes. Modern life is stressful for everyone, with many sources of hassle at work and home. Evidence indicates that adopting a regular, long-term schedule of breathing practice at around six breaths per minute for 10 minutes every day could help improve the bodys ability to manage stress.

Simple breathing pacer apps on smartphones, or cheap heart rate monitors, can be used to practice becoming more aware of your breathing, and controlling your heart rate. In times of pressure and amid the stresses of modern life, anyone can breathe to win.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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The ultimate hack to fight performance anxiety - Quartz

Martell’s new Chanteloup XXO is a blend of 450 ‘waters of life’ – TimesLIVE

There's much excitement in Cognac, France, as an ancient art produces an innovation

08 December 2019 - 00:00 By

Cognac is a secretive place. I feel this as I walk along the cobblestone streets of the small French village, exceptional only because every few blocks there are grand Cognac Houses that hold, in underground cellars, the classified recipes of each particular brand. So when I'm invited into one of these cellars by the cellar master of the oldest cognac maker in the world, on the premise that he's going to share some of his secrets with me, I follow him, without question, through the mouldy tunnels and into his lair.

Christophe Valtaud, Martell cellar master, was born in Cognac, the great-grandson of wine growers and distillers of the region. He tells me that when he was five, his grandfather started taking him into the cognac cellars where he fell in love with the scent of the amber liquid. A magician and alchemist before a scientist (with a degree in biochemistry, molecular biology and plant physiology), Valtaud, whose soul is part of the cognac soil, has been cellar master at Martell for the past three years...

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Martell's new Chanteloup XXO is a blend of 450 'waters of life' - TimesLIVE

Prolonged sitting might not harm oxygen levels in the brain in young adults – PsyPost

Though prolonged sitting is associated with a variety of consequences, it may not impair the bodys ability to deliver oxygen to the brain in healthy adults, according to new preliminary research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The UNC Cardiometabolic Lab has a particular interest in understanding the mechanisms by which repeated exposure to prolonged sitting leads to chronic cardiovascular complications. And by cardiovascular we have to remember that this includes cerebrovascular, said study author Lee Stoner, an assistant professor of exercise physiology.

We were originally interested on the effects of prolonged sitting on heart health, and a natural extension was the brain. This is particularly important when considering the epidemiological evidence associating sedentary behaviors with dementia risk factors.

Further, cerebrovascular complications likely contribute to dementia, and theres a clear need to identify strategies to offset dementia risk in the aging population, Stoner explained.

The researchers used nearinfrared spectroscopy to monitor perfusion or penetration of blood into tissue in the prefrontal cortex in 20 healthy participants as they sat for three hours. However, this continuous sitting did not lead to impairments in prefrontal cortex oxygen delivery.

Contrary to expected, we found the prolonged sitting did not decrease cerebral perfusion or executive function. Further, simple exercises such as calf raises during prolonged sitting may not be of benefit to the cerebral perfusion or executive function in healthy young adults, Stoner explained.

But additional research using at-risk populations such as older adults and those with chronic disease should be conducted.

This initial study investigated healthy, young adults. We do not know whether our findings extend to older and/or unhealthy adults. The executive function test we used, Stroop test, may not be the most sensitive for use in young adults, Stoner said.

We measured cerebral perfusion but not cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow may have been compromised (as shown by another study), but the brain worked over time to regulate perfusion.

The study, Effects of acute prolonged sitting on cerebral perfusion and executive function in young adults: A randomized crossover trial, was authored by Lee Stoner, Quentin Willey, William S. Evans, Kathryn Burnet, Daniel P. Credeur, Simon Fryer, and Erik D. Hanson.

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Prolonged sitting might not harm oxygen levels in the brain in young adults - PsyPost

JCC faculty honored with ApPLE awards | News, Sports, Jobs – Evening Observer

Several Jamestown Community College faculty members were honored with Applauding Participation in the Learning Environment (ApPLE) awards this fall.

ApPLE recognizes scholarly research, grant awards, professional honors, creative presentations, and publication credits achieved by faculty. Recipients included:

Essays by English professor Karen Weyant were published in About Place, Barren Magazine, Lake Effect, MARY: A New Journal of Writing, Potomac Review, Solidago Review, and Stitch.

Heather Burrell, assistant professor of nursing, was elected president of the board of directors of the Competency & Credentialing Institute, a perioperative organization for nursing.

Simone Sellstrom, assistant professor and director of media, visual, and performing arts, completed the second edition of her book, Social Media Marketing for Small Businesses, for use by the Small Business Development Center of New York.

Compositions created by associate professor and coordinator of music Neil Flory were performed at several universities and colleges. His Sonata for Euphonium and Piano was published in March.

Associate professor and director of teacher education Renee Funke was elected second vice president of the New York state organization of the Delta Kappa Gamma International Society for Key Women Educators.

Meghan McCune, associate professor of anthropology and sociology and co-director of the social sciences, presented a paper, Seneca Decolonization and the State of Salamanca: The Changing Relationship Between a Native Nation, a Congressional Village, and New York State, at the 117th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Society.

Political science professor and global studies coordinator Greg Rabb received a fellowship from the State University of New York Rockefeller Institute of Government to study fiscal stress in small western New York cities. He also received a research grant from the University of Illinois to study Palestinian issues.

Ellen Lehning, professor of biology, and Andy Pitoniak, assistant professor of biology, published a paper in the Journal of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society.

Technical writing contributions by cybersecurity and computer technology instructor Ken Zatyko helped a defense contractor win a $200 million contract for educating Department of Defense employees.

Assistant professor and reference librarian Cynthia Horton McKane was a peer reviewer at a Western New York Library Resources Council conference. She also did several presentations on research for JCC and College Connections faculty.

... LATHAM, New York Major General Ray Shields, the Adjutant General for the State of New York, announces the ...

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JCC faculty honored with ApPLE awards | News, Sports, Jobs - Evening Observer

IFN-: The T cell’s license to kill stem cells in the inflamed intestine – Science

Abstract

IFN- produced by T cells directly induces intestinal stem cell death upon inflammation-induced intestinal injury (see the related Research Article by Takashima et al.).

Intestinal regeneration upon tissue damage is fueled by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypt bottom of the epithelium and marked by the gene Lgr5 (1, 2). There is growing evidence that tissue repair is at least partially mediated by a regenerative inflammatory response (3, 4). How inflammation-induced intestinal injury influences ISCs and their microenvironment (stem cell niche) remains poorly understood. In this issue of Science Immunology, Takashima et al. (5) explore the changes in the ISC niche in vivo upon T cellmediated injury as a model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in vitro using organoid T cell cocultures. Although earlier studies already implicated interferon- (IFN-) as a negative regulator of intestinal epithelial homeostasis (68), Takashima et al. now demonstrate that IFN- directly acts on ISCs by triggering apoptosis.

In an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, Takashima and colleagues found that ISC numbers per intestinal crypt were markedly reduced in mice receiving bone marrow alone or bone marrow and T cells when compared with normal control mice. While the ISCs in the mice receiving only bone marrow recovered 7 days later, the ISC numbers remained reduced in those mice also transplanted with donor T cells. Of note, Paneth cell numbers were also reduced after ISC depletion. The numbers of organoids established from the intestines of mice 10 days after BMT recovered back to that of control mice, whereas the organoid forming capacity from crypts of mice after combined transplantation of bone marrow and T cells remained significantly lower. Similar in vivo and in vitro results were obtained when autoreactive T cells were transplanted, pointing to a common feature of T cellmediated intestinal injury.

As seen by three-dimensional confocal microscopy, intraepithelial T cells (CD3+ IELs) preferentially localized to the villus region, whereas lamina propriaassociated T cells (CD3+ LPLs) were equally distributed along the crypt-villus axis of control mice (Fig. 1A). Conversely, mice receiving bone marrow and allogeneic T cells showed a progressive increase in the density of both CD3+ LPLs and CD3+ IELs in the crypt region.

To identify signaling molecules that cause the loss of ISCs in this model, Takashima and colleagues performed several elegant murine and human epithelial organoid coculture experiments. Murine nave allogeneic T cells did not impair murine intestinal organoid numbers, whereas alloreactive T cells effectively reduced organoid numbers. Likewise, human allogeneic cytotoxic T cells robustly inhibited human intestinal organoid forming efficiency. Even bead-activated autologous T cells suppressed human intestinal organoid growth. The authors then proceeded to screen for potential pathways mediating cytotoxicity. Organoids cocultured with T cells in the presence of antiIFN- neutralizing antibodies showed normal growth. Although IFN- receptor (IFN-R)depleted T cells were still able to affect organoid viability, IFN-Rdepleted organoids were resistant to T cellmediated killing. Organoid toxicity by IFN- was also observed in the absence of T cells. Live imaging confirmed the progressive ISC depletion upon organoid exposure to IFN-. Treatment of organoids with the immunosuppressive JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib robustly preserved numbers of both organoids and ISCs in the presence of IFN-, irrespective of whether the organoids were cultured alone or together with T cells. The authors additionally demonstrated that JAK1-depleted organoids are resistant to IFN- treatment. Further downstream, ruxolitinib prevented STAT1 phosphorylation by IFN- in intestinal crypts, and, in line, STAT1-depleted organoids were resistant to growth suppression in response to IFN- treatment.

IFN-treated organoids showed reduced expression of ISC marker genes. ISCs underwent apoptosis in vitro in a direct response to IFN-. Next, the authors confirmed in vivo that ISC numbers did not change upon transplanting allogeneic bone marrow and T cells when treating mice with IFN- neutralizing antibodies. Likewise, ruxolitinib treatment protected ISCs from T cellmediated killing in vivo. Donor T cells, particularly T helper 1 cells, were activated and IFN-+. Transplanting IFN-depleted allogeneic T cells robustly reduced the ISC loss and allowed epithelial cell proliferation to increase.

Takashima and colleagues lastly investigated whether IFN- directly induces ISC apoptosis. Using tissue-specific depletion of IFN-R1, the authors found that epithelial loss of the receptor protects from the immune-mediated GVHD phenotype. IFN-R1 is expressed by both ISCs and Paneth cells, the epithelial component of the ISC niche (9). However, Paneth celldeficient organoids remained sensitive to both IFN- and allogeneic T cellmediated cytotoxicity. Likewise, T cells were able to reduce the number of organoids containing IFN-R1deficient Paneth cells, whereas organoids containing IFN-R1deficient ISC were protected from cytotoxicity. The authors demonstrated in further experiments that IFN- directly induces ISC apoptosis independent of Paneth cells (Fig. 1, B and C).

The study by Takashima et al. extends our knowledge on signaling between ISCs and immune cells, identifying ISCs as direct targets of IFN- secreted by T cells in immune-mediated intestinal damage (as caused by GVHD). In the 2015 study by Lindemans et al., this group already identified that interleukin-22 (IL-22) secreted by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) directly stimulates ISCs to proliferate and regenerate the intestinal epithelium upon inflammation-induced intestinal injury (4). Modulating the effects of T cellderived IFN- on ISC, for instance, by suppressing JAK/STAT signaling via ruxolitinib treatment, may provide a new therapeutic avenue to reducing GVHD-induced damage of the intestinal epithelium (10).

(A) ISCs maintain adult homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. T lymphocytes patrol the intestine. (B) Takashima et al. show that in GVHD as modeled by BMT and aberrant activation of T lymphocytes, T cellderived IFN- directly acts on ISCs and induces apoptosis via JAK/STAT signaling. (C) Disease progression results in marked intestinal damage due to loss of ISCs and their niche.

Acknowledgments: Funding: K.K. is a long-term fellow of the Human Frontier Science Program Organization (LT771/2015). Competing interests: H.C. and K.K. are named inventors on patents or patents pending on Lgr5 stem cellbased organoid technology.

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IFN-: The T cell's license to kill stem cells in the inflamed intestine - Science